2017-2018高三上期期末模拟(2)
2017-2018高三上学期期末考试地理模拟训练二(含解析)
2017-2018高三上学期末考试地理模拟训练二（12.26）下图为2017年3月18日8时-19日8时全国最高气温预报图。
读图完成下面1-2题。
1. 该时段，长江中下游大部分地区与华北地区最高气温差异较大，影响的主要因素是（）A. 纬度位置B. 白昼时长C. 天气系统D. 海陆位置2. 下列地区中，此时节最可能出现旱情的是（）A. 华北地区B. 长江中下游地区C. 青藏地区D. 南部沿海2017年9月29日兰渝铁路全线通车。
乘车从兰州到重庆，可看到沿途植被景观变化明显。
下图为兰渝铁路示意图。
读图完成下面3-4题。
3. 从兰州到重庆，途中看到秦岭南北自然植被类型差异明显，造成这种差异的主导因素是（）A. 地形B. 土壤C. 水分D. 热量4. 修建铁路北段时，适合保护生态的措施是（）A. 邻近城镇设置隔音屏障B. 设立栅栏阻止动物穿越C. 铁路多处采用桥梁或隧道D. 路基两侧种植常绿阔叶树5. 历史上，苏州人利用当地砚瓦山的岩石做原料生产优质砚台。
这种岩石岩性致密，呈薄板状。
该岩石可能是（）A. 喷出岩B. 侵入岩C. 沉积岩D. 变质岩2016年6月16日正式开园的上海迪士尼乐园，是中国内地首座迪士尼主题乐园，不但融入了中国风，还配置了很多自动化的服务设施。
例如，某些墙面饰有中国12生肖的马赛克壁画；在花车巡游沿线的路灯内设置了探测装置，可以根据巡游队伍表演节目的变化自动选择播放合适的音乐。
据此回答6-7题。
6. 这表明商业服务会越来越考虑（）A. 客户的消费能力B. 地域的文化元素C. 服务的专业水平D. 地区的自然资源7. 资料中反映未来的商业服务中某些因素可能越来越重要，这些因素包括（）①员工素质②科学技术③资本投入④客户需求A. ①③B. ①④C. ②③D. ②④二十四节气是我国独有的农业物候历，是我国优秀传统文化之一，立冬之后，冬至之前，是小雪、大雪节气。
据此回答8-10题。
8. 地球绕太阳一周为360°，以春分日地球在黄道上的位置为0°，则大雪日地球在黄道上的位置约为（）A. 75°B. 165°C. 255°D. 345°9. 从小雪到大雪，可能发生的现象是（）A. 哈尔滨在此期间昼短夜长且昼在变长B. 漠河的正午太阳高度达到全年最低C. 澳大利亚北部地区在此期间吹西北风D. 北京人日落时影子长长得拖向东南10. “小雪雪满天，来年必丰年。
2017——2018学年上学期期末考试高三试题试卷分析
2017——2018学年上学期期末考试高三试题试卷分析23（1）试题分析：本小题考查内蒙古高原东部草原曲流分布较较多的自然原因，从试题设问来看，关键词是“推测”、“草原”、“分布较多”和“自然原因”，解答此题时必须都顾及到。
从试题给的文字材料信息看，河流曲流大多发育在地表相对平坦、物质软硬适度的区域，关键信息是“地表相对平坦、物质软硬适度”，答案必须与之相呼应。
此外，景观图“分布在内蒙古高原东部草原上的曲流”，也直接显示了草原的平坦广阔和曲流的弯曲形态这些信息，对答案的组织具有一定的提示作用。
本题考查学生提取图文有效信息的能力，以及抓住关键词解答问题的能力，难度较大。
评分细则：（1）高原地形平坦开阔，河流落差小，河流在侧蚀和堆积作用下易形成曲流（须同时出现地形平坦开阔，侧蚀或侵蚀才可得2分）；（2）地处草原，地面物质软硬适度，利于曲流形成和保存；（3）草原土壤多植物根系固结，河岸抗侧蚀能力强，曲流形成后能够得到长时期保留。
（可从三个要点中任答两个即可得4分）错因分析：（1）不能依据图文信息组织逻辑严密的答案而失分。
如许多学生只是照抄材料中的“地表相对平坦”、“物质软硬适度”作为答案要点，没有分析过程，没有因果关系，不得分。
（2）用数码进行排序，将因果关系人为割裂，答案要点很多，只是罗列要点，不符合答案要求，不得分。
（3）没有提取图文材料和设问反复提及的“草原”这一关键信息，答不出“草原土壤多植物根系固结，河岸抗侧蚀能力强”而丢分。
备考建议：（1）建议今后教学一定要注意培养学生提取图文有效信息的能力和组织答案的能力，不能罗列答案，要使答案具有逻辑性；（2）尽量让学生在书写时避免答案的序号化。
23（2）标准答案：太行山区在地质史上地形平缓，河流形成曲流（2分）；后来，地壳缓慢抬升形成太行山，河流落差不断加大，河流不断下切侵蚀形成峡谷，原来的曲流形态保留在峡谷中（4分）评分标准制定：本题分共6分，分三个要点采分，每个要点2分。
2017-2018学年度高三期末考试英语试卷
2017-2018学年度高三期末考试英语试卷第二部分: 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）ADoing voluntary work abroad is a great way for you to learn about service learning and know better about the world and different cultures. Visit our website for further details.Global Vision InternationalExperience everything in our adventure when you join us in a team of international volunteers under 18. Assist with the projects that will benefit poor children's development and education. Discover the area' s splendid beaches, explore beautiful jungles and immerse (沉浸) yourself in the friendly local culture.Email: info@Website: www.V olunter and Adventure Experience in Costa Broadreach Summer AdventuresSince 1993, Broadreach has taken over 12,000 students on their worldwide summer adventure volunteer programs for middle school, high school students. Their 75+ program offerings include marine biology, sailing, medicine, culture, arts, community service and leadership adventures. Programs are located in 40+ countries.Email: info@Website: Cross-Cultural SolutionsCCS teen summer service trips are for high school students aged 15- 17. The High School V olunteer Abroad program offers you an awesome opportunity to volunteer side-by-side with local people. You can also meet new friends on a teens—only group volunteering project in Costa Rica, India, Peru, Ghana, and so on. You' ll participate in many cultural activities during the week and on weekends.Email: info@Website: United PlanetUnited Planet offers volunteer abroad programs in four destinations for those under 18. V olunteers may work in nursing home, Community Service Stations or in