上海市2020年高考英语一模试卷
2020年上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷
2020年上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷II. Grammar and VocabularyDirections： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.1.Ancient Myth﹣﹣﹣A Hit With Modern AudiencesThis summer’s surprise hit at movie theaters across China was the re﹣telling of the ancient myth of Nezha． The animated film （1）________（take） in over four billion yuan at the box office and become one of the country’s most successful films ever． It proved that China could produce animated films comparable to （2）________produced in Hollywood and Japan．The film， directed by Yang Yu， was a massive undertaking（任务） from start to finish． He spent two years writing the script（剧本） and three more years making a film which required the efforts of 1，600 animators． But for Yang， it was a way to prove to himself that he （3）________change his fate and inspire others to change their fate as well．“I used to suffer from a lot of prejudice after changing my career，” said Yang，“Since then I have thought about making an animated film to encourage young people to persist in their dreams．”（4）________（convey）the message that “your f ate is in your own hands，” Yang made some changes to the original myth． Nezha was born a devil（恶魔），（5）________（fate） to cause mischief（恶作剧）， but he decides to overcome his fate and to save the people of his hometown from being destroyed by Ao Bing， the third son of the Dragon King．（6）________the ancient myth being very clear about the differences between the good and the bad guys，in Yang’s film， all of the characters are treated with empathy， and even the “bad” people are also victims of their fate，（7）________， actually， have the potential to change and become good．Over the years，I have come across a few students labeled as “devils．” Although some misbehaved simply （8）________they were not mature enough， others were trouble﹣making and uncooperative when they were in a bad mood． Those students need to know they were not doomed to be bad． As they grew up， they would have the power to change their circumstances．If you have seen Nezha， you know （9）________a terrific， entertaining film it is． Butan important lesson is also conveyed in the film （10）________we should not judge ourselves or others too harshly， so as not to allow those negative judgments to control our fate．【答案】has taken,those,could,To convey,fated,Despite,who,because,what,that【考点】说明文语法填空【解析】今年夏天，中国各大电影院出人意料地热映了一部讲述古老神话的电影《哪吒》．这部动画片票房已超过40亿元，成为中国有史以来最成功的电影之一．本文讲述了电影的制作过程以及导演想要表达的思想．【解答】（1）has taken．考查谓语动词．根据副词ever以及并列的谓语动词 become ，可知谓语动词用现在完成时态，和主语The animated film 一致，谓语动词has taken．（2）those．考查代词．代指animated films ，用those．（3）could．考查情态动词．本句表示“这是一种向自己证明自己能够改变命运、激励他人改变命运的方式”，所以和上半句时态一致，表示“能够”，用情态动词could．（4）To convey．考查动词不定式．做Yang made some changes to the original myth的目的状语，用动词不定式To convey．（5）fated．考查非谓语动词．做 Nezha was born a devil（恶魔）的状语，和主语Nezha构成被动关系，表示“被赋予…的命运”，用过去分词 fated．（6）Despite．考查介词．本句表示" 尽管古老的神话对好人和坏人的区别非常清楚，但在杨的电影中，所有的角色都受到了同情“，所以表示”尽管"，修饰短语the ancient myth being very clear about the differences between the good and the bad guys，用介词Despite．（7）who．考查定语从句．代指先行词the “bad” people ，做非限制性定语从句 have the potential to change and become good的主语，用关系词who．（8）because．考查连词．本句表示“虽然有些人因为不够成熟而行为不端，还有些人在心情不好的时候却会制造麻烦和不合作．”，所以引导原因状语从句they were not mature enough，用连词because．（9）what．考查感叹句．修饰以名词a terrific， entertaining film开头的感叹句it is，用what．（10）that．考查同位语从句．说明名词 an important lesson 的内容，引导结构和含义完整的同位语从句we should not judge ourselves or others too harshly，用that．Section BDirection： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Flood﹣hit Venice’s shrinking population faces mounting problemsVenetians（威尼斯人）are fed up with what they see as inadequate responses to the city’s mounting problems： record﹣breaking flooding， environmental and safety threats from cruise ship traffic and the burden on services from over﹣tourism．They feel largely left to their own devices， with ever﹣fewer Venetians living in the historic part of the city to（1）_______its interests and keep it from becoming mainly a tourist land．The historic flooding this week﹣﹣﹣marked by three floods over 1.5 meters （nearly 5 feet） and the highest in 53 years at 1.87 meters（6 feet， 1 inch）﹣﹣﹣has（2）_______calls to create an administration that recognizes the uniqueness of Venice， forboth its concentration of treasures and its（3）_______vulnerability．Flood damage has been（4）_______estimated at hundreds of millions of Euros （dollars），but the true range will only become clear with time． The frustration goes far beyond the failure to complete and（5）_______78 underwater barriers that were designed to prevent just the kind of damage that Venice has（6）_______this week． With the system not yet completed or even（7）_______tested after 16 years of work and 5 billion Euros （＄5.5 billion） invested， many are suspicious it will even work．At the public level， proposals for better administering the city including（8）_______some level of autonomy（自制） to Venice， already enjoyed by some Italianregions like Trentino﹣Alto﹣Adige with its German﹣speaking minority， or offering tax（9）_______to encourage Venice’s repopulation．Just 53，000 people live in the historic part of the city that tourists know as Venice， down by a third from a generation ago and dropping by about 1，000 people a year． That means fewer people watching the neighborhood， monitoring for public maintenance（10）_______or neighbors in need． Many leave because of the increased expense or the daily difficulties in living in a city of canals， which can make even a simple errand a hard journey．【答案】B,E,A,K,J,G,C,H,F,I【考点】选词填空【解析】本文讲述遭受洪水袭击的威尼斯人口减少，面临越来越多的问题．【解答】（1） B，考查句意，根据句意“他们觉得基本上只能靠自己的手段，越来越少的威尼斯人居住在这个城市的历史地段，以维护它的利益，并防止它成为一个主要的旅游地”，可知要填的词为“defend 保卫”．（2） E，考查句意，根据句意" 最高水位为53年来的（3）87米（6英尺，1英寸），强烈要求建立一个政府，“，可知要填的词为” sharpened 加强"．（4） A，考查句意，根据句意“），强烈要求建立一个政府，承认威尼斯的独特性，因为它的珍宝集中，脆弱性不断增加”，可知要填的词为“increasing 增加的”．（5） K，考查句意，根据句意" 洪水造成的损失粗略估计为数亿欧元，但真正的范围只会随着时间的推移而变得清晰“，可知要填的词为” roughly粗略地"．（6） J，考查句意，根据句意" 挫败感远远超过了未能完成并激活78个水下屏障，这些屏障旨在防止威尼斯本周遭受的那种破坏“，可知要填的词为” activate激活"．（7） G，考查句意，根据句意" 挫败感远远超过了未能完成并激活78个水下屏障，这些屏障旨在防止威尼斯本周遭受的那种破坏“，可知要填的词为” endured 忍受"．（8）C，考查句意，根据句意“由于该系统经过16年的工作和50亿欧元（55亿美元）的投资，该系统还没有完成甚至部分测试，许多人怀疑它甚至还能工作”，可知要填的词为“partially 部分地”．（9） H，考查句意，根据句意" 在公共层面，改善城市管理的提议，包括授予威尼斯一定程度的自治权“，可知要填的词为” granting授予"．（10） F，考查句意，根据句意“或者提供税收减免来鼓励威尼斯的人口重新增长”，可知要填的词为“breaks 暂停”．（11） I，考查句意，根据句意" 这意味着看护邻居、监控公共维修问题或有需要的邻居的人会减少“，可知要填的词为”issues问题 "．III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Ecology is a complicated thing． Given the facts that elephant damage often kills treesand bush fires often kill trees, it would be（1）_______to assume that a combination ofthe two would make things worse． Contrary to this assumption, （2）_______, as the recently﹣published research by Benjamin Wigley shows, if a tree has already been damaged, fire can（3）_______help to make things better．One common way in which elephants harm trees is by stripping（剥） them of their bark （树皮）． Dr Wigley, who did indeed start from the obvious（4）_______, set off to findout how much worse bush fires would make the effects of this bark stripping． To serve this purpose, he set up a study in the Kruger National Park． Since 1954, the Kruger has beenthe site of experiments in which plots of land have been burned（5）_______, to understand the effects of fire on plain ecology． In these experiments, Dr Wigley looked at trees in three different zones, in one of which, the trees were burned every year; in the second, they were burned every other year, while the third zone, by contrast, was actively （6）_______fire． To keep things consistent, he looked at the fate of the same tree species, the marula（马鲁拉树）, in all three zones． He picked marulas because they are particular（7）_______of elephant activity． Their fruit are delicious, and prized by elephants and people alike． But elephants also seem to enjoy eating their bark． In July 2016 he and his colleagues identified 20 marulas in every zone and used special tools to（8）_______from each of them a circular section of bark 5 cm in diameter． Having imposedthis damage, they（9）_______the wounds over the course of the following two years, to see what would happen． To their（10）_______, they discovered that the wounds oftrees in fire zones recovered far better than those of trees that had seen no fires atall． Wounded trees in the annual burn zone re﹣grew 98% of their lost（11）_______during the two years of the study． Those living in the biennial（两年一次的）burn zone re﹣grew 92% of it． But those in the zone where fires were（12）_______re﹣grew only 72%．The researchers also found something else whe n they were measuring the trees’ wounds: ants． Ten of the 20 trees in the fire﹣prevention zone developed ant colonies in their wounds． The ants in question were a species that is known to damage trees and is supposed to（13）_______tissue healing． By contrast, only five trees in the biennial burn zone and three in the annual zone developed ants’ nests in their wounds． Itlooks, therefore, as if bush fires are treating trees’ wounds by killing ants that might（14）_______colonize and damage them． Though such fires are surely harmful to healthy trees, it seems, in an example of two negatives making a positive, as if they are actually （15）_______to sick ones．（1）A.difficultB.reasonableC.necessaryD.awful（2）A.howeverB.thereforeC.furthermoreD.somehow（3）A.uniquelyB.barelyC.actuallyD.merely（4）A.phenomenonB.evidenceC.imaginationD.assumption（5）A.equallyB.regularlyC.severelyD.purposely（6）A.burnt withB.protected fromC.covered byD.exposed to（7）A.participantsB.partnersC.victimsD.friends（8）A.markB.removeC.hitD.measure（9）A.regulatedB.checkedC.healedD.monitored（10）A.disappointmentB.surpriseC.joyD.relief（11）A.vitalityB.heightC.barkD.strength（12）A.controlledB.preventedC.startedD.boosted（13）A.disturbB.promoteC.impactD.quicken（14）A.thereforeB.neverthelessC.thenD.otherwise（15）A.beneficialB.unbelievableC.effectiveD.cruel【答案】BACDBBCBDBCBADA【考点】社会文化【解析】生态是一个复杂的东西．鉴于大象的破坏以及丛林大火经常会导致树木死亡的事实，我们有理由推论两者的结合会让事情变得更加糟糕．作者结合了最近的研究进行了分析．【解答】（1）B．形容词辨析．根据句意可知，我们有理由推论两者的结合会让事情变得更加糟糕．difficult困难的；reasonable合理的，公道的，有理由的；necessary必要的；awful可怕的．故选B．（2）A．连词辨析．此处意为“然而，本杰明•威格利的一项最新研究表明，如果一棵树木已经遭到毁坏，火其实可以帮助事情变得更好．”however然而，可是；therefore因此；furthermore此外；somehow以某种方法．故选A．（3）C．副词辨析．根据句意，如果一棵树木已经遭到毁坏，火其实可以帮助事情变得更好．uniquely 独特地；barely 仅仅，勉强；actually实际上，其实；merely 仅仅，只不过．故选C．（4）D．名词辨析．phenomenon现象；奇迹；evidence证据，证明；imagination想象力；assumption假设．此处意为：威格利博士确实是从一个明显的假设开始的．故选D．（5）B．副词辨析．根据句意，自1954年起，克鲁格一直都是实验的试点，在这些实验中，研究人员每隔一段时间就焚烧一小块土地．equally同样地；regularly定期地；severely严重地；purposely故意地．故选B．（6）B．词组辨析．此处意为“而第三个区域的植被则被积极地保护起来不受大火灼烧．”burnt with与…一起燃烧；protected from保护……免受；covered by被…覆盖；exposed to暴露于．故选B．（7）C．名词辨析．他选择马鲁拉树是因为它们是大象活动的特殊受害者．participants参与者；partners伙伴；victims受害者，牺牲者；friends朋友．故选C．（8）B．动词辨析．根据句意，2016年7月，他和他的同事在每个区域内确认了20棵马鲁拉树并用锤子和土壤去心器从每棵树上取下直径5厘米的圆形树皮．mark标志；remove移动，迁移；hit打击；measure测量．故选B．（9）D．动词辨析．此处意为：在造成这种破坏之后，他们在接下来的两年里对伤口进行了监测，看看会发生什么．regulated调节，规定；checked检查；核实；healed治愈，痊愈；monitored监控，监测．故选D．（10）B．名词辨析．根据句意可知，让他们惊讶的是，他们发现火灾区树木的伤口恢复得比那些没经历过火灾的树木要快．disappointment失望；surprise惊奇，诧异；joy欢乐，快乐；relief安慰；故选B．（11）C．名词辨析．根据句意可知，在两年的研究中，年度火灾区中的受伤树木98%的树皮都重新长了出来．vitality活力，生气；height高度；bark树皮；strength力量．故选C．（12）B．动词辨析．根据句意，那些两年一次火灾区中的树木的树皮重生了92%．但防火区的树木仅生长出了72%．controlled控制，约束；prevented阻止，避免；started 出发；boosted促进；增加；故选B．（13）A．动词辨析．此处意为：这些蚂蚁是一种已知的会损害树木的物种，据推测会损害组织愈合．disturb打扰；妨碍；promote促进；提升；impact对…产生影响；quicken加快．故选A．（14）D．连词辨析．根据句意可知，因此，似乎丛林大火是在通过杀死可能感染树木的蚂蚁来烧灼树木的伤口．therefore因此；nevertheless然而，不过；then然后；otherwise否则；另外；故选D．（15）A．形容词辨析．此处意为：但在这个负负得正的例子中，似乎它们实际上对生病的树木是有益的．beneficial有益的，有利的；unbelievable难以置信的；effective有效的，起作用的；cruel残酷的，残忍的；故选A．Section BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.There was something in the elderly woman’s behavior that caught my eye． Although slow and unsure of step, the woman moved with deliberation, and there was no hesitationin her gestures． She was as good as anyone else, her movements suggested． And she________．The elderly woman had walked into the store along with a younger woman who I guessed was her daughter． The daughter was displaying a serious case of impatience, rolling her eyes, huffing and sighing, checking her watch every few seconds． If she had possessed a belt, her mother would have been fastened to it as a means of dragging her along to keep step with the rush of other shoppers．The older woman detached from the younger one and began to glance over the DVDs on the nearest shelf． After the slightest hesitation, I walked over and asked if I could help her find something． The woman smiled up at me and showed me a title scrawled（潦草地写）on a crumpled piece of paper． The title was unusual and a bit unfamiliar． Clearly a person looking for it knew a little about movies, about quality．Rather than rushing off to locate the DVD for the woman, I asked her to walk with me so I could show her where she could find it． Looking back, I think I wanted to enjoy her company for a moment． Something about her deliberate movements reminded me of my own mother, who’d passed away the previous Christmas．As we walked along the back of the store, I narrated its floor plan: old televisionshows, action movies, cartoons, science fiction． The woman seemed glad of the unrushed company and casual conversation．We found the movie, and I complimented her on her choice． She smiled and told me it was one she’d enjoyed when she was her son’s age and that she hoped he would enjoy it as much as she had． Maybe, she said with a hint of eagerness, he could enjoy it with his own young children． Then, reluctantly, I had to return the elderly woman to her keeper, who was still tapping her foot at the front of the store．I accompanied the older woman to the queue at the cash register and then stepped back and lingered near the younger woman．When the older woman’s turn in line came, she paid in cash, counting out the dollars and coins with the same sureness she’d displayed earlier …（1）What does “she had a job to do” （Para． 1）mean according to the context？________A. She had a regular job in the store．B. She wanted to ask for help．C. She wanted to buy a DVD. She was thinking of what to buy．．（2）What does the title of the DVD reveal according to the shop assistant？________A. The elderly woman had some knowledge about movies．B. The elderly woman liked movies for young children．C. The elderly woman preferred movies her son liked．D. The elderly woman liked both old and new movies．．（3）While looking for the DVD with the old woman， the shop assistant was________．A. hesitant B. casualC. cautiousD. considerate．（4）What is the main purpose of this passage？________A. To describe what a movie nut is likeB. To remind readers to spending more time accompanying familyC. To stress the importance of company and understanding．D. To explore the key aspects of current parental﹣child relationship．【答案】CADC【考点】社会文化类阅读议论文阅读【解析】本文介绍作者在商店做售货员的时候，遇到一个老太太和女儿一起买DVD，老人的女儿不耐烦，作者耐心地陪伴老人选择DVD，老人很开心．【解答】（1）C．句意理解题．根据文章第三段的句子 The older woman detached from the younger one and began to glance over the DVDs on the nearest shelf．可知，指的是她想买一张DVD．故选C．（2）A．细节理解题．根据文章第三段的The title was unusual and a bit unfamiliar． Clearly a person looking for it knew a little about movies， about quality．可知，据店员说，DVD的标题显示这位老太太对电影有些了解．故选A．（3）D．细节理解题．根据文章第四段的句子Rather than rushing off to locate the DVD for the woman， I asked her to walk with me so I could show her where she could find it．可知，在和老太太一起找DVD时，店员考虑周到．故选D．（4）C．主旨大意题，根据文章第五段的句子The woman seemed glad of the unrushed company and casual conversation．可知，本文的主要目的是强调陪伴与理解的重要性．故选C．As unpleasant emotions go, anxiety is the roughest．It’s a vague, pit﹣of﹣the﹣stomach fear that sneaks up to you ﹣﹣ that unease you get when your boss says that she needs to talk to you right away, when the phone rings at 4: 00 a．m．, or when yourde ntist looks into your mouth and says “Hmm” for the third time．Lingering anxiety can keep you up at night, make you irritable, undermine your ability to concentrate, and ruin your appetite． And the constant state of readiness generated by anxiety﹣﹣﹣ adrenaline pumping, heart racing, palms sweating﹣﹣may contribute to high blood pressure and heart disease．How to prevent anxiety then?Meditate．Maybe you’re just high﹣strung． If so, meditation（冥想） is worth a try． It cultivates a calmness that eases anxious feelings and offers a sense of control． A study at the University of Massachusetts found that volunteers who took an 8﹣week meditation course were considerably less anxious afterward． People who are high﹣strung find that they are dramatically calmer with 20 minutes of meditation in the morning and another 20 minutes after dinner．Jog, walk, swim, or cycle．If you can’t make time for meditation, be sure to make time for regular exercise． Exercise can have the same calming effect as meditation, particularly if it’s something repetitive like running or swimming laps．Treatment?Remember to breathe．When you’re anxious, you tend to hold your breath or breathe too shallowly． That makes you feel more anxious． Breathing slowly and deeply can have a calming effect．To make sure that you’re breathing correctly, place your hand on your diaphragm（横膈膜）, just below your rib cage（胸腔）． Feel it rise with each inhalation （吸气） and fall with each exhalation．Let’s say you are anxious about your competence on the job．Ask yourself “What, in particular, am I afraid that I’ll mess up?” Maybe you’re afraid that you get further behind and miss your deadlines．Or maybe you’re worried that you’re blowing it whenever you present your ideas in meetings． Are your worries founded? Have you had several near misses with deadlines? Are your suggestions routinely rejected? If not, the anxiety is needless． If there is a real problem, work on a solution: Pace yourself to better meet deadlines, or join a public speaking class．（1）Which of the following symptoms is NOT directly caused by anxiety？________A. Lower in concentration．B. No appetite．C. Heart racing．D. High blood pressure．．（2）According to the passage， what can be done to avoid anxiety？________A. Exercising regularly．B. Keeping breath steady．C. Breathing with the help of hands．D. Adjusting the pace of life．．（3）What is the last paragraph about？________A. Anxiety at work and its solutions．B. People’s anxiety about their capabilities．C. The reason for someone’s incompetence．D. The function of public speaking class．【答案】DAA【考点】说明文阅读科教类阅读【解析】本文是一篇健康环保类阅读，文章主要介绍了有关焦虑的缓解方法．【解答】（1） D．细节理解题．根据第二段" And the constant state of readiness generated by anxiety﹣﹣adrenaline pumping， heart racing， palms sweating﹣﹣may contribute tohigh blood pressure and heart disease．而由焦虑产生的持续的准备状态﹣﹣肾上腺素激增、心跳加速、手心出汗﹣﹣可能会导致高血压和心脏病"．可知高血压不是由焦虑直接引起的．故选D．（2） A 细节理解题．根据" Jog，walk， swim， or cycle．If you can’t make time for meditation， be sure to make time for regular exercise． Exercise can have the same calming effect as meditation，particularly if it’s something repetitive like running or swimming laps．慢跑、散步、游泳或骑自行车．如果你不能腾出时间冥想，一定要腾出时间经常锻炼．锻炼可以和冥想有同样的镇静效果，特别是如果它是重复性的，如跑步或游泳圈．"可知锻炼能够避免压力．故选A．（3） A 段落大意题．阅读最后一段“Let’s say you are anxious about your competence on the job．Ask yourself ”What， in particular，am I afraid that I’ll mess up？" Maybe you’re afraid that you get further behind and miss your deadlines．Or maybe you’re worried that you’re blowing it whenever you present your ideas in meetings． Are your worries founded？Have you had several near misses with deadlines？ Are your suggestions routinely rejected？If not， the anxiety is needless． If there is a real problem， work on a solution： Pace yourself to better meet deadlines， or join a public speaking class．比如说，你对自己的工作能力感到焦虑．问问自己：“什么，特别是，我担心我会陷入困境？”也许你担心你会落后，错过你的最后期限．或者你担心你在会议上提出你的想法时，你会发疯．你的担心是否成立了？你有过吗？最后几次错过的最后期限是什么？你的建议经常被拒绝吗？如果没有，焦虑是不必要的．如果有一个真正的问题，就要找到一个解决办法：调整自己的进度以更好地完成最后期限，或者加入一个公开演讲课．"可知本段主要讲述了工作中的焦虑及其解决办法．故选A．Archaeologists used DNA taken from a broken clay pipe stem found in Maryland to build a picture of an enslaved woman who died around 200 years ago and had origins in modern﹣day Sierra Leone．One researcher called the work “a mind﹣blower．”“In this particular context, and from that time period, I think it’s a first,” team member Hannes Schroeder told The Washington Post．“To be able to get DNA from an object like a pipe stem is quite exciting． Also it is exciting for descendant（后裔）communities…Through this technology,they’re able to make a connection not only to the site but potentially back to Africa．”The pipe stem was found at the Belvoir plantation in Crownsville, Maryland, where enslaved people lived until 1864 and where a likely slave cemetery was recentlyfound． DNA taken from the pipe linked back to a woman either directly from or descended from the Mende people, who lived in west Africa, in an area now part of Sierra．Julie Schablitsky, the chief archaeologist with the Maryland state highway administration, told The Post the discovery, based on saliva（唾液） absorbed into the clay pipe, was a “mind﹣blower”． She also said records show the existence of a slave trade route Sierra Leone to Annapolis, plied（定期往来） by British and American ships．“As soon as people stepped on those slave ships in Africa, ” she said,“whether they were from Benin or whether they were from Sierra Leone, wherever they were from, that identity waslost． Their humanity is stripped from． Who they are as a people has gone．”The new analysis is part of ongoing research around Belvoir that has given descendants of the people enslaved there new insight into the lives of their ancestors． Speaking to The Post, Nancy Daniels, a genealogist from Laurel, Maryland, who thinks she is a descendant of enslaved families from Belvoir but was not linked to the research on the pipe, called the discovery “overwhelming．” “I’m sitting here about ready to cry,” she said．