上海市浦东新区第四教育署2015-2016学年八年级(五四学制)下学期期中考试数学试题
（3）11
…………………………………………………（1 分）
四、解答题（23、24 题每题 6 分，25、26 题每题 8 分，满分 28 分）
23.解：设这个班有 名同学 …………………………………………………（1 分）
…………………………………………………（2 分）
，
பைடு நூலகம்
…………………………………………………（1 分）
2 B 为垂足，且 S⊿ABC= 6. （1）求点 B 和 P 的坐标 .（2）点 D 是直线 AP 上一点，三角形 ABD 是直角三角形，求点 D 坐标
（3） y 轴上 是否存在点 Q，联结 Q、C、P、B 形成的四边形是平行四边形，若存在请写出点 Q 的坐标；
若不 存在，请说明理由.
P C
A
O
B
（2）写出 CD 所在直线的函数解析式.
A
（
图
五
）
O
B
x
25. 如图，点 O 是平行四边形 ABCD 的对角线 AC 与 BD 的交点，四边形 OCDE 是平行四边形.求证：OE
与 AD 互相平分.
E
A
D
O
B
C
26. 若直线y 1 x 2分别交 x 轴、 y 轴于 A、C 两点，点 P 是该直线上在第一象限内的一点，PB⊥ x 轴，
．
三、简答题：（本大题共 4 题，每题 6 分满分 24 分）
1 19．解方程： 1 x
x
2
1
1
20．解方程： 3 2x 3 x
解：
解：
2
21．解方程组：
x 2 2xy 3y 2 0
x y 2
22．今年入夏以来，全国大部分地区发生严重干旱，某市自来水公司为了鼓励市民节约用水，采取分段收 费标准，若每户居民每月应交水费 y（元）是用水量 x（吨）的函数，其图像如图所示， （1）分别写出 x≤5 和 x>5 时，y 与 x 的函数解析式；
4
第四教育署 2015 学年第二学期期中考试质量抽测
初二年级数学测试卷答案
一、选择（本大题共 6 题，每题 2 分，满分 12 分） 1. B 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. D 二、填空：（本大题共 12 题，每题 3 分，满分 36 分）
7.
； 8.
； 9.
； 10.
12. 3； 13.
3、简答题：（本大题共 4 题，每题 6 分，满分 24 分）
4、解答题（本大题共 4 题，第 23、24 题每 题 6 分，第 25、26 题，每题 8 分，满分 28 分）
五．试卷期望分：75 分
第四教育署 2015 学年第二学期期中考试质量抽测
初二年级数学测试卷
（完卷时间：1 00 分钟 满分：100 分）
题号
一
二
三
2016.4
四
总分
得分
一、单项选择题：（本大题共 6 题，每题 2 分，满分 12 分）
1．下列函数中，是一次函数的是……………………………………（ ）
A． y 1 1； x
； 14.
17. AB=CD 或 AD∕∕BC 等； 18. 6 或-6
三、计算题：（本大题共 4 题，每题 6 分满分 24 分）
19.解：方程两边同时乘以
，得
，
； 11.
；
； 15. 108； 16. 十二；
. …………………………………1 分
整理，得
.
…………………………………1 分
解这个整式方程，得
，
. …………………………………2 分
经检验知
，
均为原方程的根. …………………………………1 分
所以，原方程的根是
，
. …………………………………1 分
20.解：原方程化为：
两边平方，得 整理，得
………………………2 分 …………………………1 分
解得
…………………………1 分
经检验： ∴原方程的根为
一．考试范围：
第二十章一次函数、第二十一章代数方程、第二十二章第一节多边形、第二节平行四边
形，。
二．完卷时间：100 分钟；满分 100 分。
三．总分：100 分；
8
四．试题类型和分值：
1、选择题：（本大题共 6 题，每题 2 分，满分 12 分）
2、填空题：（本大题共 12 题，每题 3 分，满分 36 分）
和
．
15．已知□ABCD 中，已∠A:∠D =3:2，则∠C＝
度.．
16．如果多边形的每个内角都是 150°，那么这个多边形是
边形．
17．在四边形 ABCD 中，AB∥C D，要使四边形 ABCD为平行四边形，则应添加的条件是
（添加一个即可）．
18．如果直线 y 2x k 与两坐标轴所围成的三角形面积是 9，则 k 的值为
由两工程队合做 3 天后，余下的由乙工程队独做，正好如期完成．设工程期限为 x 天，则下面所列方程中
正确的是…………………………………（
）
（A）
x
3
1
x x6
1
；
（C）
3 x 1
x
x 6
x
；
（B）
3 x 1
x
x
6
；
（D）
x
3 1
x
x
6
1
6．下列命题是假命题的是………………………………………………（ ）
将
代入（2），得
. …………… ……………………………………（1 分）
所以原方程组的解为
解法二：
或
……………………………（1 分） …………………………………………………（2 分）
原方程组的解为
……………………………（2 分+2 分）
22.（1）
，
…………………（2 分+2 分）
（2）2.52
…………………………………………………（1 分）
x3
3 x
13．用换元法解分式方程 x 2 3x 2 0 时，如果设 x 2 y ，则原方程可化为关于 y 的整式方
x x2
x
程是_________________________．
14 ． 把 二 元 二 次 方 程 x2 6xy 9 y2 4 化 成 两 个 一 次 方 程 ， 则 这 两 个 一 次 方 程 分 别 是 ：
经检验：
，
都是原方程的根，但是
不符题意，舍去。（1 分）
答：略…………………………………………………………………………………（1 分）
24.（1）点 A（0,4），B（3,0）…………………………………………………（1 分） 点 C（-2,0）或（8,0）……… …………………………………………（2 分）
…………………………………… ……………………………………（2 分） ……… ……………………………（1 分）
设 D2
解得
，
（点 D 与点 A 重合，不符题意舍去） （1 分）
∴D2
……… ………………………… ……………………………（1 分）
（3）存在，Q1(0，-1)，Q2（0,5） ……………………………………（2 分）
（2）若 A 户居民 该月用水 3.5 吨，则应交水费 （3）若 B 户居民该月交水费 9 元，则用水
元； 吨。
四、解答题：（23、24 题每题 6 分，25、26 题每题 8 分，满分 28 分） 23．某校庆迎新文艺晚会需要用气球 3000 个，八（1）班同学自愿承担吹气球的工作.有 1 0 名同学最后
∴四边形
是平行四边形.