environmental conservation projects. Destinations include Romania, Peru, Mcuador and Chile. Candidates 16 years and older can apply.Email: quest@Website: 21. To help poor children learn, you can send an e-mail to .A. info@gviworld .comB. info@C. info@D. quest@22. If you join Broadreach Summer Adventures, you’ll.A. travel around the world with 12,000 studentsB. learn how to build a house on your ownC. experience adventures with your guideD. get to know something about medicine23. What can you do in Cross-Cultural Solutions?A. Explore beautiful sights.B. Know more about sea life.C. Do volunteer work with local people.D. Have the opportunity to visit four destinations.24. Who may have great interest in the four programs?A. Teens who want volunteer abroad.B. People who want to work abroad.C. Teens who want to study abroad.D. People who want to travel abroad.BMy relationship with my dad had been not good for a while—right around the time I started noticing he was drinking too much. Then my parents got divorced. When he was drunk, instead of taking care of me, I had to take care of him. Although there were some bad moments, he was a good father.Seven years ago, my dad told me he had joined an AA-meeting(戒酒会). Once he asked if I wanted to go along with him to it. It had never occurred to me that he needed someone's support.I didn't know much about AA. I'd only seen scenes in films, in which people sit together in a circle and tell their stories. Some say it's overly religious and that there’s no science behind the treatment. But I'd never had any direct experience with it. Curious about it, I accepted his invitation. As it turned out, I was the only family member there. Everyone got the chance to speak; while all stories were unique, they carried some common themes: a thirst for what you know you can’t have, the struggle following a relapse(复发), guilt, shame and sadness. I clearly remember having the lump in my throat after hearing everyone' s most private stories, including my dad's. I felt so many emotions at once.My dad is about to celebrate 15 years of being sober(清醒的). These days, he also acts as a volunteer for other members. We’re both so much better off than when he was at his worst. AA isn't for everyone, but in our case, I like to focus or the fact that without my dad getting help that way, he might still have been a stranger to me.25. What can we learn from the first paragraph?A. The author didn't love her dad.B. The author didn't want to take care of her dad.C. The author's dad didn't quit drinking until divorce.D. The author's dad's drinking problem did harm to his family.26. Why did the author's dad ask her to go to the AA-meeting with him?A. He needed support from her.B. He wanted to tell stories to her.C. He wanted to get better treatment.D. He felt nervous being with other people27. What does the author mean by saying "having the lump in my throat"?A. She was proud of her dad.B. She was sick of their stories.C. She was moved by their stories.D. She was disappointed with her dad.28. What does the last paragraph imply?A. It is helpful to share stories with others.B. It took the author's dad 15 years to quit drinking.C. The author advises people to seek help from an AA-meetingD. The AA-meeting helped improve the author's relationship with her dad.CI' m sure we've all done something a little dishonest in our lives—maybe copying someone's work, or being given too much change in a shop and keeping quiet about it. Or maybe I' m wrong—maybe you’re a good, upstanding citizen who believes that honesty is the best policy.We