国际金融(第二版)参考答案
奚君羊《国际金融学》(第2版)笔记和课后习题详解
第一章国际收支1.1 复习笔记一、国际收支的基本含义1．国际借贷和国际收支（1）国际借贷和国际收支的含义①国际借贷是指一国在一定时期对外债权债务的综合情况。
②国际收支是指国际间的债权债务关系在一定时期内清算、结算或支付的情况。
（2）国际借贷和国际收支的差异①国际收支在某种程度上反映了一国在一定时期内的对外收入和支付的情况；国际借贷是产生国际收支的原因。
②国际收支表示的是一定时段；国际借贷表示的是某个时点。
③国际借贷表示一国对外债权债务的余额，是一种存量；国际收支是指一国对外收付的累计结果，是一种流量。
④国际收支的范围要比国际借贷的范围更加宽泛。
2．国际收支的重要性由于国际经济的一体化趋势日趋增强，国际收支状况对国内经济的影响愈益显现。
同时，随着凯恩斯主义的流行，西方国家加强了政府对宏观经济的管理，国际收支成为宏观经济管理的主要目标之一。
二、国际收支平衡表及其主要内容1．国际收支平衡表（1）国际收支平衡表的含义国际收支平衡表是反映一个经济实体在一定时期内（年度、半年度或季度）以货币单位表示的全部对外经济往来的一种统计表。
它是国际收支的外在表现形式。
（2）国际收支平衡表的编制原理国际收支平衡表是按照复式记账的原理编制的。
一切收入项目或负债增加、资产减少的项目都列为贷方，以“+”号表示；一切支出项目或资产增加、负债减少的项目都列为借方，以“-”号表示。
当收入大于支出时差额为正，称之为顺差；当支出大于收入时，差额为负，称之为逆差。
2．国际收支平衡表的主要内容（1）经常项目经常项目是主要记载表现为货物和服务的国际交易。
该项目又可细分为贸易收支、服务收支、收益和转移收支四个项目。
①贸易收支。
贸易收支（或称有形贸易收支）指货物的进出口。
按国际收支的记账原理，出口记入贷方，进口记入借方。
②服务收支。
服务收支（或称无形贸易收支）主要包括：a．运输；b．旅游；c．银行和保险业务收支；d．军事支出；e．政府往来；f．其他服务收支。
金融学第二版课后复习思考题参考答案
⾦融学第⼆版课后复习思考题参考答案⾦融学第⼆版课后复习思考题参考答案Document serial number【KKGB-LBS98YT-BS8CB-BSUT-BST108】第⼀章货币与货币制度⼀、单项选择题⼆、多项选择题三、简答题1. 货币的职能有哪些价值尺度；流通⼿段；⽀付⼿段；贮藏⼿段；世界货币2. ⼈民币制度包括哪些内容（1）⼈民币是我国的法定货币；（2）⼈民币是我国唯⼀的合法通货；（3）⼈民币的发⾏权集中于中央银⾏；（4）⼈民币以商品物资作为发⾏的⾸要保证，也以⼤量的政府政府债券、商业票据、商业银⾏票据等为发⾏的信⽤保证，还有黄⾦、外汇储备等也是⼈民币发⾏的现⾦保证；（5）⼈民币实⾏有管理的货币制度；（6）⼈民币称为可兑换货币。
3. 货币制度的构成要素是什么货币材料；货币单位；各种通货的铸造、发⾏和流通程序；准备制度4. 不兑现的信⽤货币制度有哪些特点（1）不兑现信⽤货币⼀般由中央银⾏发⾏，并由国家赋予其⽆限法偿能⼒，这是不兑现信⽤货币制度最基本的特点；（2）信⽤货币不与任何⾦属保持等价关系，也不能兑换黄⾦；（3）货币通过信⽤程序投⼊流通领域；（4）信⽤货币制度是⼀种管理货币制度；5. 钱、货币、通货、现⾦是⼀回事吗银⾏卡是货币吗不⼀样。
（1）钱的概念在不同场景下有很多不同的意思。
可以是个收⼊的概念、也可以是个财富的概念，也可以特指现⾦货币；（2）货币是在商品劳务交换与债券债务清偿时，被社会公众所普遍接受的东西。
（3）通货是流通中的货币，指流通与银⾏体系之外的货币。
范围⼩于货币。
（4）现⾦就是现钞，包括纸币、硬币。
现⾦是货币的⼀部分，流动性很强，对⼈们的⽇常消费影响很⼤。
（5）银⾏卡本⾝也称为“塑料货币”，包括信⽤卡、⽀票卡，记账卡、⾃动出纳机卡等。
银⾏卡可以⽤于存取款和转账⽀付。
在发达西⽅国家，各种银⾏卡正在取代现钞和⽀票，称为经济⽣活中⼴泛的⽀付⼯具，因此现代社会银⾏卡也是货币6.社会经济⽣活中为什么离不开货币为什么⾃古⾄今，⼈们⼜往往把⾦钱看做说万恶之源（1）社会经济⽣活离不开货币，货币的产⽣和发展都有其客观必然性。
国际金融第二版习题答案
国际金融第二版习题答案国际金融第二版习题答案国际金融是一个重要的经济领域，涉及到国际货币体系、国际投资、外汇市场等多个方面。
对于学习者来说，习题是巩固知识、提高理解能力的重要方式。
本文将为读者提供《国际金融第二版》的习题答案。
第一章：国际金融概述1. 国际金融的定义是什么？国际金融是指跨越国家边界的金融活动，包括国际货币体系、国际投资、外汇市场等。
2. 为什么国际金融重要？国际金融对于国家经济发展和全球经济稳定至关重要。
它促进了跨国贸易和投资，促进了资源的有效配置和经济增长。
3. 国际金融市场的分类有哪些？国际金融市场可以分为外汇市场、国际资本市场和国际货币市场。
第二章：国际金融体系1. 什么是国际货币体系？国际货币体系是指一系列国际货币安排和机构，用于处理国际支付和调整国际收支。
2. 国际货币体系的发展历程有哪些？国际货币体系经历了金本位制、布雷顿森林体系和现代浮动汇率制等阶段。
3. 什么是国际清算？国际清算是指国际支付的结算过程，包括国际收支的核算和调整。
第三章：国际金融市场1. 外汇市场的功能是什么？外汇市场提供货币兑换、风险管理和国际支付等功能。
2. 什么是外汇市场的汇率？外汇市场的汇率是一种货币兑换另一种货币的比率。
3. 国际资本市场的分类有哪些？国际资本市场可以分为股票市场、债券市场和衍生品市场。
第四章：国际金融风险管理1. 什么是汇率风险？汇率风险是指由于汇率波动而导致的资产和负债的价值变动。
2. 如何管理汇率风险？汇率风险可以通过使用外汇期权、外汇远期合约和货币互换等工具进行管理。
3. 什么是信用风险？信用风险是指债务人无法按时偿还债务的风险。
第五章：国际金融机构1. 世界银行的主要任务是什么？世界银行的主要任务是为发展中国家提供贷款和技术援助，促进经济发展和减少贫困。
2. 国际货币基金组织的主要职责是什么？国际货币基金组织的主要职责是促进全球经济稳定，提供贷款和政策建议。
3. 什么是国际清算银行？国际清算银行是一个国际金融机构，负责处理国际支付和促进国际金融合作。
金融学第二版课后答案英文版中国人民大学Bodie2-IM-Ch01
金融学第二版课后答案英文版中国人民大学Bodie2_IM_Ch01CHAPTER 1 – Financial EconomicsEnd-of-Chapter ProblemsDefining Finance1. What are your main goals in life? How does finance play a part in achieving those goals? What are the major tradeoffs you face?SAMPLE ANSWER:Finish schoolGet good paying job which I likeGet married and have childrenOwn my own homeProvide for familyPay for children’s educationRetireHow Finance Plays a Role:SAMPLE ANSWER:Finance helps me pay for undergraduate and graduate education and helps me decide whether spending the money on graduate education will be a good investment decision