“I’m sorry．I’m so happy …Thank God for the DNA．”This year, events and ceremonies are being held to mark the 400th anniversary of the arrival of the first enslaved people in America, at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619． Slavery was effectively abandoned in the US on 1 January 1863, with the issue by Abraham Lincoln of the Emancipation Proclamation． It formally ended in December 1865, after the civil war, with the approval of the 13th amendment（修正案）．（1）What does the phrase “a mind﹣blower” in paragraphs 1 and 4 refer to？________ A.A surprise B.A confusionC.An excitementD.A fascination．（2）According to Hannes Schroeder， the pipe stem was of great significancebecause________．A.it was the first direct evidence that slaves living in Maryland were originally from Africa．B.it helped the archaeologists to draw a portrait of the enslaved woman．C.it might contribute to identifying the birthplace of the descendant communities．D.it contained genic clues to the ancestral background of its owner．．（3）What can be inferred from the passage？________A.The owner of the pipe once lived in what is now an area in west Africa．B.The history of slavery in America is an ongoing topic of concern．C.African slaves lost their identities when they arrived at the Belvoir plantation．D.Nancy Daniels， a genealogist was sorry for not being involved in the research．．（4）Which of the following is the best title for the passage？________A.DNA from an old pipe throws lights on the origins of the enslavedB.A new research reveals the origins of enslaved African womanC.The descendants of enslaved people seek their identitiesD.DNA contributes to the breakthrough of a new research．【答案】CDBA【考点】说明文阅读科教类阅读【解析】本文章主要讲述了考古学家发现了一个时代非常久远的DNA样本，并利用它来对奴隶以及奴隶制进行研究．【解答】（1）C．词义猜测题．根据文章第一、四段，Archaeologists used DNA taken from abroken clay pipe stem found in Maryland to build a picture of an enslaved woman who died around 200 years ago and had origins in modern﹣day Sierra Leone． One researcher called the work “a mind﹣blower．”考古学家利用从马里兰州发现的一个断裂的粘土管柱上提取的DNA，绘制了一张200年前死去的奴隶妇女的照片，她的出生地在现代的塞拉利昂．一位研究人员称这项工作为“一个鼓舞人心的人工作”； Julie Schablitsky， the chief archaeologist with the Maryland state highway administration， told The Post the discovery，based on saliva（唾液） absorbed into the clay pipe，was a “mind﹣blower”．马里兰州国家公路管理局的首席考古学家朱莉•沙布利茨基告诉邮报，这项基于被吸进泥管的唾液的发现是一个“让人亢奋的事”．可知，“a mind﹣blower”意为：兴奋、激动，结合选项，故选C．（2）D．细节理解题．根据文章第二段，To be able to get DNA from an object like a pipe stem is quite exciting． Also it is exciting for descendant（后裔）communities…Throughthis technology，they’re able to make a connection not only to the site but potentially back to Africa．能够从一个像管道干这样的物体上获得DNA是非常令人兴奋的．同时，对于后代群体来说也是令人兴奋的…通过这项技术，他们不仅能够与该地点建立联系，而且有可能回到非洲．可知，这个管道干之所以非常重要，是因为它包含了它主人的基因线索相关信息，可以帮助生物学家们进行研究．结合选项，故选D．（3）B．推理判断题．根据文章第五段，The new analysis is part of ongoing research around Belvoir that has given descendants of the people enslaved there new insight into the lives of their ancestors．这项新的分析是围绕贝尔沃正在进行的研究的一部分，该研究让被奴役的人们的后代对他们祖先的生活有了新的了解．可知，人们一直非常热衷于研究美国奴隶制度，对和它相干的信息非常的感兴趣．结合选项，故选B．（4）A．主旨大意题．根据文章第一段，Archaeologists used DNA taken from a broken clay pipe stem found in Maryland to build a picture of an enslaved woman who died around 200 years ago and had origins in modern﹣day Sierra Leone． One researcher called the work “a mind﹣blower．”考古学家利用从马里兰州发现的一个断裂的粘土管柱上提取的DNA，绘制了一张200年前死去的奴隶妇女的照片，她的出生地在现代的塞拉利昂．一位研究人员称这项工作为“一个鼓舞人心的人工作”．可知，本文章主要讲述了考古学家发现了一个时代非常久远的DNA样本，并利用它来对奴隶以及奴隶制进行研究．结合选项，故选A．Section CDirections： After reading the passage below， choose the best answers from the six statements according to what you have just read.The price of a piece of historyA fresh lemon can be purchased for less than ＄1． But in 2008，Cowan’s Auctions in Cincinnati sold a lemon blackened with age for ＄2，350．What was so special about this lemon？（1）________ According to a handwritten note in ink attached to a partly sealed bottle containing the lemon， the fruit was picked in May 1842 by Washington’s “old gardener” some 43 years after the first president’s deathTwo thousand dollars is a lot to pay for produce， even from the estate of a founding father． This sale， however， just might be considered a bargain compared with prices paid for other historical collectibles in recent years．（2）________Collecting a piece of history， or an object associated with a famous person， is not brand new． Ordinary objects with extraordinary stories have increasingly been coming to auction and achieving high prices， says Thomas Venning，director of Christie’s department of books and manuscripts in London． Prices are being driven up， he says， by collectors in the U．S． and， increasingly， in Asia． The Hawking wheelchair， for example， was purchased by a private museum in China．（3）________ For one thing， their history of ownership is both crucial and sometimes difficult to prove． Photographs of the famous person with the object， as well as documentation （such as letters， diaries or recollections by acquaintances referring to the object） can also help．（4）________ To evaluate the value of a Picasso painting， one can look at recent prices paid for other Picasso paintings of the same period， similar size or style． Finding another recent sale of a lemon planted by George Washington is a different matter．Katie Horstman，head of Cowan’s American History department， says she could find no comparable items for the lemon as she prepared the piece for its auction． Ms． Horstman nevertheless eventually arrived at the estimated value at ＄3，000 to ＄4，000， she says，by researching auction records for objects somehow associated with Washington that had appeared on the market．Cowans ended up estimating the value of the lemon at ＄3，000 to ＄4，000， accordingto description on its website． Objects associated with Washington these days，Ms． Horstman says， can sell for anywhere from 1，000 up to tens of thousands of dollars．【答案】C,A,F,E【考点】说明文七选五【解析】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了历史真正的价值．【解答】1．C．推理判断题．根据后文According to a handwritten note in ink attached to a partly sealed bottle containing the lemon，the fruit was picked in May 1842 by Washington’s “old gardener” some 43 years after the first president’s death据一张用墨水写在装有柠檬的密封瓶上的手写便条，这种水果是华盛顿老园丁在第一任总统去世43年后于1842年5月采摘的，可知这种水果据说是乔治•华盛顿在弗农山种植的．故选C2．A．推理判断题．根据前文 This sale， however， just might be considered a bargain compared with prices paid for other historical collectibles in recent years．这笔买卖，不过，与近年来其他历史收藏品的价格相比，只是被认为是便宜货．可知史蒂芬•霍金的轮椅去年11月在伦敦佳士得拍卖会上卖出296750英镑；故选A．3．F．推理判断题．根据后文For one thing， their history of ownership is both crucial and sometimes difficult to prove．首先，它们的所有权历史既至关重要，有时也难以证明．可知因此，许多物体的独特价值证明了收藏的价值．故选F．4．E．推理判断题．根据后文To evaluate the value of a Picasso painting， one can look。
英语_2020年上海市徐汇区高考英语一模试卷含答案
2020年上海市徐汇区高考英语一模试卷II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.1.Once upon a time …Once upon a time there lived in Germany two brothers． At school they met a wise man who led them to a treasure ﹣ a library of old books with tales more fascinating than any they had ever heard．（1）________（inspire）， the brothers began collecting their own stories，listening to the folktales people told them． Soon they produced their own treasure ﹣ a book of fairy tales that would charm millions in faraway lands for generations （2）________（come）．The brothers Grimm， Jacob and Wilhelm， named their story collection Children's and Household Tales and published it in Germany in 1812． The collection （3）________（translate） into more than 160 languages up to now． The stories and their characters continue to feature in virtually every media： theatre， opera， comic books， movies，paintings， rock music， advertising and fashion．Such fame would have shocked the modest Grimms． During their lifetimes the collection （4）________（sell） few copies in Germany． The early editions were not even aimed at children． They had no illustrations， and scholarly footnotes took up almost as much space as the tales （5）________． Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm began their work at a time （6）________ Germany had been occupied by the French under Napoleon． The new rulers restricted local culture． As young scholars， the brothers Grimm began to work on thefairy tale collection in order to save the endangered oral storytelling tradition of Germany．（7）________ the brothers implied that they were just keeping records of tales， Wilhelm continued to polish and reshape the stories up to the final edition of 1857． In an effort to make them more acceptable to children and their parents， he stressed the moral of eachtale and emphasized gender roles． To this day， parents still read them to their children because they approve of the lessons in the stories： keep your promises， don't talk to strangers， work hard， obey your parents．Yet （8）________ all Wilhelm's additions， the most important part of these stories was left untouched． The cruel treatment of children and the violent punishments handed out to the stories' bad guys are too much for some parents．So what accounts for their popularity？ Some have suggested that it is （9）________ the characters are always striving for happiness． But the truth probably lies in theirorigin． Grimms' tales were born out of a storytelling tradition without boundaries （界限）of age or culture． The brothers' skill was to translate these into a universal style of writing that seems to mirror （10）________ moods or interests we bring to our reading ofthem． And so it was that the Grimms' fairy tales lived happily ever after．Section BDirections： Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.2. A． distributedB． absolutelyC． infections D． consumeE． harborF． relianceG． potential H． specific I． originate J． respectively K． revealed Microplastic PollutionIn the past few years， scientists have found microplastics in our soil， tap water， bottled water， beer and even in the air we breathe． And there's growing concern about the （1）_______health risks they poseto humans．The new analysis in the UK have discovered microplastics widely （2）_______ across all 10 lakes and rivers sampled． More than 1，000 small pieces of plastic per litre were found in the River Tame， which was （3）_______ last year as the most polluted place tested worldwide． Even in relatively remote places such as the Falls of Dochart and Loch Lomondin Scotland， two or three pieces per litre were found．Microplastics are not a （4）_______ kind of plastic， but rather any type of small pieces of plastic that is less than 5 mm in length according to the U．S． National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration． They may （5）_______ from a variety of sources， including cosmetics， clothing， and industrial processes．Humans are known to （6）_______ the tiny plastic particles through food and water， butthe possible health effects on people and ecosystems have yet to be determined． One study，in Singapore， has found that microplastics can （7）_______ harmful microbes （微生物）．Research by the National University of Singapore found more than 400 types of bacteria on 275 pieces of microplastic collected from local beaches． They included insects that cause gastroenteritis （肠胃炎） and wound （8）_______ in humans．"Microplastics are being found （9）_______ everywhere but we do not know the harm they could be doing，" said Christian Dunn at Bangor University， Wales， who led the work． "It's no use looking back in 20 years' time and saying： 'If only we'd realized justhow bad it was．' We need to be monitoring our waters now and we need to think， as a country and a world， how we can be reducing our （10）_______on plastic．"III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.3. Since 2008, the average labour﹣force participation rate of 55﹣ to 64﹣year﹣olds in OECD （Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development） countries has risen by eight percentage points． A new OECD report, "Working Better with Age", points out thatthe employment of older workers is （1）_______, if prosperity is to be maintained． Thatcan be taken as a sign that our society is finally （2）_______the value of its older employees． Retirement gives you the chance to sleep late and avoid the morning rush hours． No longer do you have to sit through endless meetings or check email frequently． But work can keep the mind active and gives people a （3）_______ in life． The first month of retirement may seem pleasant, but （4）_______is sure to come． Grand plans to learn languages and travel the world can quickly lose their appeal．（5）_______, the company of colleagues provides a social network; spending all week at home can lead to loneliness．Working longer should be easier now that most jobs require （6）_______, rather than manual, labour． Of course, many people are working longer not because they enjoy what they do, but because they cannot afford to（7）_______． That is not just because governments have been pushing up the state retirement age．（8）_______, the average age at which people actually retire differs from the official age by several years． In part, that is because many people do not rely on the state pension as their only source of income and need work﹣related pensions to supplement it．However, companies are gradually （9）_______ pensions linked to final salaries with "defined contribution" schemes． Under the latter, workers end up with a pot of savings at retirement that needs to be（10）_______． The income from such pots has been reduced by very low interest rates． Women tend to have smaller retirement pots （thanks to their years spent raising children）, making their difficulties even more （11）_______． They need to keep working．Older workers may feel （12）_______, particularly when it comes to promotion． Two issues seem to hold （13）_______ back． The first is that older workers tend to （14）_______ higher salaries, because of the seniority system． The second is a （15）_______of skills; one in three 55﹣ to 65﹣year﹣olds in OECD countries either lack computer experience or cannot pass technology tests． Such problems can be resolved with proper training, but the over﹣55s should take it upon themselves to keep up with technological changes．（1）A shortsightedB vitalC adequateD unnecessary（2）A recognizingB assessingC questioningD transforming（3）A frameB choiceC lessonD purpose（4）A libertyB boredomC priorityD motivation（5）A HoweverB InsteadC ThereforeD Furthermore（6）A mentalB simpleC physicalD routine（7）A proceedB continueC persistD quit（8）A In conclusionB In other wordsC In practiceD In particular（9）A replacingB furnishingC increasingD combining（10）A registeredB reinvestedC refundedD removed（11）A personalB severeC emotionalD practical（12）A competitiveB dominantC distinguishedD disadvantaged（13）A employersB researchersC employeesD female workers（14）A commandB ensureC opposeD ignore（15）A rangeB disciplineC shortageD setSection BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.4. Agnes de Mille was a dancer and a choreographer （编舞）． Early in her career, de Mille had created the choreography for a ballet called Three Virgins and a Devil． She thought it was good work, but nobody made much of it．A few years later, de Mille choreographed a ballet named Rodeo． Again, she thought her work was solid, but it resulted in little commercial fame．Then, in 1943, de Mille choreographed Oklahoma!, a musical show that enjoyed nearly instant success． In the coming years, Oklahoma! would run for an incredible 2, 212 performances, both around the nation and abroad． In 1955, the film version won an Academy Award．But the success of Oklahoma! didn't bring her much happiness． She thought that her work on Oklahoma! was only average compared to some of her other creations． She later said, "After the opening of Oklahoma!, I suddenly had unexpected success for a work I thought was only fairly good, after years of neglect for work I thought was fine． I began to think that perhaps my entire scale of values was untrustworthy． I talked to Martha．"Martha was Martha Graham, perhaps the most influential dance choreographer of the20th century．（Although not as well﹣known by the general public, Graham has been compared to other creative geniuses like Picasso or Frank Lloyd Wright．）During their conversation, de Mille told Martha Graham about her frustration． "Iconfessed that I had a burning desire to be excellent, but no faith that I could be．"Graham responded by saying,"There is a vitality, a life force, an energy, a quickening that is translated through you into action, and because there is only one of you in all of time, this expression is unique． And if you block it, it will never exist through any other medium and it will be lost． The world will not have it． It is not your business to determine how good it is nor how valuable nor how it compares with other expressions． It is your business to keep it yours clearly and directly, to keep the channel open．"（1）What can be learned about de Mille's ballet named Rodeo？________A Itearned her a large fortune．B It made her rise to fame overnight．C It didn't enjoy much success．D It laid a solid foundation for her career．．（2）How did de Mille feel about the great success of the musical Oklahoma!？________A Relieved．B Ashamed．C Confused．D Proud．．（3）Picasso and Frank Lloyd Wright were mentioned in the passage to suggest that Martha Graham________．A was outstanding in visual arts and architectureB enjoyed the same popularity as themC had been influenced greatly by themD was the most influential artist in her field．（4）Which of the following statements best represents Graham's words in this passage？________A Comparing with others prevents you from maintaining uniqueness．B You should always keep yourself open to the urges that motivate you．C Your action reveals the inner landscape， which is the soul of music．D Choosing to be positive is going to determine how you live your life．（1）Compared to traditional houses， container houses are________．A easier to maintainB less expensive to buildC more comfortable to livein D more fashionable in style．（2）What can be learned about Amsterdam's Keetwonen complex？________A It is the first container city in the world．B It's equipped with modern facilities．C It features a luxury and unique style．D It includes living space and car parks．．（3）Which of the following is the best title for the poster？________A Recycled material for Ideal HomeB Shipping Container HomeChallenges C Home in a Steel Box D Housing Options and Solutions．6. On August 29th, as Hurricane Dorian tracked towards America's east coast, Elon Musk, the boss of Tesla, an electric﹣car maker, announced that some of his customers in the storm's path would find that their cars had suddenly developed the ability to drive farther on a single battery charge． Like many modern vehicles, Mr． Musk's products are best thought of as internet﹣connected computers on wheels． The cheaper models in Tesla's line﹣up have parts of their batteries disabled by the car's software in order to limit their range． At the tap of a keyboard in Palo Alto, the firm was able to remove those restrictions and give drivers temporary access to the full power of their batteries．Mr． Musk's computerized cars are just one example of a much broader trend． As computers and connectivity become cheaper, it makes sense to bake them into more and more things that are not, in themselves, computers, creating an "internet of things"．Such a world will bring many benefits． Consumers will get convenience, and products that can do things non﹣computerized versions cannot． Businesses will get efficiency, as information about the physical world that used to be uncertain becomes concrete and analyzable．In the long term, though, the most obvious effects will be in how the world works． Ever more companies will become tech companies; the internet will become everywhere． As a result, a series of unresolved arguments will spill over from the virtual world into the realone．Start with ownership． As Mr Musk showed, the internet gives firms the ability to stay connected to their products even after they have been sold, transforming them into something closer to services than goods． That has already made the traditional ideas of ownership unclear． When Microsoft closed its ebook store in July, for instance, its customers lost the ability to read titles they had bought （the firm offered refunds）． That shifts the balance of power from the customer to the seller．Virtual business models will ________ in the physical world． Tech firms are generally happy to move fast and break things． But you cannot release the beta version （测试版） of a fridge． Apple, a smartphonemaker, provides updates for its phones for only five years or so after their release; users of Android smartphones are lucky to get two． But goods such as washing machines or industrial machinery can have lifespans of a decade ormore． Firms will need to work out how to support complicated computerised devices long after their original programmers have moved on．Data will be another flashpoint． For much of the internet the business model is to offer "free" services that are paid for with valuable user data, collected with consent （同意）that is half﹣informed at best． In the virtual world, arguments about what should be tracked, and who owns the resulting data, can seem airy and theoretical． In the real one, they will feel more urgent．