∴ 与 互相平分. 26.解：（1）A（-4，0），C（0，2）
……………………2 分. ……………………………（1 分）
由题意 设点 P 的坐标为（ ∵PB⊥x 轴 ∴B（ ,0） ∴AB= +4 ∵S⊿ABC=6
∴ =2 ∴B(2,0),P(2,3) （2）D1（2,3）
）且 >0
是
．
8．已知一次函数 y kx b 的图像经过点 A(0,2) ，并与直线 y 3x 平行，那么这个一次函数解析式
是
_．．
9．关于 y 的方程 (a2 1) y 1的解是
．
x y 5
10．方程组 xy 6 的解为
．
11．方程 x 2 3 的根是______ _______．
12．如果 x 3 是方程 x 2 k 的增根，那么 k 的值为___________.
因排练节目没有参加.这样，其他同学平均每人吹的气球数比原计划多 15 个，问这个班有多少名同学？
3
24．已知：如图五所示，直线 y 4 x 4 的与 x 轴、 y 轴分别交于点 B 和点 A .将这条直线平移后 3
与 x 轴、 y 轴分别交于点 C 和点 D ，且 BA CB .
y
（1）求点 C 的坐标；
是原方程的根，
是增根 ……………1 分
……………………………………………1 分
21.解法一：
6
由（2）得：
, ………………………………………（1 分）
将
代入（1），得.
整理得,
……………………………………………………（1 分）
解得,
………………………………………… …（1 分）
将
代入（2），得
. …………………………………………………（1 分）
A．两组对边分别相等的四边形是平行四边形；
B．两组对角分别相等的四边形是平行四边形；
C．一组对边平行且相等的四边形是平行四边形；
1
2015学年浦东新区第二学期期中考试卷(含答案)
2015学年浦东新区第二学期期中考试八年级物理试卷、下列单位中，不是功率单位的是……………………………………………………… （ ） A 、瓦 B 、焦 C 、焦/秒 D 、千瓦、一位同学将一本八年级物理课本不小心碰到的了地上，他将课本捡起来又放到了课桌上。
根 ） 、 0.015焦 B 、0.15焦 C 、1.5焦 D 、15焦、在处于平衡状态的杠杆上再加上一个力，杠杆仍处平衡状态，则……………………… )A 、 这个力在动力的一边。
B 、这个力在阻力的一边。
C 、 这个力通过支点。
D 、题设条件不可能存在。
、如图所示的各类杠杆中，属于省距离的是…………………………………………（ ） A 、起子 B 、道钉撬C 、筷子D 、钢丝钳、关于惯性，下列说法中正确的是…………………………………………………… ( ) 、物体在平衡力的作用下才有惯性。
B 、物体只有处于静止状态才有惯性。
、物体受到重力作用时才有惯性。
D 、一切物体无论什么运动状态，都具有惯性。
、下列关于物体是否做功的说法中正确的是………………………………………… （ ） A B 、被脚踢出的足球在草地上滚动的过程中，脚对足球做了功C 、小刚从地上捡起篮球的过程中，小刚对篮球做了功D 、小丽背着书包站在路边等车，小丽对书包做了功、如图所示，O 为杠杆的支点，第一次杠杆在重物G 和力F 1的G 和力F 2的A 、F 1＜F 2=GB 、F 1＝F 2C 、F 1＞F 2D 、F 2＞F 1＞G 、航天工作者在发射火箭，当火箭加速腾空的过程中，它的……………………………（ ） A 、动能增加，重力势能增加 B 、动能不变，势能减少 C 、动能减少，重力势能不变 D 、动能减小，重力势能减少 、．如图所示，是甲、乙两物体做功与所需的时间的关系图象，P 甲与乙物体的功率P 乙大小关系是 ………… （ ） A 、P 甲＞P 乙 B 、P 甲＜P 乙 C 、P 甲=P 乙 D 、无法确定10、放在水平桌面上的物体在5牛的水平拉力作用下水平向右做匀速直线运动：若物体所受水平向右的拉力减小为4牛，则物体将（ ） A 、仍然向右运动，但速度越来越慢 B 、仍然向右做匀速直线运动C 、可能是先向右运动，再向左运动D 、不能确定二、填空题（每空1分 ， 共30分）1、 物体处于____________状态或____________状态，我们就称物体处于平衡状体。
[首发]上海市浦东新区第四教育署2016-2017学年八年级(五四学制)下学期期中考试英语试题
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2016学年第二学期英语学科质量调研初二年级试卷（满分：100分完卷时间：100分钟）（考生注意：本卷有7大题，共80小题。
试题均采用连续编号，所有答案务必写在答题纸上，写在试卷上不得分。
）Part1ListeningI.Listening Comprehension.（共25分）A.Listen and choose the right picture.（听句子，选择正确的图片，用A,B,C…或F等表示）：(5分)A B CD E F1.__________2.__________3.__________4.__________5.__________B.Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear.（根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案，用A,B,C或D表示）：(7分)6.A.Apples B.Bananas C.Oranges D.Pears7.A.A book store B.A school. C.A bus stop D.A post office8.A.For one day B.For less than7daysC.For a few daysD.For more than7days9.A.By taxi B.By bike C.By subway D.By bus10.A.To work hard B.To do exerciseC.To have a good restD.To drink much11.A.8:20 B.8:30 C.8:40 D.8:5012.A.An editor B.A secretary C.A writer D.A reporterC.Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements ar e true or false.（听短文，判断下列句子是否符合你所听到的短文内容，符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示）：(5分)13.Mr.Baker is the boss of the shop.14.The young man wanted to know when Mr.Baker would close his shop.15.Mr.Baker received the calls when he was at home.16.Mr.Baker was happy about the phone call.17.The young man was inside Mr.Baker’s shop.D.Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences.(根据所听内容填入适当的单词):(8分)18.Both men and women in the USA usually smile and______________when greeting.19.When greeting someone for the______________,Americans say"Please meet you!"20.The Americans do not generally stand very close to______________.21.Guests are expected to make_________________,to sit where they like.Part2Phonetics,vocabulary and GrammarII.Choose the best answer.（选择最恰当的答案，用A,B,C或D表示）：(15分)22.Which of the following words match the sound/'θʌrə/?A.throughB.thoroughC.thoughD.thought23.What____important work she has done!A.aB.anC.theD./24.Look at the photo.The woman next to________is my mother.A.IB.mineC.meD.my25.We must be careful__________electricityA.withB.toC.forD.in26.The bus driver ought to be___________the passengers’safety.A.do withB.take charge ofC.in briefD.responsible for27.Judy did very well in the maths test.He has made_____mistakes in it.A.littleB.a littleC.fewD.a few28.My parents always encourage me________hard.A.studyingB.studyC.to studyD.to study29.The_______fish doesn’t taste________.A.freezing,goodB.frozen,goodC.freezing,wellD.frozen,well30.There are over______young people watching the magic show in the square.A.two hundredB.two hundred ofC.two hundreds ofD.hundreds31.Jack’s just cleaned the window,__________he?A.isn’tB.wasn’tC.hasn’tD.is32.Would you like_________to drink?A.something coldB.delicious coldC.anything coldD.cold something33.I didn’t understand______my teacher explained it again.A.afterB.untilC.whenD.because34.Tell me briefly what your story is about.The underlined part means________.A.carefullyB.hardlyC.shortly and quicklyD.wonderfully35.He________here in1980.He_________a doctor for over thirty years.A.came...wasB.has come...isC.came...has beenD.has came...has been36.