may agree that admitting our mistakes and behaving in a genuine and decent way is the right way to lead our lives but is there something in our human nature that makes us unscrupulous? For example, in some shops and car parks you can find anhonesty box—a box where you pay for something by putting money in it. But it does provide a temptation(诱惑) to get away with not paying the full amount.Philip Graves,' a psychologist, suggests that this temptation is part of our evolution. He says: we have evolved with the ability to be dishonest. It' s part of our evolutionary psychological make up—because if we can gain an advantage over the people around us, we have a greater chance of surviving.So why do we place such importance on being honest if we benefit from being dishonest? It's because it is selfish behavior. If everybody acted selfishly and dishonestly all the time, the world would be a very unpleasant place. So, for societies to work together we need to trust each other and therefore we need to be honest.Being trustworthy with money is of course extremely important for an economy to survive and there are laws toprotect us from dishonest practices. But being honest with words is another matter; saying what we think to someone can be embarrassing. Is honest always the best policy?29. Which of the underlined words is similar to "dishonest" in meaning?A. upstanding(P1)B. decent (P2)C. unscrupulous(P2)D. trustworthy(P5)30. If there is an honesty box in a shop, what should a customer do?A. Take some money out if in need.B. Donate some money to the charities.C. Get away without paying the right amount.D. Put in the amount of money one should pay for his buying.31. What can we learn according to Philip Graves?A. Men are born to be dishonest.B. One will be criticized if he is dishonest.C. Dishonesty is of some benefit to survival.D. Breaking the balance is kind of dishonesty.32. The author may NOT agree that .A. Honesty is based on working together.B. Not all social members accept dishonesty.C. Dishonest economic behaviors will be punished.D. Being dishonest with words sometimes is acceptable.DTake a quick tipple (酒) and you could find yourself speaking a second language more naturally, according to new research.The foreign language skills of participants in the study were found to be improved after a drink of alcohol, which suggests the way alcohol can put us at ease outweighs the negative effects on our brain—at least for the first drink, anyway. It could reveal some interesting facts about the anxiety associated with speaking another language,and how alcohol can help us overcome it.The study involved 50 native German speakers studying Dutch at a Dutch university, who had recently learned to speak, read, and write in the new language. Participants were either given alcohol or water. The amount of alcohol varied based on body size, but was the equal to 5 percent beer for a 70kg male. They then chatted to a researcher for five minutes, assessed by two native Dutch speakers who weren't told whether they consumed alcohol. Those people who had been given the alcoholic drink were given better ratings by the observers, especially for their pronunciation.So what' s going on? We know that alcohol has 'a negative effect on our brain's executive functioning, including our memory and our attention. However, we also know that alcohol improves confidence and reduces social anxiety. "One possible reason could be that," says one of the researchers. "But more research is needed to test this.""It is important to point out that participants in this study