Predicting the consequences of any technology is hard ﹣ especially one as universal as computing． The emergence of the consumer internet, 25 years ago, was met with starry﹣eyed optimism． These days the internet's faults dominate the headlines． But the people have the advantage of having lived through the first internet revolution ﹣ which should give them some idea of what to expect．（1）From the passage we can tell that Tesla can________．A drive faster than usual in extreme weatherB adjust the range of its batterypower C charge the battery at the tap of a keyboard D operate when the battery is fully drained．（2）Which of the following is NOT an example of the "unresolved arguments" mentioned in the passage？________A Early adopters of certain apps find that they ceased to work after the firm lost interest．B The insurance company uses data from fitness trackers to adjust customers' premiums（保费）．C Computerized machinery can't predict its breakdowns or schedule preventive maintenance．D A high﹣tech fridge company restricts its customers from repairing their fridges themselves．．（3）The underlined word ________ probably means________ in this context．A boomB conflictC vanishD expand．（4）This passage is mainly about________．A how the world will change as computers spread into everyday objectsB the adoption of electric vehicles and the possible problems to expectC what should be done toprevent the breakdown of computerized devices D different views on the current application of Internet Technology．Section CDirections： Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.7. A． Creativity is associated with many factors．B． Rather， they should work to expand， grow， and exercise it．C． Without creativity， we are indistinguishable from the masses．D． However， creativity can be acquired at any age．E． It's hard to work out where exactly creativity comes from．F． Everyone has the capacity to be creative．Essential CreativityIn a recent survey in America， 62% of people said that creativity was more important to success in the workplace than they had anticipated it would be when they were in school．（1）________ It is of course possible to scan people's brains and see which parts are firing when an idea is created， but rather more romantically it can be thought of as something that cannot be identified． Creativity is what comes to you when you least expect it． You cannot demand creativity from your mind， nor can you demand that you are creative in a particular way．One misconception about creativity is that it is reserved for a few special people． This is not true．（2）________ Another misconception is that creativity is all about the arts but this simply isn't true： creativity extends to maths and science in just the way it does to music and literature．Those who see things differently to others and are confident enough to make their ideas a reality are the ones who make the greatest changes in the world． Consequently， it is incredibly important that schools do not prevent creativity．（3）________ Students should be taught to ask questions and investigate when things do not make sense． They need to learn to view mistakes as opportunities for learning rather than something that was unsuccessful．It is worrying that many schools are less concerned now with nurturing creativity when this is the most important time in history for it． It used to be that people worked hard， went to university， and got a job． That was it． But now， everyone works hard， goes to university ﹣ and there aren't the jobs out there that guarantee a safe future．（4）________ We can use it to set ourselves apart， and channel it to face the challenges of the future．IV．Summary Writing8. Directions：Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point （s） of the passage in no more than 60 words． Use your own words as far as possible．The Decline of BiodiversityBiodiversity is the range of living things in an area． During the last 100 years， scientists have seen a great decline in biodiversity． Some studies show that one in eight plant speciesis threatened with extinction． It is estimated that 140，000 species of plants are lost each year．Most of the extinctions in the last thousand years are due to humans． The main cause is the chopping down of tropical rain forests． Most of this destruction is done to create pasture （牧场） for beef cattle． Many rainforests in Central and South America have been burnt down to make way for cattle farming， which supplies beef to the rest of the world． It is estimated that for each pound of beef produced， 200 square feet of rainforest are destroyed． The forests are also cut down to make wheat for bread as well as fruit for human consumption．The introduction of exotic （外来的） species is another threat． The latest research from the University of Southampton has revealed the impact of exotic species upon native wildlife，which could potentially lead to the extinctions of local species． When exotic species are introduced to a place， they try to establish a self﹣sustaining population． While the local species， which haven't had a chance to evolve， often lack defenses and thus cannot compete against the exotic species．The disappearance of certain food animals can be disastrous not only to larger animals but also to the entire ecosystem． It is these small creatures which convert much of the energyin an ecosystem from unusable （i．e． microscopic plants， decaying matter， etc．） into usable forms， namely their bodies． Their absence makes most energy and nutrients trapped in forms unusable to other species． This makes the environment less suitable for healthy living， and less capable of producing resources that humans need．V. TranslationDirections： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.9. 我家门口的街道成天车水马龙．（crowd）________10. 中国女排成功卫冕世界冠军，给全国人民以极大的鼓舞．（succeed）________11. 本次"城市公共交通周"的活动旨在提高公众节能环保的意识．（aim）________12. 我实在想不通为什么大伙儿都觉得他这个人高不可攀，我印象中他挺和蔼可亲的．（strike）________VI. Guided Writing13. Directions： Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．假设你是陈芳．你的好友王敏是新华中学的学生，下个月将去英国的姐妹校交流访问．王敏想拍摄一个短片，向英国的同学和老师介绍自己的学校．她通过邮件向你征求意见．写一封回信，内容须包括：1、短片的主题以及与之匹配的主要内容；2、你选择这些内容的理由．2020年上海市徐汇区高考英语一模试卷答案1. Inspired,to come,has been translated,wassold,themselves,when,Though/Although/While,despite,because,what/whatever2. G． potential,Adistributed,K． revealed,H． specific,I． originate,Dconsume,Eharbor,Cinf ections,Babsolutely,Freliance3. BADBDADCABBDAAC4. CCDB5. BBC6. BCBA7. E,F,B,C8. Biodiversity is declining fast．（生物多样化在快速减少） One major reason is that people cut down tropical rain forests to raise cattle for beef or to grow food．【高分句型一】（一个原因） Another reason is that some local species may extinct because they cannot compete with exotic species．【高分句型二】（另一个原因） The disappearance of certain species can do great harm to the ecosystem and environment．（对生态和环境有害）9. The street in front of my house is crowded with people and vehicles all day long/all the time．10. TheChinesewomen'svolleyballteamsucceededintaking/winningtheworldchampionshipag ain，whichwasagreatinspirationtoallChinesepeople11. The campaign of the urban public transport week aims to raise public awareness of saving energy and protecting the environment/energy conservation and environmentalprotection．12. I can't understand why people all think he is out of reach/inaccessible， because he strikes me as a very approachable and kind/amiable person．13. Dear Wangmin，I know that you will go to English to visit your brother school． You want to make a short film to introduce your school to your English classmates and teachers． I think you can tell them something about our activities at school after class．【高分句型一】We have one hour of activities from 4：20 to 5：20 in the afternoon． Some students read books in the reading ﹣ room； some have sports on the playground； some sing songs in the theatre hall． Some learn to operate computers in the lab and others take part in their group work about different subjects． The majority are most interested in sports and computers．（短片的主题以及与之匹配的主要内容）I believe they will be interested in what you show them， and want to visit our school．【高分句型二】We are also looking forward to more visits．（你选择这些内容的理由）Yours，Chen Fang。
2020年上海市闵行区高考英语一模试卷
2020年上海市闵行区高考英语一模试卷II.Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections： After trading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word： for the other blanks， use one word that best Jits each blank.1. Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself， quietly reading her e﹣book as she waits for her salad． What is she reading？ None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” tim e． And （1）________more Americans，she’s not alone．A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America． More than half （53%）have breakfast alone and nearly half （46%） have lunch by themselves． Only at dinnertime （2）________we eating together， 74%， according to statistics from the report．“I prefer to go out and be out． Alone， but together， you know？” Bechtel said，（3）________（look） up from her book． Bechtel， who works in downtown West Palm Beach， has lunch with coworkers sometimes， but like many of us， too often （4）________（work） through lunch at her desk． A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on （5）________shoulder． She returns to work feeling energized．“Today， I just wanted some time to myself，” she said．Just two seats over， Andrew Mazoleny， a local videographer， is finishing his lunch at the bar． He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first﹣name basis （6）________he wants to have a little interaction． "I reflect on （7）________my day’s gone and think about the rest of the week，" he said．"It’s a chance for self﹣reflection． You return to work （8）________（refresh）and with a plan．’’That freedom （9）________（choose） is one reason more people like to eatalone． There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one， but those days are over． Now， we have our smartphones to keep us company atthe table．“It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology，” said Laurie Demeritt，（10）________company provided the statistics for the report．【答案】like,are,looking,works,the,if/when,how,refreshed,to choose,whose【考点】说明文语法填空【解析】作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了目前社会独自吃饭的趋势发展明显，很多人想多点儿自己的时间．【解答】1. 1ike，考查介词，表示“像更多的美国人一样，她并不孤单．”，所以用介词like．2． are，考查主谓一致，主语为we，所以用are eating作谓语，故填are，本句为倒装句．3. 1ooking，考查现在分词，句子主语和look之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词做状语．故填looking．4． works，考查主谓一致，主语为who，指代先行词Bechtel，和前面的works用but连接两个谓语．故填works．5． the，考查固定搭配，tap sb on the shoulder敲某人的肩膀，故填the．6． if/when，考查连词，根据句意“他喜欢安静地坐着看电话，如果（当）他想和一个叫他名字的酒保聊聊天的话，他说：”我想一想我的一天过去了，想一想这周剩下的时间．“”，可知用if或when引导时间状语从句．7． how，考查宾语从句，在宾语从句中作方式状语，所以用how引导．8． refreshed，考查形容词，修饰主语，所以用形容词“精神振奋的”，故填refreshed．9． to choose，考查不定式，freedom后跟不定式作后置定语，故填to choose．10． whose，考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为人Laurie Demeritt，在非限制性定语从句中作定语，所以用whose引导．Section BDirections： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Time： is there ever enough of it？In today’s modern world， most of us are （1）_______ with so﹣called time﹣saving devices and technological advancements and work less both at the office and at home． But why do we still feel busier？A study by Derek Thompson on the “myth” of being busy suggests that while （2）_______ brought us convenience， it also brought us new headaches． Consider the idea of FOMO （fear of missing out）． Knowing exactly what we’re missing out makes us feel guilty or anxious about the （3）_______ of our time and our ability to use it effectively．While being informed is important， it can lead to anxiety about keeping up with the times． If you find yourself unable to stop scrolling through Twitter， turn off the phoneand take a mental break． Practice JOMO （joy of missing out）， a（n）（4）_______ on life that’s a direct contradiction to FOMO．Get rid of feelings of guilt and “shoulds” and replace them with mindfulness and living in the moment．Another thing technology has （5）_______ us is the blurring （难以区分）between work and downtime． While constant connection has made the workday much more flexible，it’s also harder to turn off at the end of the day．Always being “on” is a（n）（6）_______ state of mind． Consider putting a hard stop on media and electronic devices an hour or two before bed．Of course， if you want to move up the corporate ladder and get a bigger paycheck，working long hours has long been a （7）_______ strategy．But if you don’t have passion for your job or care about what you do， you might just be working yourself into more （8）_______．People working the same hours feel completely different levels of time pressure dependingon their passion． If most of the hours are spent doing something you don’t feel （9）_______ about，it’s no wonder you start to feel out of control and anxious about your time． Taking back control of your time can ease this mental stress． Therefore， your time management goal shouldn’t be to figure out how to do more， but （10）_______ to figure out how to want less．【答案】J,A,E,H,G,K,I,B,F,C【考点】选词填空【解析】本文讲述现代社会中人的时间不够用，大家都有时间问题，因此，你的时间管理目标不应该是找出如何做得更多，而应该是找出如何减少需求．【解答】（1） J ，考查句意，根据句意“在当今的现代世界里，我们大多数人都有幸拥有所谓的省时装置和技术进步，在办公室和家里都少工作”，可知要填的词为“blessed ”，be blessed with幸运地享有．（2） A ，考查句意，根据句意“德里克•汤普森关于忙碌的”神话“的研究表明，虽然现代性给我们带来了便利，但也给我们带来了新的头痛”，可知要填的词为“modernity现代性”．（3） E，考查句意，根据句意“确切地知道我们错过了什么让我们感到内疚或焦虑我们的时间限制和我们的能力，有效地使用它．”，可知要填的词为“limits 限制”．（4） H ，考查句意，根据句意" Practice JOMO（错过的快乐），一种与FOMO 直接矛盾的人生观“，可知要填的词为” outlook 人生观"．（5） G ，考查句意，根据句意“技术赋予我们的另一件事是工作和停工之间的模糊”，可知要填的词为“gifted 白送”．（6） K，考查句意，根据句意“总是”工作“是一种令人筋疲力尽的精神状态”，可知要填的词为" exhausting令人筋疲力尽的"．（7） I ，考查句意，根据句意“当然，如果你想提升公司的地位，获得更高的薪水，长时间工作一直是一种受人青睐的策略”，可知要填的词为“favored 受宠的”．（8） B ，考查句意，根据句意“但是如果你对工作没有激情，也不关心自己做什么，你可能只是在让自己陷入更多的痛苦中”，可知要填的词为“misery痛苦”．（9） F ，考查句意，根据句意“如果大部分时间花在做一些你不感兴趣的事情上，难怪你开始感到失控和焦虑，控制你的时间可以缓解这种精神压力”，可知要填的词为" passionate热情的．（10）C，考查句意，根据句意“因此，你的时间管理目标不应该是找出如何做得更多，而应该是找出如何减少需求”，可知要填的词为“instead而”．III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passage there are Jour words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in eachblank with the word or phrase that best Jits the context.The expression, “everybody’s doing it,” is very much at the center of the co ncept of peer pressure． It is a social influence applied on an individual in order to get that person to actor believe in a（n）（1）_______ way as a larger group． This influence can be negativeor positive, and can exist in both large and small groups．People are social creatures by nature, and so it is hardly （2）_______ that some part of their self﹣respect comes from the approval of others． This instinct explains why the approval of peers, and the fear of （3）_______, is such a powerful force in many people’s lives． This instinct drives people to dress one way at home and another way at work, or to answer a simple “fine” when a stranger asks “how are you?” even if it is not necessarily true． There is a（n）（4）_______aspect to this: it helps society to functionefficiently, and encourages a general level of self﹣discipline that （5）_______day﹣to﹣day interaction between people．For certain individuals, seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes a（n）（6）_______: in order to satisfy the desire, they may go so far as to （7）_______ their sense of right and wrong． Teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs, or join gangs that （8）_______criminal behavior． Mature adults may sometimes feel （9）_______ to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work, or end up in debtbecause they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they can’t afford in an effort to （10）_______ the peers．However, peer pressure is not always negative． A student whose friends are good at （11）_______ may be urged to work harder and get good grades． Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win． This type of （12）_______ can also get a friend off drugs, or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one．Although peer pressure is sometimes quite obvious, it can also be so （13）_______ that a person may not even notice that it is affecting his or her behavior． For this reason, when making important decisions, simply going with a（n）（14）_______ isrisky． Instead, people should seriously consider why they feel drawn to taking a particular action, and whether the real （15）_______ is simply that everyone else is doing the same thing．（1）A.traditionalB.similarC.peculiarD.opposite（2）A.understandableB.believableC.acceptableD.surprising（3）A.disapprovalB.failureC.absenceD.independence（4）A.uncertainB.practicalC.impossibleD.vague（5）A.promotesB.preventsC.simplifiesD.increases（6）A.challengeB.inspirationC.promiseD.addiction（7）A.recognizeB.abandonC.decreaseD.define（8）A.avoidB.encourageC.declineD.punish（9）A.pressuredB.respectedC.delightedD.regretted（10）A.catch sight ofB.stay away fromC.make fun ofD.keep up with（11）petitionsB.interactionC.academicsD.adaptation（12）A.knowledgeB.interestC.assistanceD.influence（13）A.abstractB.ridiculousC.subtleD.reasonable（14）A.consciousnessB.motivationC.instinctD.encouragement（15）A.motivationB.dangerC.supportD.achievement【答案】BDABCDBBADCDCCA【考点】社会文化【解析】本文主要讲述了“同伴压力”（peer pressure），人作为社会人，总要受到他人的评价和认同，他人的评价和认同对人的行为造成很大的影响．这也可以解释﹣﹣为什么有些人在家里的表现和在外面的表现不一样？在家里可以穿拖鞋很随意，在外面却要西装革履待人接物均符合社会准则．【解答】（1） B．考查形容词．traditional 传统的；similar 相似的；peculiar 怪异的；奇怪的；不寻常的；opposite 相反的，相对的，此处表示“它是对个人施加的一种社会影响，目的是使个人以类似于更大群体的方式行动或信仰”，因此选B．（2） D．考查形容词．understandable 可以理解的；believable 可以相信的；acceptable 可以接受的；surprising 令人惊讶的，此处表示“人天生就是社会性的生物，所以他们的自尊有一部分来自别人的认可也就不足为奇了”，因此选D．（3） A．考查名词．disapproval 不同意；failure 失败；absence 缺席；independence 独立，此处表示“这种本能解释了为什么同龄人的赞同和对不赞同的恐惧在许多人的生活中是如此强大的力量”，因此选A．（4） B．考查形容词．uncertain 不确定的；practical 实际的；impossible 不可能的；vague 模糊的，此处表示“这有一个实际的方面：它有助于社会有效运转，并鼓励人们普遍自律，简化人们之间的日常互动．”，因此选B．（5） C．考查动词．promote 提升；prevent 阻止，防止；simplify 简化；increase 增加，此处表示“这有一个实际的方面：它有助于社会有效运转，并鼓励人们普遍自律，简化人们之间的日常互动．”，因此选C．（6） D．考查名词．challenge 挑战；inspiration 灵感；promise 诺言；addition 加；加法；增加；添加，此处表示“对某些人来说，寻求社会认可是如此重要，以至于它成为了一种附加”，因此选D．（7） B．考查动词．recognize 辨认，承认；abandon 抛弃，遗弃；decrease 减少；define 下定义，此处表示“对某些人来说，寻求社会的接纳是如此重要，以至于它变成了一种补充：为了满足这种欲望，他们可能会放弃自己的是非观”，由此可知答案选B．（8） B．考查动词．avoid 避免；encourage 鼓励；decline 下降；punish 惩罚，此处表示“青少年和年轻人可能感到被迫使用毒品，或加入帮派，鼓励犯罪行为．”，因此选B．（9）A．考查形容词．pressured 有压力的；respected 受人尊敬的；delighted 高兴的；regretted 后悔的，此处表示“成熟的成年人有时可能会感到压力，不得不掩盖自己工作所在公司的非法活动，或者因为无力抑制购买自己无力负担的房屋或汽车的欲望而负债累累，以努力跟上同龄人的步伐．”，由此可知答案选A．（10） D．考查动词短语．catch sight of 看见；stay away from 远离；make fun of 取笑；keep up with 跟上，赶上，此处表示“成熟的成年人有时可能会感到压力，不得不掩盖自己工作所在公司的非法活动，或者因为无力抑制购买自己无力负担的房屋或汽车的欲望而负债累累，以努力跟上同龄人的步伐．”，由此可知答案选D．（11） C．考查名词．competition 比赛；interaction 相互作用；academic 学术；adaptation 适应，此处表示“如果一个学生的朋友在学习上很好，他可能会被要求更加努力地学习并取得好成绩．运动队的队员可能会感到有动力更加努力地比赛以帮助球队获胜”，因此选C．（12） D．考查名词．knowledge 知识；interest 兴趣；assistance 协助，援助；influence 影响，此处表示“这种影响也可以让朋友戒毒，或者帮助成年人养成好习惯或者戒掉坏习惯．”，因此选D．（13） C．考查形容词．abstract 抽象的；ridiculous 荒唐的；subtle 微妙的；reasonable 有道理的，此处表示“虽然同龄人的压力有时是相当明显的，但它也可能是如此微妙，以至于一个人甚至可能没有注意到它正在影响他或她的行为．”，由此可知答案选C．（14） C．考查名词．consciousness 意识；motivation 动机；instinct 本能，天性，直觉；encouragement 鼓励，此处表示“因此，在做重要决定时，凭直觉行事是有风险的．”，因此选C．（15） A．考查名词．motivation 动机；danger 危险；support 支持；achievement 成就，功绩，此处表示“相反，人们应该认真考虑为什么他们会对采取某个特定的行动感兴趣，真正的动机是否仅仅是其他人都在做同样的事情”，因此选A．Section BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read."You can use me as a last resort （选择）．and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids’ lacrosse （长曲棍球）club．I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport． She may just need a little persuading． So I try again and ________． I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on…At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright． Yes, I’ll do it．”I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many． The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end ﹣ of ﹣ season gifts． Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team． The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season． Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal．Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close． That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community as you freely give yourtime, money, skills, or services provides a real joy． Volunteering just feels so good．In that sense．I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit． However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?（1）What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph 1？________A. She knows little about the club．B. She isn’t good at sports．C. She just doesn’t want to volunteer．D. She’s unable to meet her schedule．．（2）What does the underlined phrase" ________" in paragraph 2 mean？________A. Encourage team work．B. Appeal to feelings．C. Promote good deeds．D. Provide advice．．（3）What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3？________A. She gets interested in lacrosse．B. She is proud of her kids．C. She’ll work for another season．D. She becomes a good helper．．（4）Why does the writer like doing volunteer work？________A. It gives her a sense of duty．B. It makes her very happy．C. It enables her to work hard．D. It brings her material rewards．【答案】CBDB【考点】人生感悟类阅读说明文阅读【解析】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了一位母亲因为一次志愿者活动而爱上了做志愿者帮助别人．【解答】（1）C．细节理解题．根据文章第一段You can use me as a last resort（选择）， and if nobody else volunteers， then I will do it可知从她在第1段的回答中我们可以推断出她只是不想做志愿者；故选C．（2）B．细节理解题．根据文章第二段So I try again and tug at the heartstrings． I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coachinga team that his kids aren’t even on…所以我再试一次感情用事了．我提到有四个孩子的单亲家长在主持这个节目，我还谈到爸爸在指导一个团队，他的孩子甚至不在…上．可知意为感情用事；故选B．（3）D．细节理解题．根据文章第三段The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule，sends out emails，and collects money for end﹣of﹣season gifts可知我们能从第3段中了解到她成为一个好帮手；故选D．（4）B．细节理解题．