岩土工程中英文词汇对照
岩土工程专业英语词汇English for Geotechnical Engineering之三
岩土工程专业英语词汇English for Geotechnical EngineeringVII. 深基础--deep foundation1.pile foundation桩基础1)cast –in-place灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4)steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile钢管桩steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile端承桩6.shaft竖井；桩身7.wave equation analysis波动方程分析8.pile caps承台（桩帽）9.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap低桩承台15.high-rise pile cap高桩承台16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling静力压桩18.uplift pile抗拔桩19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩20.pile groups群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）22.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应23.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术24.final set最后贯入度25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验27.pile head=butt桩头28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）29.pile spacing桩距30.pile plan桩位布置图31.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置32.group action群桩作用33.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻35.pile cushion桩垫36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩37.pile pulling test拔桩试验38.pile shoe桩靴39.pile noise打桩噪音40.pile rig打桩机VIII. 地基处理--ground treatment1.technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基处理技术规范2.cushion垫层法3.preloading预压法4.dynamic compaction强夯法5.dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换法6.vibroflotation method振冲法7.sand-gravel pile砂石桩8.gravel pile(stone column)碎石桩9.cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩10.cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩11.cement column水泥桩12.lime pile (lime column)石灰桩13.jet grouting高压喷射注浆法14.rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法15.lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩lime soil pile灰土挤密桩16.chemical stabilization化学加固法17.surface compaction表层压实法18.surcharge preloading超载预压法19.vacuum preloading真空预压法20.sand wick袋装砂井21.geofabric ,geotextile土工织物posite foundation复合地基23.reinforcement method加筋法24.dewatering method降低地下水固结法25.freezing and heating冷热处理法26.expansive ground treatment膨胀土地基处理27.ground treatment in mountain area山区地基处理28.collapsible loess treatment湿陷性黄土地基处理29.artificial foundation人工地基30.natural foundation天然地基31.pillow褥垫32.soft clay ground软土地基33.sand drain砂井34.root pile树根桩35.plastic drain塑料排水带36.replacement ratio（复合地基）置换率IX. 固结consolidation1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3.Biot’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil超固结土6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9.primary consolidation主固结10.secondary consolidation次固结11.degree of consolidation固结度12.consolidation test固结试验13.consolidation curve固结曲线14.time factor Tv时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结。
土木岩土工程专业术语英语词汇
土木工程工程地质岩土工程专业术语专业英语专业词汇岩层岩性lithology，人工堆积artificial accumulation，块石碎石土block and rubble，崩坡积avalanche slope accumulation，坡积slope accumulation，碎石土rubble，残坡积residual slope accumulation，坡洪积diluvial slope accumulation，砂卵砾石sand gravel，冰水堆积outwash accumulation，砂岩夹砾岩夹页岩sandstone interbedded with conglomerate and shale，变质砂岩metamorphic sandstone，硅质板岩siliceous slate，千枚状板岩phyllitic slate，变质砾岩metamorphic conglomerate，砂岩夹砾岩sandstone interbedded with conglomerate，地质构造geological structure，剪裂隙scisson，实测、推测平移断层actual measured and speculative strike-slip fault，实测、推测逆断层actual measured and speculative thrust fault，实测、推测正断层actual measured and speculative normal fault，不同纪系地层分界线formation boundary for different system，实测、推测同纪系地层分界线actual measured and speclative formationboundary for the same system ，岩性相变界线lithofacies change boundary，断层破碎带fractured zone of the fault，地貌及物理地质现象surface feature and geophysical phenomenon，阶地前缘（齿数代表阶地级数）front of the terrace(tooth number for terraceclass)，勘探及其他exploration and othera semi-infinite elastic solid|半无限弹性体AASHTO= American Association State HighwayOfficials|美国州公路官员协会active earth pressure|主动土压力additional stress|附加应力allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil|地基容许承载力alluvial expansive soil|冲积膨胀土anchored plate retaining wall|锚定板挡土墙anchored sheet pile wall|锚定板板桩墙angle of internal friction|内摩擦角angle of repose|休止角anisotropy|各向异性ANSYS Booleans|布尔运算ANSYS Booleans Intersect|布尔交运算ANSYS Booleans Overlap|布尔搭接运算ANSYS Booleans Partition|布尔分割运算ANSYS Cartesian|笛卡儿坐标ANSYS Cylindrical|柱坐标ANSYS Eigen Buckling|特征值屈伸分析ANSYS Global Cartesian|笛卡儿坐标系ANSYS Global Cylindrical|柱坐标系ANSYS Global Spherical|球坐标系ANSYS Grid|网格ANSYS Harmonic|谐振分析ANSYS Model|模态分析ANSYS Normal|法向向量ANSYS Polar|极坐标ANSYS Spectrum|谱分析ANSYS Spherical|球坐标ANSYS Static|静态分析ANSYS Substructuring|子结构分析ANSYS Tolerance|允许偏差ANSYS Transient|瞬态分析ANSYS Trial|坐标轴ANSYS Working Plane Origin|工作平面原点anti-slide pile|抗滑桩arrangement of piles|桩的布置artificial foundation|人工地基ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer|美国土木工程师学会associated flow|关联流动Atterberg limits|阿太堡界限Barraon’s consolidation theory|巴隆固结理论bearing capacity|承载力bearing capacity of foundation soil|地基承载力bearing capacity of single pile|单桩承载力bearing stratum|持力层belled pier foundation|钻孔墩基础bench slope|台阶式坡形Biot’s consolidation theory|比奥固结理论Bishop method|毕肖普法bore hole columnar section|钻孔柱状图bored pile|钻孔桩bottom heave|（基坑）底隆起boulder|漂石boundary surface model|边界面模型box foundation|箱型基础braced cuts|支撑围护braced excavation|支撑开挖braced sheeting|支撑挡板bracing of foundation pit|基坑围护bulk constitutive equation|体积本构模型caisson foundation|沉井（箱）Cambridge model|剑桥模型cantilever retaining wall|悬臂式挡土墙cantilever sheet pile wall|悬臂式板桩墙cap model|盖帽模型casing|套管cast in place|灌注桩cement column|水泥桩cement mixing method|水泥土搅拌桩centrifugal model test|离心模型试验chemical stabilization|化学加固法clay|粘土clay fraction|粘粒粒组clay minerals粘土|矿物clayey silt|粘质粉土clayey soil|粘性土coarse sand|粗砂cobble|卵石coefficent of compressibility|压缩系数coefficient of consolidation|固结系数coefficient of gradation|级配系数coefficient of permeability|渗透系数coefficient of variation|变异系数cohesion|粘聚力collapsible loess treatment|湿陷性黄土地基处理compacted expansive soil|击实膨胀土compaction test|击实试验compactness|密实度compensated foundation|补偿性基础complex texture|复合式结构composite foundation|复合地基compressibility|压缩性compressibility modulus|压缩摸量compression index|压缩指数concentrated load|集中荷载consolidated drained direct shear test|慢剪试验consolidated drained triaxial test|固结排水试验(CD) consolidated quick direct shear test|固结快剪试验consolidated undrained triaxial test|固结不排水试验(CU) consolidation| 固结consolidation curve|固结曲线consolidation test|固结试验consolidation under K0 condition| K0固结constant head permeability|常水头渗透试验constitutive equation|本构关系constitutive model|本构模型Coulomb’s earth pressure theory|库仑土压力理论counter retaining wall|扶壁式挡土墙country rock|围岩critical edge pressure|临塑荷载cross-hole test| 跨孔试验cushion|垫层cyclic loading|周期荷载cycling load|反复荷载damping ratio|阻尼比Darcy’s law| 达西定律dead load sustained load|恒载持续荷载deep foundation|深基础deep settlement measurement|深层沉降观测deep well point|深井点deformation|变形deformation modulus|变形摸量deformation monitoring|变形监测degree of consolidation|固结度degree of saturation|饱和度density|密度dewatering|（基坑）降水dewatering method|降低地下水固结法diaphragm wall|地下连续墙截水墙dilatation|剪胀dimensionless frequency|无量纲频率direct shear|直剪direct shear apparatus|直剪仪direct shear test|直剪试验direct simple shear test|直接单剪试验direction arrangement|定向排列discount coefficient|折减系数diving casting cast-in-place pile|沉管灌注桩domain effect theory|叠片体作用理论drilled-pier foundation|钻孔扩底墩dry unit weight|干重度dry weight density|干重度Duncan-Chang model|邓肯－张模型duration of earthquake|地震持续时间dyke堤|（防）dynamic compaction|强夯法dynamic compaction replacement|强夯置换法dynamic load test of pile|桩动荷载试验dynamic magnification factor|动力放大因素dynamic penetration test|(DPT)动力触探试验dynamic pile testing|桩基动测技术dynamic properties of soils| 土的动力性质dynamic settlement|振陷（动沉降）dynamic shear modulus of soils|动剪切模量dynamic strength|动力强度dynamic strength of soils|动强度dynamic subgrade reaction method|动基床反力法dynamic triaxial test|三轴试验earth pressure|土压力earth pressure at rest|静止土压力earthquake engineering|地震工程earthquake intensity|地震烈度earthquake magnitude|震级earthquake response spectrum|地震反应谱effective stress|有效应力effective stress approach of shear strength|剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法effective stress failure envelop|有效应力破坏包线effective stress strength parameter|有效应力强度参数effective unit weight|有效重度efficiency factor of pile groups|群桩效率系数（η）efficiency of pile groups|群桩效应elastic half-space foundation model|弹性半空间地基模型elastic half-space theory of foundationvibration|基础振动弹性半空间理论elastic model|弹性模型elastic modulus|弹性模量elastoplastic model|弹塑性模型embedded depth of foundation|基础埋置深度end-bearing pile|端承桩engineering geologic investigation|工程地质勘察equivalent lumped parameter method|等效集总参数法equivalent node load|等小结点荷载evaluation of liquefaction|液化势评价ewatering method|降低地下水位法excavation|开挖（挖方）excess pore water pressure|超孔压力expansive ground treatment|膨胀土地基处理expansive soil|膨胀土failure criterion|破坏准则failure of foundation|基坑失稳falling head permeability|变水头试验fatigue test|疲劳试验Fellenius method of slices|费纽伦斯条分法field permeability test|现场渗透试验field vane shear strength|十字板抗剪强度filling condition|填筑条件final set|最后贯入度final settlement|最终沉降fine sand|细砂finite element method|有限员法flexible foundation|柔性基础floor heave|底膨flow net|流网flowing soil|流土foundation design|基础设计foundation engineering|基础工程foundation vibration|基础振动foundation wall|基础墙fractal structure|分形结构free swell|自由膨胀率freezing and heating|冷热处理法free（resonance）vibration column test|自(共)振柱试验friction pile|摩擦桩frozen heave|冻胀frozen soil|冻土general shear failure|整体剪切破化geofabric|土工织物geologic mode|地质结构模式geometric damping|几何阻尼geostatic stress|自重应力geotechnical engineering|岩土工程geotechnical model test|土工模型试验gravel|砂石gravelly sand|砾砂gravity retaining wall|重力式挡土墙ground treatment|地基处理ground treatment in mountain area|山区地基处理groundwater|地下水groundwater level|地下水位groundwater table|地下水位group action|群桩作用high pressure consolidation test|高压固结试验high-rise pile cap|高桩承台homogeneous|均质hydraulic gradient|水力梯度hydrometer analysis|比重计分析hyperbolic model|双曲线模型hysteresis failure|滞后破坏ideal elastoplastic model|理想弹塑性模型in situ test|原位测试in-situ pore water pressure measurement|原位孔隙水压量测in-situ soil test|原位试验initial liquefaction|初始液化initial pressure|初始压力initial stress field|初始应力场isotropic|各向同性ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering|国际土力学与岩土工程学会jet grouting|高压喷射注浆法Kaolinite|高岭石laminar texture|层流结构landslide precasting|滑坡预报landslides|滑坡lateral load test of pile|单桩横向载荷试验lateral pile load test|单桩横向载荷试验lateral pressure coefficient|侧压力系数layered filling|分层填筑leakage|渗流light sounding|轻便触探试验lime soil pile|灰土挤密桩lime-soil compacted column|灰土挤密桩lime-soil compaction pile| 灰土挤密桩limit equilibrium method|极限平衡法limiting pressure|极限压力lining|衬砌liquefaction strength|抗液化强度live load|活载local shear failure|局部剪切破坏long term strength|长期强度long-term strength|长期强度long-term transient load|长期荷载low pile cap|低桩承台material damping|材料阻尼mathematical method|数学模型maximum acceleration of earthquake|地震最大加速度maximum dry density|最大干密度medium sand|中砂modulus of compressibility|压缩模量Mohr-Coulomb failure condition|摩尔-库仑破坏条件Mohr-Coulomb theory|莫尔－库仑理论Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion|莫尔－库仑屈服准则moist unit weight|湿重度multi-dimensional consolidation|多维固结NATM|新奥法natural frequency of foundation|基础自振频率natural period of soil site|地基固有周期net foundation pressure|基底附加应力nonlinear analysis|非线性分析nonlinear elastic model|非线性弹性模型normal distribution| 正态分布normal stresses|正应力normally consolidated soil|正常固结土numerical geotechanics|数值岩土力学one-dimensional consolidation|一维固结optimum water content|最优含水率over consolidation