2009年3月中口第一阶段答案及解析 (1)

Spot dictationYou might think that hamburgers were invented in the United States, but that is not totally true. These round, flat cakes or patties actually came from Germany in the middle of the 19th century. They were brought to the United States by German immigrants who came from the city of Hamburg. That is why their name was Hamburger Stake.However, people in other places claim that they invented the hamburger. Perhaps we'll never have a clear answer. But there is no question that the hamburger was a great hit. Why? Perhaps because at that time, industry was growing and a kind of fast, practical and cheap food was needed for workers. The hamburger became even more popular in the 1920s when the first chain of fast food restaurants was started. This chain was called "White Castle". It served tiny hamburgers that were sold for only 5 cents each. Then, in the 1930s there came the drive-in restaurant where customers were served in their cars by waiters in uniform. And the hamburger was one of the most popular menu items.By now, the hamburger was ready to conquer the world. And this happened with McDonald's, which was actually a hot dog stand at first. But by the early 1950s the hot dog was replaced by the hamburger. McDonald's and other fast food restaurants spring up around the world throughout the rest of the 20th century. McDonald's alone has sold 12 hamburgers for every person in the world.The importance of the hamburger to U.S. culture remains significant. About 60% of all sandwiches that are eaten are hamburgers. According to some sources, 7% of current workers in the Untied States had their first job at McDonald's. But the face of the hamburger is changing according to the times. Nowadays it is possible to buy a chicken burger, a turkey burger, a fish burger or a veggie burger.Statements1. Mrs. Jones came to us at the airport. We thought she was the secretary but she turned out to be the president of the company.2. After Susan carefully explained her ideas at the board meeting last week, the directors all voted for the change she's made concerning the proposed project.3. Of the students participating in our university's research project, 73% classified themselves as freshmen and sophomores.4. Originally we had planned to buy a car by the end of last year, but then with the recent fluctuation of the crude oil prices we decided to postpone the purchase.5. Most people I know are interested in the proposed tax reform being debated in the congress because they hope it will lower taxes for them.6. If you're good at managing your own time and energy, it is very likely that you can do well both in your schoolwork and for your career7. Mr. Paul White, thank you very much for your inquiry, but I feel the position more suits a female applicant. Anyway, I will keep your name on file.8. Is this your best quote? I thought prices will be coming down now given the current situation of financial and economic crisis.9. Last month our manager took a ten-day business trip to Chicago, but he had to stay there for 3 more days as the negotiation turned out to be a tougher one.10. When our children are made confident that they are positive and competent individuals, they will adapt themselves to the changing society and successfully accomplish personal goals.Talks and ConversationsPassage one (Q11-14)W：What are you laughing about?M: I just saw the silliest advertisement on TV for German soups. It's said our products are home-made with the freshest vegetables and fruits. Then a scene in the factory showed that products were prepared and packed by the most sophisticated machinery.W: And I am sure that the word NATURAL was put on the jars and cans of the products. I think the stupidest advertisements are those that imply that you are one of a kind. If you buy the product, you will be a very special person. Now you will be just like every other one of the 20 million people who bought it.M: That's really silly. But to me, the dumbest of them all is when advertisers put a celebrity on TV to talk about a particular brand of soap or about a particular car. I bet that the celebrity's never used the product before they got the job of appearing in the commercial.W: Yeah! But most of these commercials work and people remember the product.M: I agree, here we are talking about ads we've seen, aren't we? We are all influenced by those celebrities and brand names.W: I think teenagers are specially vulnerable. Advertisers try to get teenagers used to a brand because they know that in later years, the teenagers will stick to that particular product of theirs.Question 11: What in the advertisement has made the man laugh?Question 12: When some ads imply that you are one of a kind, what does that mean?Question 13: Why does the advertiser put a celebrity on TV to talk about a particular product?Question 14: According to the woman, what will teenagers do if they are used to a brand?Passage two (Q15-18)Many of you may have heard of "jetlag", which is a condition of sleep disorders