consumed a small amount of alcohol," adds one of the team." Higher levels of alcohol consumption might not have beneficial effects on the pronunciation of a foreign language."33. What’s the passage mainly about?A. A right amount of alcohol can easily remove one’s anxiety.B. Alcohol do es harm to one’s skills in learning a second language.C. Speaking a foreign language gets easier after having a quick drink.D. Whether alcohol can help learn a foreign language remains to be seen.34.Which of the following caused alcohol drinkers to get better ratings in the experiment?A. The brain's executive function.B. The anxiety-reducing effect of alcohol.C. The skills of speaking a foreign language.D. Alcohol's role in improving one's memory.35. This text is most probably taken from .A. a science magazineB. a personal diaryC. an advertisementD. an information leaflet第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）Here are some of my favorite ways to have a productive day by starting a day with the right habits. Have an amazing breakfast. Having a healthy breakfast can help keep you feeling energetic. 36 In this way, you can have a relaxing breakfast which can help set you up for success all day long.37 I believe it' s very important to plan out your day. It works best for me to take a few minutes at the end of every day to write out my plan for the next day. When I have a plan for my day," it helps me get started on my goals and priorities (优先考虑的事) immediately the next morning.Turn off distractions. Do you get out of bed and immediately start surfing online, listen to your voice mails, or check your email? 38 I turn off distractions and 'start my day focused on my goals.Choose someone to help keep you' responsible. 39 Even if your partner has different interests and goals, you can both help encourage each other to stay on task, and set up times to check in with each other to report that you’ve complete d your daily or weekly goals.Spend time each day working on a big goal. 40 Even if it just takes you a few minutes to start, it will gradually add up to great progress over time. Also, when you take little steps every day toward your long-term goal, your confidence will grow with the small progress you experience.A. Plan your day in advance.B. Start your day with a good plan.C. I' m used to that, which is most important for me.D. It doesn't have to be someone with the same goals as you.E. Set aside time to work toward a big long-term goal you have.F. Do everything you can in advance, so you car avoid having a rush in the morning.G. I used to do that, but now I have made some big changes in my morning routine.第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)It’s that time of year when people need to lock their cars. It's not because there are many 41 around stealing cars. It's because 42 neighbors who want to share their harvest. Leaving a car unlocked is an 43for someone to fill it with zucchini(西葫芦).My sister-in-law, Sharon, recently had a good year for tomatoes. She and her family had 44 so many that they'd begun to feel their skin turn 45 red. That's when she decided it. That’s when she decided it was time to share her 46 . She told everyone," feel free to take 47 you want." Later that day, Sharon found taut her garden had indeed been harvested. She felt delighted that the food wasn't48 .A few days later, Sharon 49 the door. There was a neighbor, holding a hot loaf of some kind of sweet bread. The neighbor smiled pleasantly, "I want to thank you for all of the 50 , and I have to 51 that I look a few other things and hoped