根据文章最后一段I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit． However， if others benefit in the process可知作者喜欢做志愿者工作它使她非常快乐；故选B（You may read the questions first．）（1）What is the theme of this year’s competition？________A.Technology advances science．B.Science interacts with technology．C. Science has made the study of history easy．D. Technology has improved the life of Americans．．（2）What would a participant have to do with an essay of 1，500 words to meet the category requirement？________A. Include more information in the essay．B. Remove the references．C. Provide a cover for the essay．D. Explain the details with illustrations．．（3）What will the committee of teachers do on February 19？________A. Preview performances and documentaries．B. Make comments on the materials．C. Improve the participant’s first draft．D. Collect a second proposal from the participant．【答案】DAB【考点】广告布告类阅读应用文阅读【解析】本文是一篇广告布告类阅读，介绍了一次理解历史大赛，大赛的主题，参赛形式，参赛要求以及一些重要的时间点等等．【解答】（1）D．推理判断题．根据This Year’s Theme部分第一句All participants must address how communication or transportation technology has promoted the quality of life for Americans throughout history（参加者必须撰写在整个历史中通信或者交通技术是怎样提高美国人的生活质量的．）可知，今年的竞赛主题是技术促进了美国人生活的提高，故选D．（2）A．推理判断题．根据Essay Writing部分中的第一句An academic paper of 2，000 to 2，500 words． No illustrations （图解） are allowed． Please do not include covers． A list of references must be included（论文要求2000至2500字，不允许有图解，不包括封面，必须有参考书目部分）可知，题干中的1500字的论文不符合2000字以上的写作要求，再结合“不允许有图解，不包括封面，必须有参考书目部分”等要求，所以必须补充更多的信息．故选A．（3）B．推理判断题．根据文章Important Dates中的第三行February 19 A committeeof teachers will evaluate materials and give opinions（二月十九日，教师委员会要评价学生的论文并且给出意见）可知，二月十九日，教师委员会要为学生的论文材料做出评价．故选B．When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals． They suddenly became extinct． Smaller species survived． Thelarge, slow﹣growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted toextinction． Now something similar could be happening in the oceans．That the seas are being overfished has been known for years． What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing． They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world． Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass （the amount of living biological matter） of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass overtime． According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators （animals that kill and eat other animals） in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation． In some long﹣fished areas, it has halved again since then．Dr． Worm acknowledges that ________． One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved．Today’s vessels （船）can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago． That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes． In the early days, too, longlines （多钩长线）would have been more filled with fish． Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks （带饵钩）would have been available to trap them, leadingto an underestimate of fish stocks in the past． Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked． That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now．Dr． Myers and Dr． Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account． They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline”． The idea is that people havefailed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past． That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield （产量）that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels． Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business．（1）The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that________．rge animals were easily hurt in the changing environmentB.small species survived as large animals disappearedC. large sea animals may face the same threat todayD. slow﹣growing fish outlive fast﹣growing ones．（2）By saying ________， Dr． Worm means that________．A. fishing technology has improved rapidlyB. the catch﹣sizes are actually smaller than recordedC. the marine biomass has suffered a greater lossD. the data collected so far are out of date．（3）Dr． Myers and other researchers hold that________．A.people should look for a baseline that can’t work for a longer timeB.fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the biomassC. the ocean biomass should restore its original levelD. people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situation．（4）The writer seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’________．A. biomass levelB. management efficiencyC. catch﹣size limitsD. technological application．【答案】CCDA【考点】科教类阅读说明文阅读【解析】文章讲述了研究人员现在指出海洋中由于过度捕捞，鱼类正在减少，说明了鱼类正在减少原因及呼吁改变捕鱼的底线来改变现在的状况．【解答】（1）C．推断题．从文章第一自然段和第二自然段的描写中，我们可知大型史前动物的灭绝的目的是为了表明如今海洋中的大型生物可能也同样遭受着威胁，故选C（2）C．细节题．从文One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved．Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar，可知，这些数字之所以是保守估计，是因为现代科学技术的进步，给捕鱼带来带来了方便，海洋生物已经遭受了更大的破坏，故选C（3）D．推断题．从文章Dr． Myers and Dr． Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline， which future management efforts must take into account．及最后可知，现在绝大多数的渔场的鱼的数量只是以前的一半，甚至更少，所以人们应该调整捕鱼的基线来改变现在状态，故选D（4）A．推断题．文章整个文段都在围绕“海洋生物总量”这个话题展开的，文中多次出现了“biomass”这个词，故选ASection CDirections： Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A． This can affect your work．B． So how should you motivate yourself？C． However， this should not discourage you．D． So why should we try to set specific goals？E． Without motivation， you can neither set a goal nor reach it．F． Motivation is what you need most to do a good job．Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question：“Sho uld I jump？” This is what motivation or the lack of it can do． Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin．（1）_______ Like the child on the diving board，you will stay undecided．（2）_______ More than that， how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal？ First，you need to evaluate yourself， your values， your strengths， your weaknesses， your achievements， your desires， etc． Only then should you set your goals．You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation． This is quite important，because it is directly related to your commitment． There are times when your heart is notin your work．（3）_______ So， slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment． Clarity of thoughts can help you move forward．Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives，keeping in mind your beliefs， values and strengths． Remember that goals are flexible． They can change according to circumstances． They also need to be measurable． You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals．Your personal circumstances are equally important． For example， you may want to be a Pilot but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough．（4）_______ You should reassess your goals， and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal．You will surely need to overcome some difficulties， some planned， but most unplanned． You cannot overcome them without ample motivation． Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals．【答案】E,B,A,C【考点】说明文七选五【解析】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了动机和目标设定是同一枚硬币的两面，一定要好好把握．【解答】（1）E．推理判断题．根据后文 Like the child on the diving board， you will stay undecided就像跳板上的孩子一样，你会犹豫不决．可知没有动力，你既不能设定目标，也不能达到目标；故选E．（2）B．推理判断题．根据后文More than that， how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal？更重要的是，你应该如何保持动力来实现这个目标呢？可知那么，你应该如何激励自己呢；故选B．（3）A．推理判断题．根据前文This is quite important， because it is directly related to your commitment． There are times when your heart is not in your work这是非常重要的，因为它与你的承诺直接相关．有时你的心不在你的工作中．可知这会影响你的工作；故选A．（4）C．推理判断题．根据后文You should reassess your goals， and motivate yourselfto set a fresh goal你应该重新评估你的目标，并激励自己设定一个新的目标．可知然而，这不应使你气馁；故选C．IV. Summary WritingDirections： Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point （s） of the passage in no more than 60 words． Use your own words as far as possible．Parents everywhere praise their kids． Jenn Berman， author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids、says，“We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict．” By giving kids a lot of praise． Parents think they’re building their children’s confidence， when， in fact， it may be just the opposite． Too much praise can backfire and，when given in a way that’s insincere， make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top wheretheir parents’ praise has put them．Still，don’t go too far in the other direction． Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much． Kids will feel like they’re not good enough or that you don’t care and， as a result， may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments．So what is the right amount of praise？ Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity． If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome，you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward．“We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal，” says Donahue， author of Parenting Without Fear： Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters．“One thing to remember is that it’s the process not the end product that matters．”Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team．But if he’s out there e very day and playing hard， you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses． Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard， cook dinner， or finish a book report． But whatever it is， praise should be proportionate （相称的）to the amount of effort your child has put into it．【答案】Currently， contrary to what people did in the past， many parents think highly of their kids to often．（高分句型一）（要点一：目前，与过去的做法相反，许多父母过于高度评价自己的孩子） It is not proper to praise children too much．but they can’t do the opposite．（要点二：表扬过分不合适，但是也不能不表扬）It is said that what matters is not the the quantity but the quality of praise．（高分句型二）（要点三：重要的不是数量，而是质量）Parents should praise their children in promotion to how much effort they make．（要点四：父母表扬孩子要依据他们的努力结果）【考点】概要写作【解析】高分句型一：Currently，contrary to what people did in the past， many parents think highly of their kids too often．译文：目前，与过去的做法相反，许多父母过于高度评价自己的孩子．分析：what引导宾语从句．高分句型二：It is said that what matters is not the the quantity but the quality of praise．译文：据说重要的不是数量，而是质量．分析：使用It is said that 据说，what引导主语从句．【解答】Currently， contrary to what people did in the past， many parents think highly of their kids to often．（高分句型一）（要点一：目前，与过去的做法相反，许多父母过于高度评价自己的孩子） It is not proper to praise children too much．but they can’t do the opposite．（要点二：表扬过分不合适，但是也不能不表扬）It is said that what matters is not the the quantity but the quality of praise．（高分句型二）（要点三：重要的不是数量，而是质量）Parents should praise their children in promotion to how much effort they make．（要点四：父母表扬孩子要依据他们的努力结果）V. TranslationDirections： Translate the fallowing sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.他每次进城都给女儿带礼物．（without）________【答案】He doesn’t go to town without buying her daughter a gift．【考点】汉译英【解析】他每次进城都给女儿带礼物．【解答】答案：He doesn’t go to town without buying her daughter a gift．考查汉译英．1．因表示的是一般事实，要用一般现在时；2． go to town进城．你能否得到这工作应该与你的年龄无关．（difference）________【答案】Your age shouldn’t make any difference to whether you get the job or not．【考点】汉译英【解析】你能否得到这工作应该与你的年龄无关．【解答】答案：Your age shouldn’t make any difference to whether you get the job or not．考查汉译英．1．因表示的是一般事实，主从句都用一般现在时；2． make any difference 任何关系（任何影响）；whether or not无论是…或…；是否．老师让我代表学校致辞，欢迎在座的贵宾们．（arrange）________【答案】The teacher arranged for me to deliver a speech on behalf of our school（in order） to welcome the distinguished guests present．【考点】汉译英【解析】老师让我代表学校致辞，欢迎在座的贵宾们．【解答】答案：The teacher arranged for me to deliver a speech on behalf of our school（in order）to welcome the distinguished guests present．考查汉译英．1．因事情已发生，要用一。
2020年上海市静安区高考一模英语试题(解析版)
考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你被雪崩抛来抛去，发现自己被埋在许多英尺厚的雪下，你可能无法真正知道哪条路是向上的，哪条路是向下的。此处为“find+宾语+宾补”结构，yourself与burry之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词做宾语补足语，故填buried。
【9题详解】
考查代词。句意：一些雪崩受害者试图挖出他们 出路，却发现他们是颠倒的，在雪下挖得更深，而不是在顶部。dig oneself +介词（短语）表示“挖洞使自己……”，根据“they”可知此处指“他们自己”，故填themselves。
How Do Avalanches Happen
If you’re ever skiing in the mountains, you’ll want to be aware of avalanches. An avalanche is a sudden flow of snow down a slope, such as a mountain. The amount of snow in an avalanche___1___(vary) based on many things, but it can be such a huge amount that it can bury the bottom of a slope in dozens of feet of snow.
Deng went to the United States in 1948 for further study, and received a doctorate in physics two years later. Just nine days after graduation, the then 26-year-old returned to the newly - founded People’s Republic of China with___12___physics knowledge. He became a research fellow under the leadership of Qian Sanqiang and started his theoretical nuclear research in cooperation with Yu Min.
2020上海长宁、金山区高考英语一模.doc
Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A Grateful PatientI took a job as a receptionist for a vet（兽医）almost five decades ago. As an enthusiastic animal lover, I accepted the position on the condition (21) _______ U wouldn’t have to assist with any wounded animals. I didn’t have the courage (22) _______ (watch) any creature in pain.At the end of my first week, we were closing the office for the day (23) _______ a young man ran up to us holding a severely injured Doberman puppy（杜宾幼犬）in his arms and begging us to save his life. The four-month-old puppy had been hit by a car.The doctor and I ran back into the operating room. The only place (24) _______ the skin was still attached to his poor little body was around one shoulder. The vet worked tirelessly for what seemed like hours, (25) _______ (sew) him back together again. That was the easy part. The puppy had broken multiple bones, including his back.(26) _______ _______ he survived the next few days, we were quite sure he would never walk again.The day forever changed my life. I became the vet’s assistant in all things medical. One of my first jobs was to give that Doberman puppy daily physical therapy. Weeks went by until one day he finally recovered.Fast - forward about a year. I walked into the clinic’s (27) _______ (crowed) waiting room and called the name of the next client. Suddenly, a huge Doberman ran toward me. I found (28) _______ pinned against the wall with this magnificent dog standing on his back legs, his front paws（爪子）on my shoulders, washing my face with plentiful and joyful kisses!I still tear up in amazement (29) _______ the display of love and gratitude the dog had for me that day all those years ago. I went on to be a vet technician for 14 years, and since retirement, I have volunteered at a no-kill animal shelter. In all the time that has passed and all the experiences I have had, I’ve never met a dog who didn’t know that it (30) _______ (rescue) in one way or another.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Marketing the MoonAn astronaut, a little hop and a witty quote: Neil Armstrong’s first lunar（月球的）footstep is deep-rooted in the minds of all humankind. But that first moon landing might not have been such a(n) __31__ moment if it weren’t for NASA’s clever PR (Public Relations) team.Richard Jurek is a marketing __32__ and co-author of the book marketing the Moon: The Selling of the Apollo Lunar Program. He says NASA’s move to real-time, open communication made the 1969 Apollo 11 landing “the first positive viral event that __33__ the world’s attention.”Before NASA was established in 1958, rockets were the military’s territory; that secretiveness carried over into the space agency’s early days. At first, NASA followed a “fire in the tail” rule, only ___34___ a rocket’s launch when it was successfully in the air. But as the agency evolved, it started announcing more details about the Apollo program. It ___35___its astronauts, talked openly about mission goals and challenges, and shared launch times so people could watch. “If it had been run like it was under the military,” Jurek says, “we would not have had that sense of drama, that sense of involvement, that sense of wonder, that ___36___.” Instead, all the PR and press promotion in the years ahead of Apollo 11 brought the human spaceflight program into people’s living rooms and imaginations.As the drama neared its peak, NASA’s PR officials pushed for live TV broadcasts of the first humans to walk on the moon. Not everyone thought it was a good idea. The technology for live lunar broadcasts, and cameras small enough to keep the cargo ___37___, didn’t exist at the point. Some engineers worried that developing that equipment would ___38___ from efforts to achieve the landing itself. But NASA’s communications team argued that telling the story was as vital as the ___39___ itself. Live TV would bring the American people -- and international viewers -- along for the ride.Come landing day, which ___40___ fell on a Sunday, more than half a billion people worldwide crowded around TVs and radios for the historic moment. “We were able to come together and do something that was exciting and interesting and brought the world together,” says David Meerman Scott, marketing strategist and co-author of Marketing the Moon. “I don’t know that we’ve done anything like that since.”Ⅱ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Ancient creatures likely evolved the stress response to better escape from hunters. But today its causes include traffic, deadlines and first dates. According to a 2018 American Psychological Association survey of more than 3,000 people, the top ___41___ are work, money, the economy and health.Although everyone faces stress, people react to it ___42___. “There’s the situation, how we ___43___ the situation, and then our skills at handling the situation,” says psychologist William Lovallo of the University of Oklahoma. ____44____ experiences help us assess appropriate responses, so most people improve with age. “A high school student or a college student might not have those ___45___ skills and might let a situation get out of hand,” he adds.Most ___46___have normal stress responses, regulated to give the right burst of hormones（激素）and bodily changes for a particular stressor. But others always over-or under-react, which may be a warning sign for physical or mental ___47___. To study this, scientists often monitor cortisol（皮质醇）or heart rate variations throughout the day and during trying tasks.____48___, the intensity of these responses seems to be set from a young age. Studies have shown that people who experienced childhood hardships -- including physical punishment and a(n) ___49___ home -- are more likely to have quiet stress reactions as adults. For example, as part of a study published in 2012, Lovallo exposed 354 participants to moderate stress. People who self-reported early-life ___50___ actually had lower heart rates and cortisol levels than other participants. While the study tasks were not important, the individuals’ under-reactions suggest their stress response may also have trouble ___51___ when it really matters. It can be just as ___52___ as an extreme response. Other research has found links between childhood conflict, abnormally low adult stress and substance misuse. Though the biology is not fully understood, it’s suggested that early - life neglect or suffering ___53___ the body’s stress pathways.Even before birth, a child can ___54___ parental stress. The phenomenon is well - demonstrated in rats and mice, and some papers have shown the same association ___55___. For example, babies born to mothers who survived the 9/11 attacks all had how cortisol levels.41. A. stressors B. responses C. secretes D. concerns42. A. appropriately B. differently C. normally D. mentally43. A. improve B. influence C. describe D. evaluate44. A. Valuable B. Professional C. Previous D. Constant45. A. coping B. living C. learning D. acting46. A. adults B. researchers C. students D. monitors47. A. functions B. disorders C. variations D. abilities48. A. By the way B. In some cases C. On the contrary D. As a result49. A. independent B. distinguished C. unstable D. extended50. A. education B. experience C. involvement D. difficulty51. A. racing up B. showing up C. taking up D. keeping up52. A. impressive B. insignificant C. positive D. unhealthy53. A. smooths B. follows C. dulls D. destroys54. A. endure B. relieve C. increase D. inherit55. A. between animals B. in humans C. with society D. of importanceSection BDirections: Read the following three passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I live in a second - floor flat with an ancient tree right on the corner of the house. House and tree have been here, side by side, for well over a century. No one really knows how old the tree is, but it was already there when builders started on the house at the beginning of the 1900s.It was still rather young and flexible back then, so it easily welcomed the new structure into its path. it bent and adjusted itself to make room, and to find the space to grow big and strong and wise. Which means that some hundred years later, the solid, strong branches of the tree reach around two full sides of my home. It’s covered in mass（苔藓）, which is, in turn, crawling with all sorts of inseets. I have never seen the insects, by the way, I just know that they’re there because of all the birds trying to pick them out. They are always hopping around, looking for this and that and singing songs.I feel like I have become part of the ecosystem. When I’m eating breakfast or making dinner in the kitchen, I can look out and see a bird hopping around skillfully, gathering its own meal while I tend to mine. When I’m sitting in the living room, reading or drinking tea, I can suddenly find myself face to face with another bird. We’ll be staring at each other and, after some time, decide we can both carry on with our business. Living side by side. Even as I writethis -- the large windows open to a lovely, soft evening -- a white feather comes floating down by my side. Probably from one of the resident pigeons.As I don’t have the luxury of a garden, this tree makes me fell connected to the outdoors. Such an ancient tree, a tree that is itself home to many other creatures -- that feels different. It is as if it has adopted me and made me a part of its world, without ever asking for something in return. But if needs be, I know that it can count on me and I will protect it with all my strength.56. The flat that author lives in is _________.A. built in an ancient treeB. hugged by a giant treeC. decorated with branchesD. surrounded by a garden57. In the author’s description, she implies that _________.A. birds keep her warm companyB. she has been living on tree productsC. moss makes her flat nice and coolD. she has been bothered by the insects58. What does the author really treasure?A. A close - to - nature life.B. A luxurious garden.C. A spacious house.D. A sociable neighbor.59. Which of the following can be used to express the author’s feeling?A. Jealous.B. Inferior.C. Content.D. Passionate.(B)60. By “how they stacked up” in paragraph 1, the author probably means “how they _________.”A. make sense to manufacturersB. get stuck in storesC. are compared with each otherD. are piled up together.61. Which of the following devices favourably reacts to users?A. Dream-pad pillowB. Eight sleep trackerC. Smart Nora Wireless Snoring SolutionD. Nightingale Smart Home Sleep System62. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. The Eight keeps the entire bed at the same temperature.B. The Nightingale is an economical but perfect device.。