ration| (OCR)超固结比overconsolidated soil|超固结土overconsolidation|超固结性overconsolidation soil|超固结土passive earth pressure|被动土压力peak strength|峰值强度peat|泥炭permeability|渗透性physical properties|物理性质pile caps|承台（桩帽）pile cushion|桩垫pile foundation|桩基础pile groups|群桩pile headt|桩头pile integrity test|桩的完整性试验pile noise|打桩噪音pile pulling test|拔桩试验pile rig|打桩机pile shoe|桩靴pile tip|桩端（头）piles set into rock|嵌岩灌注桩pillow|褥垫piping|管涌plastic drain|塑料排水带plate loading test|载荷试验Poisson ratio|泊松比poorly-graded soil|级配不良土pore pressure|孔隙压力pore water pressure|孔隙水压力pore-pressure distribution|孔压分布precast concrete pile|预制混凝土桩preconsolidated pressure|先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure|先期固结压力preloading|预压法pressuremeter test|旁压试验prestressed concrete pile|预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile|预应力混凝土管桩primary consolidation|主固结primary structural surface|原生结构面principal plane|主平面principal stress|主应力principle of effective stress|有效应力原理probabilistic method|概率法probability of failure|破坏概率progressive failure|渐进破坏punching shear failure|冲剪破坏quick direct shear test|快剪试验rammed bulb pile|夯扩桩rammed-cement-soil pile|夯实水泥土桩法random arrangement|随机排列Rankine’s earth pressure theory|朗金土压力理论rebound index|回弹指数recompaction|再压缩reduced load|折算荷载reinforced concrete sheet pile|钢筋混凝土板桩reinforcement method|加筋法reloading|再加载replacement ratio|（复合地基）置换率residual diluvial expansive soil|残坡积膨胀土residual soil|残积土residual strength|残余强度resistance to side friction|侧壁摩擦阻力retaining wall|挡土墙rigid foundation|刚性基础rigid plastic model|刚塑性模型rolling compaction|碾压root pile|树根桩safety factor|安全系数safety factor of slope|边坡稳定安全系数sand boiling|砂沸sand drain|砂井sand wick|袋装砂井sand-gravel pile|砂石桩sandy silt|砂质粉土saturated soil|饱和土saturated unit weight|饱和重度saturation degree|饱和度screw plate test|螺旋板载荷试验secondary consolidation|次固结secondary minerals|次生矿物secondary structural surface|次生结构面seepage|渗透（流）seepage force|渗透力seepage pressure|渗透压力seismic predominant period|地震卓越周期sensitivity|灵敏度settlement|沉降shaft|竖井身shallow foundation|浅基础shear modulus|剪切摸量shear strain rate|剪切应变速率shear strength|抗剪强度shear strength of interlayered weak surface|层间软弱面强度shear strength of repeated swelling shrinkage|反复胀缩强度shear stresses|剪应力sheet pile structure|板桩结构物shield tunnelling method|盾构法shinkrage coefficient|收缩系数shinkrage limit|缩限short –term transient load|短期瞬时荷载sieve analysis|筛分silent piling|静力压桩silt|粉土silty clay|粉质粘土silty sand|粉土size effect|尺寸效应slaking characteristic|崩解性slices method|条分法slip line|滑动线slope protection|护坡slope stability analysis|土坡稳定分析soft clay|软粘土soft clay ground|软土地基soft soil|软土soil dynamics|土动力学soil fraction|粒组soil mass|土体soil mechanics|土力学special-shaped cast-in-place pile|机控异型灌注桩specific surface|比表面积spread footing|扩展基础square spread footing|方形独立基础sshaft resistance|桩侧阻stability analysis|稳定性分析stability of foundation soil|地基稳定性stability of retaining wall|挡土墙稳定性state of limit equilibrium|极限平衡状态static cone penetration|(SPT) 静力触探试验static load test of pile|单桩竖向静荷载试验steel pile|钢桩steel piles|钢桩steel pipe pile|钢管桩steel sheet pile|钢板桩stress path|应力路径stress wave in soils|土中应力波striation|擦痕strip footing|条基strip foundation|条形基础structural characteristic|结构特征structure-foundation-soil interactionanalysis|上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析subgrade|路基surcharge preloading|超载预压法surface compaction|表层压实法Swedish circle method|瑞典圆弧滑动法swelling index|回弹指数system of engineering structure|工程结构系统technical code for ground treatment of building|建筑地基处理技术规范tectonic structural surface|构造结构面Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory|太沙基固结理论thermal differential analysis|差热分析three phase diagram|三相图timber piles|木桩time effcet|时间效应time effect|时间效应time factor Tv|时间因子tip resistance|桩端阻total stress|总应力total stress approach of shear strength|抗剪强度总应力法tri-phase soil|三相土triaxial test|三轴试验ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil|地基极限承载力ultimate lateral resistance of single pile|单桩横向极限承载力unconfined compression|无侧限抗压强度unconfined compression strength|无侧限抗压强度unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test|不固结不排水试验(UU) underconsolidated soil|欠固结土undrained shear strength|不排水抗剪强度Unified soil classification system|土的统一分类系统uniformity coefficient|不均匀系数unloading|卸载unsaturated soil|非饱和土uplift pile|抗拔桩vacuum preloading|真空预压法vacuum well point|真空井点vane strength|十字板抗剪强度vertical allowable load capacity|单桩竖向容许承载力vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile|单桩抗拔极限承载力vibration isolation|隔振vibroflotation method|振冲法viscoelastic foundation|粘弹性地基viscoelastic model|粘弹性模型viscous damping|粘滞阻尼water affinity|亲水性wave equation analysi|s波动方程分析wave velocity method|波速法well point system|井点系统（轻型）well-graded soil|级配良好土Winkler foundation model|文克尔地基模型wooden sheet pile|木板桩work hardening|加工硬化work softening|加工软化yield function|屈服函数zonal soil|区域性土一. 综合类geotechnical engineering岩土工程foundation engineering基础工程soil, earth土soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics土动力学6.stress path应力路径7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类1.residual soil残积土groundwater level地下水位2.groundwater 地下水groundwater table地下水位3.clay minerals粘土矿物4.secondary minerals次生矿物ndslides滑坡6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravelly sand砾砂12.coarse sand粗砂13.medium sand中砂14.fine sand细砂15.silty sand粉土16.clayey soil粘性土17.clay粘土18.silty clay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandy silt砂质粉土21.clayey silt粘质粉土22.saturated soil饱和土23.unsaturated soil非饱和土24.fill (soil)填土25.overconsolidated soil超固结土26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土29.soft clay软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土31.peat泥炭32.loess黄土33.frozen soil冻土三. 土的基本物理力学性质 compression index2.cu undrained shear strength3.cu/p0 ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0 (cu/p0)NC ,(cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively4.cvane cohesive strength from vane test5.e0 natural void ratio6.Ip plasticity index7.K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for totalstressesσ1 andσ28.K0‟ domain for effective stressesσ1 … andσ2‟9.K0n K0 for normally consolidated state 10.K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading or an undrained condition 11.K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic loading(frequency less than 1Hz),asa pseudo- dynamic test for K0 coefficient12.kh ,kv permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively13.N blow count, standard penetration test14.OCR over-consolidation ratio15.pc preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test16.p0 effective overburden pressure 17.p s specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test 18.qu unconfined compressive strength19.U, Um degree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen20.u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively21.w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively22.σ1,σ2 principal stresses, σ1 … andσ2‟ denote effective principal stresses23.Atterberg limits阿太堡界限24.degree of saturation饱和度25.dry unit weight干重度26.moist unit weight湿重度27.saturated unit weight饱和重度28.effective unit weight有效重度29.density密度pactness密实度31.maximum dry density最大干密度32.optimum water content最优含水量33.three phase diagram三相图34.tri-phase soil三相土35.soil fraction粒组36.sieve analysis筛分37.hydrometer analysis比重计分析38.uniformity coefficient不均匀系数39.coefficient of gradation级配系数40.fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)细粒土41.coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土42.Unified soil classification system土的统一分类系统43.ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer美国土木工程师学会44.AASHTO= American Association State HighwayOfficials美国州公路官员协会45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law 达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepage pressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepage force渗透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of drivenpile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力4.total stress总应力5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6.low activity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxial test三轴试验9.foundation design基础设计10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载力12.soil mass土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体16.homogeneous均质17.isotropic各向同性18.strip footing条基19.square spread footing方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载22.live load活载23.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load长期荷载25.reduced load折算荷载26.settlement沉降27.deformation变形28.casing套管29.dike=dyke堤（防）30.clay fraction粘粒粒组31.physical properties物理性质32.subgrade路基33.well-graded soil级配良好土34.poorly-graded soil级配不良土35.normal stresses正应力36.shear stresses剪应力37.principal plane主平面38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finite element method有限元法41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法42.pore water pressure孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数pression index压缩指数47.swelling index回弹指数48.geostatic stress自重应力49.additional stress附加应力50.total stress总应力51.final settlement最终沉降52.slip line滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水1 excavation开挖（挖方）2 dewatering（基坑）降水3 failure of foundation基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8 dewatering method降低地下水位法9 well point system井点系统（轻型）10 deep well point深井点11 vacuum well point真空井点12 braced cuts支撑围护13 braced excavation支撑开挖14 braced sheeting支撑挡板七. 深基础--deep foundation1.pile foundation桩基础1)cast –in-place灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier 3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4)steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile钢管桩steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile端承桩6.shaft竖井；桩身7.wave equation analysis波动方程分析8.pile caps承台（桩帽）9.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力teral pile loadtest单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap低桩承台15.high-rise pile cap高桩承台16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of singlepile单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling静力压桩18.uplift pile抗拔桩19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩20.pile groups群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）22.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应23.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术24.final set最后贯入度25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验27.pile head=butt桩头28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）29.pile spacing桩距30.pile plan桩位布置图31.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置32.group action群桩作用33.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻35.pile cushion桩垫36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩37.pile pulling test拔桩试验38.pile shoe桩靴39.pile noise打桩噪音40.pile rig打桩机八. 地基处理--ground treatment1.technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基处理技术规范2.cushion垫层法3.preloading预压法4.dynamic compaction强夯法5.dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换法6.vibroflotation method振冲法7.sand-gravel pile砂石桩8.gravel pile(stone column)碎石桩9.cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩10.cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩11.cement column水泥桩12.lime pile (lime column)石灰桩13.jet grouting高压喷射注浆法14.rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法15.lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩lime soil pile灰土挤密桩16.chemical stabilization化学加固法17.surface compaction表层压实法18.surcharge preloading超载预压法19.vacuum preloading真空预压法20.sand wick袋装砂井21.geofabric ,geotextile土工织物posite foundation复合地基23.reinforcement method加筋法24.dewatering method降低地下水固结法25.freezing and heating冷热处理法26.expansive ground treatment膨胀土地基处理27.ground treatment in mountain area山区地基处理28.collapsible loess treatment湿陷性黄土地基处理29.artificial foundation人工地基30.natural foundation天然地基31.pillow褥垫32.soft clay ground软土地基33.sand drain砂井34.root pile树根桩35.plastic drain塑料排水带36.replacement ratio（复合地基）置换率九. 