you wouldn't mind."Sharon couldn’t think of anything else in her garden that had been 52 ___harvesting, but the neighbor 53 that there really were bright-green zucchini. Sharon’s 54 got the better of her and she wanted to see where the zucchini had grown. The two walked into the backyard. When the neighbor 55 the long green vegetables, Sharon smiled." Well, 56 those are cucumbers that we never harvested, because they got too big, soft and 57 for eating."The neighbor looked at Sharon, shock written 58 her face. She then held out the bread, part of a batch（批）she had 59 all over the neighborhood. "I bought you a nice loaf of cucumber bread, in 60 that you like it." 41. A. neighbors B. criminals C. children D. farmers42. A. greedy B. energetic C. intelligent D. goodhearted43. A. accident B. invitation C. event D. invention44. A. eaten B. planted C. sold D. stored45. A. extremely B. badly C. slightly D. merely46. A. sorrows B. secrets C. blessings D. stories47. A. whatever B. wherever C. whoever D. whenever48. A. remained B. damaged C. saved D. wasted49. A. pushed B. greeted C. replied D. answered50. A. zucchini B. cucumbers C. tomatoes D. potatoes51. A. admit B. promise C. explain D. deny52. A. valuable B. worth C. precious D. worthy53. A. insisted B. suggested C. demanded D. announced54. A. anxiety B. emotion C. curiosity D. fear55. A. glared at B. pointed at C. laughed at D. aimed at56. A. naturally B. eventually C. truly D. actually57. A. smelly B. fresh C. bitter D. sweet58. A. across B. through C. in D. along59. A. baked B. cooked C. kept D. shared60. A. doubts B. hopes C. dreams D. worries第三部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）61 (Australia) have been encouraged to eat more kangaroo meat as a way ofcontrolling the population, ____62 is nearing 50 million63 government figures from 2016 show is that there were almost 45 million kangaroos, nearly double the human population of Australia.In 2010, there 64 (be) around 27 million, with the huge rise in numbers 65 (consider)to be due to environment factors, with high rainfall resulting in more food for the kangaroos.Experts are now encouraging Australians 66 (hunt) the kangaroos in order to reduce 67 (they) numbers. They warn a large kangaroo population could cause 68 threat to biodiversity. "It’s not the kangaroos’ fault. It’s probably we’ve just been 69 lazy to take measures on them, to remove them out of the systemsooner, to actually prevent the damage 70 being caused."第四部分写作( 共两节，满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题; 每小题1分，满分10分)On-line voting becomes increasing popular. Many competitions get people involving in it. It is beneficial to some people, but it puts the others into a dilemma over if to vote or not. In my opinion, on-line voting should be welcomed, since it is just a way to participate public life. It is similar to ordinary voting events, which candidates go around to seek vote. In addition, the Internet make voting easy and convenient, regardless of time and space.Things will turn much good if we can work out some rules for people to obey. Therefore, I hold a positive attitude of it.第二节：书面表达(25分)近期投放到地铁站点、公交站点等公共服务区的共享单车给人们带来了很大便利，同时缓解了交通压力。
2017-2018学年高三英语(上)期末模拟试卷(解析版).doc