2020年上海市青浦区高考英语一模试卷
2020年上海市青浦区高考英语一模试卷II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections： After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.1.Mako sharks get new protectionsAt the global wildlife trade meeting in Geneva， countries have decided to protect the endangered mako shark from trade． GENEVA made the proposal （1）________ more protections should be taken for both shortfin and longfin mako sharks and was adopted today after a 102﹣40 vote at the global wildlife trade summit． The vote still needs to be finalized at the full meeting at the end， when all appendix （附录） change proposals passed in committee are officially adopted．The proposal，debated at this year’s CITES Conference， lists mako sharks under Appendix II，meaning that they can’t be traded （2）________ it can be shown that fishing wouldn’t threaten their chances for survival．Conservationists say this was the world’s last chance to prevent mako shark populations from collapsing．（3）________ （list） mako sharks on CITES Appendix II is great news for shark conservation． More than 50 of the 183 CITES members signed on as supporters of the proposal brought forth by Mexico． Nonetheless， conservationists feared that opposition from a few countries with fairly large mako fishing industries﹣primarily the United States，Canada， and Japan﹣（4）________ tip the scale． Japan opposed the measure duringthe debates， and the United States announced afterward it （5）________ （vote） no．In the past， the U．S． and others have supported listing other shark species under CITES，but not so in this case，（6）________ commercial interests． For a lot of these countries，they were happy to list shark species when it was ones they weren’t so heavily involved in fishing． Suddenly，when they’re being asked to be responsible， rather than asking other people to be responsible，they’re （7）________（little） keen to take it on board．The International Union for the Conservation of Nature， which determines the conservation status of species claims that both species of mako sharks to be endangered，saying an （8）________ （estimate） 50 to 79 percent population decline over three generations， or about 75 years． They（9）________， used in shark fin soup﹣a dish in Asian countries，that’s often served at weddings as a sign of respect for guests． Their meat is more edible compared to （10）________ of other sharks， which is often acidic and is usually sold as a byproduct of the fin trade for “pennies on the dollar”．【答案】that,unless,Listing,could/would,had voted,with/for,less,estimated,are targeted,that【考点】说明文语法填空【解析】本文为记叙文．在日内瓦举行的全球野生动物贸易会议上，各国决定严禁对濒临灭绝的mako鲨鱼进行买卖．【解答】1．that．考查连接词．句意：日内瓦建议对短鳍和长鳍mako鲨鱼采取更多的保护措施．___more protections should be taken for both shortfin and longfin mako sharks是对前面名词proposal（提议）的具体内容的说明，需要用连接词引导同位语从句．分析句子可知，所填连接词在从句中不担任句子成分，也无实际含义，故填that．2．unless．考查连接词．句意：（除非）能证明捕鱼不会威胁到它们的生存机会，否则它们是不能被买卖的．空格前后为两个句子，需要一个连接词．空格后面句子表达“被买卖”的前提条件，结合句意，用连词unless意为“除非……、如果不……”．故填unless．3．Listing．考查非谓语动词．句意：把mako鲨鱼列入CITES附录二是鲨鱼保护的好消息．___（list） mako sharks on CITES Appendix II在句子中作主语，表示已知的事实，用动名词形式．故填Listing．4．could/would．考查情态动词．句意：尽管如此，自然资源保护者担心来自少数拥有相当大的mako渔业的国家（主要是美国、加拿大和日本）的反对可能会使规模变小．空格后为动词原形，此处表达可能性，根据主句谓语动词feared用了一般过去时，可以推知，空格处填情态动词can的过去式could．也可以用would，从过去的角度陈述未来可能发生的事情．故填could/would．5． had voted．考查动词的时态．句意：日本在辩论中反对这项措施，美国随后宣布投票反对．vote no（投反对票）这一动作发生在announce（宣布）这一动作之前，用过去完成时．故填had voted．6．with/for．考查介词．句意：在过去，美国和其他国家曾支持将其他鲨鱼物种列入濒危物种国际贸易公约，但在本案中并非如此，只是出于商业利益．空格及后面部分在句子中作状语，用介词短语表达，with/for commercial interests以商业利益为目的，符合语境．故填with/for．7.1ess．考查副词的比较级．突然间，当他们被要求承担责任，而不是要求其他人承担责任时，他们就不太愿意承担责任了．little修饰形容词keen（热衷的、热心的），结合句意，此处暗含着与前面 they were happy to list shark species when it was ones they weren’t so heavily involved in fishing作比较之意，所以用little的比较级形式．故填less．8．estimated．考查词性转换．estimate（估计）用作动词，此处作定语修饰名词population，且与被修饰词之间为被动关系，用动词的过去分词形式．故填estimated．9．are targeted．考查动词的时态语态．句意：可用于鱼翅汤﹣亚洲国家的一种菜肴，通常在婚礼上用来表示对客人的尊重，它们成为被攻击的目标．动词target的含义是：把…作为攻击目标，主语they指代mako sharks，与动词target之间为被动关系，故填are targeted．10．that．考查代词．句意：与其他鲨鱼相比，它们的肉更适合食用．用于比较级句式中，指代前面出现的不可数名词或可数名词单数，通常用that．此处代指前面名词meat，表特指．故填that．Section BDirections： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.In between all the measures to battle the severe air pollution levels in Delhi，there’s one more option for you ﹣a bar that has “pure air”．Delhi’s first﹣ever oxygen bar ﹣ named “Oxy Pure” ﹣ offers 15 minutes of 80﹣90 percent pure oxygen starting from Rs 299．The bar，（1）_______ in May， also offers its customers several aromas（香味）to choose from that can be filled with oxygen． The aromas include lemongrass， cherry，mango and more．Customers are given a lightweight tube， used for supplementary oxygen （2）_______． The device is plac ed near the customer’s nose through which they are advised to breathe in the aroma﹣filled oxygen．According to the aroma you choose， each session （3）_______ to improve one’s sleep patterns and digestion， cure headaches and even claims to work as a remedy for （4）_______．"I was passing by and saw that they were offering pure oxygen． I thought I would give it atry and went for the lemongrass flavour． It was （5）_______，" Manjul Mehta， a customer at Oxy Pure told Delhi Daily．Speaking to Delhi Daily， Bonny Irengbam， senior sales assistant at the bar， said customers were（6）_______ positively after a few sessions．"Some people， who try it for the first time， will feel relaxed and fresh． But only people who undergo the sessions regularly will get real （7）_______ of the aroma，" he added． "Though we have regular customers，we don’t encourage back﹣to﹣back sessions， as （8）_______ levels of oxygen in the body can make a person dizzy． It is （9）_______ to do it once or twice a month or to stick with the 10﹣15 minute sessions a day，" he said．Dr． Rajesh Chawla， a senior consultant in medicine said that though such sessions do not have any side﹣effects， it does not help in the long run either．“Even if you breathe in the so﹣called pure oxygen for two hours in a day， you will go back to breathing the pollutedair for the rest of the 22 hours”， he said． He added that the concept is purely a（n）（10）_______ move．【答案】Flaunched,H． intake,Cpromises,K． depression,Brefreshing,J． responding,Abenefits,Eincr eased,I． advisable,Dcapitalistic【考点】任务型阅读【解析】在所有应对德里严重空气污染的措施中，你还有一个选择﹣﹣一个有“纯空气”的酒吧．德里有史以来第一个名为“纯氧”的酒吧，本文讲述了香味疗程作用．【解答】1﹣5 F H C K B 6﹣10 J A E I D（1）F． launched．考查选词填空．根据句意“这家酒吧，开始于于5月，还为顾客提供了几种可以充满氧气的香味”，可知表示“开始于”用F． launched．（2）H． intake．考查选词填空．根据句意“给顾客一个轻便的吸氧管，用于补充氧气”，可知表示“吸收”用H． intake．（3）C． promises．考查选词填空．根据句意“根据你所选择的香味，每一个疗程都承诺有助于改善睡眠模式和消化，治疗头痛，甚至声称可以治疗抑郁症．”，可知表示“承诺”用C． promises．（4）K． depression．考查选词填空．根据句意“根据你所选择的香味，每一个疗程都承诺有助于改善睡眠模式和消化，治疗头痛，甚至声称可以治疗抑郁症”，可知表示“抑郁症”用K． depression．（5）B． refreshing．考查选词填空．根据句意“它是使人精力充沛的”，可知表示“使人精力充沛的”用 B． refreshing．6）J． responding．考查选词填空．根据句意“顾客们在用过几次后反应积极．”，可知表示“反应”用J． responding．（6）A． benefits．考查选词填空．根据句意“但是只有经常参加的人才能真正享受到香气的好处”，可知表示“好处”用A． benefits．（7）E． increased．考查选词填空．根据句意“因为增加体内的氧含量可以使晕眩的人．”，可知表示“增加”用E． increased．（8）I． advisable．考查选词填空．根据句意“我建议每月做一两次，或者坚持每天10﹣15分钟的疗程．”，可知表示“建议”用 I． advisable．（9）D． capitalistic．考查选词填空．根据句意“他说这个概念纯粹是一个资本主义的举动．”，可知表示“资本主义的”用D． capitalistic．III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Stories about the problems of tourism have been numerous in the last few years． Yet it does not have to be a problem． Although tourism inevitably affects the region in which it takes place, the costs to these fragile （脆弱的） environments and their local cultures can be （1）_______． Indeed, as has happened with some Alpine villages, it can even be a（n）（2）_______ for refreshing local cultures． And a growing number of adventure tourism （3）_______ are trying to ensure that their activities benefit the local population and environment over the long term．In the Swiss Alps, communities have decided that their future depends on combining tourism more effectively with the local （4）_______． Local concern about the rising number of second home developments in the Swiss Pays﹣d’Enhaut resulted in （5）_______ being imposed on their growth． There has also been a new interest in cheese production in the area, providing the locals with a （6）_______ source of income that does not depend on outside visitors．Many of the Arctic tourist destinations have been exploited by （7）_______ companies, who employ temporary workers and send most of the profits back to theirhome base． But some Arctic communities are now operating tour businesses themselves, thereby ensuring that the benefits increase （8）_______． For instance, a native corporation in Alaska, employing local people, is running an air tour from Anchorageto Kotzebue, where tourists eat Arctic food, walk on the lands and watch local musiciansand dancers．Native people in the desert regions of the American Southwest have followed （9）_______ strategies, encouraging tourists to visit their towns and reservations to （10）_______ high﹣quality handicrafts and artwork． Some have established highly profitable stoneware businesses, while the Navajo and Hopi groups have been similarly （11）_______ with jewelry．Too many people living in fragile environments have lost control over theireconomies, their culture and their environment when tourism has spread through their homelands． Merely restricting tourism cannot be the （12）_______ to the imbalance because people’s desire to see new places will not just disappear．（13）_______, communities in fragile environments must achieve greater control over tourism ventures in their regions, in order to （14）_______ their needs and desires with the demands of tourism． A growing number of communities are （15）_______ that, withfirm combined decision﹣making, this is possible． The critical question now is whetherthis can become the normal status, rather than the exception．（1）A.promotedB.minimizedC.inheritedD.deleted（2）A.vehicleB.responsibilityC.exampleD.entrance（3）A.operatorsB.professorsC.mayorsD.journalists（4）mitteeB.cultureC.sceneryD.economy（5）A.viewsB.burdensC.limitsD.qualifications（6）A.costlyB.criticalC.reliableD.sensible（7）A.responsibleB.nativeC.thoughtfulD.outside（8）A.locallyB.extensivelyC.virtuallyD.typically（9）A.positiveB.personalizedC.similarD.primary（10）A.estimateB.collectC.appreciateD.purchase（11）A.relevantB.successfulbinedD.impressed（12）A.desireB.solutionC.appealD.priority（13）A.InsteadB.MoreoverC.HoweverD.Besides（14）A.balanceB.meetC.requireD.recognize（15）plainingB.mentioningC.demonstratingD.protesting【答案】BAADCCDACDBBAAC【考点】政治经济类阅读【解析】这是一篇政治经济类阅读．关于旅游业问题的报道在过去的几年里数不胜数．然而，这并不一定是一个问题．虽然旅游不可避免地影响该地区发生，这些脆弱的环境和当地文化的成本完全可以最小化．事实上，就像高山地区的一些村庄一样，它甚至可以成为一种使当地文化焕然一新的载体．越来越多的探险旅游经营者正试图确保他们的活动长期有益于当地人口和环境．【解答】（1）B．考查动词及语境理解 A． promoted促进 B． minimized最小化 C． inherited 继承 D． deleted 删除根据句意：虽然旅游不可避免地影响该地区发生，这些脆弱的成本环境和当地文化可以（1）最小化．故选B．（2）A．考查名词及语境理解 A． vehicle车辆，载体B． responsibility 责任C． example例 D． entrance 入口根据句意：事实上，就像高山地区的一些村庄一样，它甚至可以成为一种使当地文化焕然一新的载体．故选A．（3）A．考查名词及语境理解 A． operators运营商 B． professors教授 C． mayors市长 D． journalists 记者根据句意：越来越多的探险旅游经营者正试图确保他们的活动长期有益于当地人口和环境．故选A．（4）D．考查名词及语境理解 A． committee 委员会B． culture文化 C． scenery风景D． economy 经济根据句意：在瑞士阿尔卑斯山脉，当地居民认为他们的未来取决于旅游业与当地经济的有效结合．故选D．（5）C．考查名词及语境理解 A． views看法 B． burdens负担 C． limits限制D． qualifications 资格根据句意：当地对瑞士支付的第二套住房开发数量的增加感到担忧，导致对其增长施加了限制．故选C．（6）C．考查形容词及语境理解 A． costly昂贵的 B． critical 关键的C． reliable可靠的 D． sensible明智的根据句意：该地区对奶酪生产也产生了新的兴趣，为当地人提供了不依赖外来游客的可靠收入来源．故选C．（7）D．考查形容词及语境理解 A． responsible负责任的 B． native本地的C． thoughtful深思熟虑的 D． outside 外部的根据句意：许多北极旅游目的地被外来公司利用，这些公司雇佣临时工，将大部分利润寄回本国．故选D．（8）A．考查副词及语境理解 A． locally本地 B． extensively广泛地C． virtually实际上 D． typically 通常根据句意：但一些北极地区现在自己经营旅游业务，从而确保当地收益增加．故选A．（9）C．考查形容词及语境理解 A． positive积极的 B． personalized个性化的C． similar类似的 D． primary 主要的美国西南部沙漠地区的原住民也采取了类似的策略，鼓励游客到他们的城镇和保留地购买高质量的手工艺品和艺术品．故选C．（10）D．考查动词及语境理解 A． estimate估计 B． collect收集 C． appreciate欣赏D． purchase 购买根据句意：美国西南部沙漠地区的原住民也采取了类似的策略，鼓励游客到他们的城镇和保留地购买高质量的手工艺品和艺术品．故选D．（11）B．考查形容词及语境理解 A． relevant有关的 B． successful成功的C． combined结合 D． impressed 深刻的根据句意：有些人已经建立了高利润的石器生意，而纳瓦霍人和霍皮人集团在珠宝方面也取得了类似的成功．故选B．（12）B．考查名词及语境理解 A． desire欲望 B． solution解决方案 C． appeal吸引力 D． priority 优先根据句意：仅仅限制旅游并不能解决这种不平衡，因为人们对新地方的渴望不会消失．故选B．（13）A．考查副词及语境理解 A． Instead而 B． Moreover此外 C． However然而D． Besides 除了根据句意：相反，脆弱环境中的社区必须对其所在地区的旅游企业实现更大的控制，以平衡其需求和愿望与旅游业的需求．越来越多的社区表明，通过坚定的联合决策，这是可能的．故选A．（14）A．考查动词及语境理解 A． balance平衡 B． meet满足 C． require需要D． recognize识别根据句意：相反，脆弱环境中的社区必须对其所在地区的旅游企业实现更大的控制，以平衡其需求和愿望与旅游业的需求．越来越多的社区表明，通过坚定的联合决策，这是可能的．故选A．（15）C．考查动词及语境理解 A． complaining抱怨 B． mentioning提到C． demonstrating证明 D． protesting抗议根据句意：现在的关键问题是，这种情况能否成为常态，而不是例外．故选C．Section BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.McCoy was looking for a safe place to do drugs when something clearly out of place caught his eye: a luxurious brown leather handbag．McCoy, 36, could relate all too well． One of his few possessions, the sleeping bag he used in an abandoned house, had recently been stolen．Remembering how angered he’d been by his own loss, he resolved to return the purse to its owner．He began right away, starting with the address on the bill found in the handbag． After traveling much of the day and finally approaching the address on the bill, he was stopped by a woman, who asked whether she could buy the purse． McCoy refused, saying he was searching for its owner．“But I am the owner,” the woman said．“That’s my pu rse．”A month earlier, Kaitlyn Smith, 29, a sales representative for a medical device company, had woken up to find her apartment broken into and her purse stolen． Now she came across a tall, messy﹣looking man holding it tightly． She could instantly tell he wasn’t in good shape．At Smith’s urging, McCoy told her his story．He’d been in charge of a landscaping business until 2012, when a car accident left him addicted to drugs．Smith, amazed this stranger had gone to such great lengths to return her bag, asked whether there was anything she could do to help．“I’m a drug addict,” McCoy warned．“Idon’t want to intrude on your life;I’m probably gonna let you down．”Unafraid, Smith gave him her phone number, saying, “If you want to go to rehab （戒毒所）, call me．” She then drove him back to his neighborhood and left, thinking that would be the end of it． Two days later, she got a call．Smith realized that McCoy was serious about getting better, so she dug into her savings account and bought McCoy a plane ticket to Florida． While there, he would call her to let her know how he was doing．“We were getting to know each other,” Smith says．“His scared, desperate voice turned into a healthy, lively one．” After 28 days at a rehab program at Johns Hopkins Hospital, McCoy is drug﹣free． He lives at a residential recovery center in Baltimore, and a GoFundMe page set up by Smith has covered hisrent, groceries, and incidentals． His life is back on track, all because one crime victim could understand another’s loss．（1）What drove McCoy to look for the owner of the handbag？________A.The urge to find a business partner．B.The resolution to recover his sleeping bag．C.His own unfortunate experience．D.His anger over the poor living condition．．（2）What was McCoy’s initial reaction towards Smith’s intention to help？________A.Enthusiasm．B.Resistance．C.Hostility．D.Gratitude．．（3）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？________A.McCoy was a victim of an identity theft．B.Smith offered McCoy a ride home at his request．C.McCoy looked unhealthy when he bumped into Smith．D.Smith covered McCoy’s living expense in the recovery centre．．（4）Which of the following might be the best title for the passage？________A.Drug﹣abuse Can Heal．B.Lost and Found．C.Mutual Communication Matters．D.Good Deeds Repaid．【答案】CBCD【考点】人生感悟类阅读记叙文阅读【解析】这是一篇人生感悟类阅读．一个月前Kaitlyn Smith帮助过McCoy，一个月后McCoy帮助了Kaitlyn Smith，好心有好报啊！【解答】（1）C．根据第二段第一句McCoy， 36， could relate all too well． One of his few possessions， the sleeping bag he used in an abandoned house， had recently beenstolen．Remembering how angered he’d been by his own loss， he resolved to return the purse to its owner（36岁的麦科伊（McCoy）能很好地描述这一切．在他为数不多的财产中，有一件最近被偷了，那就是他在一所废弃的房子里用过的睡袋．想起自己的损失是多么让他生气，他决定把钱包还给失主．）可知，麦科伊去寻找手提包的主人是因为他自己有过不幸的经历．故选C．（2）B．根据第六段最后一句“I’m a drug addict，” McCoy warned．“I don’t want to intrude on your life；I’m probably gonna let you down（”我是个瘾君子，“麦考伊警告说．”我不想打扰你的生活，我可能会让你失望的．“）．”可知，麦考伊对史密斯想要帮忙的意图的最初反应是抵抗．故选B．（3）C．根据第四段最后一句 Now she came across a tall， messy﹣looking man holding it tightly．She could instantly tell he wasn’t in good shape（这时，她碰到一个高个子、满脸脏乱的男人紧紧地抓着它．她一眼就能看出他身体不好．）可知，C选项“麦考伊撞到史密斯时，看上去很不健康．”是正确的．故选C．（4）D．根据全文介绍了一个月前Kaitlyn Smith帮助过McCoy，一个月后McCoy帮助了Kaitlyn Smith，好心有好报（Good Deeds Repaid）！故选D．Growing Green Thumbs________Denton, 940/591﹣8865;Flower Mound, 972/691﹣2650;Lewisville, 972/315﹣3133．www．mytexasgarden．comLEARN: Kids ages 5﹣12 can explore and plant in the Calloway gardens with aparent/caregiver’s supervision at 9: 30 am on the first or third Wednesdays from June to August． A garden expert will share tips and advice for the best gardening practices during the 45﹣minute session （beginning on June 2）． Preregistration online is required．COST: Free________2200 Bowling Green Ave．, Denton, 940/349﹣2883．www．dcmga．comLEARN: Join the weekend work at the community garden, where caregivers, parents and master gardeners help children of all ages plant new vegetables, water the plants, harvest from the gardens and more． The instructors also lead games about nutrition, good and bad insects and more． 10 am﹣5 pm on Saturdays．COST: Free________255 Parkway Blvd．, Coppell．www．copp11communitygarden．orgLEARN: Kids of all ages （with a parent/caregiver） can volunteer at either the Helping Hands Garden （255 Parkway Blvd．） or Ground Delivery Garden （450 S． Denton Tap Road）． Children will have the opportunity to till （耕） the ground, plant vegetables, harvest from the garden and more． Master gardeners are available on site; all harvested foods are either sold at the community’s farmers’ market or donated to the area food bank． Work begins every Saturday at about 9 am．COST: Free（1）If a child wants to plant in the Calloway gardens， he/she________．A. needs to register online before handB. should be present every Wednesday morningC. must be under supervision throughout the yearD. can visit www．dcmga．com for more information．（2）Which of the following can be learned from the passage？________A. All the three gardens are based in Denton．B. Experts in Calloway Gardens are tipped for their instructions．C. Kids in Coppell Community Gardens may take harvests home．D. Activities in Denton Children’s Community Gardens are entertaining．．（3）This piece of writing is most probably issued by________．A. a food industry in bad need of fundingB. a website promoting gardening facilitiesC. an institution offering learning programsD. an association publicizing botanical gardens．【答案】ADC【考点】应用文阅读广告布告类阅读【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了几个学习的网站【解答】（1） A 细节理解题．根据第六段“A garden expert will share tips and advice for the best gardening practices during the 45﹣minute session （beginning on June 2）．Preregistration online is required．花园专家将在45分钟的会议（从6月2日开始）中分享最佳园艺实践的提示和建议．需要在线预注册．”可知如果一个孩子想在卡洛威花园种植，他/她需要在线预注册．故选A．（2） D 细节理解题．根据最后一段“Children will have the opportunity to till （耕） the ground， plant vegetables， harvest from the garden and more． Master gardeners are available on site；all harvested foods are either sold at the community’s farmers’ market or donated to the area food bank． Work begins every Saturday at about 9 am园丁大师可以在所有收获的食物要么在社区的农贸市场出售，要么捐赠给当地的粮食银行．每周六上午9点左右开始工作．”可知C错误；根据第十四段“255 Parkway Blvd．，Coppell．科佩尔帕克威大道255号．”可知Coppell Community Gardens不在丹顿，所以A错误；B项没有提到；根据第十一段" LEARN： Join the weekend work at the community garden， where caregivers， parents and master gardeners help children of all ages plant new vegetables， water the plants， harvest from the gardens and more． The instructors also lead games about nutrition， good and bad insects and more． 