固结consolidation1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3.Biot’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil超固结土6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9.primary consolidation主固结10.secondary consolidation次固结11.degree of consolidation固结度12.consolidation test固结试验13.consolidation curve固结曲线14.time factor Tv时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十. 抗剪强度shear strength1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength残余强度3.long-term strength长期强度4.peak strength峰值强度5.shear strain rate剪切应变速率6.dilatation剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚力12.failure criterion破坏准则13.vane strength十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数十一. 本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model边界面模型6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model刚塑性模型8.cap model盖帽模型9.work softening加工软化10.work hardening加工硬化11.Cambridge model剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yield surface屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus弹性模量17.Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型十二. 地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏2.general shear failure整体剪切破化3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力十三. 土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure主动土压力2.passive earth pressure被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest静止土压力4.Coulomb’s earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论5.Rankine’s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论十四. 土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose休止角2.Bishop method毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method条分法十五. 挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall基础墙3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙十六. 板桩结构物--sheet pile structure1.steel sheet pile钢板桩2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles钢桩4.wooden sheet pile木板桩5.timber piles木桩十七. 浅基础--shallow foundation1.box foundation箱型基础2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基础3.strip foundation条形基础4.spread footing扩展基础pensated foundation补偿性基础6.bearing stratum持力层7.rigid foundation刚性基础8.flexible foundation柔性基础9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度 foundation pressure基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interactionanalysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八. 土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils动强度2.wave velocity method波速法3.material damping材料阻尼4.geometric damping几何阻尼5.damping ratio阻尼比6.initial liquefaction初始液化7.natural period of soil site地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切模量9.dynamic magnification factor动力放大因素10.liquefaction strength抗液化强度11.dimensionless frequency无量纲频率12.evaluation of liquefaction液化势评价13.stress wave in soils土中应力波14.dynamic settlement振陷（动沉降）十九. 动力机器基础1.equivalent lumped parameter method等效集总参数法2.dynamic subgrade reaction method动基床反力法3.vibration isolation隔振4.foundation vibration基础振动5.elastic half-space theory of foundationvibration基础振动弹性半空间理论6.allowable amplitude of foundation基础振动容许振幅7.natural frequency of foundation基础自振频率二十. 地基基础抗震1.earthquake engineering地震工程2.soil dynamics土动力学3.duration of earthquake地震持续时间4.earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude震级7.seismic predominant period地震卓越周期8.maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度二十一. 室内土工实验1.high pressure consolidation test高压固结试验2.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验3.falling head permeability变水头试验4.constant head permeability常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固结不排水试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test固结不排水试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test固结排水试验(CD)paction test击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪试验12.sieve analysis筛分析13.geotechnical model test土工模型试验14.centrifugal model test离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus直剪仪16.direct shear test直剪试验17.direct simple shear test直接单剪试验。
土木工程专业英语词汇表
土木工程工程地质engineering geology原位测试in-situ test初步勘查preliminary exploration 详细勘查detailed exploration地质调查geological survey地质勘查geological exploration地质测绘geological mapping矿物mineral[ˈmɪnərəl]地质构造geological structure岩石结构rock structure节理joint[dʒɔɪnt]裂隙fissure[ˈfɪʃə(r)]岩浆岩magmatic rock沉积岩sedimentary rock风化weathering[ˈweðərɪŋ]地质年代geological time褶皱fold[fəʊld]断裂构造fault structure断层fault[fɔ:lt]地震earthquake[ˈɜ:θkweɪk]纵波longitudinal wave横波shear wave岩体rock mass结构体structure body结构面structural plane软弱夹层soft interlayer潜水层phreatic stratum承压水层artesian aquifer岩溶karst[kɑ:st]煤层coal seam滑坡landslide [ˈlændslaɪd]泥石流debris flow崩塌collapse[kəˈlæps]边坡slope [sləʊp]抗滑桩anti-slide pile挡土墙retaining wall钻孔，钻探drilling挖探excavation prospecting 专业英语词汇结晶crystallization [ˌkrɪstəlaɪ'zeɪʃn]石英quartz[kwɔ:ts]云母mica [ˈmaɪkə]千枚岩phyllite['fɪlaɪt]花岗岩granite[ˈgrænɪt]玄武岩basalt[ˈbæsɔ:lt]石灰岩limestone[ˈlaɪmstəʊn]大理岩griotte[ɡ'rɪət]///marble[ˈmɑ:bl]冲积层alluvium[əˈlu:viəm]残积层eluvium[ɪ'lu:vɪəm]洪积层diluvium[daɪ'lu:vɪəm]第四纪松散沉积物quaternary unconsolidated sediments冰水沉积物fluvioglacial deposit冰渍glacial drift水平构造horizontal tectonic倾斜构造dipping structure震源source [sɔ:s]震级magnitude[ˈmægnɪtju:d]震中epicenter['epɪsentə]烈度intensity[ɪnˈtensəti]河流侵蚀river erosion河流阶地river terrace地球物理勘探Geophysical exploration 河谷valley[ˈvæli]三角洲delta [ˈdeltə]平原地貌plain landform丘陵地貌hilly topography山岭地貌topographic features of mountain ridges垭口pass area上层滞水perched water可行性研究阶段feasibility study stage载荷试验load test静力触探cone penetration test无侧限抗压强度试验unconfined compressive strength test十字板剪切试验vane shear test标准贯入试验standard penetration test 旁压试验lateral pressure test水压致裂法hydraulic fracturing technique公路Highway高速公路Expressway水泥混凝土路面cement concrete pavement 沥青混凝土路面asphalt concrete pavement 柔性路面flexible pavement刚性路面rigid pavement土基Subgrade挖方路基（路堑）Cutting填方路基（路堤）Embankment基层Base course垫层bed course磨耗层Wearing surface/wearing course刚性基层rigid base ['rɪdʒɪd]柔性基层flexible base ['flɛksəbl]道路选线Selection of Highway Route平面线形horizontal alignment [ə'laɪnmənt] 圆曲线circular curve ['sɝkjəlɚ][kɝv]缓和曲线transition curve地面标高ground elevation里程桩mile stake [maɪl] [stek]排水沟Drain[dren]截水沟Intercepting [ɪntɚ'sɛpt]中央分隔带median divider路缘Curb [kɝb]细集料fine aggregate[faɪn]['æɡrɪɡət]混合料Mixture['mɪkstʃɚ]配合比设计mixture ratio design摊铺Pave[pev]碾压Compaction[kəm'pækʃən]压实度degree of compaction胀缝expansion joint缩缝coarctation joint车辙ruts [rʌt] 主干路 major road ['medʒɚ] [rod]次干路sub-arterial road[ɑr'tɪrɪəl]支路branch way[bræntʃ] [we]最大纵坡longitudinal grade龄期Instar['ɪnstɑː]减水剂water reducer引气剂air entraining agent早强剂early strength agent矿粉mineral powder粉煤灰fly ash[flaɪ] [æʃ]石灰Lime[laɪm]火山灰Ash[æʃ]矿渣Slag[slæɡ]改性沥青modified asphalt粘度Viscosity[vɪs'kɑsəti]延度ductility[dʌk'tɪləti]针入度needle penetration软化点softening point['sɔfnɪŋ] [pɔɪnt]级配砂砾（碎石）Graded gravel施工缝construction joint水泥稳定粒料cement stabilized aggregate 热、冷拌法Hot/cold mixing method 热、冷铺法Hot/cold laid method抗滑性skid resistance[skɪd] [rɪ'zɪstəns]耐磨性wear resistance[wɛr][rɪ'zɪstəns]耐久性Durability[,djʊrə'bɪləti]防水层Waterproofer['wɔtə,prʊfɚ]防渗层impermeable layer路拱横坡crown slope[kraʊn] [slop]横断面cross section[krɔs] ['sɛkʃən]盲沟blind ditch[blaɪnd] [dɪtʃ]渗井seepage well['sipɪdʒ] [wɛl]弯沉deflection[dɪ'flɛkʃən]坡面防护slope protection裂缝防治crack control平面交叉 grade crossingfly-over crossing跨度Span [spæn]上部结构Superstructure ['supɚstrʌktʃɚ] 下部结构Substructure ['sʌbstrʌktʃə]桥墩Pier [pɪr]桥台Abutment [ə'bʌtmənt]承台Pile cap[kæp] / bearing platform桥面Bridge deck [dek]净空Clearance ['klɪrəns]钢筋混凝土Reinforced concrete预应力混凝土Pre-stressed concrete钢管混凝土concrete filled steel [stil] tube 正常使用极限状态normal use ultimate ['ʌltəmət] state承载能力极限状态limit status ofbearing capability立交桥，高架公路Flyover ['flaɪovɚ] /overpass ['ovɚpæs]梁桥Beam [bim] bridge拱桥Arch [ɑrtʃ] bridge板桥Slab [slæb] bridge刚构桥Rigid ['rɪdʒɪd] frame [frem] bridge桁架桥Truss [trʌs] bridge悬索桥Suspension [sə'spɛnʃən] bridge斜拉桥Cable-stayed bridge伸缩缝Expansion [ɪk'spænʃən] and contraction [kən'trækʃən] joint先张法Pre-tensioning method后张法Post-tensioning method拱圈Arch [ɑrtʃ] ring腹拱Spandrel ['spændrəl] arch支座Bearing ['bɛrɪŋ]索塔Cable ['kebl] bent tower锚碇Anchorage ['æŋkərɪdʒ]围堰cofferdam ['kɔfɚ,dæm]纵梁Girder ['ɡədɚ]横梁Floor beam [bim]箱梁Box girder['ɡədɚ]简支梁Simple supported beam连续梁Continuous [kən'tɪnjʊəs] beam上（中、下）承式桥Deck/half-through/through bridge 主桥Main [meɪn] bridge引桥Approach [ə'protʃ] span保护层厚度protective[prə'tɛktɪv] cover thickness[ˈθɪknɪs]配筋率reinforcement [,riɪn'fɔrsmənt] ratio 双曲拱桥Two-way curved [kɝvd] arch bridge空腹拱Open spandrel ['spændrəl] arch实腹拱Filled spandrel['spændrəl] arch系杆拱Bowstring ['bostrɪŋ] archT形刚构 T-shaped rigid [ˈrɪdʒɪd]frame连续刚构Continuous rigid[ˈrɪdʒɪd] frame 合拢Closure ['kloʒɚ]缆索吊装法Erection [ɪ'rɛkʃən] by protrusion [pro'truʒn]悬臂浇筑法Cast-in-place cantilever ['kæntɪlivɚ] method浮运架桥法Erection by floating转体架桥法Construction by swing [swɪŋ]顶推法Incremental [ɪnkrə'məntl] launching method恒载/静载Dead [dɛd] load活载Live load持续荷载Sustained [sə'stend] load短期瞬时荷载Short-term transient load 荷载组合Loading combinations 偶然荷载Accidental ['vɛrɪəbl] load可变荷载Variable ['vɛrɪəbl] load长期荷载Long-term load临界荷载Critical ['krɪtɪkl] load悬臂梁Cantilever ['kæntɪlivɚ] beam拱架arch [ɑrtʃ]centre索鞍Cable saddle ['sædl]浮桥Pontoon [pɑn'tun] bridge组合体系桥Combined [kəm'baɪnd] system bridge围岩surrounding rock初始地应力场initial ground stress掌子面working face围岩分级rock mass classification喷射混凝土Shotcrete模板台车model board trolley初期支护primary lining二次衬砌Lining仰拱inverted arch锚杆anchor bolt钢拱架steel frame钢筋网steel fabric小导管注浆little tremie grouting锁脚锚杆feet-lock bolt管棚Pipe shed出渣slag tapping隧道照明tunnel lighting隧道通风ventilation射流风机jet fan轴流风机axial-fan竖井shaft斜井inclined shaft消防设施fire control facility隧道火灾tunnel fire塌方collapse岩爆Rock burst涌水water gushing岩溶karst瓦斯gas盾构Shield超前地质预报advance geology forecast 洞门portal明洞opencut tunnel 连拱隧道arch tunnel偏压隧道unsymmetrically loading tunnel 小净距隧道small spacing tunnel大断面隧道large cross-section tunnel断层破碎带fault fracture zone钻爆法drilling and blasting新奥法new Austrian tunneling method(NATM)全断面掘进机TBM(Tunnel boring machine)沉管法Immersed tunnel台阶法bench cut method环形开挖留核心土法Ring excavation reserving core soil method单侧壁导坑unilateral pilot双侧壁导坑twin side heading中隔壁法（CD法）center diagram交叉中隔壁法（CRD法）center cross diagram锚杆拉拔力pulling force of bolt地表下沉surface subsidence拱顶下沉vault crown settlement净空收敛clearance convergence地质雷达geology radar激光断面仪laser profiler光面爆破smooth blasting预裂爆破pre-splitting blasting铁道工程railway engineering准轨铁路standard-gage railway单线铁路single track railway双线铁路double track railway重载铁路heavy haul [hɔl] railway高速铁路high speed railway电气化铁路electric [ɪ'lɛktrɪk] railway磁浮铁路maglev干线trunk [trʌŋk] line, main line支线branch [bræntʃ] line货运专线freight line客运专线passenger special line轨距rail gauge [gedʒ]轴重axle ['æksl] load限界clearance牵引模式mode of traction设计速度construction speed, design speed 重载列车heavy haul train高速列车high speed train最小曲线半径minimum radius of curve 圆曲线circular ['sɝkjəlɚ] curve缓和曲线spiral ['spaɪrəl] transition curve坡度gradient ['ɡredɪənt]路堤embankment [ɪm'bæŋkmənt]路堑road cutting路肩road shoulder基床subgrade bed [fɔr'meʃən]挡土墙retaining [rɪ'tenɪŋ] wall护坡slope protection有碴轨道ballasted track无碴轨道ballastless track有缝线路jointed track无缝线路jointless ['dʒɔɪntlɪs] track轨缝，又称“接头缝”rail gap轨枕cross tie道床ballast ['bæləst] bed道碴ballast 铁路线railway line铁路网railway network铁路等级railway