or not.Higher education should enhance my earning power and ability to obtain a job I like.Once I am married and have children I will have additional financial responsibilities (dependents) and I will have to learn how to allocate resources among individuals in the household and learn how to set aside enough money to pay for emergencies, education, vacations etc. Finance also helps me understand how to manage risks such as for disability, life and health.Finance helps me determine whether the home I want to buyis a good value or not. The study of finance also helps me determine the cheapest source of financing for the purchase of that home.Finance helps me determine how much money I will have to save in order to pay for my children’s education as well as my own retirement.Major Tradeoffs:SAMPLE ANSWERSpend money now by going to college (and possibly graduate school) but presumably make more money once I graduate due to my higher education.Consume now and have less money saved for future expenditures such as for a house and/or car or save more money now but consume less than some of my friendsFinancial Decisions of Households2. What is your net worth? What have you included among your assets and your liabilities? Would you list the value of your potential lifetime earning power as an asset or liability? How does it compare in value to other assets you have listed?SAMPLE ANSWER:$ ____________ (very possibly negative at this point)Assets:Checking account balanceSavings account balanceFurniture/Jewelry (watch)Car (possibly)Liabilities:Student loansCredit card balanceIf renting, remainder of rental agreement (unless sublettingis a possibility)Car payments (possibly)Students typically don’t think about the high value of their potential lifetime earning power when calculating their net worth but for young people it is often their most valuable asset.3. How are the financial decisions faced by a single person living alone different from those faced by the head of a household with responsibility for several children of school age? Are the tradeoffs they have to make different, or will they evaluate the tradeoffs differently?A single person needs only to support himself and therefore can make every financial decision on his own. If he does not want health insurance (and is willing to bear the financial risks associated with that decision) then no one will be affected by that decision other than that single person. In addition, this person needs to make no decisions about allocating income among dependents. A single person is very mobile and can choose to live almost anywhere. The tradeoffs this individual makes generally concern issues of consuming (or spending) today versus saving for consumption tomorrow. Since this person is supporting only himself, the need to save now is less important than for the head of household discussed next.T he head of household with several children must share resources (income) among dependents. This individual must be prepared to deal with risk management issues such as how to be prepared for potential financial emergencies (such as a serious health problem experienced by a member of the family or home owners insurance in case of a fire or other mishap). Because there are more people in this household than with