10 am﹣5pm on Saturdays．学习：参加社区花园的周末工作，在那里，看护者、家长和园丁大师帮助不同年龄段的孩子种植新蔬菜、浇水、从花园收获等等．导师还领导有关营养、好昆虫和坏昆虫等方面的游戏．周六上午10点至下午5点．"可知游戏很有趣，所以D正确；故选D．（3） C 文章出处．阅读全文可知本文主要讲述了几个学习的网站，所以应该会由提供学习课程的机构发行的．故选C．Though the spread of good reproduction （复制品） of works of art can be culturally valuable, museums continue to promote the special status of original work and highlight the authenticity （真实） of its exhibits． Unfortunately, this seems to place severe limitations on the kind of experience offered to visitors．One limitation is related to the way the museum presents its exhibits． Art museums are often called “treasure houses”． We are reminded of this even before we view a collection by the presence of security guards who keep us away from the exhibits． In addition, a major collection like that of London’s National Gallery is housed in nu merous rooms, where a single piece of work is likely to be worth more than all the average visitor possesses． In a society that judges the personal status of the individual so much by their material worth, it is therefore difficult not to be impressed by one’s own relative “worthlessness” in such an environment．Furthermore, consideration of the “value” of the original work in its treasure house setting impresses upon the viewer that since these works were originally produced, they have been assigned a huge value in terms of money by some person or institution more powerful than themselves． Evidently, nothing the viewer thinks about the work is going to alter that value, and so today’s viewer is discouraged from trying to extend that spontaneous, immediate, self﹣reliant kind of interpretation which would originally have met the work．The visitor may then be struck by the strangeness of seeing such a variety of paintings, drawings and sculptures brought together in an environment for which they were not originally created．This “displacement effect” is further heightened by the huge volume of exhibits． In the case of a major collection, there are probably more works on display than we could realistically view in weeks or even months．This is particularly distressing because time seems to be a vital factor in the appreciation of all art forms． A fundamental difference between paintings and other art forms is that there is no prescribed time over which a painting is viewed． Operas, novels and poems are read in a prescribed time sequence, whereas a picture has no clear place at which to start viewing, or at which to finish． Thus art works themselves encourage us to view them superficially, without appreciating the richness of detail and labor that is involved．Consequently, the dominant critical approach becomes that of the art historian, a specialized academic approach devoted to “discovering the meaning” of art within the cultural context of its time． This is in harmony with the muse um’s function, since the approach is dedicated to seeking out and conserving “authentic”,“original” readings of the exhibits．（1）The writer mentions London’s National Gallery to illustrate________．A. the undesirable cost to a nation of maintaining a huge collection of artB. the conflict that may arise in society between financial and artistic valuesC. the negative effect a museum can have on visitors’ opinion of themselvesD. the need to put individual well﹣being above large﹣scale artistic schemes．（2）The writer says that today viewers may be unwilling to criticize a work becausethey________．A. lack the knowledge neededB. fear it may have financial implicationsC. have no real concept of the work’s valueD. feel their personal reaction is of no significance．（3）The writer says that unlike other forms of art， the appreciation of a painting does not________．A. involve direct contact with an audienceB. require a specific location for performanceC. need the involvement of other professionalsD. call for a specific beginning or ending．（4）Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？________A. Original work： killer of artistic appreciationB. Original work： reduction to value of art worksC. Original work： substitute for reproductionD. Original work：art historians’ bread and butter．【答案】CDDA【考点】说明文阅读文学艺术类阅读【解析】本文章主要讲述了某些艺术作品原著的存在以及过多的强调且真实性，会影响游客们对艺术品的欣赏体验．【解答】（1）C．细节理解题．根据文章第二段，Art museums are often called “treasure houses”． We are reminded of this even before we view a collection by the presence of security guards who keep us away from the exhibits…In a society that judges the personal status of the individual so much by their material worth， it is therefore difficult not to be impressed by one’s own relative “worthlessness” in such an environment．艺术博物馆通常被称为“宝库”．甚至在我们观看藏品之前，保安就提醒我们不要靠近展品．此外，像伦敦国家美术馆这样的大型藏品被安置在许多房间里，在那里一件作品可能比普通游客拥有的所有藏品都值钱．在一个如此以物质价值来判断个人个人地位的社会里，在这样的环境中，很难不被自己相对的“无价值”所打动．可知，作者提到伦敦国家美术馆是为了表明博物馆对游客自身价值的负面的影响，结合选项，故选C．（2）D．细节理解题．根据文章第三段，Furthermore，consideration of the “value” of the original work in its treasure house setting impresses upon the viewer that since these works were originally produced， they have been assigned a huge value in terms of money by some person or institution more powerful than themselves． Evidently， nothing the viewer thinks about the work is going to alter that value，and so today’s viewer is discouraged from trying to extend that spontaneous， immediate， self﹣reliant kind of interpretation which would originally have met the work．此外，考虑到宝库中原作的“价值”，观者会想到，这些作品自诞生之日起，就被比他们更强大的人或机构赋予了巨大的金钱价值．显然，观者对作品的任何想法都不是会改变这种价值观，所以今天的观众不愿意尝试扩展这种自发的、即时的、自力更生的解释，即使这种解释本来是符合作品的．可知，人们现在一般不轻易评价作品是因为他们认为自己的评价根本不重要．结合选项，故选D．（3）D．推理判断题．根据文章第五段，A fundamental difference between paintings and other art forms is that there is no prescribed time over which a painting is viewed． Operas， novels and poems are read in a prescribed time sequence， whereas a picture has no clear place at which to start viewing， or at which to finish．绘画和其他艺术形式的一个根本区别是看画没有规定的时间．歌剧、小说和诗歌是按规定的时间顺序阅读的，而图画没有明确的开始看的地方或结束的地方．可知，绘画不同于其他艺术形式的地方之一在于，它没有要求一个明确的开始或者结束的时间．结合选项，故选D．（4）A．标题归纳题．根据文章第一段，Though the spread of good reproduction （复制品） of works of art can be culturally valuable， museums continue to promote the special status of original work and highlight the authenticity （真实） of itsexhibits． Unfortunately， this seems to place severe limitations on the kind of experience offered to visitors．尽管艺术作品的良好复制品的传播在文化上是有价值的，但博物馆仍在继续宣传原创作品的特殊地位，并强调其展品的真实性，不幸的是，这似乎严重限制了向游客提供的体验．可知，本文章主要讲述了某些艺术作品原著的存在以及过多的强调且真实性，会影响游客们对艺术品的欣赏体验．结合选项，故选A．Section CDirections： Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Vitamin D3 Improve Heart FunctionA daily dose of vitamin D3 improves heart function in people with heart failure， a five﹣year University of Leeds research project has found．Dr． Klaus Witte， from the School of Medicine and Consultant Cardiologist at Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust， led the study． He said：“This is a significant breakthrough for patients． It is the first evidence that vitamin D3 can improve heart function of people with heart muscle weakness ﹣known as heart failure．” （1）________Vitamin D3 can be boosted by exposure to sunlight， but heart failure patients are often deficient in it even during the summer because older people make less vitamin D3 in response to sunlight than younger people． Vitamin D3 production in the skin is also reduced by sunscreen．The study， which was funded by the Medical Research Council， involved more than 160 patients from Leeds who were already being treated for their heart failure using proven treatments including beta ﹣ blockers， ACE﹣inhibitors and pacemakers．（2）________ Those patients who took vitamin D3 experienced an improvement in heart function which was not seen in those who took a placebo．。
2020年上海市崇明区高考英语一模试卷
2020年上海市崇明区高考英语一模试卷Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.1.A 14﹣year﹣old Girl Built an App to Help Alzheimer’s patients （老年痴呆症患者）For many teenagers， their lives typically might circle around schoolwork and spending time with friends． Not so for Emma Yang． Though the Hong Kong﹣born girl is only 14， she （1）________（create）her own mobile app for Alzheimer’s patients already．The Timeless app， which Yang spent two years （2）________（develop）， comes with several important features． It is an artificial intelligence﹣powered facial recognition system in the app （3）________helps Alzheimer’s patients identify people in photos and remember who they are． It also allows photos （4）________（group）by individuals as well as provides a picture﹣based phone book， which enables a user to tap on photos to call or text a person．The inspiration to develop an app that would help Alzheimer’s patients connect with their loved ones came to Yang at the age of 12， when her grandmother started forgetting things like （5）________she lived and Yang’s birthday．"I wanted to create something to help people like my grandmother stay （6）________（connect）with her family，" Yang said． It was a task she was well﹣prepared to undertake，（7）________venture capitalists didn’t take her work seriously． Yang started a crowd finding campaign in March last year to support her 37/we/es^ app project． That effort raised more than ＄10，000．At present Yang works with an international team that includes a designer in California and a developer in Cologne， Germany． The chief technology officer of Kairos， the AI company （8）________ technology is used in the Timeless app，is now Yang’s adviser．Yang urged other young， ambitious people to believe in （9）________because the teenagers of today will be tomorrow’s leaders．“T echnology has been able to make kids put their ideas into action，’’ she said ”（10）________yon get out there and put yourself out there，tell people about your idea and find out who’s onboard and can get behind it，you’ll eventually find that team of people．"【答案】has created,developing,that,to begrouped,where,connected,but,whose,themselves,Aslongas【考点】说明文语法填空【解析】本文主要介绍了一个14岁的女孩开发了一个帮助老年痴呆症患者的应用程序，帮助老年痴呆症患者识别照片中的人并记住他们是谁．【解答】1． has created．考查时态．句意：她已经为老年痴呆症患者创建了自己的手机应用程序．根据句意和already可知是现在完成时，表示动作发生在过去对现在有影响，主语she是第三人称单数，故填has created．doing…“花费时间做某事”，动词应用现在分词，故填developing．3． that．考查强调句．句意：是一个应用程序中的人工智能面部识别系统，帮助老年痴呆症患者识别照片中的人并记住他们是谁．分析句子结构可知是强调句，强调主语an artificial intelligence﹣powered facial recognition system in the app应用that，故填that．4． to be grouped．考查不定式的被动．根据前面的allows photos可知考查allow…todo sth．“允许…做某事”，动词group与photos是被动关系应用不定式的被动式，故填to be grouped．5． where．考查状语从句．分析句子结构可知是状语从句，从句中动词lived缺地点状语应用连接副词where，故填where．6． connected．考查形容词．句意：我想创造一些东西来帮助像我祖母这样的人与家人保持联系．根据句意可知考查短语stay connected with…“与…保持联系”，故填connected．7． but．考查连词．句意：这是一项她准备充分的任务，____风险投资家并没有认真对待她的工作．根据句意可知两句之间是转折关系应用转折连词but，故填but．8． whose．考查定语从句．分析句子结构可知是定语从句，先行词the AI company在从句中作定语与空后的名词technology是从属关系，故填whose．9． themselves．考查反身代词．句意：杨敦促其他有抱负的年轻人相信自己，因为今天的青少年将成为明天的领袖．根据句意可知考查believe in oneself“相信自己”，结合ambitious people可知此处应用they的反身代词，故填themselves．10． As long as．句意：只要你走出去，站出来，告诉人们你的想法，找出谁能支持你．根据句意可知此处意为“只要”应用as long as引导条件状语从句，故填As long as．Section BDirections： After reading the passage below， fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Stephen Hawking：The Extraordinary Scientist Who Changed Our Understanding of PhysicsThere aren’t very many scientists who achieved rock star status． Stephen Hawking was definitely one of them．Hawking was a theoretical physicist whose early work on black holes （1）_______ how scientists think about the nature of the universe． Lawrence Krauss， a theoretical physicist from Arizona State University and a friend and colleague of Hawking’s， says that at a young age． Hawking （2）_______ some thing “truly remarkable”． Krauss says before Hawking，physicists thought that the large gravity of a black hole （3）_______ everything in and nothing could escape． But by combining quantum mechanics （量子力学）and the theory of relativity， Hawking showed something and changed everything about the way we think about gravity． Krauss says Hawking pointed out a（n）（4）_______ problem in the way physicists understand our world一a problem that Krauss says has yet to be resolved．But his fame wasn’t just a（n）（5）_______ of his research． Hawking， who had a rare disease that made it impossible for him to move or speak， was also a popularpublic（6）_______ and best﹣selling author． When he came to scientific conferences，the audienceHistory of Time， was a best﹣seller． But he agreed that that book was probably the least﹣read， most﹣bought book ever． This showed Hawking’s sense of humor．That sense of humor， along with his fame，（8）_______ Hawking to appear on The Simpsons several times as well as on a number of other popular shows．Toward the end of his life，Hawking’s disease left him almost（瘫痪的）．It look an enormous（9）_______ for Hawking to communicate， using the tiny movements he could make to control a computer．It’s tempting to say that Hawking achieved his fame in spite of his （10）_______ challenges．【答案】D,F,A,J,C,H,I,B,G,E【考点】任务型阅读【解析】本文介绍了科学家霍金的的情况，从他的科学成就，到身体状况以及他获得的声誉．【解答】（1） D ，考查句意，根据句意“霍金是一位理论物理学家，他早期对黑洞的研究改变了科学家对宇宙本质的看法”，可知要填的词为“transformed 转变”．（2） F ，考查句意，根据句意" 霍金发现了一些“真正了不起的东西”．“，可知要填的词为” discovered 发现"．（3） A ，考查句意，根据句意" 物理学家认为黑洞的巨大引力吸引了一切，没有什么东西可以逃脱“，可知要填的词为” drew拉、拽"．（4） J ，考查句意，根据句意“霍金指出物理学家理解世界的一个基本问题”，可知要填的词为“fundamental基本的”，形容词作定语．（5） C ，考查句意，根据句意“但他的名声并不仅仅是他的研究成果”，可知要填的词为" result 结果 "，名词作表语．（6）H ，考查句意，根据句意" 霍金患有一种罕见的疾病，使他无法动弹或说话，他也是一位受欢迎的公众人物和畅销书作家“，可知要填的词为”figure人物"，前面有a，所以用单数名词．（7） I ，考查句意，根据句意“不仅是科学家，公众也对他表示了极大的尊敬”，可知要填的词为" respect尊重"，show respect for尊重．8B ，考查句意，根据句意" 这种幽默感，加上他的名声，使得霍金多次出现在《辛普森一家》以及其他一些热门节目中“，可知要填的词为” allowed 使某人能"．（8） G ，考查句意，根据句意" 对霍金来说，沟通似乎是一项巨大的努力“，可知要填的词为”effort 努力 "，前面有不定冠词，所以用单数名词做宾语．（9） E ，考查句意，根据句意“很有意思的是，尽管身体上的挑战，Hawking还是获得了高的声誉．”，可知要填的词为" physical身体上的"，形容词作定语．Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.What did we do to deserve cats and dogs? Not only are they super cute and make us smile on a daily basis, scientists from Washington State University have now proved that touching our favourite（1）_______ friends gently for just ten minutes is an effective wayto reduce stress levels．In findings published in AERA Open ﹣ an open access journal published by the American Educational Research Association ﹣ last month, scientists showed that the general （2）showing ’’significant" reduction in cortisol levels ﹣ a chemical produced by our bodies in times of stress．Many universities have adopted “Pet Your Stress Away” programs where students can （3）_______ cats or dogs and it appears to be showing both psychological and physiological benefits now．The research, conducted by Washington State University （WSU）, shows that pets improve students’ moods, and their （4）_______ as stress﹣relieving physiological benefits． "Just 10 minutes can have a significant （5）_______, " said Patricia Pendry, an associate professor in WSU’s Department of Human Development．This is the first study that has demonstrated reductions in students’ cortisol levels during a （6）_______ intervention （介入）．The team chose 249 college students and put them into tour random groups and compared the effects of different （7）_______ to animals． The first group were provided 10 minutes of actual interaction with dogs and cats． The second group waited in line while （8）_______ others petting the animals． The third group watched a slide﹣show of the same animals, while the fourth group had to （9）_______and was told they would be allowed to sec the animals after 10 minutes．Salivary cortisol （10）_______ were collected from each participant starting from the moment they woke up in the morning． There was significantly less cortisol in the saliva of students who had（11）_______ interaction with the pets．Many universities have started these （12）_______ where students can interact withcats or dogs to help relieve the pressures of higher education． "We already knew that students enjoy interacting with animals, and that it helps them experience more（13）_______ emotions, " Dr． Pendry said． "What we wanted to learn was whether this exposure would help students reduce their stress in a less（14）_______ way． And itdid, which is （15）_______because the reduction of stress chemicals may, overtime, have significant benefits for physical and mental health．"（1）A.newB.furryC.closeD.personal（2）A.enduranceB.awarenesscationD.well﹣being（3）A.glance atB.focus onC.interact withD.escape from（4）A.presenceB.performanceC.intelligenceD.perseverance（5）A.potentialB.problemC.chanceD.impact（6）（7）A.responsesB.exposuresC.contributionsD.approaches（8）A.keepingB.preventingC.observingD.catching（9）A.swearB.waitC.superviseD.appreciate（10）A.samplesB.levelsC.injectionsD.tips（11）A.littleB.harmoniousrmalD.direct（12）A.campaignsB.programsC.researchesD.majors（13）plexB.intenseC.familiarD.positive（14）A.subjectiveB.riskyC.mysteriousD.effective（15）A.demandingB.challengingC.excitingD.disappointing【答案】BDCADABCBADBDA【考点】日常生活类阅读【解析】本文主要介绍了一项学生与动物互动给学生的身体和心里上带来的好处，能够减轻学生的压力，减少压力对身心健康有显著的好处．【解答】（1）B．考查形容词辨析及句意理解．A． new 新的；B． furry 毛的；C． close 亲密的；D． personal私人的．根据前文的 cats and dogs可见都是些有毛的朋友，所以答案选B．（2）D．考查名词辨析及句意理解．A． endurance 忍耐力；B． awareness意识；C． education 教育；D． well﹣being幸福感．根据前文 scientists from Washington State University have now proved that touching our favourite（1）B friends gently for just ten minutes is an effective way to reduce stress levels，轻轻抚摸我们最喜欢的带毛朋友十分钟，是一种有效的减轻压力的方法．可见通过这项研究，学生的幸福感快速提高，所以答案选D．（3）C．考查短语辨析及句意理解．A． glance at 撇一眼；B． focus on集中注意力于；C． interact with 与互动；D． escape from逃脱．许多大学都采用了“减轻压力”的计划，学生可以与猫或狗互动，现在似乎显示出心理和生理上的好处．所以答案选C．（4）A．考查名词辨析及句意理解．A． presence出席，存在； B． performance 表演；C． intelligence 智力；D． perseverance毅力．进行的这项研究表明，可以改善学生的情绪，而且宠物的存在有助于缓解压力．所以答案选A．（5）D．考查形容词辨析及句意理解．A． potential 潜在的；B． problem问题；C． chance 机会；D． impact影响．根据语境仅仅10分钟就可以产生重大影响．所以答案选D．（6）A．考查形容词辨析及句意理解．A． real﹣life 真实的，现实的；B． part﹣time兼职的；C． contributions 奉献；D． high﹣quality高质量的．这是第一项在现实生活干预中证明学生皮质醇水平降低的研究．所以答案选A．（7）B．考查名词辨析及句意理解．A． responses回应； B． exposures 揭露；C． contributions捐款； D． approaches靠近．研究小组选择了249名大学生，将他们随机分为两组，并比较了不同动物接触暴露的效果．所以答案选B．（8）C．考查动词辨析及句意理解．A． keeping保持； B． preventing阻止；C． observing 观察；D． catching抓住．第一组与猫狗进行10分钟的实际互动，第二组排队等候，观察其他人则抚摸动物，所以答案选C．（9）B．考查动词辨析及句意理解．A． swear 发誓；B． wait等待； C． supervise 监管；D． appreciate欣赏．第三组观看相同动物的幻灯片，而第四组则必须等待，并被告知10分钟后允许他们看动物，所以答案选B．（10）A．考查名词辨析及句意理解．A． samples 样品；B． levels 水平；C． injections 注射；D． tips技巧．从早上醒来的那一刻起，从每个参与者身上采集唾液皮质醇样本，与宠物有直接接触的学生唾液中皮质醇明显减少．所以答案选A．（11）D．考查形容词辨析及句意理解．A． little 小的，少的；B． harmonious 和谐的；C． informal不正常的； D． direct直接的．从早上醒来的那一刻起，从每个参与者身上采集唾液皮质醇样本，与宠物有直接接触的学生唾液中皮质醇明显减少．所以答案选D．（12）B．考查名词辨析及句意理解．A． campaigns 运动；B． programs项目；C． researches 研究；D． majors专业课．许多大学已经开始了这个项目，学生可以和猫或狗互动，以帮助缓解高等教育的压力．" 所以答案选B．C． familiar 熟悉的；D． positive．积极的，根据前文的研究，动物给学生带来的是好的影响，所以这个学生说的应该是：我们已经知道学生喜欢和动物互动，这有助于他们体验更多积极的情绪，所以答案选D．（14）A．考查动词辨析及句意理解．A． subjective 主观的；B． risky冒险的；C． mysterious D． effective有效的．这种接触是否有助于学生以一种不那么主观的方式减轻压力．所以答案选A．（15）C．考查辨析及句意理解．A． demanding 高要求的；B．challenging 富有挑战性；C． exciting使兴奋的； D． disappointing感到失望的．根据语境这确实令人兴奋，因为随着时间的推移，减少压力化学物质可能对身心健康有显著的好处．所以答案选C．Section BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.Every year, the Palace of Fine Arts Theatre in San Francisco fills up with dancelovers． They come to take in experimental works of art that all have one thing in common﹣hip hop． This weekend the San﹣Francisco International Hip Hop Dance﹣Fest celebrates 20 years of presenting electrifying hip hop performances．Each Dance﹣Fest has diversity （多样化）of style and group size, and a balance of local and out﹣of﹣town companies． From Vietnam to Brazil to Uganda to the Czech Republic, the festival has drawn impressive international talent．After a long process, only the most exceptional companies are flown in for Dance﹣Fest． In fact, outstanding technical dance skills are only a basic standard that the festival organizers are looking for． They look for much more﹣groups or artists that think outside the box． Artists that use hip hop in a theatrical way or to address social issues are sure to stand out． For instance, the 2010 performance “Tables and Chairs” served to un derline the negative effects of alcoholism on society．It would be terribly irresponsible not to mention the founder, Micaya, in any introductionto Dance﹣Fest． A popular hip hop dance instructor, Micaya began producing high energy dance shows in the heart of San Francisco in 1993．Students of all ages and backgrounds love her classes so much that a San﹣Francisco newspaper once described her as “Best Dance Instructor”．However, Micaya was concerned about the then dubious reputation of hip hop． She made it her goal to get hip hop the same recognition and respect as other dance forms． In 1999 she started Dance﹣Fest． It was the first festival of its kind to honor the creativity of hip hop dance in a non﹣competitive atmosphere． To Micaya, competitive Riles leave little room for the magic that comes from true expression． One review said, Micaya’s festival challenges us “to reconsider just how diverse and embracing hip hop can now be．” Indeed, Micaya brings out the best in dancers, and has given San Francisco one of its finest festivals．（1）What is the passage mainly about？________A. The creativity of hip hop．B. The characteristics and the history of Dance﹣Fest．C. The best instructor of hip hop．D. The unique Riles and the challenge of Dance﹣Fest．．（2）Hip﹣hop dancers are more likely to be chosen for Dance﹣fest if they cannot only dance skillfully but also________．A. dance on the outside of the boxB. give up drinking alcohol before dancingC. handle social problems with their danceD. show their technical dance skills in theaters．（3）By “dubious reputation” in the last paragraph，the author means hip hop backthen________．A. was forbidden in publicB. was considered something badC. received too much attentionD. lacked creativity and competition．