classification多线铁路multiple ['mʌltəpl] track railway即有铁路existing [ɪɡ'zɪstɪŋ] railway新建铁路newly-built railway改建铁路reconstructed railway专用铁路special purpose railway工业企业铁路industry railway运营铁路railway in operation, operating railway铁路专用线railway special line客货运混合线路railway line for mixed passenger and freight traffic窄轨铁路narrow-gage railway宽轨铁路broad-gage railway轨道变形track deformation轨道方向track alignment [ə'lainmənt] 运营里程operating length of railway, operating distance, revenue length最高速度maximum speed限制速度limited speed,[rɪ'strɪkʃən]最大轴重maximum allowable axle load 列车运行图train diagram ['daɪəɡræm]区间section ['sɛkʃən]限制坡度ruling grade转辙器switch proper ['prɔpə]翼轨wing rail心轨point rail, nose rail辙叉frog [frɔɡ]基本轨stock [stɔk] rail基底foundation base道岔turnout ['tɝnaʊt]尖轨switch rail岩土工程geotechnical engineering基础工程foundation [faʊn'deʃən] engineering土力学soil [sɔɪl]mechanics [mə'kænɪks]干密度dry density ['dɛnsəti]饱和度Saturation [ˌsætʃə'reɪʃn]孔隙率porosity [pɔ'rɑsəti]孔隙比void ratio ['reʃɪo]塑限Plastic ['plæstɪk] Limit液限Liquid Limit剪切模量shear modulus ['mɑdʒələs]粘土clay [klei]粉质粘土silty clay粉土silt [sɪlt]淤泥土mucky ['mʌki]soil饱和土saturated ['sætʃəretɪd] soil特殊土special soil软土soft clay膨胀土expansive (swelling ['swɛlɪŋ] ) soil季节性冻土seasonal frozen soil砂土液化sand liquefaction [,lɪkwɪ'fækʃən]渗透性permeability [,pɝmɪə'bɪləti]地基容许承载力load-bearingcapacity [kə'pæsəti]极限荷载ultimate ['ʌltəmət] load临界荷载critical ['krɪtɪkl] load塑性区plastic zone边坡稳定slope stability [stə'bɪləti]孔隙水压力pore water pressure有效应力effective stress压缩compressibility [kəm,prɛsə'bɪləti]直剪试验direct shear experiment三轴实验triaxial [traɪ'æksɪəl] test固结沉降consolidation [kən,sɑlə'deʃən] settlement抗剪强度shearing strength粘聚力cohesion [ko'hiʒən]内摩擦角Internal friction ['frɪkʃən] angle 强度理论strength theory静止土压力static earth pressure相对密实度Relative Density 剪胀dilatation [,daɪlə'teʃən]漂石boulder ['boldɚ]卵石pebble ['pɛbl]级配良好的土well-graded soil级配不良土poorly-graded soil粉砂silty ['sɪlti] sand非饱和土Unsaturated [ʌn'sætʃə'retɪd] soil 湿陷性黄土collapsible[kə'læpsəbl] loess 多年冻土permafrost ['pɝməfrɔst]冻胀frost-heaving冻融循环freeze-thaw [θɔ] cycle碎石detritus [dɪ'traɪtəs]砾石Gravel ['ɡrævl]粗砂coarse [kɔrs] sand中砂medium sand细砂fine sand盐渍土salinized ['sælɪnaɪz] soils红土red clay管涌piping渗透（流）seepage ['sipɪdʒ]渗透压力seepage pressure循环荷载cyclic ['saɪklɪk] loading瞬时沉降immediate [ɪ'midɪət] settlement ['sɛtlmənt]次固结沉降secondary consolidation [kən,s ɑlə'deʃən] settlement.最终沉降Final settlement强度指标strength index土工格栅geogrid土工织物Geotextile[,dʒiəu'tekstail]加筋土reinforced earth[,riɪn'fɔrst] [ɝθ]换填Replacement[rɪ'plesmənt]固结度degree of consolidation超固结土Over consolidated soil正常固结土normally consolidated soil欠固结土Under consolidated soil应力路径stress path塑性指数plastic index液性指数liquidity [lɪ'kwɪdəti] index土动力学soil dynamics主动土压力active earth pressure被动土压力passive earth pressure建筑学architecture['ɑrkə'tɛktʃɚ]建筑红线building lines建筑设计building design建筑物平面图building layout ['leaʊt] 建筑物的三面图elevation[,ɛlɪ'veʃən]摩天大楼skyscraper ['skaɪ'skrepɚ]公寓楼block of flats [flæts]高层建筑high-rise buildings支承柱bearing ['bɛrɪŋ] post柱column ['kɑləm]泵送混凝土pump [pʌmp] concrete混凝土配合比Concrete mix proportion[prə'pɔrʃən]水泥砂浆Cement grout/ cement mortar['mɔrtɚ]水灰比water-cement ratio钢结构steel structure木结构timber ['tɪmbɚ]construction圬工结构mason ['mesn] structure板柱结构slab-column system框架结构frame structure剪力墙shear wall structure承重墙结构the wall bearing structure 型钢profile['profaɪl] steel钢板steel plate角钢angle ['æŋɡl] iron楼板floors回填backfill刚性节点Rigid joint [dʒɔɪnt]铰接，销钉连接Pin joint浅基础Shallow ['ʃælo] foundation深基础Deep foundation浮筏基础buoyancy['bɔɪənsi] raft条形基础strip footing箱形基础box foundation刚性扩大基础rigid spread foundation 桩基础pile [paɪl] foundation钢支撑steel shotcrete ['ʃɒtkriːt] 词义词汇市政建筑Municipal[mju'nɪsɪpl] building 天然采光natural['nætʃrəl] lighting热风供暖warm air heating原材料raw material[mə'tɪrɪəl]防水材料waterproofing['wɔtə,prʊfɪŋ] materials粘结剂Binder ['baɪndɚ]碱-集反应Alkali-aggregate ['æɡrɪɡət] reaction约束梁Restrained[rɪ'strend] members搅拌机Mixer ['mɪksɚ]框架—剪力墙结构frame-shear wall structure筒中筒结构Tube-in-tube structures悬挂结构suspended structure柱间墙，填充墙Filler wall折板结构folded-plate structure悬索结构cable-suspended structure内墙和外墙inner and outer walls基准点datum['detəm] mark基线base line脚手架scaffold['skæfold]露台balcony['bælkəni]扶手、栏杆balustrade [,bælə'stred]对接缝butt joint/seam弹性地基梁beam on elastic [ɪ'læstɪk] foundation区间隧道interzone tunnel地铁车站subway station明挖法cut-and-cover method/open excavated method/open cut method盖挖法cover-excavation method冠梁（围檩）beam at the top水平横撑horizontal brace井点降水dewatering止水帷幕waterstop curtain钢板桩steel sheet pile钢管桩steel pipe pile灌注桩bored concrete pile护筒pile casting泥浆slurrySMW工法桩smw pile construction method 搅拌桩mixing pile旋喷桩jet grouting pile渗透注浆permeating grouting地表注浆surface grouting冻结法freezing method地下连续墙diaphram wall钢筋笼steel reinforcement cage打入桩driven pile静力压桩static pressuring pile沉管灌注桩sinking pipe cast-in-place piles 钻孔灌注桩cast-in-place pile基坑隆起foundation pit resilience盾构选型selection of shield泥水盾构slurry shield machine土压平衡盾构earth pressure balance shield复合式盾构Compound shield始发井Originating well接收井receiving well沉井open caisson管片Segments地表沉降settlement of ground surface 浅埋暗挖shallow-buried excavation 枢纽站junction station换乘站transfer station终点站terminal station井壁sidewall刃脚foot blade紧固螺栓fastening bolt刀盘cutter head滚刀cutter切刀cutter刮刀scraper仿形刀Copying tool破岩机理rock breaking mechanism 壁后注浆grouting behind segment同步注浆synchronous grouting掘进控制tunneling control中洞法center drift method侧洞法side drifts-support method柱洞法pioneer heading-column method 洞柱法central drifts-column method劈裂注浆fracturing grouting压密注浆pressure grouting应力Stress[stres]应变Strain [streɪn]位移Displacement[dis’pleismənt] 虚功Virtual [və:tjuəl] work拉Tension['tensaɪl]/ pull压Compression [kəm'preʃn]弯曲Bend [bend]扭转Twist [twɪst]弯矩Bending moment剪力Shear [ʃiə] force阻力Resistance [rɪˈzɪstəns]摩擦Friction [ˈfrɪkʃn]重力Gravity [ˈgrævəti]浮力Buoyancy ['bɔɪənsɪ]强度Strength [streŋθ]屈服Yield [ji:ld]刚度Stiffness [stɪfnəs]稳定性Stability [stəˈbɪləti]均布荷载Uniform load/ even load 可变荷载Variable [ˈvɛəriəbl] load集中荷载Concentrated load梯度Gradient [greɪdi:ənt]平面杆系Bar system/ frame system 板Board [bɔ:d]壳Shell [ʃel]桁架Truss [trʌs]钢架/构Rigid [ridʒid] frame铰Hinge [hɪndʒ]波Wave [weɪv]加速度Accelerated velocity[ækˈseləreitd vilɔsiti]振动Vibration [vaɪˈbreɪʃn]阻尼Damp [dæmp]弹性的Elastic [ɪˈlæstɪk]塑性的Plastic [ˈplæstɪk]粘性的Viscous [ˈvɪskəs]固体力学Solid mechanic [miˈkænik] 流体力学Fluid [flu:] mechanic连续介质Continuous medium[kənˈtinjuəs ˈmi:djəm]变形协调Deformation compatibility [ˌdi:fɔ:ˈmeɪʃən kəmˌpætəˈbɪlətɪ]边界条件Boundary condition [ˈbaundəri kənˈdiʃən]自由度Degree of freedom约束Constraint [kənˈstreɪnt]平衡方程Equilibrium equation[ˌi:kwəˈlɪbri:əm iˈkweiʃən]相容方程Compatible equation[kəmˈpætəbl iˈkweiʃən]直角坐标Orthogonal coordinate / rectangular [rekˈtæŋɡjulə] coordinate极坐标Polar [ˈpəulə] coordinate影响线Influence element包络图Envelope diagram挠度Deflection [di’flekʃən]蠕变Creep [kri:p] vt﹠n松弛slack [slæk]疲劳Fatigue [fəˈti:g]断裂Fracture [ˈfræktʃə(r)]应力状态Stress state强度理论Strength theory[偏心受压Eccentric compression[ikˈsentrik kəmˈpreʃən]惯性力Inertia force[iˈnə:ʃjəfɔ:s]冲击荷载Impact load[ˈimpækt ləud]刚片Rigid member[ˈridʒid ˈmembə]角位移Angular displacement[ˈæŋgjələdɪsˈpleɪsmənt]线位移Linear [ˈlɪniə(r)] displacement几何约束Geometrical constraint[dʒɪəˈmetrɪkəl kənˈstreint]应力函数Stress function[stres ˈfʌŋkʃən] 应变能Strain energy[strein ˈenədʒi]超静定的Indeterminate [ˌɪndɪˈtɜ:mɪnət] 安全系数safety factor[ˈseifti ˈfæktə]许用应力Allowable [əˈlaʊəbl] stress应力集中Stress concentration[stres ˌkɔnsənˈtreiʃən]压杆稳定stability of compressed bar惯性矩Inertia[iˈnə:ʃjə] moment机械能Mechanical [məˈkænɪkl] energy水头高度water head height层流laminar ['læmɪnə] flow紊流turbulent [ˈtɜ:bjələns] flow转动刚度Rotation stiffness[rəʊˈteɪʃən stɪfnɪs]项目管理project management工程咨询engineering consulting可行性研究feasibility study初步设计preliminary design施工图设计construction drawing design 招投标bidding['bɪdɪŋ]合同contract['kɑntrækt]业主employer[ɪm'plɔɪɚ]设计单位design unit施工单位construction unit监理工程师supervision engineer项目计划project plan项目进度project schedule施工组织设计construction organization design竣工图completion drawing剖面图sectional drawing平面图plain view drawing变更variation[,vɛrɪ'eʃən]索赔claim[klem]联合体joint venture项目部project department施工图预算working drawing budget现场管理site management施工管理construction management 质量管理quality management验收acceptance[ək'sɛptəns]竣工completion [kəm'pliʃən]采购procurement[prə'kjʊrmənt]供货商supplier [sə'plaɪɚ]临时工程temporary work延误或拖期delay[dɪ'le]成本cost[kɔst]风险risk[rɪsk]规范specification['spɛsəfə'keʃən]施工图construction drawing预算budget详细设计detailed design 项目决策project decision招标公告tender announcement招标代理bidding agency要约offer ['ɔfɚ]承诺promise['prɑmɪs]投标保证金tender deposit中标acceptance of the bid标书bid [bɪd]设计施工总承包Engineering--Procurement--Construction(EPC) 总承包商general contractor分包商subcontractor[sʌb'kɑntræktɚ]转包subcontract[,sʌbkən'trækt]总价合同lump sum contract单价合同unit price contract成本加酬金合同reimbursement cost plus fees contract总图general drawing融资租赁financial leasing报表statement['stetmənt]项目组织project organization项目结构project structure监督Superintendence [,sʊprɪn'tɛndəns] 调解mediation[midɪ'eʃən]仲裁arbitration [,ɑrbɪ'treʃən]诉讼litigation ['lɪtə'geʃən]行政复议administrative reconsideration 会议纪要conference summary工作日志log book交货期delivery time海关清关customs clearance(甘特图)横道图Gantt chart/bar chart网络图network['nɛtwɝk]进展速度rate of progress进度计划programme['prəʊgræm]指定分包商nominated subcontractor不可抗力force majeure进度管理schedule management人力资源管理human resources management总承包管理general contract management 监理单位supervision unit国际惯例international practice预付款advance payment工期管理project time management成本管理cost management质量安全管理quality-safetymanagement风险管理risk management分部工程branch engineering分项工程subentry engineering竣工检验Tests on Completion安全措施safety measures现场数据site data保险insurance设计概算design estimate竣工结算completion settlement保函guarantee[,ɡærən'ti]履约performance[pɚ'fɔrməns]违约default[dɪ'fɔlt]施工作业construction operation台班one-shift工期控制time limit control工程量清单bill of quanities第11 页。
岩土专业英汉词汇
R.K.S. Chan Head, Geotechnical Engineering Office July 2004
f Chinese in oral and written communication on geotechnical and related subjects is getting common in Hong Kong. This Glossary contains a comprehensive collection of the Chinese translations of about 6,500 terms frequently met by geotechnical professionals in Hong Kong in their work. In some cases, a geotechnical term may be translated into Chinese in more than one way due to different local usage, language style, or personal preference. The different translations are listed in the Glossary for reference by readers. The Glossary was jointly produced by the Association of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Specialists (Hong Kong) Ltd., the Department of Civil and Structural Engineering of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, the Geotechnical Division of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, and the Geotechnical Engineering Office of the Civil Engineering and Development Department. A Steering Group, comprising Dr C.K. Lau, Dr Victor K.S. Li, Dr David X.C. Li, Mr H.N. Wong and Professor J.H. Yin, oversaw the compilation of the Glossary. Professor John Wang prepared a glossary for terms used in Geotechnical Manual for Slopes; these terms have also been incorporated in this Glossary. Mr Philip W.K. Chung and Mr Jerry L. P. Ho assisted in the final phase of compilation of the Glossary. Many other geotechnical professionals in Hong Kong and elsewhere have provided invaluable advice, suggestions and assistance. We hope that the Glossary will facilitate the use of Chinese in the geotechnical profession and help standardize the Chinese translation of the commonly used geotechnical terms in Hong Kong. Comments and suggestions for improvement to this Glossary are most welcome. These should be addressed to Chief Geotechnical Engineer/Planning Division of Geotechnical Engineering Office, 11/F, Civil Engineering and Development Building, 101 Princess Margaret Road, Homantin, Kowloon. A proforma to facilitate provision of feedback is given at the end of this report.