a single person, there are greater risks that someone will get sick or injured. Andbecause there are dependents, the wage earner(s) should think carefully about life and disability insurance. In addition, the family is not as mobile as the single individual. Because of the school age children, the family might want to live near “good schools” thinking that a stronger education will eventually help those children’s future well being and financial situation. Thus, the tradeoffs for the head of household are more complex: more money is needed to consume today (he or she needs to support more dependents), but a lot more money is also needed to save for future expenses such as education and housing and more money is needed for risk management such as life and disability insurance.4. Family A and family B both consist of a father, mother and two children of school age. In family A both spouses have jobs outside the home and earn a combined income of $100,000 per year. In family B, only one spouse works outside the home and earns $100,000 per year. How do the financial circumstances and decisions faced by the two families differ?With two wage earners, there is less risk of a total loss of family income due to unemployment or disability than there is in a single wage earning household. The single wage earning family will probably want more disability and life insurance than the two wage earning family. On the flip side, however, the two wage earning family may need to spend extra money on child care expenses if they need to pay someone to watch the children after school.5. Suppose we define financial independence as the ability to engage in the four basic household financial decisions without resort to the use of relative’s resources when making financing decisions. At what age should children be expected to becomefinancially independent?Students will have differing responses to this question depending upon their specific experiences and opinions. Most will probably say independence should come after finishing their education, and they have a significant flow of income.6. You are thinking of buying a car. Analyze the decision by addressing the following issues:a.Are there are other ways to satisfy your transportation requirements besides buying a car? Make a list ofall the alternatives and write down the pros and cons.Transportation Mode Pros ConsWalking ?Takes you directly where you wantto goNo out of pocket costsConvenient ?Takes a long time ?Destination may be too far Bicycle ?Takes you directly to where youwant to goNo out of pocket marginal costsConvenient ?Requires physical strength and endurance ?Destination may be too farBus ?InexpensiveReaches more distant destinations ?May not take you directly where you want to go ?Inconvenient schedules to go ?Many stops, not efficientSubway ?InexpensiveFast ?May not take you directly where you want to goLocal destinations only on limited networkTrain ?Reaches distant destinations ?Moderately expensiveMay not take you directly whereyou want to goAirplane ?Reaches distant destinationsFast ?Most expensiveWill not take you directly where you want to gob. What are the different ways you can finance the purchase of a car?F inance through a bank loan or lease, finance through a car dealer with a loan or a