2020年职称英语考试真题卫生类B级补全短文(文字版)
2020年职称英语真题卫生类B级补全短文(文字版)
2020年职称英语真题卫生类B级补全短文（文字版）What Is a Dream?For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say thatthis nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others，however， think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person’s mind and emotions.Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud1，was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a person’s wishes. He believed that dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life.The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung2 was once a student of Freud’s. Jung，however，had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams. For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz，believes thatdreams are tightly linked to a person’s daily life, thoughts, and behavior. A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.Domhoff believes that there is a connection betweendreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop.He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. For example, the people in men’s dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women’s dreams.3 Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modern and traditional ones.Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. However, one thing they agree on this： If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldn’t panic. The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. It’s important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.词汇：psychologist 心理学家 psychiatrist 精神病学家Austrian 奥地利的 gender 性别注释：1.Sigmund Freud西格蒙德·弗洛伊德(1856—1939)，犹太人，奥地利精神病医生及精神分析学家。
2020年职称英语综合类B级补全短文练习题(3)
2020年职称英语综合类B级补全短文练习题(3)The Story of LaniFive-year-old Lani still takes seven medicines with her breakfast every morning。
“She’s very good about it ”saysher father ni is alive today because of her father David，in more than one way;when she was one year old she received part of her fathe r’s liver in a liver—transplant ni was born with a liver illness . __________ (46) Doctors advised that a transplant was the only way in which she would live.The operation lasted 12 hours and needed two teams，onefor the father and one for thedaughter __________ (47)Inthese cases，the donor’s liver grows to normal size in about eight weeks。
and t11e child’s liver becomes smaller.Lani spent three weeks in hospital after theoperation.Because the receiver’s body tries to reject thenew organ，the patient has to be given special drugs__________ (48)Although David left hospital after 10 days，he didn’t return to work until after three months.In order to reach the liver, the doctors have to cut through the stomach wall，which is strong and full of muscle.It therefore takes a long time to recover after this operation. __________ (49)So far，only 16 of these liver—transplant operations have beencarried out in Britain. __________ (50)Doctors say,“If possible，we prefer to take a liver from a dead don not, usually a parent.”Lani still has to look after her health，and she gets more tired than other children of the same age，but doctors hope that she will continue to get stronger and stronger.A She had one operation when she was six weeks old，which was not successful.B While these drugs are given，it is important that the patient does not catch any illness，not even a cold.C In this operation a piece of liver, weighing about 250--300 grams，was removed from the father and transplanted into the daughter.D David quickly recovered from the operation.E However, they are more common in North America and Japan.F David was finally able to ride his bike again after about a year.答案：1. A 2. C 3. B 4. F 5. E。
2020年职称英语考试卫生类B级阅读文章(3)
2020年职称英语考试卫生类B级阅读文章(3)Diet, Alcohol Linked to Nearly One Third of CancersDiet is second only to tobacco as a leading cause of cancer and, along with alcohol, is responsible for nearly one third of cases of the disease in developed countries, a leading researcher said on Tuesday.Dr. Tim Key, of the University of Oxford, told a cancer conference that scientists are still discovering how certain foods contribute to cancer, but they know that diet, alcohol and obesity . play a major role.“Five percent of cancers could be avoided if nobody was obese,” he said.While tobacco is blinked to about 30 percent of cancer cases, diet is involved in an estimated 25 percent and alcohol in about six percent.Obesity raises the risk of breast, womb, bowel and kidney cancer, while alcohol is known to cause cancers of the mouth, throat and liver, Its dangerous impact is increased when combined with smoking.Key told the meeting of the charity Cancer Research UK that other elements of diet linked to cancer are still unknown but scientists are hoping that the EPIC study, which is comparing the diets of 500,000 people in 10 countries and their risk of cancer, will provide some answers .Early results of the study have revealed that Norway, Sweden and Denmark have the lowest consumption of fruit andvegetables among European countries while Italy and Spain have the highest. Eating at least five portions of fruit and vegetables a day is recommended to reduce the risk of cancer.Key, principal scientist on the EPIC study, said it is looking at dietary links to some of the most common cancers including colorectal, breast and prostate.。
2020年职称英语《卫生类AB级》补全短文模拟(3)
2020年职称英语《卫生类AB级》补全短文模拟（3）"Happy Birthday to You"The main problem in discussing American popular cultureis also one of its main characteristics： it won't stay American. No matter what it is,whether it is films,food and fashion，music,casual sports or slang,it's soon at home elsewhere in the world.There are severaltheories why American popular culture has had this appeal（吸引力）。
One theory is that it has been "advertised" and marketed through American films,popularmusic,and morerecently,television. ___（1）___ They are,after all,in competition with those produced by other countries.Another theory,probably a more common one,is thatAmerican popular culture isinternationally associated with something called "thespirit of America."___（2）___The final theory is less complex： American popularculture is popular because a lot of peoplein the world likeit.Regardless of why it spreads，2 American popular cultureis usually quite rapidly adopted andthen adapted in manyother countries.___（3）。
2020年职称英语考试卫生类B级阅读(1)