岩土工程专业英语词汇
岩土工程专业英语词汇一. 综合类1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程2.foundation engineering基础工程3.soil, earth土4.soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics土动力学6.stress path应力路径7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类1.residual soil残积土groundwater level地下水位2.groundwater 地下水groundwater table地下水位3.clay minerals粘土矿物4.secondary minerals次生矿物ndslides滑坡6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravelly sand砾砂12.coarse sand粗砂13.medium sand中砂14.fine sand细砂15.silty sand粉土16.clayey soil粘性土17.clay粘土18.silty clay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandy silt砂质粉土21.clayey silt粘质粉土22.saturated soil饱和土23.unsaturated soil非饱和土24.fill (soil)填土25.overconsolidated soil超固结土26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土28.zonal soil区域性土29.soft clay软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土31.peat泥炭32.loess黄土33.frozen soil冻土三. 土的基本物理力学性质 compression index2.cu undrained shear strength3.cu/p0 ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0(cu/p0)NC ,(cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively4.cvane cohesive strength from vane test5.e0 natural void ratio6.Ip plasticity index7.K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for total stressesσ1 andσ28.K0‟domain for effective stressesσ1 … andσ2‟9.K0n K0 for normally consolidated state10.K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading or an undrained condition11.K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic loading(frequency less than 1Hz),as a pseudo- dynamic test for K0 coefficient12.kh ,kv permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively13.N blow count, standard penetration test14.OCR over-consolidation ratio15.pc preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test16.p0 effective overburden pressure17.p s specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test18.qu unconfined compressive strength19.U, Um degree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen20.u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively21.w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively22.σ1,σ2principal stresses, σ1 … andσ2‟ denote effective principal stresses23.Atterberg limits阿太堡界限24.degree of saturation饱和度25.dry unit weight干重度26.moist unit weight湿重度27.saturated unit weight饱和重度28.effective unit weight有效重度29.density密度pactness密实度31.maximum dry density最大干密度32.optimum water content最优含水量33.three phase diagram三相图34.tri-phase soil三相土35.soil fraction粒组36.sieve analysis筛分37.hydrometer analysis比重计分析38.uniformity coefficient不均匀系数39.coefficient of gradation级配系数40.fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)细粒土41.coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土42.Unified soil classification system土的统一分类系统43.ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer美国土木工程师学会44.AASHTO= American Association State Highway Officials美国州公路官员协会45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy‟s law达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepage pressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepage force渗透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力4.total stress总应力5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6.low activity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxial test三轴试验9.foundation design基础设计10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载力12.soil mass土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体16.homogeneous均质17.isotropic各向同性18.strip footing条基19.square spread footing方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载22.live load活载23.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load长期荷载25.reduced load折算荷载26.settlement沉降27.deformation变形28.casing套管29.dike=dyke堤（防）30.clay fraction粘粒粒组31.physical properties物理性质32.subgrade路基33.well-graded soil级配良好土34.poorly-graded soil级配不良土35.normal stresses正应力36.shear stresses剪应力37.principal plane主平面38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finite element method有限元法41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法42.pore water pressure孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数pression index压缩指数47.swelling index回弹指数48.geostatic stress自重应力49.additional stress附加应力50.total stress总应力51.final settlement最终沉降52.slip line滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水1 excavation开挖（挖方）2 dewatering（基坑）降水3 failure of foundation基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8 dewatering method降低地下水位法9 well point system井点系统（轻型）10 deep well point深井点11 vacuum well point真空井点12 braced cuts支撑围护13 braced excavation支撑开挖14 braced sheeting支撑挡板七. 深基础--deep foundation1.pile foundation桩基础1)cast –in-place灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4)steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile钢管桩steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile端承桩6.shaft竖井；桩身7.wave equation analysis波动方程分析8.pile caps承台（桩帽）9.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap低桩承台15.high-rise pile cap高桩承台16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling静力压桩18.uplift pile抗拔桩19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩20.pile groups群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）22.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应23.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术24.final set最后贯入度25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验27.pile head=butt桩头28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）29.pile spacing桩距30.pile plan桩位布置图31.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置32.group action群桩作用33.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻35.pile cushion桩垫36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩37.pile pulling test拔桩试验38.pile shoe桩靴39.pile noise打桩噪音40.pile rig打桩机八. 地基处理--ground treatment1.technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基处理技术规范2.cushion垫层法3.preloading预压法4.dynamic compaction强夯法5.dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换法6.vibroflotation method振冲法7.sand-gravel pile砂石桩8.gravel pile(stone column)碎石桩9.cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩10.cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩11.cement column水泥桩12.lime pile (lime column)石灰桩13.jet grouting高压喷射注浆法14.rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法15.lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩lime soil pile灰土挤密桩16.chemical stabilization化学加固法17.surface compaction表层压实法18.surcharge preloading超载预压法19.vacuum preloading真空预压法20.sand wick袋装砂井21.geofabric ,geotextile土工织物posite foundation复合地基23.reinforcement method加筋法24.dewatering method降低地下水固结法25.freezing and heating冷热处理法26.expansive ground treatment膨胀土地基处理27.ground treatment in mountain area山区地基处理28.collapsible loess treatment湿陷性黄土地基处理29.artificial foundation人工地基30.natural foundation天然地基31.pillow褥垫32.soft clay ground软土地基33.sand drain砂井34.root pile树根桩35.plastic drain塑料排水带36.replacement ratio（复合地基）置换率九. 固结consolidation1.Terzzaghi‟s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2.Barraon‟s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3.Biot‟s consolidatio n theory比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil超固结土6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9.primary consolidation主固结10.secondary consolidation次固结11.degree of consolidation固结度12.consolidation test固结试验13.consolidation curve固结曲线14.time factor Tv时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十. 抗剪强度shear strength1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength残余强度3.long-term strength长期强度4.peak strength峰值强度5.shear strain rate剪切应变速率6.dilatation剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚力12.failure criterion破坏准则13.vane strength十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数十一. 本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model边界面模型6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model刚塑性模型8.cap model盖帽模型9.work softening加工软化10.work hardening加工硬化11.Cambridge model剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yield surface屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus弹性模量17.Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型十二. 地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏2.general shear failure整体剪切破化3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力十三. 土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure主动土压力2.passive earth pressure被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest静止土压力4.Coulomb‟s earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论5.Rankine‟s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论十四. 土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose休止角2.Bishop method毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method条分法十五. 挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall基础墙3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙十六. 板桩结构物--sheet pile structure1.steel sheet pile钢板桩2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles钢桩4.wooden sheet pile木板桩5.timber piles木桩十七. 浅基础--shallow foundation1.box foundation箱型基础2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基础3.strip foundation条形基础4.spread footing扩展基础pensated foundation补偿性基础6.bearing stratum持力层7.rigid foundation刚性基础8.flexible foundation柔性基础9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度 foundation pressure基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八. 土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils动强度2.wave velocity method波速法3.material damping材料阻尼4.geometric damping几何阻尼5.damping ratio阻尼比6.initial liquefaction初始液化7.natural period of soil site地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切模量9.dynamic magnification factor动力放大因素10.liquefaction strength抗液化强度11.dimensionless frequency无量纲频率12.evaluation of liquefaction液化势评价13.stress wave in soils土中应力波14.dynamic settlement振陷（动沉降）十九. 动力机器基础1.equivalent lumped parameter method等效集总参数法2.dynamic subgrade reaction method动基床反力法3.vibration isolation隔振4.foundation vibration基础振动5.elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration基础振动弹性半空间理论6.allowable amplitude of foundation基础振动容许振幅7.natural frequency of foundation基础自振频率二十. 地基基础抗震1.earthquake engineering地震工程2.soil dynamics土动力学3.duration of earthquake地震持续时间4.earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude震级7.seismic predominant period地震卓越周期8.maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度二十一. 室内土工实验1.high pressure consolidation test高压固结试验2.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验3.falling head permeability变水头试验4.constant head permeability常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固结不排水试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test固结不排水试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test固结排水试验(CD)paction test击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪试验12.sieve analysis筛分析13.geotechnical model test土工模型试验14.centrifugal model test离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus直剪仪16.direct shear test直剪试验17.direct simple shear test直接单剪试验18.dynamic triaxial test三轴试验19.dynamic simple shear动单剪20.free（resonance）vibration column test自(共)振柱试验二十二. 原位测试1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验2.surface wave test (SWT)表面波试验3.dynamic penetration test(DPT)动力触探试验4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验5.plate loading test静力荷载试验teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验9.screw plate test螺旋板载荷试验10.pressuremeter test旁压试验11.light sounding轻便触探试验12.deep settlement measurement深层沉降观测13.vane shear test十字板剪切试验14.field permeability test现场渗透试验15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测16.in-situ soil test原位试验。