lease or finance the car out of your own savings.c. Obtain information from at least three different providers of automobile financing on the terms they offer.d. What criteria should you use in making your decision?Your decision will be to select the financing alternative that has the lowest cost to you.When analyzing the information, you should consider the following:Do you have the cash saved to make an outright purchase? What interest rate would you be giving up to make that purchase? Do you pay a different price for the car if you pay cash rather than finance?For differing loan plans, what is the down payment today? What are the monthly payments? For how long? What is the relevant interest rate you will be paying? Does the whole loan get paid through monthly payments or is there a balloon payment at the end? Are taxes and/or insurance payments included in the monthly payments? ?For differing lease plans, what is the down payment today? What are the monthly payments? For how long? Do you own the car at the end of the lease? If not, what does it cost to buy the car? Do you have to buy the car at the end of the lease or is it an option? Is there a charge if you decide not to buy the car? What relevant interest rate will you be paying? Are taxesand/or insurance payments included in the monthly payments? Are there mileage restrictions?7. Match each of the following examples with one of the four categories of basic types of household financial decisions.At the Safeway paying with your debit card rather than taking the time to write a checkDeciding to take the proceeds from your winning lottery ticket and use it to pay for an extended vacation on the Italian RivieraFollowing Hillary’s advice and selling your Microsoft shares to invest in pork belly futuresHelping your 15-year old son learn to drive by letting putting him behind the wheel on the back road into townTaking up the offer from the pool supply company to pay off your new hot tub with a 15-month loan with zero payments for the first three monthsThe first is the most difficult since in practice it is simply a cash transaction involving no financing. As such the purchase is a consumption decision only and the payment choice is not a financing decision. The second is also a consumption/saving decision. The third is an exchange of one financial asset for another and therefore an investment decision. The fourth is a risk-management decision since you have subjected yourself to increased risk that is not covered by insurance. The final example is a financing decision involving a loan to finance a purchase.Forms of Business Organization8. You are thinking of starting your own business, but have no money.a.Think of a business that you could start without having to borrow any money.A ny business that involves a student’s own personal service would be cheap to start up. For instance he or she could start a business running errands for others, walking their dogs, shopping etc. Along those same lines they could start some kind of consulting business. Both of these businesses could be run out of their dorm room or their own home and could be started with very little capital. If they wanted to hire additional workers, they would have to be paid on a commission basis to limit upfront expenses.b. Now think of a business that you would want to start if you could borrow any amount of money at the going market interest rate.Certainly there are many interesting businesses that could be started if one could finance 100% of the business with borrowed capital and no equity. Since you will be able to borrow 100% of the financing, you will be willing to take a lot greater risk than if you were investing your own money.c. What are the risks you would face in this business?