----I think we should produce less rubbish.----_________________.A.Thank you.B.That’s all right.C.That’s kind of you.D.I agree with youplete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box.Each can only be used once.（将下列单词或词组填入空格，用A、B、C、D等表示，每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次）: (共5分)Electricity didn’t begin when Benjamin Franklin37his kite during a rainstorm,nor did it begin when people first used light bulbs.Electricity has always been around38it’s invisible.Scientists have worked with electricity for thousands of years.We’ve all heard of some39scientists such as Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Edi son,but many other important inventors have been buried in40.Back in ancient Greece, scientists began to study electricity.Over2,000years later in1600,English scientist William Gilbert 41used the“electric”in a report;w hen Edison’s generator（发电机）was connected with James Watt’s steam engine,it became possible to produce a lot of electricity at last;Scottish inventor Watt was born in 1763.His name was given to the electric unit of power,the watt（瓦特）.37._________38._________39._________40._________41._________plete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms.（用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，每空格限填一词）：(共7分)42.Ice is the_______state of water.（three）43.As a kindergarten teacher,you mustn’t be so_________with the children.(patient)44.What is your_____________for being late,Tom?(explain)45.The Americans_______Donald Trump as the45th president of the USA in2016.(elect)46.After watching the popular CCTV program hosted by Dongqing,many young children want to be good________.(read)47.“Excuse me,is this seat taken?”the young man asked the woman________.(polite)48.We haven't_______when we will set out.(decide)V.Rewrite the following sentences as required.（按要求改写下列句子，每空格限填一词）：(10分)49.The water sped down the mountain.(改为一般疑问句)________the water________down the mountain?50.Don’t walk on the grass in spring.(保持句意基本不变)You_____________________on the grass in spring.51.Jill has been a member of the Reading Club for five years.(划线部分提问)____________________has Jill been a member of the Reading Club?52.The children want to know.Does water come from clouds？(连成一句)The children want to know________water_________from clouds.53.electricity,over,Benjamin Franklin,two centuries ago,his experiments,on,began,(连词成句)__________________________________________________________________.Part3Reading and writingVI.Reading comprehension.(共26分)A.Choose the best answer.（根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案,用Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ或D表示):(6分)Take a look at the following ads!You may find some useful informati on you need here!Guitar lessonsExperienced musician from Australia.Good at teaching kids for5years!For more information,please visit Larry’s website:.au54.If you want to have a guitar lesson,you may_______.A.call Susan at7328059B.surf the website:.auC.telephone Mr.White at5132683D.e-mail sdgt@55.Who is the owner of the lost dog?A.Mr.WhiterryC.SusanD.David56.If you want the job as a taxi driver,you should_______.A.master at least three languagesB.know the tourist guide very wellC.only work for the taxi companyD.be an experienced driver57.Which information about the apartment is not mentioned in the table?A.It has a beautiful viewB.It has hot water in the daytimeC.It has three floorsD.It has a kitchen58.How can you contact(联系)the owner of the apartment for more information?A.By sending an e-mail.B.By going to visit it.C.By making a phone call.D.By sending a fax.59.What does“ads”in the first line mean?A.Giving opinion about what to do,how to behaveB.Showing people what something is doneC.Making known to people b showing something only on TVD.Making known to people by printing notices in newspapers,etc.B.Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文):（7分）Nowadays,group buying becomes more and more popular60both customers and businessmen.Through group buying,on one hand,customers get a lower price than normal(正常).On the other hand,businessmen also cut down expenses on marketing.That is the reason61group buying websites spring up like mushrooms in recent months.What is the most popular in group buying must be the unbelievable discounts(折扣).It’s certain that group buyingbrings us a lot of good things like62more money.But the truth is that there are more traps than happiness.To avoid being cheated,customers should sharpen the eyes and learn to protect themselves.Here are some tips.Tip1:Find out the important things63company’s name,address and phone numbers on websites.Tip2:Do shopping according to one’s own need.Do not64follow the lower price.Tip3:Pay attention to the detail description of products and the regulation of consuming.Keep the consumer vouchers(凭证).Tip4:Look65for cheating websites.Their names,pages and addresses are usually similar to well-known websitesTip5:Use third party payment like Alipay(支付宝)or require a cash on delivery.Do not pay a large 66of money through E-bank in advance.(提前)60.A.among B.between C.through D.for61.A.what B.which C.how D.why62.A.wasting ing C.saving D.spending63.A.for example B.such as C.as D.so as64.A.deaf B.deadly C.blindly D.blind65.A.out B.after C.around D.over66.A.thousand B.hundred C.number D.amountC.Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words.(7分)Nowadays,many children of my age do not c____67_____with their parents.They don’t like sharing their i____68_____,problems or happiness with their parents.They probably talk to their friends much more than they talk to their parents.The gap between the two generations is becoming bigger and bigger.It’s not a good phenomenon（现象）.We’re still young,and do not know man y things well,s____69____we needadults to guide us and tell us the right way to d____70_____with the problems.It’s g____71_____for parents to know what’s going on in our life.If we keep them in the dark,they won’t know when we need their help or whether they can tr ust us.So we should tell them what we are up to,share our thoughts and feelings w__72____them,and seek their tips on our problems.As for me,I often talk with my parents.Every night,I go for a walk with them after dinner.When we are taking a walk,I will talk with them about my life in school,and they will give me some a____73 ____.Talking with my parents can help me a lot.67._________68._________69._________70._________71._________72._________73._________D.Answer the questions.(6分)You may ride your bicycle in a rush to get to school every morning.You may fight to get a bit of space on a bus or on the subway.You may also watch taxis go slowly through traffic jams.No matter where you are,all big cities around the world have traffic jams these days.Although they all have their problems,many cities also have a type of transportation that has become a cultural symbol.In London,to go away from the traffic above ground,people use the“underground”,also called the“tube”.The city has the oldest and most complicated underground railway system in the world and it is the pride of many Londoners.With12lines and275stations across the city,the tube is normally(通常)the quickest and easiest way of getting around London.In London,you are never far from a tube station.New York is famous for its yellow cabs(or we can call them taxis).They serve as a quick and easy way of getting across Manhattan,where the subway doesn’t take you everywhere.Stopping a cab is easy: just stick out your arm like you do in any other city.But with over12,000yellow cabs in the Big Apple, they also cause traffic jams.Since1873when the first cable car(电车)started public service,which was slow and noisy,it has been a symbol of San Francisco.Although once damaged by a serious earthquake and challenged by small cars,it is never caught in traffic jams and provides better views than the subway.But there are no such symbols in Los Angeles.If you visit it,you’d better rent a car.The city’s public transportation is terrible.It can take hours to get across town by bus.The subway goes to just a small part of the city center.The light rail line only runs between the Long Beach hotel area and the city center.That’s why people in Los Angeles love their own cars more than any other person in the world.74.Many big cities in the world have traffic jams these days,don’t they?___________________________________________.75.Which city has the oldest and most complicated underground railway systemin the world?____________________________________________76.Why is the tube in London the quickest and the easiest to get around London?____________________________________________77.How do you understand“You are never far from a tube station.”___________________________________________78.When did the first cable car start public service in San Francisco?____________________________________________79.Why do people in Los Angeles love their own cars more than any other person in the world？__________________________________________VII.Writing.(共12分)80.Write at least60words about the topic“The importance of________”(以“……的重要性”为题写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。