（4）What can be concluded about Dance﹣Fest？________A. It is a competition for hip hop dancers．B. It is a dance festival for various dance forms．C. It is successful in popularizing hip hop．D. It is better respected than other dance festivals．【答案】BCBC【考点】历史文化类阅读议论文阅读【解析】本文讲述了旧金山舞蹈节的特点与历史．每年，旧金山的艺术宫剧院都会挤满舞蹈爱好者，每场舞蹈节都有不同的风格和团体规模，作品都有一个共同点：嘻哈．【解答】（1） B，主旨大意他，本文讲述了旧金山舞蹈节的特点与历史．每年，旧金山的艺术宫剧院都会挤满舞蹈爱好者，每场舞蹈节都有不同的风格和团体规模，作品都有一个共同点：嘻哈．故选B．（2） C，细节理解题，根据第三段的“Artists that use hip hop in a theatrical way or to address social issues are sure to stand out以戏剧化的方式使用嘻哈乐或解决社会问题的艺术家肯定会脱颖而出”，可知答案选C．（3） B，推理判断题，根据最后一段的“She made it her goal to get hip hop the same recognition and respect as other dance forms她的目标是让嘻哈和其他舞蹈形式一样得到认可和尊重．”，可知那时嘻哈音乐被认为是坏的东西，故选B．（4） C，推理判断题，根据最后一段的“One review said，Micaya’s festival challenges us ”to reconsider just how diverse and embracing hip hop can now be．" Indeed， Micaya brings out the best in dancers一篇评论说，Michaya的音乐节要求我们“重新考虑嘻哈现在的多样性和包容性．”．“事实上，米卡娅带来了最好的舞者，”，可知它成功地推广了嘻哈舞蹈．故选C．．（1）The passage can most probably be found in the part “________” in a schools admissions booklet．A. Application ProceduresB. Terms and ConditionsC. Frequently Asked QuestionsD. Acknowledgement and Declaration．（2）What can be learned about tuition fees？________A. Tuition fees are usually paid after pupils gel their school reports．B. Tuition fees can be paid according to the number of days attended．C. There fundable deposit can be used to pay the tuition after the due date．D. A pupil may be removed from school if part of his tuition fees is overdue．．（3）It can be inferred from the passage that________．A. a pupil can withdraw from the school as soon as his guardian gives a written noticeB. there fundable deposit should be paid after the pupil begins study in the schoolC. both the school and the guardian can determine the pupils place in the schoolD. the school’s admissi ons and entry policies remain the same all these years．【答案】BDC【考点】广告布告类阅读【解析】本文章主要讲述了某学校的招生手册的注意事项和一些家长与学生的必知项目．【解答】（1） B．细节理解题．根据文章内容，本文章主要讲述了学校的1．Admission and School Policies入学和学校政策；2． Withdrawal by Parent / Guardian 由父母或者监护人带回；3． Refundable Deposit 可还退押金；4． Fees学费；5． Termination by the school学校终止．可知，本文章主要讲述了某学校的招生手册的注意事项和一些家长与学生的必知项目．因此可以在学校招生手册的条款和条件部分看到该文章，结合选项，故选B．（2）D．推理判断题．根据文章Fee部分内容，The School reserves the right to exclude a pupil where tuition or other fees are not paid in full by the due date．学校有权将未在到期日前缴清学费或其他费用的学生排除名．结合选项，故选D．（3） C．推理判断题．根据文章Termination by the school部分内容，The school may terminate this agreement when permanent exclusion or removal is required． The School shall not take such action without good cause and full consultation with parents / guardians and the pupil． Parents / guardians have the right to appeal to the Orbital Education International Schools Development Officer on a decision to permanently exclude a pupil．当需要永久性的排除或迁移时，学校可终止本协议．未经正当理由及与家长/监护人及学生充分协商，学校不得采取此类行动．家长/监护人有权就以下决定向轨道教育国际学校发展主任提出上诉：永久排除学生．可知，学校和监护人都可以决定学生在学校的位置，结合选项，故选C．Data centres and smart﹣phones will be the most damaging information and communications technologies （ICT） to the environment by 2040, according to new research from W Booth School’s Lotfi Belkhir．At the end of winter term in 2014, Lotfi Belkhir was approached by a student taking his Total Sustainability and Management course who asked, “What does software sustainability mean? ” The Entrepreneurship and Innovation Associate Professor at the W Booth School of Engineering Practice and Technology didn’t have an answer．Belkhir teaches students to think creatively about sustainability tools that can be applied to their ventures． But his tools, at the time, mainly applied to hardware, not software． The student’s question inspired Belkhir’s latest research on the global emissions footprint of information and communications technology．Belkhir, along with Ahmed Elmeligi, a recent W Booth graduate and co﹣founder of HINT （Healthcare Innovation in Neuro Technology）, studied the carbon footprint of consumer devices such as smart﹣phones, laptops, tablets, desktops as well as data centres and communication networks as early as 2005． Their findings were published in the Journal of Cleaner Production．Not only did they discover that software is driving the consumption of ICI, they also found that ICI has a greater impact on emissions than we thought and most emissions come from production and operation．“For every text message, for every ﹣ phone call, every video you upload or download, there’s a data centre making this happen．” Belkhir e xplains．’ Telecommunications networks and data centres consume a lot of energy to serve you and most data centres continue to be powered by electricity produced by traditional fuels．It’sAmong all the devices, ti*ends suggest that by 2020, the most damaging devices to the environment are smart﹣phones． While smart﹣phones consume little energy to operate． 85% of their emissions impact comes from production．A smart﹣phone’s chip and motherboard （芯片牙口主板）require the most amount of energy to produce as they are made up of precious metals that are mined at ahigh cost． Smart﹣phones also have a short life which drives further production of new models and an extraordinary ﹣ amount of waste．Belkirhas made policy recommendations based on his findings．“Communication and data centres have to go under renewable energy now． The good news is Google and Facebook data centres are going to am on renewable energy． But there needs to be a policy in place so that all data centres follow． Also．It’s not sustainable to have a two﹣year plan for smart﹣phones．”（1）The story between Lotfi Belkhir and his student in 2014 was mentioned to________．A. explain the importance of software sustainabilityB. illustrate the inspiration for Belkhir’s latest researchC. reveal the damaging impact of ICT on the environmentD. show Belcher’s student’s creativity and critical thinking．（2）One reason why smart﹣phones may be the most damaging devices of all to the environment by 2020 is that________．A. they are more precious than other devicesB. they drive the greatest consumption of ICTC. they are frequently replaced by new modelsD. they need large amounts of energy to operate．（3）To reduce the emission of ICT， Lotfi Belkhir suggests that________．A. longer plans be made to create renewable data centresB. sustainable materials be invented to produce smart﹣phonesC. policies be established to advocate everlasting smart﹣phonesD. green energy be used to operate communication and data centres．（4）What is the main idea of the passage？________A. ICT does greater harm to the environment than thought．B. Software can do irreversible damage to the environment．C. Software is more damaging to the environment than hardware．D. ICT will have the greatest impact on the environment by 2040．【答案】BCDA【考点】说明文阅读科教类阅读【解析】本文章主要讲述了数据中心和智能手机将成为对环境危害最大的信息和通信技术，文章就其带来的环境危害和影响进行了阐述．【解答】（1）B．细节理解题．根据文章第四段，The student’s question inspired Belkhir’s latest research on the global emissions footprint of information and communications technology．这个学生的问题激发了Belkhir对信息和通信技术的全球排放足迹的最新研究．由此可知，文章提到Lotfi Belkhir 和他的学生是为了说明Belkhir进行他研究的灵感来源．结合选项，故选B．（2）C．细节理解题．根据文章第九段，Smart﹣phones also have a short life which drives further production of new models and an extraordinary ﹣ amount of waste．智能手机的使用寿命也很短，这就导致了新机型的进一步生产和大量的浪费．可知，智能手机之所以对环境危害大，是因为它更新速度快，会导致新的生产以及资源的浪费．结合选项，故选C．（3）D．细节理解题．根据文章最后一段，Communication and data centres have to go under renewable energy now． The good news is Google and Facebook data centres are going to am on renewable energy．通讯和数据中心现在必须进入可再生能源领域，好消息是谷歌和Facebook的数据中心将进入可再生能源领域．可知，为了减少ICT的排放，Lotfi Belkhir 建议绿色能源用于运营通信和数据中心．结合选项，故选D．（4）A．主旨大意题．根据文章第一段，Data centres and smart﹣phones will be the most damaging information and communications technologies （ICT） to the environmentby 2040 到2040年，数据中心和智能手机将成为对环境危害最大的信息和通信技术．由此本文就其带来的环境危害和影响进行了阐述，结合选项，故选A．Section CDirections： Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that thereare two more sentences than you need.Growing Food from Air in NigeriaA group of farmers in Nigeria is using a technology﹣based method to grow crops from mist （水汽） in the air． The method， known as aeroponics， does not involve soil． Instead，plant roots hang in the air． The roots take in nutrients from a watery mist．Aeroponics is not well﹣known in Nigeria， but farmers there are working to make the technique more popular．（1）________Biochemist Samson O gbole is popularly known as Nigeria’s smart farmer． He and his team are growing crops without soil at the technology﹣based farm they started three years ago ill Abeokuta． Ogbole says they are on a campaign to end seasonal food scarcity in Nigeria．“Because we are the ones controlling everything that the plant requires， we are not depending on seasons．So it’s no longer seasonal farming． It is just farming anytimeof the year，meaning we can plant anytime of the year， and we can harvest anytime ofthe year．”（2）________ It required financing of more than ＄180，000． And some people in Abeokuta were very much against this non﹣traditional method of farming． It took a lot of effort to change peopled minds about aeroponics．In Nigeria， about 30 million hectares of farmland is being used， instead of the 78.5million hectares required for food security． In the north， only 49 percent of the land is fertile， a situation that worries traditional farmers．（3）________ Nutrients for the plants are controlled by a recycling system， greatly increasing productivity．Philippines is director general of Nigeria’s National Agricultural Seeds Council． He says the government welcomes new farming methods． Ojo noted that with aeroponics， farmers can quickly increase planting materials． So， his group strongly supports the technology．The agricultural industry represents about 40 percent of Nigeria’s economy．（4）________ For now， most farmers lack the technical knowledge to increase productivity． They also need access to high﹣quality seeds to guarantee better harvests． Technologically skilled farmers like Samson Ogbole are offering a new way forward．【答案】F,A,D,B【考点】说明文七选五【解析】本文主要讲述了尼日利亚用空气种植食物．【解答】1． F 细节理解题．根据前句Aeroponics is not well﹣known in Nigeria， but farmers there are working to make the technique more popular．航空疗法在尼日利亚并不出名，但那里的农民正在努力使这项技术更受欢迎．可知后面应该是在大量土地无法修复的地方，这可能会有很大的不同．故选F．2． A 归纳总结题．根据后面It required financing of more than ＄180，000． And some people in Abeokuta were very much against this non﹣traditional method of farming． It took a lot of effort to change peopled minds about aeroponics．它需要超过18万美元的资金，而阿贝奥库塔的一些人非常反对这种非传统的耕作方法，要改变人们对航空疗法的看法需要付出很大的努力．可知此处是本段归纳总结句，但是建立航空农场并不容易．故选A．3． D 承上启下题．根据前后句In the north， only 49 percent of the land is fertile， a situation that worries traditional farmers．（3）…Nutrients for the plants are controlled by a recycling system，greatly increasing productivity．在北方，只有49%的土地是肥沃的，这种情况令传统农民担忧．植物的养分由循环系统控制，大大提高了生产力．可知然而，航空航天并不需要传统的农业劳动或大量的土地．故选D．4． B 归纳总结题．根据后句For now， most farmers lack the technical knowledge to increase productivity．目前，大多数农民缺乏提高生产力的技术知识．可知前句政府希望大幅提高这一比例．故选B．IV.Summary WritingDirections： Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point （s） of the passage in no more than 60 words． Use your own words as far as possible．Giving ThanksThis is the season for taking the time to reflect on what we’re thankful for in life． Spendingthat time with friends and family to give thanks is what makes the holidays so special． But why should we limit it to just a few weeks in the years？ Gratitude is a muscle we should strengthen year﹣round to make us healthier， happier humans and leaders．Emmons， through his research， found that grateful people reported feeling healthier，both mentally and physically． Specifically， those who were grateful were 25 percent happier than those who weren’t． In the workplace， well﹣being is a crucial topic when it comes to preventing employee burn﹣out and promoting engagement． Beyond the research that shows that employees who are shown that they are appreciated arc more productive by 50 percent，caring for your employees’ well﹣being is simply the right thing to do．Providing programs that support managing life’s eve ryday challenges， offering fitness classes orimplementing flexible work schedules are just a few things that， when paired with gratitude， can lead to more productive， engaged and happier working professionals．Working in an ever﹣evolving， fast﹣paced industry， I am surrounded by ambitious people who are always striving for more and better． Gratitude challenges yon to reflect in the moment instead of always thinking about the future． It starts by paying attention to what’s going on in your life， and that true self﹣awareness is a key ingredient to being successful in your career．Gratitude is a powerful tool for strengthening relationships， both at work and in your personal life． People who express their gratitude tend to be more willing to forgive others and therefore able to create long﹣lasting connections．The old saying goes “It’s never too late to say you’re sorry，” but the same is true of gratitude．That’s a gift worth celebrating 365 days a year．【答案】We should show gratitude year﹣round as it is beneficial to both our personal and professional life．（我们应该全年都感激生活，因为它有益于我们的个人生活和职业生涯） First， it helps our physical and mental health and makes us happier， thus promoting production at work．（高分句型一）（它有助于我们身心健康，进而提升我们的工作效率） Second， it makes us more self﹣aware， which can contribute to career success．（高分句型二）（它能增强我们的自我意识，促使事业的成功） Lastly，it makes us more likely to forgive others and helps build strong relationships．（更能易于宽恕别人，培养牢固的人际关系）【考点】概要写作【解析】高分句型：1．First， it helps our physical and mental health and makes us happier， thus promoting production at work．第一，它有助于我们身心健康，进而提升我们的工作效率．本句中promoting production at work为现在分词短语作结果状语．2．Second， it makes us more self﹣aware， which can contribute to career success．第二，它能增强我们的自我意识，促使事业的成功．本句中which引导一个非限制性定语从句．【解答】We should show gratitude year﹣round as it is beneficial to both our personal and professional life．（我们应该全年都感激生活，因为它有益于我们的个人生活和职业生涯） First， it helps our physical and mental health and makes us happier， thus promoting。
2020年上海中学高三英语一模试卷及参考答案
2020年上海中学高三英语一模试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AWashingtonDCBusToursDC Highlights TourThis is their base tour. It begins at 10 am daily and lasts for 5 hours. This part-bus, part-walking tour includes guided stops in theUS. All of their tours include a driver as well as a tour guide, and yourtour guide will get off the bus and give you walking tours of each stop, while your bus and driver wait for you. Capitol Building, the White House, Washington Monument as well as the Lincoln and MLK Memorials and the Vietnam War and Korean War Veterans Memorials.$54—Adult I $44—Child (3—12)Discover DC TourIf you want pretty much to explore every famous monument and landmark in DC and take a 1 -hour cruise on thePotomac River, then consider the Discover DC Tour. This 6-hour tour will take you to all locations (景点) listed on their DC Highlights Tour as well as the World WarⅡMemorial, the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial, and the Thomas Jefferson Memorial.TIP: If you are planning on visiting NYC, you will get 30% off the Discover NYC Tour (normally $100) if you buy it at the same time as your Discover DC Tour.$74—Adult I $54—Child (3—12)VIP ExclusiveWashingtonDCCity TourThis 8-hour tour is actually the Discover DC Tour above with a VIP add-on at the beginning and the end. You * 11 meet your guide early for reserved (预留)tickets to tour inside the US Capitol Building. The 45 -minute tour and film have reserved tickets so you don't have to worry about it being sold out. After your day of sightseeing, you 'll be dropped off at the National Archives, again with reserved time tickets so you don't have to worry about waiting in line.$125 for Adults and ChildrenSkyview Changeable Bus TourOn this changeable mini bus, you get to experience a guided tour with panoramic views (全景)without theglare of a window in the photos! A guided bus tour takes you not only through all locations listed on the DC Highlights Tour, but also Old Town Alexandria andNationalHarbor.$69—Adult I $59—Child (3—12)Time: 9 am—4 pm1. What's special about the DC Highlights Tour?A. It uses mini buses.B. It has the fewest locations.C. It has the most tour guides.D. It provides reserved tickets.2. How much should a man pay if he buys the Discover DC Tour and the Discover NYC Tour at the same time?A. $128.B. $174.C. $104.D. $144.3. Which tour lasts the longest?A. DC Highlights Tour.B. Discover DC Tour.C. VIP ExclusiveWashingtonDCCity Tour.D. Skyview Changeable Bus Tour.BTen years ago, I set out to examine luck. I wanted to know why some people were always in the right place at the right time, while others consistently experienced ill fortune. I placed advertisements in national newspapers asking for people who felt consistently lucky or unlucky. Hundreds of extraordinary men and women volunteered for my research. Over the years I have interviewed them, monitored their lives and had them take part in various experiments.In one of the experiments, I gave both lucky and unlucky people a newspaper, asking them to look through it and tell me how many photographs were inside. I had secretly placed a large message halfway through the newspaper, saying, “Tell the experimenter you have seen this and you will win $50.” This message took up half of the page and was written in type that was more than two inches high. It was staring everyone in the face, but the unlucky people tended to miss it and the lucky people tended to spot it.Unlucky people are generally more nervous than lucky people, and this anxiety affects their ability to notice the unexpected. As a result, they miss opportunities because they are too focused on looking for something else. They go to gatherings concentrating on finding their perfect partners and miss opportunities to make good friends. They look through newspapers determined to find certain types of job advertisements and miss other types of jobs.Lucky people are more relaxed and open, and therefore see what is there rather than just what they are looking for. My research eventually showed that lucky people are skilled at noticing opportunities, make luckydecisions by listening to their intuition (直觉), are open to new experiences, and adopt a never-say-die attitude that transforms bad luck into good luck.4. What’s the purpose of the author’s research?A. To discover what luck means to people.B. To find lucky people and unlucky people.C. To distinguish between good luck and bad luck.D. To figure out why people are always lucky or unlucky.5. Why did the unlucky people miss the message in the experiment?A. There was too much information to be read in detail.B. They were too focused on looking for photographs.C. It took too much time to go through newspapers.D. The words were too small to be noticed.6. What leads to lucky people’s good fortune?A. Their ability to spot opportunities.B. Their ability to become relaxed.C. Their ability to communicate.D. Their ability to make friends.7. What’s the key message of the last paragraph?A. What lucky people are looking for.B. How lucky people generate good luck.C. What lucky people can do with opportunities.D How lucky people transform bad luck into good luck.CIf you ever find yourself trapped in the wilderness without food, you'llhave to figure out how to feed yourself. Many plants in the wild areedible, but many are also poisonous. So it is necessary to learn how to determine whether the plants you find can be eaten safely.Avoid using this method without careful planning. Some plants can be deadly, and even if you follow these guidelines perfectly, there is always a chance that a plant will make you seriously ill. Prepare yourself for wilderness outings by learning about the local plants, and carry a guidebook to help you identify plants. Even if you are unprepared and cannot find food you know to be safe, remember that, depending on your activity level, the human body can go for days without food, and you’re better off being hungry than being poisoned.Testing the plant in your mouth is dangerous, so go forward very slowly and carefully. First, hold a smallportion of the prepared plant part against your lip for 3 minutes. Do not put the plant in your mouth. If you notice any burning, tingling (刺痛), or other reactions, discontinue testing. Second, place another small portion of the plant part on your tongue. Hold the plant on your tongue without chewing for 15 minutes. Discontinue testing if you notice any reaction. Third, chew the plant and holdit in your mouth for 15 minutes. Chew the plant well, and do not swallow. Discontinue testing if you notice any reaction. Fourth, swallow the small portion of the plant. Wait 8 hours. Do not eat or drink anything during this period except purified water. If you feel sick, immediately throw up what you eat and drink plenty of water. If activated charcoal (活性炭) is available, take that with the water.8. What’s the meaning of the underlined world “edible” in paragraph 1?A. Suitable for using as food.B. Widely spread.C. Existing in large quantities.D. Not widely known.9. What can we know from paragraph 2?A. Planning is unnecessary when using the method.B. Not all plants in the wild can serve as food generally.C. Suffering hunger can be more dangerous than testing plants.D. Following the method perfectly can ensure safety.10. Which is the correct order of testing plants in the mouth?① wait and see ② chew it in the mouth③ put it on the tongue④ put it against lips ⑤ swallow itA. ③④②①⑤B. ④③②①⑤C. ③④②⑤①D.④③②⑤①11. Where might the passage come from?A. A student’s diary.B. A science report.C. A guide book for camping.D. A doctor’ s notebook.DI was at the hardware store the other day and overheard a woman tell Ed., the manager, that fall was her favorite time of year. Ed., because he liked to keep his customers happy, agreed that fall was a wonderful season, but I could tell he was lying.I was going through my mind recently, trying to find sweet memories of fall. I failed. I met my wife in the summer and married her two summers later. My sons were born in the winter and summer, my granddaughter inthe winter. I’ve been fried twice in my life, both in fall. One October, a truck carrying tofu ran a red light and hit me, destroying my favorite car, combining the three things I most hate - trucks, tofu and October.I'm not saying fall is without its attractions. The leavesare beautiful. But fall's vacillation (立场摇摆)is troubling, its effort (努力)to please everyone, its continuous search for the middle ground to be all things to all people. Say what you will about summer and winter, at least they have the courage to keep their opinions strong, even if they kill us with extreme heat or cold.I recently read a story of a man coming out of a three-month coma (昏迷). It started in early fall and ended just as winter came. I hope if I were ever in a coma I would be just as lucky as the man.Upon my awakening, one of my families who stood around my bed would ask. "Don't you remember anything from the past three months?""Not the first thing," I would happily report.If I ever have enough money. I'm going to buy a second home inAustralia, so that when fall starts here, I can move there for three months, just when spring is starting.12. What did Ed think of the customers words according to the author?A. Ed understood them and supported the customer completely.B. Ed might hold a different opinion on the topic.C. Ed believed the customer wasn't telling the truth.D. Ed thought they stood for most peoples' opinion.13. What can we infer from Paragraph 2?A.The author has a big and loving family.B. The author is having a hard time at work.C. It is important to follow the rules of the road.D. Nothing good has happened to the author in fall.14. Why does the author say the man in Paragraph 4 was lucky?A. Because he slept fall away.B. Because he ho sweet memories of fall.C. Because hedreamed of fill many times.D. Because he was met by his family when waking up.15. Which of the following does the author most want to do?A. Drivetracks.B. Eat tofu dishes.C. Watch leaves falling in fall.D. Move toAustraliain October.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