岩土工程勘察专业英语词汇
岩土工程勘察专业英语词汇Hand Auguring Total Footage of hand auguring Mackintosh probe test Soil Resistivity Test Factual report Interpretation report Subtotal Price of （1-5）（RM） TAX（RM） Total Price（6+7）(RM) 序号名词（中文）名词（英文） 1 K0固结 consolidation under K0 condition2 K0固结不排水试验 K0 consolidated undrained test3 K0固结排水试验 K0 consolidated drained test4 阿太堡界限 Atterberg limits5 安息角（台）angle of repose6 安息角（台） angle of repose7 巴隆固结理论 Barron's consolidation theory8 板桩 sheet pile9 板桩结构 sheet pile structure 10 板桩围护 sheet pile-braced cuts 11 饱和度 degree of saturation 12 饱和密度 saturated density 13 饱和土 saturated soil 14 饱和重度 saturated unit weight 15 杯形基础 16 贝诺托灌注桩 Benoto cast-in-place pile 17 被动土压力 passive earth pressure18 被动土压力系数 coefficient of passive earth pressure 19 本构模型constitutive model 20 比奥固结理论 Biot's consolidation theory 21 比重specific gravity 22 比重试验 specific gravity test 23 比阻尼容量specific gravity capacity 24 比阻尼容量 specific gravity capacity 25 毕肖普法 Bishop method26 边界面模型 boundary surface model 27 边坡稳定安全系数 safety factor of slope 28 变水头渗透试验 falling head permeability test 29 变形 deformation 30 变形模量 modulus of deformation 31 变质岩 metamorphic rock 32 标准冻深 standard frost penetration33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 标准贯入试验 standard penetration test 表层压密法 surface compaction 表面波试验 surface wave test 冰川沉积 glacial deposit 冰积层（台） glacial deposit 波的弥散特性 dispersion of waves 波动方程分析 Wave equation analysis 波速法 wave velocity method 泊松比 Poisson's ratio补偿性基础 compensated foundation 不固结不排水试验unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test 不均匀系数 coefficient of uniformity, uniformity coefficient 不排水抗剪强度 undrained shear strength 不平衡推理传递法 unbalanced thrust transmission method 布西涅斯克解 Boussinnesq's solution 材料阻尼 material damping 残积土 eluvial soil, residual soil 残余变形 residual deformation残余孔隙水压力 residual pore water pressure 残余内摩擦角 residual angle of internal friction 残余强度 residual strength 层理 beding层向各向同性体模型 cross anisotropic model 长期强度 long-term strength 长石 feldspar 常规固结试验 routine consolidation test常水头渗透试验 constant head permeability test 场铸桩（台)cast-in-place pile 超弹性模型 hyperelastic model 超固结比over-consolidation ratio 超固结土 overconsolidated soil超静孔隙水压力 excess pore water pressure 超静孔隙水压力 excess pore water pressure 超声波试验 ultrasonic wave test 超载预压 surcharge preloading沉管灌注桩 diving casting cast-in-place pile 沉积岩 sedimentary rock 沉降 settlement沉降比 settlement ratio 沉井基础 open-end caisson foundation 沉箱基础 box caisson foundation 成孔灌注同步桩 synchronous pile 承台 pile caps承压水 confined water77 承载比试验 Califonia Bearing Ratio Test 78 持力层 bearing stratum 79 充盈系数 fullness coefficient 80 充重塑土 81 冲剪破坏 punching shear failure 82 冲填土 dredger fill 83 稠度 consistency 84 初始液化initial liquefaction 85 触变 thixotropy86 次层（台） substratum 87 次层（台） substratum88 次固结 secondary consolidation89 次固结沉降 secondary consolidation settlement 90 次固结系数coefficient of secondary consolidation 91 次生矿物 secondary mineral 92 次压缩（台） secondary consolidatin 93 达西定律 Darcy's law 94 大地工程 geotechnical engineering 95 袋装砂井 sand wick 96 单独基础individual footing 97 单剪仪 simple shear apparatus 98 单粒结构single-grained structure 99 单向度压密（台） one-dimensional consolidation 100 单轴抗拉强度 uniaxial tension test 101 单轴拉伸试验uniaxial tensile test102 单桩承载力 bearing capacity of single pile103 单桩横向极限承载力 ultimate lateral resistance of single pile 104 单桩横向载荷试验 lateral load test of pile 105 单桩竖向静载荷试验static load test of pile106 单桩竖向抗拔极限承载力 vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile 107 单桩竖向抗压极限承载力 vertical allowable load capacity of single pile 108 单桩竖向抗压容许承载力 vertical ultimate carrying capacity of single pile 109 挡土墙 retaining wall 110 挡土墙排水设施 111 挡土墙稳定性 stability of retaining wall 112 倒梁法 inverted beam method 113 德鲁克－普拉格准则 Drucker-Prager criterion 114 等速加荷固结试验constant loading rate consolidatin test 115 等梯度固结试验 constant gradient consolidation test 116 等效集总参数法 constant strain rate consolidation test117 等应变速率固结试验 equivalent lumped parameter method 118 邓肯－张模型 Duncan-Chang model 119 低桩承台 low pile cap 120 地工织物geofabric, geotextile121 地基 subgrade, ground, foundation soil122 地基沉降的弹性力学公式 elastic formula for settlement calculation 123 地基承载力 bearing capacity of foundation soil 124 地基处理 ground treatment, foundation treatment 125 地基固有周期 natural period of soilsite 126 地基固有周期 natural period of soil site 127 地基固有周期natural period of soil site128 地基极限承载力 ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil 129 地基稳定性 stability of foundation soil130 地基允许承载力 allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil 131 地下连续墙 diaphgram wall 132 地下水 groundwater 133 地震 earthquake, seism, temblor 134 地震持续时间 duration of earthquake135 地震等效均匀剪应力 equivalent even shear stress of earthquake 136 地震反应谱 earthquake response spectrum 137 地震烈度 earthquake intensity 138 地震震级 earthquake magnitude 139 地震卓越周期 seismic predominant period140 地震最大加速度 maximum acceleration of earthquake 141 地质年代geological age 142 地质图 geological map 143 点承桩（台） end-bearing pile 144 电动化学灌浆 electrochemical grouting 145 电渗法electro-osmotic drainage 146 电渗法 electro-osmotic drainage 147 顶升纠偏法 148 定喷 directional jet grouting 149 动基床反力法 dynamic subgrade reaction method 150 动剪切模量 dynamic shear modulus of soils 151 动剪切强度 152 动力布西涅斯克解 dynamic solution of Boussinesq 153 动力触探试验 dynamic penetration test 154 动力打桩公式 dynamic pile driving formula 155 动力放大因数 dynamic magnification factor 156 动力放大因素 dynamic magnification factor 157 动力放大因素 dynamic magnification factor 158 动力性质 dynamic properties of soils 159 动强度 dynamic strength of soils 160 动强度 dynamic strength of soils 161 冻土 frozen soil, tjaele 162 冻土地基处理 frozen foundation improvement 163 端承桩 end-bearing pile 164 短桩处理 treatment with short pile 165 断层 fault 166 断裂构造 fracture structure 167 堆载预压法preloading168 对数递减率 logrithmic decrement 169 多维固结 multi-dimensional consolidation 170 垛式挡土墙 171 法兰基灌注桩 Franki pile 172 反分析法back analysis method 173 反复直剪强度试验 repeated direct shear test 174 反压饱和法 back pressure saturation method 175 非饱和土 unsaturated soil176 非线性弹性模量 nonlinear elastic model 177 费伦纽斯条分法Fellenius method of slices 178 分层总和法 layerwise summation method 179 分散性土 dispersive soil180 粉体喷射深层搅拌法 powder deep mixing method 181 粉土 silt, mo 182 粉质粘土 silty clay 183 峰值强度 peak strength 184 蜂窝结构 honeycomb structure 185 伏斯列夫参数 Hvorslev parameter 186 扶垛式挡土墙counterfort retaining wall 187 负孔隙水压力 negative pore water pressure 188 负摩擦力 negative skin friction of pile 189 附加应力 superimposed stress 190 复合地基 composite foundation 191 盖帽模型 cap model 192 干密度 dry density193 干振成孔灌注桩 vibratory bored pile 194 干重度 dry unit weight 195 刚塑性模型 rigid plastic model 196 刚性基础 rigid foundation 197 刚性角 pressure distribution angle of masonary foundation 198 刚性系数 coefficient of rigidity 199 钢板桩 steel sheet pile200 钢筋混凝土板桩 reinforced concrete sheet pile 201 钢筋混凝土预制桩 precast reinforced concrete piles 202 钢桩 steel pile 203 钢桩 steel pile 204 高杯口基础 205 高岭石 kaolinite 206 高压固结试验 high pressure consolidation test 207 高压喷射注浆法 jet grounting 208 高桩承台 high-rise pile cap。
岩土专业英汉词汇
GLOSSARY OF GEOTECHNICAL TERMSENGLISH TO CHINESE岩土专业英汉词汇GEO REPORT No. 148Association of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Specialists (Hong Kong)Ltd,Department of Civil and Structural Engineering of The Hong KongPolytechnic University,Geotechnical Division of The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, andGeotechnical Engineering OfficeGEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING OFFICECIVIL ENGINEERING AND DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT THE GOVERNMENT OF THE HONG KONGSPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGIONGLOSSARY OF GEOTECHNICAL TERMSENGLISH TO CHINESE岩土专业英汉词汇GEO REPORT No. 148Association of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Specialists (Hong Kong)Ltd,Department of Civil and Structural Engineering of The Hong KongPolytechnic University,Geotechnical Division of The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, andGeotechnical Engineering Office© The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region First published, July 2004Prepared by:Geotechnical Engineering Office,Civil Engineering and Development Department,Civil Engineering and Development Building,101 Princess Margaret Road,Homantin, Kowloon,Hong Kong.PREFACEIn keeping with our policy of releasing information which may be of general interest to the geotechnical profession and the public, we make available selected internal reports in a series of publications termed the GEO Report series. The GEO Reports can be downloaded from the website of the Civil Engineering and Development Department (.hk) on the Internet. Printed copies are also available for some GEO Reports. For printed copies, a charge is made to cover the cost of printing.The Geotechnical Engineering Office also produces documents specifically for publication. These include guidance documents and results of comprehensive reviews. These publications and the printed GEO Reports may be obtained from the Government’s Information Services Department. Information on how to purchase these documentsis given on the last page of this report.R.K.S. ChanHead, Geotechnical Engineering OfficeJuly 2004FOREWORDUse of Chinese in oral and written communication on geotechnical and related subjects is getting common in Hong Kong. This Glossary contains a comprehensive collection of the Chinese translations of about 6,500 terms frequently met by geotechnical professionals in Hong Kong in their work. In some cases, a geotechnical term may be translated into Chinese in more than one way due to different local usage, language style, or personal preference. The different translations are listed in the Glossary for reference by readers.The Glossary was jointly produced by the Association of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Specialists (Hong Kong) Ltd., the Department of Civil and Structural Engineering of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, the Geotechnical Division of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, and the Geotechnical Engineering Office of the Civil Engineering and Development Department. A Steering Group, comprising Dr C.K. Lau, Dr Victor K.S. Li, Dr David X.C. Li, Mr H.N. Wong and Professor J.H. Yin, oversaw the compilation of the Glossary. Professor John Wang prepared a glossary for terms used in Geotechnical Manual for Slopes; these terms have also been incorporated in this Glossary. Mr Philip W.K. Chung and Mr Jerry L. P. Ho assisted in the final phase of compilation of the Glossary. Many other geotechnical professionals in Hong Kong and elsewhere have provided invaluable advice, suggestions and assistance.We hope that the Glossary will facilitate the use of Chinese in the geotechnical profession and help standardize the Chinese translation of the commonly used geotechnical terms in Hong Kong. Comments and suggestions for improvement to this Glossary are most welcome. These should be addressed to Chief Geotechnical Engineer/Planning Division of Geotechnical Engineering Office, 11/F, Civil Engineering and Development Building, 101 Princess Margaret Road, Homantin, Kowloon. A proforma to facilitate provision of feedback is given at the end of this report.Y.C. ChanDeputy Head, Geotechnical Engineering Office(Planning and Standards)EXPLANATORY NOTES1. The Glossary provides the Chinese equivalent of about 6,500 geotechnical terms in English which are listed bilingually in alphabetical order.2. For an English term which can be translated into two or more Chinese terms with similar meanings, the Chinese translations are separated by a coma, e.g. bulking 体胀，胀大3. For an English term which can be translated into two or more Chinese terms of different meanings, the Chinese translations are separated by semicolons, e.g. fill 填方，填土；填料；填塞4. For an English term which can be translated into a Chinese term with different Chinese characters, the alternative Chinese characters are placed in square brackets, e.g. oscillograph 示波仪[器]5. For a term where there are optional words that elaborate on the term, the optional words are placed in brackets, e.g. meteoric water 大气(降)水6. Words that define the context in which a term is used are placed in parentheses before the Chinese translation, e.g. pinhole test (分散性土) 针孔试验使用说明1. 本「岩土专业英汉词汇」总共收纳了六千五百多条岩土专业术语和词汇，这些术语和词汇按英文字母顺序编排。