2020年职称英语考试卫生类B级阅读(1) Human Heart Can Make New CellsSolving a longstanding mystery, scientists have foundthat the human heart continues to generate new cardiac cells throughout the life span, although the rate of new cell production slows with age.The finding, published in the April 3 issue of Science, could open a new path for the treatment of heart diseases such as heart failure and heart attack, experts say."We find that the beating cells in the heart, cardiomyocytes, are renewed," said lead researcher Dr. Jonas Frisen, a professor of stem cell research at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. "It has previously not been known whether we were limited to the cardiomyocytes we are born with or if they could be renewed," he said.The process of renewing these cells changes over time, Frisen added. In a 20-year-old, about 1 percent of cardiomyocytes are exchanged each year, but the turnover rate decreases with age to only 0.45 percent by age 75."If we can understand how the generation of new cardiomyocytes is regulated, it may be potentially be possible to develop pharmaceuticals that promote this process to stimulate regeneration after, for example, a heart attack," Frisen said.That could lead to treatment that helps restore damaged hearts."A lot of people suffer from chronic heart failure,"noted co-author Dr. Ratan Bhardwaj, also from the Karolinska Institute. "Chronic heart failure arises from heart cells dying," he said.With this finding, scientists are "opening the door to potential therapies to having ourselves heal ourselves," Bhardwaj said. "Maybe人体心脏可产生新细胞科学家解开了一个为时甚久的谜团，他们发现人类心脏在人的一生中持续地产生新的心肌细胞，即使新细胞产生的速度随年龄增长而放缓。
职称英语考试卫生类B级补全短文
职称英语考试卫生类B级补全短文GarlicFrom early times man has used garlic (大蒜). The Bible speaks of it. The Israelites (古以色列人) were once far from home. They cried out to Moses, their leader, for the foods they loved： leeks (韭菜), onions, and garlic. The Romans, like the Israelites, loved to eat garlic. And they hung bags of garlic around their necks. _____(1) They also thought it would keep them from getting sick.A similar idea is still held. Many people take garlic thinking it will prevent or cure disease. Most doctors say it does no such thing. _____(2) Its smell may force people to stay far apart. At least then they can't pass germs on to each other. _____(3) What if you're in a play, for instance? Actors have been known to forget their lines because they couldn't stand the garlic smell on a fellow actor's breath. Some have even made up new lines and actions that kept them far away from the one who had eaten garlic.Through the years man has tried to cope with the smell of garlic. _____(4) We now know why. It's been found that the oils of the garlic do not stick to the teeth, Garlic tongue, or gums (齿龈). They go into the lungs instead. From there they are breathed out. They pass out through the skin too.Strange as it seems, food may have a great deal of garlic in it without smelling or tasting strong. It all depends on how it is cooked. French cooks make a good soup with whole cloves (瓣) of garlic. They use more than thirty cloves in one bowl of soup. But they take care not to crush them. Andthey cook them whole. _____(5) And as the cloves cook they change in some strange way. The soup turns out to be delicious. It's not strong at all.A But no medicine, mouthwash, chewing gum, or toothpaste seems to help muchB As a result, the strong oils stay in the cloves.C They say it may help in one way, though.D Many people eat garlic.E But keeping your distance can be hard at times.F They hoped it would keep away the evil eye.补全短文46. F 47. C 48. E 49. A 50. B。
2020年职称英语真题及答案：《卫生B》补全短文
2020年职称英语真题及答案：《卫生B》补全短文以下试题为网友提供，仅供考生参考!2020年职称英语考试真题生类补全短文真题已公布(文字版)，出自2020年职称英语教材卫生类阅读判断第九篇：What Is a Dream 附译文。
What Is a Dream?For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say thatthis nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others，however， think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person’s mind and emotions.Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud1，was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a person’s wishes. He believed that dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life.The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung2 was once a student of Freud’s. Jung，however，had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. He thought people could learn moreabout themselves by thinking about their dreams. For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz，believes thatdreams are tightly linked to a person’s daily life, thoughts, and behavior. A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.Domhoff believes that there is a connection betweendreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop.He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. For example, the people in men’s dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women’s dreams.3 Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modern and traditional ones.Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. However, one thing they agree on this： If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldn’t panic. The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. It’s important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.词汇：psychologist 心理学家 psychiatrist 精神病学家Austrian 奥地利的 gender 性别注释：1.Sigmund Freud西格蒙德·弗洛伊德(1856—1939)，犹太人，奥地利精神病医生及精神分析学家。
2020年职称英语考试卫生类B级补全短文练习及答案(4)
2020年职称英语考试卫生类B级补全短文练习及答案（4）Tests Show Women Suited for Space TravelBetween 1977 and 1981,three groups of American woman,___（1）___,between the age of 35 and 65,were given month-long tests to determine how they would respond to conditions resembling those aboard the space shuttle.Though ___（2）___,the women were volunteers and the pay was barely above the minimum wage. They were not allowed ___（3）____ during the tests,and they were expected to tolerate each other‘s company at close quarters for the entire period. Among other things they had to stand pressure three times the force of gravity and carry out both physical and mental tasks __（4）__. At the end of ten days,they had to spend a further twenty days absolutely confined to bed,during which time they suffered backaches and other discomforts,and when they were finally allowed up,the more physically active women were especially subject to pains due to a slight calcium loss.Results of the tests suggest that women will have significant advantages over men in space. They need less food and les oxygen and they stand up to radiation better. Men‘s advantages __（5）__,meanwhile,are virtually wiped out by the zero-gravity condition in space.练习：A）to smoke or drink alcoholB） carefully selected from among many applicantsC） numbering 27 in allD） in terms of strength and staminaE） those who are physically strongerF） while exhausted from strenuous physical exercise 答案：C B A F D。
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2020年职称英语考试真题卫生类B级补全短文（文字
版）
2020年职称英语考试真题卫生类B级补全短文真题已公布（文字版），出自2020年职称英语教材卫生类阅读判断第九篇：What Is a Dream 附译文。
详情如下：
What Is a Dream?