[Answer is, of course, dependent on answer to question “b.”]d. Where can you get financing for your new business?Depending upon the size of the financing needed, students should be looking for both debt and equity financing. The sources of this financing ranges from individuals and credit cards (for very small sums) to banks, venture capitalists, public debt and equity markets, insurance companies and pension funds9. Choose an organization that is not a firm, such as a club or church group and list the most important financial decisions it has to make. What are the key tradeoffs the organization faces? What role do preferences play in choosing among alternatives?Interview the financial manager of the organization and check to see if he or she agrees with you.SAMPLE ANSWER:Local Church group. Most important financial decisions:Whether or not to repair damage done to church and grounds during last big hurricane (specifically repairing the leaking roof)What project to put off in order to pay for repair damageHow to pay for renovations to downstairs Sunday school roomsHow to increase member attendance and contributionsHow to organize and solicit volunteers for the annual Church Sale (largest fund raiser of the year)Key Tradeoffs and Preferences:C hurch group funds are severely limited, so the organization needs to prioritize expenses based upon cost and need. Not all projects that are needed will be undertaken due to the expense involved. An equally large amount of timewill be spent trying to raise financing since funds inflow is variable. Since not all projects can be financed, preferences of different important individuals (such as the pastor) take on great significance in the decision-making process.Market Discipline: Takeovers10. Challenge Question: While there are clear advantages to the separation of management from ownership of business enterprises, there is also a fundamental disadvantage in that it may be costly to align the goals of management with those of the owners. Suggest at least two methods, other than the takeover market, by which the conflict can be reduced, albeit at some cost.One way is to provide incentives for the managers so that they increase their pay when owners interests are improved. An example would be compensating managers with stock options, the value of which increase with the market value of shareholder’s int erests. A second method is to more closely monitor the behavior of the managers. Outside management consultants and auditors serve this role in part particularly to the extent that they report their findings to representatives from ownership groups. Both of these solutions assume the management cannot effectively deceive markets or consultant/auditors through misleading information or actions to inflate the market value of the ownership