岩土工程专业英语单词表
专业外语一。
综合类1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程2.foundation engineering基础工程3.soil, earth土4.soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic found粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics土动力学6.stress path应力路径二．土的分类1.residual soil残积土groundwater level地下水位2.groundwater 地下水groundwater table地下水位3.clay minerals粘土矿物4.secondary minerals次生矿物ndslides滑坡6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravelly sand砾砂12.coarse sand粗砂13.medium sand中砂14.fine sand细砂15.silty sand粉土16.clayey soil粘性土17.clay粘土18.silty clay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandy silt砂质粉土21.clayey silt粘质粉土22.saturated soil饱和土23.unsaturated soil非饱和土24.fill (soil)填土三．土的基本物理力学性质1.c c Compression index2.c u undrained shear strength3.c u/p0 ratio of undrained strength c u to effective overburden stress p0(c u/p0)NC,(c u/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated andoverconsolidated, respectively4.c vane cohesive strength from vane test5.e0 natural void ratio6.I p plasticity index7.K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for total stressesσ1 andσ28.K0’ do main for effective stressesσ1 ‘ andσ2’9.K0n K0 for normally consolidated state10.K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulatinginstantaneous loading or an undrained conditionK0d K0coefficient under cyclic loading (frequency less than 1 Hz),as a11.pseudo-dynamic test for K0 coefficient12.k h ,k v permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively13.N blow count ,standard penetration test14.OCR over-consolidation ratio15.p c preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test16.p0 effective overburden pressure17.p s specific cone penetration resistance ,from static cone test18.q u unconfined compressive strengt h19.U,U m degree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen20.u ,u b ,u m pore pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and meanvalue, respectively21.w0 w L w p natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively22.σ1,σ2 principal stresses, σ1 ‘ andσ2’ denote effective principal stresses 四．渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law 达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepage (force) pressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.hydraulic gradient水力梯度11.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五．地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力total stress总应力4.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度5.low activity低活性6.sensitivity灵敏度7.triaxial test三轴试验8.foundation design基础设计9.recompaction再压缩10.bearing capacity承载力11.soil mass土体12.contact pressure接触应力13.concentrated load集中荷载14. a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体15.homogeneous均质16.isotropic各向同性17.strip footing条基18.square spread footing方形独立基础19.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）20.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载21.live load活载22.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载23.long-term transient load长期荷载24.reduced load折算荷载25.settlement沉降deformation变形26.casing套管27.dike=dyke堤（防）28.clay fraction粘粒粒组29.physical properties物理性质30.subgrade路基31.well-graded soil级配良好土32.poorly-graded soil级配不良土33.sieve筛子34.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件35.FEM=finite element method有限元法36.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法37.pore water pressure孔隙水压力38.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力39.modulus of compressibility压缩模量40.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数pression index压缩指数42.swelling index回弹指数43.geostatic stress自重应力44.additional stress附加应力45.total stress总应力46.final settlement最终沉降47.slip line滑动线六．基坑开挖与降水1.excavation开挖（挖方）2.dewatering（基坑）降水3.failure of foundation基坑失稳4.bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5.bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6.retaining wall挡土墙7.pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8.dewatering method降低地下水位法9.well point system井点系统（轻型）10.deep well point深井点11.vacuum well point真空井点12.braced cuts支撑围护braced excavation支撑开挖braced sheeting支撑挡板七．深基础deep foundation1.pile foundation桩基础1)cast –in-place灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4)steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile钢管桩steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile摩擦桩end-bearing pile端承桩5.(pile)shaft桩身6.wave equation analysis波动方程分析7.pile caps承台（桩帽）8.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验10.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力11.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验12.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力13.low pile cap低桩承台14.high-rise pile cap高桩承台15.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力16.silent piling静力压桩17.uplift pile抗拔桩18.anti-slide pile抗滑桩19.pile groups群桩20.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）21.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应22.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术23.final set最后贯入度24.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验25.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验26.pile head=butt桩头27.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）28.pile spacing桩距29.pile plan桩位布置图30.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置31.group action群桩作用32.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻33.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻34.pile cushion桩垫35.pile driving(by vibration) 打桩（振动）36.pile pulling test拔桩试验37.pile shoe桩靴38.pile noise打桩噪音39.pile rig打桩机八．地基处理（ground treatment）1.technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基处理技术规范2.cushion垫层法3.preloading预压法4.dynamic compaction强夯法5.dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换法6.vibroflotation method振冲法7.sand-gravel pile砂石桩pile-stone column砂石桩8.cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩9.cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩10.cement column水泥桩11.lime pile (lime column)石灰桩12.jet grouting高压喷射注浆法13.rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法14.lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩lime soil pile灰土挤密桩15.chemical stabilization化学加固法16.surface compaction 表层压实法17.surcharge preloading超载预压法vacuum preloading真空预压法18.sand wick袋装砂井19.geofabric ,geotextile土工织物posite foundation复合地基21.reinforcement method加筋法22.dewatering method降低地下水固结法23.freezing and heating冷热处理法24.expansive ground treatment膨胀土地基处理25.ground treatment in mountain area山区地基处理26.collapsible loess treatment湿陷性黄土地基处理27.artificial foundation人工地基natural foundation天然地基28.pillow褥垫29.soft clay ground软土地基30.sand drain砂井31.root pile树根桩32.plastic drain塑料排水带33.stone column碎石桩gravel pile碎石桩34.replacement ratio（复合地基）置换率九．固结consolidation1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3.Biot’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil超固结土6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9.primary consolidation主固结10.secondary consolidation次固结11.degree of consolidation固结度12.consolidation test固结试验13.consolidation curve固结曲线14.time factor T v时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十．抗剪强度shear strength1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength残余强度3.long-term strength长期强度4.peak strength峰值强度5.shear strain rate剪切应变强度6.dilatation剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚力12.failure criterion破坏准则13.vane strength十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter十一.本构模型constitutive method1.elastic model弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model边界面模型6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model刚塑性模型8.cap model盖帽模型9.work softening加工软化10.work hardening加工硬化11.Cambridge model剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yield surface屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus弹性模量17.Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型十二.地基承载力bearing capacity of foundation soil1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏2.general shear failure整体剪切破化3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力十三.土压力earth pressure1.active earth pressure主动土压力2.passive earth pressure被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest静止土压力4.Coulomb’s earth pressure the ory库仑土压力理论5.Rankine’s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论十四.土坡稳定分析slope stability analysis1.angle of repose休止角2.Bishop method毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method十五.挡土墙retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall基础墙3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙十六.板桩结构物sheet pile structure1.steel sheet pile钢板桩2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles钢桩4.wooden sheet pile木板桩5.timber piles木桩十七.浅基础shallow foundation1.box foundation箱型基础2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基础3.strip foundation条形基础4.spread footing扩展基础pensated foundation补偿性基础6.bearing stratum持力层7.rigid foundation刚性基础8.flexible foundation柔性基础9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度 foundation pressure基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八.土的动力性质dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils动强度2.wave velocity method波速法3.material damping材料阻尼4.geometric damping几何阻尼5.damping ratio阻尼比6.initial liquefaction初始液化7.natural period of soil site地基固有强度8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切强度9.dynamic magnification factor动力放大因素10.liquefaction strength抗液化强度11.dimensionless frequency无量纲频率12.evaluation of liquefaction液化势评价13.stress wave in soils土中应力波14.dynamic settlement振幅十九.动力机器基础1.equivalent lumped parameter method等效集总参数法2.dynamic subgrade reaction method动基床反力法3.vibration isolation隔振4.foundation vibration基础振动5.elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration基础振动弹性半空间理论6.allowable amplitude of foundation基础振动频率振幅7.natural frequency of foundation基础自震频率二十.地基基础抗震1.earthquake engineering地震工程2.soil dynamics土动力学3.duration of earthquake地震持续时间4.earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude震级7.seismic predominant period地震卓越周期8.maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度二十一.室内土工实验1.high pressure consolidation test高压固结试验2.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验3.falling head permeability变水头试验4.constant head permeability常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固结不排水试验6.consolidated undrained triaxial test固结不排水试验7.consolidated drained triaxial test固结排水试验paction test击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪试验12.sieve analysis筛分析13.geotechnical model test土工模型试验14.centrifugal model test离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus直剪仪16.direct shear test直剪试验17.direct simple shear test直接单剪试验18.dynamic triaxial test三轴试验19.dynamic simple shear动单剪20.free（resonance）vibration column test自(共)振柱试验二十二.原位测试1.standard penetration test(SPT) 标准灌入试验2.surface wave test (SWT) 表面波试验3.dynamic penetration test(DPT) 动力触探试验4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验5.plate loading test 静力荷载试验teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验9.screw plate test 螺旋板载荷试验10.pressuremeter test 旁压试验11.light sounding 轻便触探试验12.deep settlement measurement 深层沉降观测13.vane shear test 十字板剪切试验14.field permeability test 现场渗透试验15.in-site pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测16.in-site soil test 原位试验-over-。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