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第一学期高三年级期终调研测试英语试卷（完卷时间： 120分钟满分： 140分）第I卷（共100分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a cosmetics shop. B. In a hospital. C. In a nutrition department. D. In a supermarket.2. A. Boss and secretary. B. Editor and publisher.C. Student and professor.D. Writer and reader.3. A. Open a wedding company. B. Try a new restaurant.C. Run his own bakery.D. Buy some insurance.4. A. The package is too big to deliver. B. The delivery can be made automatically.C. The woman will have lunch with the man.D. The man can make the delivery tomorrow morning.5. A. He was most difficult to satisfy. B. He set many special requirements.C. He inspected the project regularly.D. He was as common as other customers.6. A. An amazing book. B. A great woman. C. A scientific field. D. A strong voice.7. A. He himself is a big fan of Hepburn. B. He does not think the girl is like Hepburn.C. H e felt puzzled by girls’ love for Hepburn.D. He does not know anything about Hepburn.8. A. When to do mind-wandering. B. Where to have physical activities.C. How to keep attentive in a lecture.D. How to take notes in a lecture.9. A. Ordinary. B. Practical. C. Disturbing. D. Unrealistic.10. A. Decorating the company. B. Finishing a painting.C. Preparing a presentation.D. Restructuring the budget.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. 2. B. 11. C. 21. D. 30.12. A. A horse. B. A dog. C. A pig. D. A cat.13. A. More annoyed. B. Less anxious. C. More frightened. D. Less shocked. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Its clear aim. B. Its evaluation process.C. Its numerous applications.D. Its solid foundation.15. A. In 1954. B. In 2013. C. In 2018. D. In 2000.16. A. Its location and area. B. The categories of its collections.C. Its official WeChat account.D. The visiting experience it offers.Questions 17through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Consumer and gender. B. Age groups and activities.C. Sports and facilities.D. Training time and trend.18. A. Cycling. B. Jogging. C. Skiing. D. Swimming.19. A. 18-26. B. 27-35. C. 36-45. D. 46-55.20. A. To determine which item deserves priority.B. To get ideas for a more appealing slogan design.C. To know about teenagers’ leisure sporting activities.D. To see which age group is at the top of consumption capability.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Asleep on a plane: a case for window seatsI love to sleep on planes, and I have an unusual ability to sleep well on them. There have even been one or two occasions (21) __________ I have fallen asleep before takeoff and awakened upon the impact of landing, not having realized we had even left the ground. So when (22) __________ (book) my flights, I always choose the window seat whenever possible. This allows me to lean my sleepy head against the wall of the plane for a bit (23) __________ (much) comfort.Some (24) __________ argue that the aisle(走廊)seat is superior for the leg space and the ability to get off swiftly and eye the snack cart. But in reality, we’re all getting our drinks and snacks (25) __________ seconds. Also, I find that if a person knows he’s in a window seat, he’ll choose to u se the bathroom before boarding so that he (26) __________ (not need) to disturb his neighbor, which is just considerate. And he’ll seize the opportunity to get up when another seatmate gets up so that the seatmate needn’t (27) __________ (bother) more than once.As a photographer and visually oriented person, the window seat gives me the best views of cottony clouds, or a great sunset, or golden sunrise, etc. Most of all, (28) __________ __________ I’ve been flying for years, I still get pleasure of seeing my departing city or country (29) __________ (shrink) into the distance, and the butterflies in my stomach when I see the horizon of my destination come into view. And those feelings of adventure and excitement are (30) __________ keep me coming back, flight after flight, to my window seat.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passag, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Endangered languages can be found throughout the world. Many languages now have fewer than 100 or even fewer than 10 speakers. The crisis is not limited to remote regions of the world. When Europeans first arrived in North America, 312 different languages were ___41___, of which 123 are now known to be extinct. Of the ___42___ languages, most speakers are grandparents and great-grandparents.Different researchers offer different definitions of “endangered”. The system of ___43___ used by the Catalogue of Endangered Languages evaluates languages in four areas: the ___44___ of all the speakers, how often the language is conveyed to the next ___45___, the rate at which it is losing speakers and the ___46___ in which it is used. Based on this data, languages are ranked on a six-point scale from “safe” to “severely endangered.” The midpoint, “endangered” refers to a language with betwe en 100 and 1,000 speakers who represent about half of the language’s community or ethnic group. The language is spoken only by some parents, of whom very few teach it to their children. It is ___47___ used at home and is not taught in schools or used for government business.Languages become endangered due to a number of ___48___ factors including globalization, economics, technology, education policy, and changes in ___49___ attitudes. As the forces of globalization make the world more interconnected, previously ___50___ language communities come under pressure to participate in a larger economy, which means learning the area’s majority language. ___51___, local schools often begin to teach the majority language instead of the local tongue. Local languages also ___52___ as communities adopt mobile phones and computers, most of which run on software that has been translated into only a handful of languages. This trend ___53___ as these devices connect users to the Internet. At this point, many communities undergo a cultural ___54___ in which parents no longer value the language enough to teach it to their children.Initiatives to ___55___ endangered languages have become more numerous in recent years. These efforts tend to focus on two main areas: the documentation of endangered languages, and efforts to increase the use of endangered languages among younger speakers and in the community at large.41. A. at hand B. at risk C. in use D. in view42. A. ancient B. evolving C. local D. surviving43. A. assessment B. classification C. description D. research44. A. age B. background C. number D. religion45. A. committee B. century C. generation D. government46. A. content B. occupations C. situations D. themes47. A. advisedly B. efficiently C. primarily D. rarely48. A. balancing B. complicating C. historical D. interrelated49. A. cultural B. mental C. moral D. religious50. A. foreign B. informal C. isolated D. national51. A. For example B. In contrast C. In response D. Vice versa52. A. boom B. develop C. disappear D. suffer53. A. ceases B. changes C. increases D. starts54. A. difference B. influence C. shift D. variety55. A. enrich B. purify C. refresh D. standardizeSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( A )Many of China’s ancient architectural treasures smashed to dust before Lin Huiyin and Liang Sicheng began documenting them in the 1930s. The husband and wife team were among the first preservationists to operate in China, and by far the best known. Their efforts have since inspired generations of people to speak out for architecture threatened by the rush toward development.Becoming China’s best architectur al historians was no easy accomplishment. The buildings they wanted to save were centuries old, located in distant parts of the country. In many cases, they had to journey through dangerous conditions in the Chinese countryside to reach them. Exploring Chi na’s remote areas during the 1930s meant traveling muddy, poorly maintained roads by mule(骡子)or on foot. Inns were often dirty, food could be polluted, and there was always risk of violence from rebels, soldiers and robbers.Their greatest discovery was t he Temple of Buddha’s Light, in Wutai County, Shanxi Province. The breathtaking wooden temple was built in 857 A.D., making it the oldest building known in China at the time.Liang and Lin crawled into the temple’s most forbidding, forgotten areas to dete rmine its age, including one hideaway inhabited by thousands of bats and millions of bedbugs, covered in dust and littered with dead bats. “In complete darkness and among the awful smell, hardly breathing, with thick masks covering our noses and mouths, we measured, drew, and photographed with flashlights for several hours. When at last we came out to take a breath of fresh air, we found hundreds of bedbugs in our bag. We ourselves had been badly bitten. Yet the importance and unexpectedness of our find made those the happiest hours of my years hunting for ancient architecture.”Liang wrote of the experience in an account included in “Liang and Lin: Partners in Exploring China’s Architectural Past.”56. On their way to the ancient buildings in 1930s, Liang and Lin faced following risks EXCEPT ________.A. accommodationsB. personal securityC. road conditionsD. vehicles57. Liang and Lin raised public awareness of _____.A. documenting smashed historical buildingsB. rebuilding historically valuable buildingsC. saving the oldest temples in ChinaD. protecting historical buildings58. While exploring the Temple of Buddha’s Light, __________.A. Liang and Lin caught insects with awful smellB. Liang and Lin were forbidden to breathe insideC. Liang and Lin were pleased at something unhoped forD. Liang and Lin determined its age by studying bedbugs’ hideaway59. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Creativeness results in discoveryB. Difficulty produces achievementC. Efforts contribute to happinessD. 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The power of your printer in your handPrinting photos just got easier – from social media, the cloud, and your camera-roll gallery.Amazing scanning, now on your smartphone. Scan and share to email or the cloud –from virtually anywhere. Ordering ink has never been easier – directly through the app. Easily print photos and everyday documents directly from your smartphone or tablet.A new level of wireless connectivity you can count onGet simple Wi-Fi® setup in minutes, and start printing fast.Return & exchange informationHP. com will accept returns or exchanges for this product up to 30 days after delivery. A restocking fee may apply.60. Which statement is true of this type of printer?A. It is a portable printer designed for home and office use.B. It is a multi-function printer producing high-quality photos.C. It is an easy-operation printer with a two-year free care pack.D. It is a wireless-connected printer protected by modified containers.61. Which of the following words best describe its “ink container”?A. Adaptable.B. Automatic.C. Cost-effective.D. Eco-friendly.62. If you order this type of printer online today, ___________.A. you will receive it tomorrowB. you can return it without being chargedC. you can get a care pack on discountD. you can save﹩80( C )①Risk is something we face daily. However, some people are obviously more willing to take risks than others.②Biologists appear to have discovered a physical reason that explains why some people are risk-takers. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter, a chemical that spreads signals between nerve cells. It is linked to the brains reward system and is the chemical that makes us feel good, and scientists believe it to be linked to risk-taking. Our nerve cells have dopamine receptors(接收器)which control the amount of dopamine that each cell receives. But not all receptors may be active. When a person has few active receptors to control the amount of dopamine that is received, a cell can become flooded resulting in an extreme feeling of happiness.③Researchers at Vanderbilt University and Albert Einstein College of Medicine asked 34 men and women to complete a questionnaire about their risk taking to assess whether they seek new opportunities or are cautious in life. The results of the research were consistent with similar studies carried out with rats, and had the same outcome. It concluded that people who are risk-takers have fewer dopamine receptors than people who are not. This suggests that the rush of pleasure a risk taker receives when a cell becomes flooded with dopamine can become addictive for some people. They therefore pursue new and exciting activities in order to try to repeat this feeling, and as a result their concern for risk becomes considerably reduced.④Dopamine gives us a biological reason for risk-taking, but scientists believe there may be psychological reasons too. Sensation-seeking is a personality characteristic that describes the desire to find activities that bring us pleasure. In 1964, psychologist Marvin Zuckerman created the sensation-seeking scale. His 40-item questionnaire, still used today, was given to people who were active in seeking new activities, and to people who were more satisfied with a quiet life. While risk-taking is not a characteristic in itself, it is very much associated with sensation-seeking, as a high sensation-seeker does not evaluate risk in the same way that a low sensation-seeker does. A desire to achieve pleasure means that there is a greater willingness to take more risks.⑤There are both biological and psychological explanations as to why some people may choose to take more risks than others. However, none of these explanations are definitive.63. If a person has fewer active dopamine receptors, __________.A. he is less likely to feel happyB. he is more willing to take risksC. he will eventually become dopamine-addictiveD. he is poorer at controlling the amount of dopamine64. The underlined phrase “consistent with” is closest to “__________” in meaning.A. contrary toB. in agreement withC. at the cost ofD. persistent in65. What can be concluded from paragraph 4?A. The longing for pleasure may lead to risk taking.B. A willingness to take more risks can be cultivated.C. The sensation-seeking scale can help to evaluate risk.D. High sensation-seekers are more common than low ones.66. This passage mainly talks about __________.A. when we learn to take risksB. how risk-taking benefits usC. what makes risk-takersD. why we should take risksSection CDirections:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Many options require city-level investment in new facilities.B.However, it is not yet clear which technologies and fuels cities will back.C.Through their actions, city governments today are helping to shape the cities of the future.D.For example, London is requiring all newly licensed taxis to be zero-emission capable from 2018.E.City planners are using transport-oriented development to increase density while maintaining quality oflife and property value.F.Some cities, such as Delhi, are investing heavily in creating the mass transport systems needed tochange how citizens travel.Sustainable Transport in CitiesTransport has always shaped cities. In Medieval times crossroads gave birth to blooming market towns. Many North American cities were created for the car. But how are the cities of today being shaped by a need for more sustainable transport?Many local governments are speeding up change through policy initiatives such as joined transport, congestion charges and low emission zones, sustainable gaining and lifecycle costing, and opening data up to companies and academics. And these city level policies can move markets in more sustainable directions. ___67___ This has resulted in five vehicle manufacturers committing to meeting that deadline, which is both in their own commercial interests and good for the environment.The least dense cities, for example, Houston, have per capita(人均的) carbon emissions nearly ten times higher than the densest, such as Singapore. ___68___ This involves gathering mixed use developments around a key transport center, as with the KL Central area in Kuala Lumpur, built around the largest railway station in Southeast Asia.___69___ Others are using motivations and behavioural change to encourage people to choose more efficient―and often healthier―forms of transport. Copenhagen has a number of progressive cycl ing policies including the Green Wave, which allows people cycling at 20km/h to hit all green lights during rush hour.Light weighting and new engine and fuel technologies are helping to make existing road and rail vehicles more efficient. ___70___ The main options are hydrogen fuel cells, fossil fuel hybrids, and electric vehicles, and the best solution may well vary from city to city.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Online “friends”―a threat to developmentThe impact of technology on the nature of our friendships has been a much-debated topic since the dramatic rise of social networks. Advances in mobile technology and social networking websites mean we spend more time online than ever before. It is therefore not surprising that so many psychologists, sociologists, and others are eager to give their thoughts on how this is impacting negatively on our society.There is one element of social networking that is deeply worrying. We find ourselves in a hyper-connected world where people access social media day and night, excited to make announcements about the tiniest details of their lives. Research is starting to show that this culture is negatively affecting not our friendships but our character. Professor Larry D. Rosen says that young people who overuse social networkingsites can become ineffective, aggressive, and display anti-social behavior in their offline lives. But perhaps an even more disturbing effect is that one of our most basic emotions seems to be disappearing—empathy. This is the emotion that allows us to see the world from our friends’ points of view. Without it, we are far less able to connect and form meaningful adult relationships.Professor Sherry Turkle suggests that people are no longer comfortable being alone. This is something confirmed by a study where 200 university students were asked to go without social media for 24 hours. Many admitted an addiction to their online social network; most complained that they felt cut off from family and friends. And yet being alone is a time when we self-reflect and get in touch with who we really are. It is only when we do this that we can make meaningful friendships with others.These potential changes in our characters are rather alarming, so it is clear that we can’t neglect those negative impacts of social networks.第II卷（共40分）V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 这些安全措施仍将继续实施至下月初。