上海市2015-2016学年八年级第二学期期中考试复习答案
上海市2015-2016学年八年级第二学期期中考试复习答案3．解：（1）如图①，过点G 作GM BC ⊥于M .…………………………………………（1分） 在正方形EFGH 中，90,HEF EH EF ∠== . …………………………………………………………（1分） 90.90,.AEH BEF AEH AHE AHE BEF ∴∠+∠=∠+∠=∴∠=∠ 又∵90A B ∠=∠= ，∴⊿AH E ≌⊿BEF …………………………………………………………（1分）同理可证：⊿MFG ≌⊿BEF . …………………………………………………………（1分） ∴GM=BF=AE =2.∴FC=BC-BF =10. …………………………………………………………（1分）（2）如图②，过点G 作GM BC ⊥于M .连接HF .…………………………………………（1分） //,.//,.AD BC AHF MFH EH FG EHF GFH ∴∠=∠∴∠=∠.AHE MFG ∴∠=∠…………………………………………………（1分）又90,,A GMF EH GF ∠=∠==∴⊿AHE ≌⊿MFG .………………………………………………………（1分） ∴GM=AE =2.……………………………………………………………（1分）11(12)12.22GFC S FC GM a a ∴=⋅=-=- …………………………………………（1分）4、证明：（1）∵正方形ABCD ∴90A EBH ∠=∠=︒AD BC =…………1′∵E 是AB 的中点∴AB BE =…………1′ ∵AED BEH ∠=∠∴AED BEH ≅ …………1′ ∴AD BH =∴BC BH =…………1′ ∵M 是CG 的中点∴//BM GH …………1′(2)证AED CDF ≅ …………1′∴ADE DCF ∠=∠ ∵90DCF CDE ∠+∠=︒∴90CGH ∠=︒………1′ ∵//BM GH ∴90CMB CGH ∠=∠=︒ ∴BM CF ⊥…………1′5、.解：（1）y y ⎧=+⎪⎨=⎪⎩2x y =⎧⎪⎨=⎪⎩1′∴点P 的坐标为（2，1′（2）当0y =时，4x =∴点A 的坐标为（4，0）………………………1′ ∵4OP =4PA ==……………1′∴OA OP PA ==∴POA 是等边三角形...........................1′ （3）当0＜t ≤4时， (1)′2128S OF EF == ………………………1′当4＜t ＜8时， (1)′2S =+-1′ 6、证：（1）过P 作x 轴、y 轴的垂线，垂足分别为H 、T ，∵点P 在函数x y =()0>x 的图像上，∴PH =PT ，PH ⊥PT ，---------------------------------------------------（1分）又∵AP ⊥PQ ，∴∠APH =∠QPT ，又∠PHA =∠PTQ ，∴⊿PHA ≌⊿PTQ , ------------------------------------------------------（1分）∴AP =PQ . ---------------------------------------------------------------（1分）(2)22-=a b . -------------------------------------------------------------（2分）（3）由（1）、（2）知，2221-=⨯=∆a OQ OA S AOQ ， 222122+-==∆a a AP S APQ，------------（1分） ∴()2232222+-=-a a a ， 解得255±=a ，--------------------------------------------------------（1分） 所以点P 的坐标是⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛--255,255与⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛++255,255.---（1分）9（1）①证：过P 作MN ⊥AB ，交AB 于点M ，交CD 于点N∵正方形ABCD ，∴ PM=AM ，MN=AB ， 从而MB=PN ………………………………（2分） ∴△PMB ≌△PNE ，从而PB=PE …………（2分） ②解：PF 的长度不会发生变化，设O 为AC 中点，联结PO ，∵正方形ABCD ，∴ BO ⊥AC ，…………（1分） 从而∠PBO =∠EPF ，……………………（1分） ∴△POB ≌△PEF ，从而PF=BO 22=…………（2分） （2）图略，上述（1）中的结论仍然成立；…………（1分）（1分） （3）当点E 落在线段CD 上时，∠PEC 是钝角，从而要使⊿PEC 为等腰三角形，只能EP=EC ，…………（1分）这时，PF=FC ，∴2==AC PC ，点P 与点A 重合，与已知不符。
【初中英语】上海市浦东新区第四教育署2015-2016学年八年级下学期期中考试英语试题 人教版
上海市浦东新区第四教育署2015-2016学年八年级下学期期中考试英语试题（满分：100分完卷时间：90分钟）（考生注意：本卷有7大题，共80小题。
试题均采用连续编号，所有答案务必写在答题纸上，写在试卷上不得分。
）Part 1 ListeningI. Listening Comprehension.（共25分）A. Listen and choose the right picture. （听句子，选择正确的图片，用A, B, C…或F等表示）：(5分)A B CD E F1.__________2. __________3. __________4. __________5. __________B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear. （根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案，用A, B, C或D表示）：( 7 分)6. A. Sunny. . B. Cloudy. C. Snowy. D. Rainy.7. A. Tennis. B. Basketball. C. Baseball. D. Badminton.8. A. John did. B. Jack did. C. Sam did. D. Nobody.9. A. Spring. B. Summer. C. Autumn. D. Winter.10.A. 8 dollars. . B. 10 dollars. C. 12 dollars. D. 14 dollars.11. A. He has a stomachache. B. He has a cold.C. He doesn’t sleep well.D. He has a headache.12. A. In a bank. B. In a shop. C. In a post office. D. In a restaurant.C. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false. （听短文，判断下列句子是否符合你所听到的短文内容，符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示）：(5分)13. Tom would fly to England for some work in January.14. Tom found a very nice hotel in the centre of the city.15. Tom didn’t tell his wife the address of the hotel until he put his things in his room.16. He went out of the cinema at nine o’clock and had a nice dinner.17. The taxi driver didn’t remember the address of the hotel.D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences. (根据所听内容填入适当的单词):(8分)18. Man can only drink and use the 3% of the water that _______ _______ rivers and lakes.19. We should learn to save water and find out ______ ______ to reuse it.20. Even if every large city used its water again, it would not _______ _______.21. If we can find a good idea out, we’ll be in ________ ________ of drying up.Part 2 Grammar and vocabularyII. Choose the best answer. （选择最恰当的答案，用A, B, C或D表示）：( 15分)22. Which of the following underlined part is different from others?A. breatheB. breathC. leaderD. release23. Could Daisy solve that difficult physics problem by _________?A. sheB. herC. hersD. herself24. Every Sunday morning I need an hour to enjoy my pleasant breakfast with ________ newspaper.A. aB. a