For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that
this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others，however， think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person’s mind and emotions.
Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.
The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud1，was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a person’s wishes. He believed that dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life.
The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung2 was once a student of Freud’s. Jung，however，had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate
a message to the dreamer. He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams. For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.
Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz，believes that
dreams are tightly linked to a person’s daily life, thoughts, and behavior. A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.
Domhoff believes that there is a connection between
dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop.
He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. For example, the people in men’s dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women’s dreams.3 Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modern and traditional ones.
Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. However, one thing they agree on this： If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldn’t panic. The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some
terrible event will actually take place. It’s important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.
词汇：
psychologist 心理学家 psychiatrist 精神病学家
Austrian 奥地利的 gender 性别
注释：
1.Sigmund Freud西格蒙德·弗洛伊德(1856—1939)，犹太人，奥地利精神病医生及精神分析学家。
精神分析学派的创始人。
他认为被压抑的欲望绝绝大部分是属于性的，性的扰乱是精神病的根本原因。
著有《性学三论》《梦的释义》《图腾与禁忌》《日常生活的心理病理学》《精神分析引论》《精神分析引论新编》等。
2.Carl Jung：卡尔·荣格，瑞士精神分析专家，分析心理学的创始人。
3.For example, the people in men’s dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women’s dreams.例如，在男性梦境中出现的通常是其他男性而且常与打斗相关，而女性的梦境则不是这样。
译文：梦是什么
几百年来，人们都对他们梦到的奇异的事情感到疑惑。
一些心理学家认为，这种大脑的夜间活动并没有特殊含义，另一些人则认为，梦是生命重要的一部分。
实际上，很多专家认为，梦能揭示人的心理和情感活动。
近代以前，很多人认为梦传递的是上帝的信息。
直到20世纪，人们才开始从科学的角度研究梦。
奥地利心理学家西格蒙德·弗洛伊德或许是第一个用科学的方法研究梦的人。
在他的著作《梦的解析》(1900) 中，弗洛伊德写道，梦是一个人愿望的表达。
他认为梦打开了一扇窗，让人们得以表达在生活中不敢表达的情感、思想和恐惧。
瑞士精神病学家卡尔·荣格曾是弗洛伊德的学生，但他对梦的看法与弗洛伊德不同，他认为，梦的作用是给做梦的人传递一种信息，而人们通过自己的梦，能够对自己有一个更深刻的了解。
比如，如果一个人梦到从高处坠落，那么他应该反思自己是不是自视过高。
反过来，如果梦中自己成了英雄，应该想想平时可能太看低自己了。
现代心理学家还在继续发展关于梦的理论，来自位于圣克鲁兹的加利福尼亚大学的威廉· 多姆霍夫就是其中一位。
他认为，梦境和一个人的日常生活、思想和行为都紧密相关，比方说，一个罪犯就可能梦到犯罪。
多姆霍夫还认为，梦和年龄也相关系。
他的研究表明，孩子不像成人那么多梦。
他认为，做梦也是一项心理机能，也随着年龄增长而发展。
多姆霍夫还发现梦和性别之间的关系。
通过研究. 他发现男性和女性的梦境常常是不同的。
例如，在男性梦境中出现的通常是其他男性，而且常与打斗相关，而女性的梦境则不是这样。
多姆霍夫研究了全世界来自11种不同文化的古今案例，得出了上述结论。
梦能协助我们更好地了解自己吗?心理学家还在尝试通过不同方式来解答这个问题，不过，有一件事他们是意见一致的：如果你梦到有不好的事要发生，不要慌张。
梦确实有含义，但也不意味着你梦到的事真的会发生。
要记住，梦中的世界并不是真实的世界。
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