2017-2018学年高三英语（上）期末模拟试卷（解析版）一、听力题（略）二、单项选择（共16小题，每小题0.5分，满分8分）2．It is such an interesting book ________ we all like．（）A．that B．which C．as D．what3．I prefer a flat in Inverness to ________ in Perth，as I want to live near my mum's．（）A．it B．one C．that D．which4．________ I admit that there are problems，I don't agree that they cannot be solved．（）A．When B．Because C．If D．While5．Where was ________ the first meeting of the Chinese Communist Party was held？（）A．the place that B．it thatC．that D．what6．The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant ______ in his place but，luckily，everything was going on smoothly．（）A．was to give B．would give C．had given D．was giving7．If you ________ the medicine yesterday，you ________ well now．（）A．took，might beB．had taken，might have beenC．had taken，might beD．took，might have been8．Hardly ________ when she ________ someone knocking at the door．（）A．did she sit，heard B．did she sit，had heardC．had she sat，had heard D．had she sat，heard9．The boy went ________ in the forest and saved the lost child，so he was ________ praised for his courage．（）A．deeply，highly B．deep，highC．deep，highly D．deeply，high10．﹣________ of us think the English examination was difficult．﹣But I still don't think ________ could pass it．（）A．All，everybody B．None，anybodyC．All，anybody D．None，everybody11．I know nothing about the young lady ________ she is from Beijing．（）A．except that B．besides C．except for D．except12．These rules ________ new members only．（）A．are applied to B．apply forC．apply to D．are applied for13．Let me take down ________ you've said ________ I forget．（）A．that，when B．what，before C．which，before D．what，when 14．This book contains a ________ of several articles in nuclear physics so you can read it before you read the book in detail．（）A．digest B．digestion C．preview D．manual15．He loved ______ that the product was out of stock．（）A．when he was told B．it to be toldC．that he was told D．it when he was told16．He had been struggling for many years and finally ________ his fantasies．（）A．lived up B．lived onC．lived through D．lived out17．I ________ my homework for four hours，but I am not sure whether Ican hand it in tomorrow．（）A．have done B．have been doingC．had been doing D．had done三、阅读理解（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共4小题，每小题6分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
2017-2018年高三第二次模拟考试理科综合试题及答案
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将室温 ( 饲养的某种体 温 为 ３ 甲) 放入４ 结果发现该 ３． ２ ５ħ ) ７ħ 的 哺 乳 动 物 ( １ħ 环 境 中 １ h, 动物甲维持体温所需热量主要来自细胞呼吸 A． 动物的静卧行为明显减少 , 焦虑不安行为明显增加 . 下列分析不正确的是
一㊁ 选择题 ( 本题包括 １ 每小题 ６ 分 , 共７ 在每小题给出的四个选项中 , 只有一项 ３ 小题 , ８分, 下列叙述正确的是 １．
胰岛素合成过程中遗传信息双向传递 B． 生长素在芽 ㊁ 幼叶中进行非极性运输 C． 细胞中的线粒体可定向运动到代谢旺盛部位 D． 发生质壁分离的细胞滴加清水后复原 A．
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叶绿体中的 F ４． P 合成酶是由一个跨 膜 的 H＋ 通 道 F ０ －F １AT ０ 和位于基质侧的 F １ 两个亚 F P 的合成 . 下列叙述正确的是 １ 上 AT 基组成 .H２O 分解成的 H＋ 通 过 F 释放的能量可驱动 ０ 顺 浓 度 梯 度 运 动 到 叶 绿 体 基 质,
2017-2018学年度高三上学期第二次模拟考试
2017-2018学年度高三上学期第二次模拟考试第一部分：听力(20小题，每小题1.5分，共30分)第一节听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What does the woman think of cloning?A. It has no side effect at all.B. It should be strictly forbidden.C. It may cause trouble for humans.2.What’s the possible relationship between the two speakers?A. Friends.B. Husband and wife.C. Teacher and student.3.What do they hope to do?A. Stop cigarette production.B. Advise people not to smoke.C. Stop young people smoking.4.What teacher are they talking about?A. Their Chinese teacher.B. Their history teacher.C. Their politics teacher.5.What does the man think the weather will be like in April?A. Cool.B. Hot.C. Windy.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
2017-2018学年高三英语期末试题和答案
2017-2018学年度第一学期期末考试试题高三年级英语学科试卷（考试时间100分钟满分120分)本试卷共10页。
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分, 共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：It’s so nice to hear from her again. _____,we last met more than thirty years ago.A. What’s moreB. That’s to sayC. In other wordsD. Believe it or not答案是D。