piece ofC. theD. /25. There are not many air conditioned buses in the company. The unlined phrase has similarmeaning with _________.A. a fewB. fewC. a littleD. not enough26. What do you mean __________your right hand immediately after heard the news?A. with risingB. with raisingC. by raisingD. by rising27. The film __________ for 5 minutes, we missed the beginning unluckily.A. is onB. has been onC. beginsD. has begun28. Benny likes playing tricks ___________ others.A. onB. atC. forD. to29. The TV is on, please don’t forget __________ when you leave.A. to turn off itB. to turn it offC. turning off itD. turning it off30. Doctor Ray, as well as other scientists __________ trees for nearly 15 years, but they know onlya little about them.A. studyB. studiesC. has studiedD. have studied31. This sign warns the people who study in the library __________.A. don’t speak loudlyB. not speak loudlyC. to not speak loudlyD. not to speakloudly32. They had to ________ the meeting hurriedly because time was up.A. holdB. containC. concludeD. take place33._______ nice weather it is to have a picnic!A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. How a34. I wonder __________.A. if I can keep this book for 5 daysB. can I keep this book for 5 daysC. how long can I keep this bookD. that I can keep this book for 5 days35. -----Happy birthday to you, Judy! Here is a gift for you.-----___________.A. My pleasure.B. Thank you.C. You’re welcome.D. The same to you.36. ----I’ve got the first prize for the English speech contest. How happy I am!---- ___________.A. Never mind.B. That’s all right.C. Thank you.D. You deserved to win.III. Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once. （选择与下列各句中划线部分内容意思相近的单词或短语，用A, B, C…或GThe electricity in your home is from power stations. Power stations usually ____37____ coal, oil or gas to make electricity. These power stations pollute our air.Here at the Earth Friends centre we get our energy from the sun, water and wind. They give us energy every day and they’ll never_____38____. This is renewable energy. Solar panels (太阳能板) and water and wind turbines（涡轮机）are clean and so are ____39_____ for our planet. They areSolar panels catch the sun’s energy and turn it into ecletricity. The electricity is stored in batteries ____40_____ we use it. You could put solar panels on the roof of your house and make your own clean electricity.Moving water turns the turbine and produces electricity. Hydro electric power stations（水力发电站）on rivers work in the same way but they are much _____41_____.Windmills(风车) have existed for hundreds of years. In the past, farmers used them to make flour. Modern ones are used to produce electricity. The wind moves the turbine just _____42_____ the water moves it to make hydro electric power.So now you know how to save energy at home and how we can make electricity every day without polluting our Earth.37. _________ 38. _________ 39. _________ 40. _________ 41. _________ 42. _________ IV. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms. （用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，每空格限填一词）：(共6分)43. Please help _________ to the cake, everybody. (you)44. It’s a good __________ to take fewer things with us. (choose)45. We all know that trees can produce oxygen to keep people _________. (live)46. Joyce sat __________ on a sofa watching a cartoon. (comfortable)47. The student has ___________ to receive the invitation from the big company. (decision)48. We all need your __________ about the things happened yesterday. (explain)V. Rewrite the following sentences as required.（按要求改写下列句子，每空格限填一词）：(10分)49. A drop of water sped down the mountain into the Yangtze river (改为一般疑问句)_________ a drop of water_________ down the mountain into the Yangtze river?50. We will graduate from junior school in 10 months. (对划线部分提问)_________ _________ will you graduate from junior school?51. He is responsible for the science section of the paper. (保持句子含义不变)He _________ _________ of the science section of the paper.52. Could you please tell me how I can operate the machine? (该为简单句)Could you please tell me __________ __________ operate the machine？