岩土工程中英文词汇对照来源：刘燚龙[Jet]的日志一. 综合类1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程2.foundation engineering基础工程3.soil, earth土4.soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics土动力学6.stress path应力路径7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类1.residual soil残积土 groundwater level地下水位2.groundwater 地下水groundwater table地下水位3.clay minerals粘土矿物4.secondary minerals次生矿物ndslides滑坡6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravelly sand砾砂12.coarse sand粗砂13.medium sand中砂14.fine sand细砂15.silty sand粉土16.clayey soil粘性土17.clay粘土18.silty clay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandy silt砂质粉土21.clayey silt粘质粉土22.saturated soil饱和土23.unsaturated soil非饱和土24.fill (soil)填土25.overconsolidated soil超固结土26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土28.zonal soil区域性土29.soft clay软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土31.peat泥炭32.loess黄土33.frozen soil冻土三. 土的基本物理力学性质 compression index2.cu undrained shear strength3.cu/p0 ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0(cu/p0)NC ,(cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overco nsolidated, respectively4.cvane cohesive strength from vane test5.e0 natural void ratio6.Ip plasticity index7.K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for total stressesσ1andσ28.K0‟ domain for effective stressesσ1…andσ2‟9.K0n K0 for normally consolidated state10.K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading o r an undrained condition11.K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic loading(frequency less than 1Hz),as a pseudo- dynamic test for K0 coefficient12.kh ,kv permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively13.N blow count, standard penetration test14.OCR over-consolidation ratio15.pc preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test16.p0 effective overburden pressure17.p s specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test18.qu unconfined compressive strength19.U, Um degree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen20.u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively21.w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively22.σ1,σ2 principal stresses, σ1…andσ2‟ denote effective principal stresses23.Atterberg limits阿太堡界限24.degree of saturation饱和度25.dry unit weight干重度26.moist unit weight湿重度27.saturated unit weight饱和重度28.effective unit weight有效重度29.density密度pactness密实度31.maximum dry density最大干密度32.optimum water content最优含水量33.three phase diagram三相图34.tri-phase soil三相土35.soil fraction粒组36.sieve analysis筛分37.hydrometer analysis比重计分析38.uniformity coefficient不均匀系数39.coefficient of gradation级配系数40.fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)细粒土41.coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土42.Unified soil classification system土的统一分类系统43.ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer美国土木工程师学会44.AASHTO= American Association State Highway Officials美国州公路官员协会45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy‟s law 达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepage pressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepage force渗透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力4.total stress总应力5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6.low activity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxial test三轴试验9.foundation design基础设计10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载力12.soil mass土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体16.homogeneous均质17.isotropic各向同性18.strip footing条基19.square spread footing方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载22.live load活载23.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load长期荷载25.reduced load折算荷载26.settlement沉降27.deformation变形28.casing套管29.dike=dyke堤（防）30.clay fraction粘粒粒组31.physical properties物理性质32.subgrade路基33.well-graded soil级配良好土34.poorly-graded soil级配不良土35.normal stresses正应力36.shear stresses剪应力37.principal plane主平面38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finite element method有限元法41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法42.pore water pressure孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数pression index压缩指数47.swelling index回弹指数48.geostatic stress自重应力49.additional stress附加应力50.total stress总应力51.final settlement最终沉降52.slip line滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水1 excavation开挖（挖方）2 dewatering（基坑）降水3 failure of foundation基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8 dewatering method降低地下水位法9 well point system井点系统（轻型）10 deep well point深井点11 vacuum well point真空井点12 braced cuts支撑围护13 braced excavation支撑开挖14 braced sheeting支撑挡板七. 深基础--deep foundation1.pile foundation桩基础1)cast –in-place灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4)steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile钢管桩steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile端承桩6.shaft竖井；桩身7.wave equation analysis波动方程分析8.pile caps承台（桩帽）9.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap低桩承台15.high-rise pile cap高桩承台16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling静力压桩18.uplift pile抗拔桩19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩20.pile groups群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）22.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应23.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术24.final set最后贯入度25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验27.pile head=butt桩头28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）29.pile spacing桩距30.pile plan桩位布置图31.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置32.group action群桩作用33.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻35.pile cushion桩垫36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩37.pile pulling test拔桩试验38.pile shoe桩靴39.pile noise打桩噪音40.pile rig打桩机八. 地基处理--ground treatment1.technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基处理技术规范2.cushion垫层法3.preloading预压法4.dynamic compaction强夯法5.dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换法6.vibroflotation method振冲法7.sand-gravel pile砂石桩8.gravel pile(stone column)碎石桩9.cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩10.cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩11.cement column水泥桩12.lime pile (lime column)石灰桩13.jet grouting高压喷射注浆法14.rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法15.lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩lime soil pile灰土挤密桩16.chemical stabilization化学加固法17.surface compaction表层压实法18.surcharge preloading超载预压法19.vacuum preloading真空预压法20.sand wick袋装砂井21.geofabric ,geotextile土工织物posite foundation复合地基23.reinforcement method加筋法24.dewatering method降低地下水固结法25.freezing and heating冷热处理法26.expansive ground treatment膨胀土地基处理27.ground treatment in mountain area山区地基处理28.collapsible loess treatment湿陷性黄土地基处理29.artificial foundation人工地基30.natural foundation天然地基31.pillow褥垫32.soft clay ground软土地基33.sand drain砂井34.root pile树根桩35.plastic drain塑料排水带36.replacement ratio（复合地基）置换率九. 固结consolidation1.Terzzaghi‟s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2.Barraon‟s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3.Biot‟s consolidation theory比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil超固结土6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9.primary consolidation主固结10.secondary consolidation次固结11.degree of consolidation固结度12.consolidation test固结试验13.consolidation curve固结曲线14.time factor Tv时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十. 抗剪强度shear strength1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength残余强度3.long-term strength长期强度4.peak strength峰值强度5.shear strain rate剪切应变速率6.dilatation剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚力12.failure criterion破坏准则13.vane strength十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数十一. 本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model边界面模型6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model刚塑性模型8.cap model盖帽模型9.work softening加工软化10.work hardening加工硬化11.Cambridge model剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yield surface屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus弹性模量17.Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型十二. 地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏2.general shear failure整体剪切破化3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力十三. 土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure主动土压力2.passive earth pressure被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest静止土压力4.Coulomb‟s earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论5.Rankine‟s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论十四. 土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose休止角2.Bishop method毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method条分法十五. 挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall基础墙3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙十六. 板桩结构物--sheet pile structure1.steel sheet pile钢板桩2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles钢桩4.wooden sheet pile木板桩5.timber piles木桩十七. 浅基础--shallow foundation1.box foundation箱型基础2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基础3.strip foundation条形基础4.spread footing扩展基础pensated foundation补偿性基础6.bearing stratum持力层7.rigid foundation刚性基础8.flexible foundation柔性基础9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度 foundation pressure基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八. 土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils动强度2.wave velocity method波速法3.material damping材料阻尼4.geometric damping几何阻尼5.damping ratio阻尼比6.initial liquefaction初始液化7.natural period of soil site地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切模量9.dynamic magnification factor动力放大因素10.liquefaction strength抗液化强度11.dimensionless frequency无量纲频率12.evaluation of liquefaction液化势评价13.stress wave in soils土中应力波14.dynamic settlement振陷（动沉降）十九. 动力机器基础1.equivalent lumped parameter method等效集总参数法2.dynamic subgrade reaction method动基床反力法3.vibration isolation隔振4.foundation vibration基础振动5.elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration基础振动弹性半空间理论6.allowable amplitude of foundation基础振动容许振幅7.natural frequency of foundation基础自振频率二十. 地基基础抗震1.earthquake engineering地震工程2.soil dynamics土动力学3.duration of earthquake地震持续时间4.earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude震级7.seismic predominant period地震卓越周期8.maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度二十一. 室内土工实验1.high pressure consolidation test高压固结试验2.consolidation under K0 condition。