shares or there performance records.11. Challenge Question:Consider a poorly run local coffee shop with its prime location featuring a steady stream of potential clients passing by on their way to and from campus. How does the longtime disgruntled, sloppy and inefficient owner-manager of Cup-a-Joe survive and avoid disciplining from the takeover market? This is not a question about a misalignment of the goals of the owner(s) and manager(s) of a firm since we have explicitly said the firm is owner-managed. If in fact the coffee shop is mismanaged the potential exists for an outsider to purchase a controlling interest in the operation and put more efficient management into place if the purchase price does not exceed the value of profits to be generated by the efficiently managed firm. If the present owner chooses not to sell he must value the firm for more than the value of the profits generated by an efficiently managed firm. Therefore his position in the firm must generate for him non-pecuniary benefits, or benefits unrelated to the firm’s profitability and he is therefore not avalue maximizer. Perhaps he enjoys making fun of his clients or takes pride in his eclectic tastes in interior decorating. In any case the takeover market does discipline him in the sense that he will be forced to pay for his non-pecuniary benefits in the sense that he trades off profits.The same could be said of an owner-manager who lacks the required specialized skills to properly run the firm but never the less continues to operate the company inefficiently because he ‘likes’ the work!The Role of the Finance Specialist in a Corporation12. Which of the following tasks undertaken within a corporate office are likely to fall under the supervision of the treasurer? The controller?Arranging to extend a line of credit from a bankArranging with an investment bank for a foreign exchange transactionProducing a detailed analysis of the cost structure of the company’s alternative product linesTaking cash payments for company sales and purchasing U.S. Treasury BillsFiling quarterly statements with the Securities and Exchange CommissionThe first two and the fourth items are responsibilities of the treasurer while the third and fifth items fall under the workload of the controller’s office.Objectivesy Define finance.y Explain why finance is worth studying.y Introduce two of the main players in the world of finance—households and firms—and the kinds of financial decisions theymake. The other main players, financial intermediaries and government, are introduced in chapter 2.Contents1.1Defining Finance1.2Why Study Finance?1.3Financial Decisions of Households1.4Financial Decisions of Firms1.5Forms of Business Organization1.6Separation of Ownership and Management1.7The Goal of Management1.8Market Discipline: Takeovers1.9The Role of the Finance Specialist in a CorporationSummaryFinance is the study of how to allocate scarce resources over time. The two features that distinguish finance are that the costs and benefits of financial decisions are spread out over time and are usually not known with certainty in advance by either the decision maker or anybody else.A basic tenet of finance is that the ultimate function of the system is to satisfy people’s consumption preferences. Economic