1.These fresh vegetables are easy to rot so you ______eat them within two days.A.mightB. shouldC. canD. would2. ______ the pictures on the screen more clearly, they moved to the front row.A. To watchB. WatchingC. WatchedD. Having watched3. He missed the worst of the traffic this morning, ______ he set out before 6 o’clock.A. butB. soC. forD. or4. ––Did you have to do much for the dinner party?––No, Tina ______ everything by the time I got home.A. has finishedB. had finishedC. would finishD. will finish5. Two blocks beyond the school is a field ______ we often played football during childhood.A. whoB. whichC. whenD. where6. My parents graduated from this university; that’s ______I insisted on applying for it.A. whichB. whyC. whatD. where7.––Why are you buying a new refrigerator?––The old one ______ so many times that it’s not worth it any more.A. has repairedB. is repairedC. has been repairedD. has been repairing8. A child should be receiving either meat or eggs daily, preferably ______.A. neitherB. noneC. eitherD. both9. ––Can I give you a call on Saturday morning?––I think I ______ to the mountains, so call me on my cell phone.A.driveB. am drivingC. will driveD. will be driving10.What will you do if the people ______ at the back of the hall have trouble hearing the speech?A. sittingB. sitC. satD. to sit11. Having a hobby is good for you. It doesn’t matter what it is _____ it drives you forward.A. a s long asB. thoughC. unlessD. in order that12. ______ the characters leave unsaid is often more important than what they put into words.A. ThatB. WhenC. WhatD. How13.––My car is making a really strange noise.––You’d better get it ______ before you drive to Denver.A.looking atB. looked atC.to look atD. being looked at14. I wish I ______ your advice then. In that case things might not be so bad.A. have takenB. tookC. had takenD. would have taken15. W hat’s touching about being a volunteer is seeing _____ helping brings out the best in people.A. whatB. whetherC. whyD. how第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
2017-2018学年上学期高三期末考试仿真卷(A卷)物理(学生版)
2017-2018学年上学期高三年级期末考试仿真测试卷物 理 （A ）注意事项：1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
一、选择题(本题共8小题，每小题6分，共48分，1～5题每题只有一个正确答案，6～8题有多个选项正确，全部选对得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分)1．以下有关物理学概念或物理学史的说法正确的是( )A ．牛顿发现了万有引力定律，卡文迪许用实验方法测出引力常量的数值，从而使万有引力定律有了真正的实用价值B ．匀速圆周运动是速度大小不变的匀变速曲线运动，速度方向始终为切线方向C ．行星绕恒星运动轨道为圆形，则它运动的周期的平方与轨道半径的三次方之比为常数，此常数的大小与恒星的质量和行星的速度均有关D ．奥斯特发现了电与磁之间的关系，即电流的周围存在着磁场；同时他通过实验发现了磁也能产生电，即电磁感应现象2．某卫星在半径为r 的轨道1上做圆周运动，动能为E 1，变轨到轨道2上后，动能比在轨道1上减小了ΔE ，在轨道2上也做圆周运动，则轨道2的半径为( )A.E 1E 1－ΔE r B.E 1ΔE r C.ΔE E 1－ΔEr D.E 1－ΔE ΔEr3．两根长度不同的细线下面分别悬挂两个小球，细线上端固定在同一点，若两个小球以相同的角速度，绕共同的竖直轴在水平面内做匀速圆周运动，则两个摆球在运动过程中，相对位置关系示意图正确的是()4．如图所示，在加速向左运动的车厢中，一人用力向前推车厢(人与车厢始终保持相对静止)，则下列说法正确的是()A ．人对车厢做正功B ．人对车厢做负功C ．人对车厢不做功D ．无法确定人对车厢是否做功5．电子束焊接机中的电场线如图中虚线所示。
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d3 乙
A、C、E 到 O 点的距离分别为 d1=9.51cm
、
甲
d2=15.71cm
、
d3=23.47cm。重物质量为 0.5 kg，当地重力加速度 g=9.80 m/s2。现选取重物在 OC 段的运动
进行数据处理，则 OC 段重力势能减少量为___J，动能增加量为___J（计算结果均保留两位 ．． 有效数字 ） 。 ．．．． （2）如果测得纸带上第一个和第二个打点间的距离大约是 6 mm，出现这种情况可能的 原因是__________。 A．重锤的质量过大 B．电源电压偏大 C．先释放纸带后接通打点计时器 D．打点计时器没有竖直固定 10．（9 分） 一同学设计了如图（a）所示的实物 电路测量电流表 G1 的内阻 r1。可供选择的 器材如下： 待测电流表 G1：量程为 0~5 mA，内阻 约为 300 Ω 电流表 G2：量程为 0~10 mA，内阻约 为 40 Ω 滑动变阻器 R1：阻值范围为 0~1000 Ω 滑动变阻器 R2：阻值范围为 0~20 Ω 定值电阻 R3：阻值为 40 Ω 定值电阻 R4：阻值为 200 Ω 定值电阻 R5：阻值为 2000 Ω 干电池 E：电动势约为 1.5 V，内阻很小可忽略 开关 S 及导线若干 （1）滑动变阻器 R 应选_______，定值电阻 R0 应选_______。 （填写器材后面的代号） （2）实验步骤如下：
h E
θ
O
D
Ⅱ C B
Ⅰ A