resulting from rapid travel over time zones such as on a jet plane. The symptoms of jetlag can be quite varied and may include: loss of appetite, nausea, headache, fatigue, insomnia or even mild depression. Here are few tips for you to avoid jetlag or cope if you are stricken by the condition. First adjust your biological rhythm several days before your departure. And develop a plan to start switching to the time zone of your destination. For instance, if you will be flying from New York to Paris where it is 6 hours later, get up one hour earlier for a couple of days, then two hours earlier, then three hours earlier. I would try to at least get half way to a new time zone. Turn lights on during daytime in your destination and off during the night time. Second, during the time of your adjustment and especially during the flight, drink plenty of water. If you are not a big water fan, drink some other fluid that is not high in sugar, carbonation or caffeine. Avoid junk food, salty foods, caffeine and alcohol on the plane. Of course I say that, but I always have a couple of drinks during the flight, if you do that, just be sure to drink as much water between drinks as possible. Thirdly, when you arrive in your destination, try to resist the urge to nap during day time, get outside during the daylight hours, even if it's just to sit in a café and relax. Try to get a good night's sleep for the first couple nights. The key is to reset your body's natural clock and to get enough rest. Finally when you return home, use some of the same tactics above to return to your previous time zone.Q15. What's the speaker's definition of jetlag?Q16.What's the difference of the time zones between New York and Paris?Q17.What does the speaker recommend if you do not want to drink much water during the flight?Q18. According to the speaker, what should you try to do once you arrive at the destination?Passage 3 (Q19-22)F: Come in Mr. Edison, take a seat.M: Good morning doctor.F: Now let's get a few details. Shall we? First, your age, now you're 40?M: Er, 35 actually, doctor.F: Right, 35. And your weight?M: About, 105 kilos.F: That's rather a lot for your height, don't you think?M: Yes, Well, I don't get much exercise, doctor.F: And what kind of work do you do exactly?M: I work with computers.F: So you sit most of the day, is that right?M: All day.F: Right, so tell me, do you smoke?M: Well, I used to smoke 20-30 a day, but now it's about 10.F: Emm, Have you had any illness likely?M: Nothing serious, just usual coughs and colds.F: I see. Now, let's talk about your diet. What have you eaten this morning, for example?M: I've had two fried eggs, 5 bread, toast, butter and jam, and oh, 3 cups of tea. F: Well, Mr. Edison, that isn't the best diet now, is it? What else do you normally eat?M: Beef burgers a lot, Chips.F: Dear Oh dear. And what about exercise do you have Mr. Edison? Do you play any Sports?M: Er, can't say I do really.F: Well Mr. Edison this is all rather serious. I think we have to Change a few things in your life. Firstly I recommend that you stop smoking completely. Secondly, you need to get some exercise, walk, instead of drive Mr. Edison. Join a sports club. And lastly, we must make some changes to your diet. No more fried foods, no more chips, and beef burgers, good healthy vegetables, boiled potatoes, grilled meat and fish.Q19. What does the woman say about the man's health?Q20. How many cigarettes does the man smoke each day now?Q21. What does the woman think of the man's breakfast?Q22. Which of the following can not be concluded from the conversation? Passage 4 (Q23-26)May I have your attention, ladies and gentlemen? Since the International club meets only once every semester for this special event, the first thing on our agenda is to have the secretary read the minutes of the last meeting. So when I finish this opening speech, the secretary will read the minutes of our meeting for the last semester. And then we'll go through our annual treasurer's report and decide whether it can be accepted or not.At the top of our agenda, and I'm sure in everyone's mind, is the International Display Week. It has been proposed for discussion. I was chairman of the African club, and now as chairman of the International club, I know more than anyone else the importance of such a display week.Let me explain. There are ten foreign clubs here representing the foreign students on our campus. The purpose of these clubs is, first of all, to get the students from the same countries together, so we won't get too homesick, and so we can help each other over the rough spots. And secondly, so that the American students can join the club of their interest and learn about our culture as we learn theirs.Now, about the display. Some of you old hands will have to help me out, as there was so much going on I can't remember at all. Let me see. There are the Scottish folk dance and Irish one, too. We'll team up with the folk music club and recruit anyone who can sew to help make costumes. Of course, each group