organizations such as firms and governments exist in order to facilitate the achievement of that ultimate function. Many financial decisions can be made strictly on the basis of improving the trade-offs available to people without knowledge of their consumption preferences.There are at least five good reasons to study finance:y To manage your personal resources.y To deal with the world of business.y To pursue interesting and rewarding career opportunities.y To make informed public choices as a citizen.y To expand your mind.The players in finance theory are households, business firms, financial intermediaries, and governments. Households occupy a special place in the theory because the ultimate function of the system is to satisfy the preferences of people, and the theory treats those preferences as given. Finance theory explains household behavior as an attempt to satisfy those preferences. The behavior of firms is viewed from the perspective of how it affects the welfare of households.Households face four basic types of financial decisions:y Saving decisions: How much of their current income should they save for the future?y Investment decisions: How should they invest the money they have saved?y Financing decisions: When and how should they use other people’s money to sa tisfy their wants and needs?y Risk-management decisions: How and on what terms should they seek to reduce the economic uncertainties they face or to take calculated risks?There are three main areas of financial decision making in a business: capital budgeting, capital structure, and working capital management.There are five reasons for separating the management from the ownership of a business enterprise: y Professional managers may be found who have a superior ability to run the business.y To achieve the efficient scale of a business the resources of many households may have to be pooled.y In an uncertain economic environment, owners will want to diversify their risks across many firms. Such efficient diversification is difficult to achieve without separation ofownership and management.y To achieve savings in the costs of gathering information.y The “learning curve” or “going concern” effect: When the owner is also the manager, the new owner has to learn the business from the former owner in order to manage it efficiently. If the owner is not the manager, then when the business is sold, the manager continues in place and works for the new owner.The corporate form is especially well suited to the separation of ownership and management of firms because it allows relatively frequent changes in owners by share transfer without affecting the operations of the firm.The primary goal of corporate management is to maximize shareholder wealth. It leads managers to make the same investment decisions that each of the individual owners would have made had they made the decisions themselves.A competitive stock market imposes a strong discipline on managers to take actions to maximize the market value of the firm’s shares.。
金融学(第二版)试题和答案
金融学（第二版）试题和答案第6章商业银行业务与管理【编辑录入：system】（一）单选题1．当前，西方发达国家商业银行最主要的组织形式是（d）。
a、 1694年（a）的建立标志着现代西方商业银行体系的建立。
a、英国银行B.汉堡银行C.威尼斯银行D.阿姆斯特丹银行3。
商业银行的资产业务指（d）。
a.资金来源业务b.存款业务c.中间业务d.资金运用业务4．以下业务中属于商业银行的表外业务是（c）。
a、结算业务B.信托业务C.承诺业务D.代理业务5．目前，在商业银行的全部资金来源中占最大比例的是（b）。