D、C 两点的高度差 h=0.1m，整个轨道绝缘，处于方向水平向左、场强未知的匀强电场中。
一个质量 m1=0.4 kg、带正电、电荷量未知的小物块Ⅰ在 A 点由静止释放，经过时间 t=1 s， 与静止在 B 点的不带电、质量 m2=0.6 kg 小物块Ⅱ碰撞并粘在一起在 BC 段上做匀速直线运 动， 到达倾斜段 DP 上某位置。 物块Ⅰ和Ⅱ与轨道 BC 段的动摩擦因数µ=0.2。 g=10m/s ， sin37° =0.6，cos37°=0.8。求： （1）物块Ⅰ和Ⅱ在 BC 段上做匀速直线运动的速度大小； （2）物块Ⅰ和Ⅱ第一次经过 C 点时，圆弧段轨道对物块Ⅰ和Ⅱ支持力的大小。
7
戴氏教育 2017-2018 学年度上期期末模拟试卷
参考答案
二、选择题：本大题共 8 小题，每小题 6 分。在每小题给出的四个选项中，第 14~18 题只 有一项是符合题目要求，第 19~21 题有多项符合题目要求。全部选对的得 6 分，选对但不 全的得 3 分。有选错的得 0 分。 14. B 15. A 16. C 17. C 18. D 19. AD 20. BC 21. BD
0.5 O –0.5 甲 3 6 9 12 15 x/m 0.5 O –0.5 乙 2 4 6 8 10 t/s
y/m
A．该波沿+x 方向传播，波速为 1.5 m/s B．从 t=4 s 到 t=6 s，质点 a 通过的路程为 0.5 m C．t=7 s 时，质点 a 离开平衡位置的位移为 0.25 m D．t=9 s 时，x=9 m 和 x=15 m 处两质点离开平衡位置的位移大小相等 E．质点 b 做简谐运动的表达式为 y 0.5 sin
戴氏教育 2017-2018 学年度上期期末模拟试卷
高三物理
总分：100 分 时间：90 分钟 1．我国用长征二号 FY11 运载火箭将“神舟十一号”飞船送入预定转移轨道。关于火箭 发射，下列说法正确的是 A．火箭刚离开发射架时，火箭处于失重状态 B．火箭刚离开发射架时，火箭处于超重状态 C．火箭发射时，喷出的高速气流对火箭的作用力大于火箭对气流的作用力 D．火箭发射时，喷出的高速气流对火箭的作用力小于火箭对气流的作用力 2． 科学家宣布找到了一颗人类 “宜居” 行星， 它是离太阳最近的恒星——比邻星 （Proxima Centauri）的行星。若这颗“宜居”行星质量为地球的 a 倍，半径为地球的 b 倍。设该行星 的卫星的最小周期为 T1，地球的卫星的最小周期为 T2，则 T1 / T2 A．
3 图（a） O 图（b） I1 I2
① 按电路图连接电路，应将滑动变阻器滑片 P 调到______（选填“左端” 、 “中间” 、 “右 端” ） ② 闭合开关 S，移动滑片 P 至某一位置，记录 G1 和 G2 的读数，分别记为 I1 和 I2； ③ 改变滑片 P 位置，记录各次 G1 和 G2 的读数 I1 和 I2，得到多组 I1 和 I2； ④ 以 I2 为纵坐标，I1 为横坐标，建立坐标系，描点作图得到了如图（b）所示的图线。 ⑤ 利用求得的 I2－I1 图线的斜率 k 和已知的定值电阻 R0，计算待测电流表 G1 内阻的表 达式为 r1 =_______（用 k、R0 表示） 。 （3）如果实验室只有电动势约为 6 V 电源，要求利用本题提供的实验器材，仍然在图 （a）所示电路图的基础上完成本实验，改进办法是：________________________。 11．（12 分） 如图所示，轨道 ABCDP 位于竖直平面内，其中 圆弧段 CD 与水平段 AC 及倾斜段 DP 分别相切于 C P 点和 D 点，水平段 AB、圆弧段 CD 和倾斜段 DP 都光 滑， 水平段 BC 粗糙， DP 段与水平面的夹角θ=37°，
2
4
12． （20 分） 如图所示，光滑水平面上固定竖直挡板 MN，放有长木 板 P， P 左端与 MN 间距离为 d， P 右端放置小物块 K， P、 K 的质量均为 m，P 与 K 间的动摩擦因数为µ。现给小物
N M d P F K
块 K 持续施加水平向左的恒定外力，其大小等于 P 与 K 间的滑动摩擦力的二分之一，P、K 一起向左运动，直到 P 与竖直挡板 MN 相碰，碰撞的时间极短，碰撞前后瞬间 P 的速度大小 相等，方向相反，小物块 K 始终在长木板 P 上。重力加速度为 g。 （1）经过多长时间长木板 P 与竖直挡板 MN 发生第一次碰撞； （2） 从外力作用在小物块 K 到长木板 P 第一次与竖直挡板 MN 碰撞后向右运动到最远的 过程，求 P、K 间因摩擦产生的热量； （3）为使小物块 K 不与竖直挡板 MN 碰撞，求木板 P 长度的最小值。
t m 4
6
（2）（10 分） 一高度为 d 的圆柱形玻璃，侧面贴有黑色膜，圆横截下表面贴有一半径为
d 的圆形发 4
光面， 圆形发光面的圆心与圆横截下表面圆心重合， 圆柱形玻璃整个圆横截上表面有光射出。 已知圆形发光面发出的单色光频率为 f，在真空中的速度为 c，对圆柱形玻璃折射率为 2 。 求： ① 该光在玻璃中的波长λ； ② 圆柱形的圆横截面的最大半径 R。
P a R b R1 V E,r A2 A1 R2 S
1
5．如图所示，大型物流货场传送带倾斜放置，与水平面的夹角保持不变。传送带可向 上匀速运动，也可向上加速运动；货箱 M 与传送带间保持相对静止，设受传送带的摩擦力为
f。则
A．传送带加速运动时，f 的方向可能平行传送带向下 B．传送带匀速运动时，不同质量的货箱，f 相等 C．相同的货箱，传送带匀速运动的速度越大，f 越大 D．相同的货箱，传送带加速运动的加速度越大，f 越大 6．一带有乒乓球发射机的乒乓球台如图所示，发射机安装于台面左侧边缘的中点，能 以不同速率向右侧不同方向水平发射相同的乒乓球。 乒乓球 1 落到球网右侧台面边缘上的中 点，乒乓球 2 落到球网右侧台面边缘上靠近中点的某点。不计空气阻力。则 A．自发射到落台，乒乓球 1 与 2 的飞行时间相等 B．乒乓球 1 的发射速度大于乒乓球 2 的发射速度 C．落台时，乒乓球 1 的速度大于乒乓球 2 的速度 D．落台时，乒乓球 1 与 2 的重力做功的功率相等 7．一个物块从斜面底端冲上足够长的斜面后，返回到斜面底端。已知小物块冲上斜面 的初动能为 E，它返回斜面底端的速度大小为 v，克服摩擦阻力做功为 斜面的初动能变为 3E，则 A．返回斜面底端时动能为
1 2 发射点
球网
1 E 。若小物块冲上 4
3 E 4
B．返回斜面底端时速度大小为 3 C．从出发到返回斜面底端，克服摩擦阻力做功为 D．从出发到返回斜面底端，机械能减少
3 E 8
3 E 4
8．如图甲所示，两平行金属板 A、B 放在真空中，间距为 d，P 点在 A、B 板间，A 板接 地，B 板的电势φ随时间 t 变化情况如图乙所示。t=0 时，在 P 点由静止释放一质量为 m、 电荷量为 e 的电子，当 t=2T 时，电子回到 P 点。电子运动中没与极板相碰，不计重力。则 A．φ1︰φ2 = 1︰2 B．φ1︰φ2 = 1︰3 C．在 0~2T 内，当 t T 时电子的电势能最小
b3 a
B．
a3 b
C． b
3
D． ab
3
3．在 2016 年 11 月初的珠海航展上，我国展出了国产四代战机——歼20 等最先进飞 机。假设航展飞行表演中，两架完全相同的歼20 飞机甲、乙在两条平行平直跑道上同向滑 行，在 0～t2 时间内的 v—t 图像如图所示，则 A．在 t1 时刻，两飞机沿跑道方向相距最远 B．在 t1 时刻，两飞机发动机输出功率相等 C．0～t2，飞机甲的平均速度大于飞机乙的平均速度 D．0～t2，合外力对飞机甲做的功大于合外力对飞机乙做的功 4．如图所示的电路中，E 为电源电动势，r 为电源内阻，R1 和 R2 为定值电阻，R 为滑动变阻器。当 R 的滑片 P 在某一位置时，闭合开 关 S，电压表的读数为 U=1.00 V，电流表 A1 的读数 I1=0.80A，电流表 A2 的读数为 I2=1.20A。现将 R 的滑片 P 继续向 b 端移动过程中，三个 电表可能得到的读数是 A． U =0.70 V ， I 1 =0.60A ， I 2 =1.30A B． U =0.80 V ， I 1 =0.60A ， I 2 =1.40A C． U =0.90 V ， I 1 =0.70A ， I 2 =1.40A D． U =1.10 V ， I 1 =0.70A ， I 2 =1.50A