will set up a booth decorated with pictures and things of interest in their respective countries, and everyone will wear his national costume.Question 23: Who is the man?Question 24: How often is the meeting held?Question 25: What is at the top of the meeting's agenda?Question 26: What is the purpose of organizing foreign clubs on campus? Passage 5 (Q27-30)F: Paul, nice to see you back from the university. How do you like your new university? I remember your mum had wanted you to go to London University so that you can live at home and walk or cycle to attend the lectures.M: Well, you know I didn't go to London University after all. My new university is on the suburbs of an ancient cathedral city and it is almost 8 miles from the city center. The university is planned on the so called American Campus System. That is to say, students live in halls of residence grouped around the main university buildings.F: You mean you live, eat and study within the university proper?M: Yes, I like it. Because we are a real community. We've got comfortable common rooms and bars. We arrange dances and parties. We've got clubs, theater groups, choirs and so on. And we've got an orchestra. I played the drums in it. By the way, how about your university days, Betty?F: I rent a house with two other girls in the middle of the city about then minutes walk from the university. The house is falling to pieces. It is damp and there is no proper heating.M: That sounds awful. I couldn't work in a place like yours. The district is poor and could almost be classed as a slum.F: I don't think so. We live among real people who treat us as real people. We've got an electrician living next door, who is always coming in and mending our cooker and electric fires. We could try to get into one of the halls of the residents. But we prefer to be independent. It's nice to belong to the city and to do things outside the university.M: What sort of things do you do outside the university?M: Well, there is a group of us who go and help in a home for handicapped children. And I think in the city bar choir we get on well with the local people, not like you in that suburban district.W: Well, I like history. And my university is one of the best universities for that subject. Besides, it is an ancient city with a lot of historical relics and sightseeing spots. If you can drop by by any chance, I can show you around.F: You bet.27. Where do the man's family live?28. What is typical of the American Campus System?29. Why did the women choose to rent a house in the city center?30. What does the man promise to do for the woman?Listening and TranslationSentence Translation:1. Please hold my telephone calls and just take a message. I can call back later.I must have a little peace and quiet to concentrate on these figures.2. This company has a registered capital of 15 million US Dollars and specializes in importing and exporting a great variety of digital products.3. Shared prices on the London market have fallen sharply today, following sharp losses on Wall Street. Shares of leading financial banks have been the worst hit.4. Good health is usually associated with exercise. But that is not the whole picture. In order to keep fit, you have to eat well, sleep well and generally feel good about yourself.5. Many young people dream of becoming top models. To become slim is what they usually desire. Therefore in order to keep their weight down, they simply avoid food.Passage Translation1. American Businessmen frequently use social situations to make business deals. One of the best examples of this practice is the business lunch. It is used to win clients to make influential contacts to discuss and settle internal disagreements and even to interview potential employees. Some companies always conduct job interviews over lunch. A business lunch usually lasts from one to two and half hours and it often takes place at a restaurant with a pleasant, quiet atmosphere conducive to private discussions.2. As the world population becomes denser, we will feel greater pressure from the expanding number of people. Some experts argue that we are approaching the limit of the number of people the earth can support adequately and they feel we should turn to compulsory birth control. Other authorities feel that if birth control is imposed on the population, the future of mankind will be seriously endangered. They think intelligent people will be more likely to have fewer children, which would bring about a lowering of the level of intelligence.Spot Dictation• 1. round, flat cakes• 2. German immigrants• 3. their name• 4. claim• 5. clear answer• 6. great hit•7. fast, practical and cheap•8. in the 1920s•9. 5 cents each•10. drive-in restaurant•11. popular menu items•12. conquer•13. hot dog stand•14. spring up•15. sold 12 hamburgers•16. US culture•17. 60%•18. 7%•19. according to the times•20. a fish burger Statements1-5 ACBDB6-10 ACDDBTalks and Conversations11-14 BADC15-18 DACC19-22 ABDB23-26 BCDA27-30 BACDSentence Translation• 1. 请不要挂断，先留个言，我一会儿会打回过去。