a.负债b.存款c.自有资本d.借款6．从目前经营制度和业务范围看，（d）是实行分业银行制度的典型。
a.英国b.德国c.美国d.中国7.商业银行在无损状态下快速变现其资产的能力指（c）。
a.负债的流动性b.经营的安全性c.资产的流动性d.经营的盈利性8．资产管理理论是以商业银行资产的（c）为重点的经营管理理论。
a.盈利性与流动性b.流动性c、流动性和安全D.安全性和盈利能力9．对称原则是指商业银行在资产与负债的规模、结构和期限的搭配应相互协调平衡，要相互对称。
这是一种建立在合理经济增长基础上的（b）。
a、静态平衡B.动态平衡C.统一平衡D.绝对平衡10．反映商业银行某一时点上资产负债和其他业务（股东权益）的存量的财务报表是（c）。
a.现金流量表b.损益表c.资产负债表d.财务状况变动表11．从传统商业银行到现代商业银行之间不变之点在于（d）。
a、资金来源保持不变B.资金使用保持不变C.客户保持不变D.利润追求保持不变12。
商业银行的资本由（b）项组成。
a.实有资本和虚拟资本b.核心资本和附属资本c.金融资本和产业资本d.固定资本和流动资本13．信用风险就是由（c）引起的风险。
a、商业银行贷款条件的变化B.国家政策的变化C.债务人违约D.货币贬值14。
古代的货币兑换行业是（b）。
a、银行业b、商业c、金融业d、证券业15．商业银行的资产负债比例管理就是（b）管理。
杨胜刚《国际金融》(第2版)课后习题-国际金融机构及协调(圣才出品)
第九章国际金融机构及协调1．试比较IMF与世界银行的基本职能与业务活动。
答：（1）IMF的主要职能是：①为成员国提供国际货币合作与协商的场所；②确立成员国在汇率政策、与经常项目有关的支付以及货币的兑换性方面需要遵守的行为准则，并实施监督，从而保证有秩序的汇兑安排和汇率体系的稳定，消除不利于国际贸易发展的外汇管制，避免成员国操纵汇率或采取歧视性的汇率政策以谋求不公平的竞争利益；③向国际收支发生困难的成员国提供必要的临时性资金融通，以使其遵守上述行为准则，并避免采取不利于其他国家经济发展的经济政策。
IMF的业务活动围绕其宗旨服务，主要有：检查和监督各国和全球经济与金融发展，并向成员国提出经济政策建议；向成员国融通资金，以支持旨在纠正国际收支问题和促进可持续增长的调整和改革政策；在其专长领域内，向政府和中央银行官员提供广泛的技术援助和培训。
IMF主要负责国际货币事务方面，其主要任务是向成员国提供解决国际收支暂时不平衡所需的短期外汇资金，以消除外汇管制、促进汇率稳定和国际贸易的扩大。
（2）世界银行主要负责成员国的经济复兴与开发，致力于提高人们的生活水平，消除贫困，并向成员国（特别是发展中国家）提供发展经济的中、长期贷款。
世界银行虽然是营利性组织，但不是以利润最大化为经营目标。
根据1944年布雷顿森林会议通过的《国际复兴开发银行协议》第一条，世界银行的宗旨是：①对用于生产性目的的投资提供便利，以协助成员国的复兴与开发；②以担保或参加私人贷款和私人投资的方式，促进私人的对外投资；③用鼓励国际投资以开发成员国生产资源的方式，促进国际贸易的长期的均衡发展，并维持国际收支平衡；④与其他方面的国际贷款配合提供贷款担保。
世界银行的主要业务是贷款业务。
成立之初，贷款重点是帮助发达国家复兴经济。
1948年以后重点开始转向为发展中国家提供开发资金，其中主要是对中等收入国家提供贷款。
2．IMF、世界银行、国际开发协会、国际金融公司的贷款对象、贷款条件各有什么特点？答：参见下表9-1。
国际金融第二版课后答案(全)
国际金融习题答案第一章国际收支本章重要概念国际收支：国际收支是指一国或地区居民与非居民在一定时期内全部经济交易的货币价值之和。
它体现的是一国的对外经济交往，是货币的、流量的、事后的概念。
国际收支平衡表：国际收支平衡表是将国际收支根据复式记账原则和特定账户分类原则编制出来的会计报表。
它可分为经常项目、资本和金融项目以及错误和遗漏项目三大类。
国际收支平衡表:又称为国际收支帐户,是指将国际收支按照特定帐户分类,根据一定的原则用会计方法编制出来的报表。
具体地说，是指按照复式簿记原理，以某一特定货币为计量单位，运用简明的表格形式总括地反映一经济体（一般指一国家或地区）在特定时期内与世界其他经济体间发生的全部经济交易的统计报表。
自主性交易：亦称事前交易，是指交易当事人自主地为某项动机而进行的交易。
国际收支失衡：国际收支失衡是指自主性交易发生逆差或顺差，需要用补偿性交易来弥补。
它有不同的分类，根据时间标准进行分类，可分为静态失衡和动态失衡；根据国际收支的内容，可分为总量失衡和结构失衡；根据国际收支失衡时所采取的经济政策，可分为实际失衡和潜在失衡。
复习思考题1．一国国际收支平衡表的经常账户是赤字的同时，该国的国际收支是否可能盈余，为什么？答：可能，通常人们所讲的国际收支盈余或赤字就是指综合差额的盈余或赤字.这里综合差额的盈余或赤字不仅包括经常账户，还包括资本与金融账户，这里，资本与金融账户和经常账户之间具有融资关系。
但是，随着国际金融一体化的发展，资本和金融账户与经常账户之间的这种融资关系正逐渐发生深刻变化。
一方面，资本和金融账户为经常账户提供融资受到诸多因素的制约。
另一方面，资本和金融账户已经不再是被动地由经常账户决定，并为经常账户提供融资服务了。
而是有了自己独立的运动规律。
因此，在这种情况下，一国国际收支平衡表的经常账户是赤字的同时，该国的国际收支也可能是盈余。
2．怎样理解国际收支的均衡与失衡?答：由于一国的国际收支状况可以从不同的角度分析，因此，国际收支的均衡与失衡也由多种含义。
杨胜刚《国际金融》(第2版)课后习题-国际资本流动与国际金融危机(圣才出品)
第七章国际资本流动与国际金融危机1．如何理解国际资本流动的含义？答：国际资本流动是指资本从一个国家或地区转移到另一个国家和地区，国际资本流动与一陶国际收支有关，主要反映在一国国际收支平衡表的资本与金融账户中。
它包括资本流出和资本流入两个方面。
资本流出是指本国资本流向外国，它意味着外国在本国的资产减少、外国对本国的负债增加、本国对外国的负债减少、本国在外国的资产增加。
资本流入是指外国资本流入本国，它意味着外国对本国的负债减少、本国对外国的负债增加、外国在本国的资产增加和本国在外国的资产减少。
2．试述国际资本流动发展的特点。
答：（1）20世纪90年代以前国际资本流动的特点：①早在第一次世界大战前，当时的工业国家，就已有一定规模的资本输出。
英国是当时最大的资本输出国，法、德次之。
就资本的流向而言，资本输出多集中在北美洲、拉丁美洲和大洋洲（占一半以上）．对东亚、中东和非洲等殖民地附属国也有一定比例的输出，法、德在俄国、东欧、北欧等地区也有少量资本输出。
就资本输出的方式来看，占主导地位的是私人股票、债券的证券投资，且主要投资受款国的公用事业部门。
②两次世界大战之间，美国也加入了资本输出国的行列。
由原来的债务国跃升为净债务国，资本流向以拉美、加拿大和西欧等地区为主，资本输出方式则主要是政府借贷取代了私人资本借贷。
截至二战前，大体上讲，世界长期资本输出的规模不大，地区流向、部门结构和资金流动方式等均较单一。
③二战后至20世纪90年代，从量上看，国际资本流动的规模空前膨胀，国际直接投资规模急剧扩大，国际直接投资的增长速度不仅超过了国民生产总值和工业生产的增长速度，也超过了国际贸易的增长速度，取代国际贸易成为推动世界经济发展的主要力量；从质上看，资本流向、资本输出方式、资本结构等方面也发生了深刻的变化。
（2）20世纪90年代以来国际资本流动的特点：①发达国家资金需求上升。
主要发达国家（欧盟、美国、日本）资金需求的上升，使得发达国家既是对外投资的大国，也是引进外资最多的国家，特别是跨国公司已经成为经济全球化的重要力量。