53. ought to, young children, on the escalators, parents, carry (连词成句)Part 3 Reading and writingVI. Reading comprehension. (共26分)A. Choose the best answer. Choose the best answer（根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案, 用Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ或D表示): ( 6分)Can kids make their own newspapers? They do in Paris. Student editors(编辑) at a French newspaper for kids called “Mon Quotidien”, do every day.The 10-year-old newspaper has its headquarters (总部) in Paris. Sometimes the newspaper sells 200,000 copies every day. It gets more than one million dollars every year! This is much more than other newspapers.How do they decide what to put in the paper? All the adult editors working on the children’s daily agree that the paper should be easy and simple to read. Kids should be able to finish it within 10 minutes.The paper covers school life, animals, and science, which are usually kid’s favourite subjects. It also talks about big world problem, like the Iraq (伊拉克) war.In order to make the paper more popular with kids, adult editors invite students from age 10 to15 to take part in their meetings. They have meetings every Wednesday and Sunday. Adult editors, reporters and kids sit together and decide which topics should come out in the paper and on which page.Which topic should come out on the front page, European Union (欧盟) or bears in the zoo? Often the kid editors and adult writers disagree. Sometimes, the adult editors have to give up because their little editors won’t give in.Usually the student editors stay in the newspaper office for three hours at each meeting. Any kid in France can call the newspaper if they are interested in being a one-day editor.54. A kid can read Mon Quotidien ____________.A. dailyB. on school daysC. weeklyD. weekends55. Mon Quotidien ______________________________A. is a 10-year-old English newspaperB. is made only by kidsC. always sells 200,000 copies every dayD. gets over 1,000,000 dollars every year.56. The newspaper should not be ____________A. simpleB. interestingC. difficultD. easy57. You can find the information below on the newspaper except _____________.A. European Union.B. The lovely volunteers in Kingdom school.C. Wild foxes need your help.D. Do you know these musical instruments?58. Adult editors may invite ___________ to the meeting to make the paper more popular with kids.A. a college studentB. a middle school studentC. an adult editorD. a reporter59. Which of the following is TRUE?A. The topic on the front page is decided by adult editors at last.B. Any kid in France can be a one-day editor.C. Only big world problem can come out on the front page.D. When the kid editors and adult writers have different ideas, adults never give in.B. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文):（7分）Mary Donaldson is worried about her 16-year-old daughter, Sophia. Six months ago, Sophia came back from a party, upset and unhappy. From then on, she thinks of nothing but _____60_____ to lose weight and become beautiful. She refuses to eat and keeps on doing exercise. Sophia had always been a little heavy, so when she decided to go on a diet, Mary _____61______ her, she felt that her daughter would look more attractive if she lost 10 kilograms. However, Sophia______62_____ over 20 kilograms until now. Her eating and exercising habits are having_____63_____ her health. She is too thin and is often sick.Her mother is trying to prevent her from going on a diet and losing weight, but Sophia thinks that she is still too heavy and refuses to start eating _____64_____.Sophia’s mind is full of the idea of looking like a model. Every day she goes to a club to do exercise. When she is not there, she spends her time reading magazines like Fashion & Beauty. The models in these magazines are very thin and beautiful. Sophia says, “If I look like these models, I will be happy and all the boys will like me.”Mary doesn’t know how to help her daughter. She feels _____65______for having encouragedher at first, because Sophia no longer feels good or pleased with her body. She’s afraid that Sophia will never be happy if she keeps comparing _____66______ with the models in the magazines. Mary tries to tell Sophia that true beauty is from within. Common people are not supposed to look like models. The most ordinary face becomes beautiful when the person behind it is filled with confidence, wisdom and the joy of life.60. A. what B. when C. how D. why61. A. refused B. encouraged C. helped D. agreed62. A. has got B. has bought C. has lost D. has lent63. A. a harmful effect on B. a good help toC. a different idea withD. an active change to64. A. as usual B. as common C. as well as D. at last65. A. happy B. sorry C. worry D. pleased66. A. someone B. others C. himself D. herselfC. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words. (7分)If you have lost 12 times in a row (连续地), will you just give up? Dale Carnegie, a pioneer in public speaking and self-development, k____67____ trying. And he became famous by showing people how to be successful.Carnegie was born in 1888 to a poor farming family in the central United States. The boy didn’t take a t_____68____ until he was 12 years old. In his teens, he had to get up at 3 a.m. every day to milk the cows in his family.When Carnegie first entered the college, he felt hopeless because of his clothes and ordinary looks. His mother encouraged him: “Why not try to be b_____69_____ in other things instead of just dress and good looks?”Carnegie tried to be more active in college. He j____70_____ the debate team. But one after another, he lost 12 meets. The young man was very disappointed in himself. He said later that he thought of killing himself after so many failures.But soon Carnegie was seen practicing public speaking on the riverside. His hard work paid off (得到好的结果) at last. In 1906, Carnegie won a famous speech contest and became w____71____ known.The young man made his own words come true:” Believe that you will succeed, and you will.”In order to s_____72____ his success, Carnegie opened schools and wrote books. His best-sellers include “How to Win Friends and Influence(影响) People” and “How to Stop Worrying and Star Living”. More than 50 million copies of his books have been printed in 38 languages. They are still helping people on the r____73_____ to success.67._________ 68._________ 69._________ 70._________ 71._________ 72._________73._________D. Answer the questions. (6分)Only animals have the ability to see clearly when it is completely dark. A young boy who lives in a remote Chinese village seems to have the same ability.Nong Youhui’s parents live in China’s Guangxi Province (省). They noticed their son’s eyes were different on the day he was born. Instead of black or dark brown, the common color for Asian babies, they were a light blue. Even more unusual was the fact that when a flashlight was shined upon them, they would give a bluish-green light just like the eyes of a cat.However, when the parents went to see the village doctor, he told them that they would turn to black or dark brown, as he grew older.Since the young boy was normal in every other way, the parents soon got used to his beautiful eyes and life went on as usual. Then a few days ago, Nong Youhui’s teacher heard him complaining about how difficult it was for him to see in the bright sunlight. When a classmate joked that his eyes looked like those of a cat, the teacher decided to do something. He shone a flashlight into young Nong’s eyes—They in turn, flashed back.When he asked Nong if he could see in the dark, the young boy said yes. To test his words the teacher invited him to catch crickets(蟋蟀) on a dark night – Sure enough, the young boy needed no human produced light – His shining eyes were enough to catch the crickets.The news, which came about in 2013, has changed Nong Youhui’s life forever. As news spread, experts from all over the world flew in to examine his special power.Cat-boy, as he is noe called, has become world famous and recently, even earned himself a place in a new Guinness World Record (吉尼斯世界纪录)– The first human who can see in the dark! How cool is that?74. What is N ong Youhui’s same ability as animals?75. What common color are the eyes of Asian babies?76. Nong Youhui is normal in every other way except his eyes, isn’t he?77. How did the teacher test if the boy could see in the dark?78. Why did the boy earn himself a place in a new Guinness World Record?79. What other special ability would you like to have? And give your reason.VII. Writing. (共12分)80.Write at least 60 words about the topic ”Electricity” (以“电”为题写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。
2014-2015年上海市浦东新区第四教育署八年级(下)期中数学试卷(解析版)
第 1 页（共 16 页）
A．1
B．3
C．3（m﹣1）
D．
二、填空题（本大题共 12 题，每题 2 分，满分 24 分） 7． （2 分）一次函数 y=mx+1 中，若 y 随 x 的增大而减小，则实数 m 的取值范围 是 ． ．
8． （2 分）直线 y=﹣3x﹣2 向上平移 3 个单位后，所得直线的表达式是 9． （2 分）一次函数 y=3x﹣6 的图象与 x 轴的交点坐标是 ． ．
第 4 页（共 16 页）
2014-2015 学年上海市浦东新区第四教育署八年级（下） 期中数学试卷
参考答案与试题解析
一、选择题（本大题共 6 题，每题 3 分，满分 18 分） 1． （3 分）下列函数中，为一次函数的是（ A． C．y=x2+1 ）
10． （2 分）如果关于 x 的方程（a2﹣1）x=a+1 无解，那么实数 a= 11． （2 分）方程 12． （2 分）方程 的解为 的解是 ． ．
13． （2 分）二元二次方程 x2﹣2xy﹣8y2=0 可以化成两个一次方程，那么这两个 一次方程分别是 14． （2 分）若方程 或 ． 有增根，则增根为 ．
2014-2015 学年上海市浦东新区第四教育署八年级（下）期中数 学试卷
一、选择题（本大题共 6 题，每题 3 分，满分 18 分） 1． （3 分）下列函数中，为一次函数的是（ A． C．y=x2+1 ）
B．y=﹣2x D．y=kx+1（k 是常数） ）
2． （3 分）直线 y=x﹣1 的图象经过的象限是（ A．第一、二、三象限 C．第二、三、四象限
17． （2 分）“一根弹簧原长 10cm，在弹性限度内最多可挂质量为 5kg 的物体，挂 上物体后弹簧伸长的长度与所挂物体的质量成正比，
2019学年上海市浦东新区第四教育署八年级(五四学制)下学期期中考试物理试卷【含答案及解析】
2019学年上海市浦东新区第四教育署八年级（五四学制）下学期期中考试物理试卷【含答案及解析】姓名___________ 班级____________ 分数__________一、选择题1. 下列关于杠杆的说法中正确的是（）A. 杠杆必须是一根直棒B. 杠杆一定要有支点C. 力臂必须在杠杆上D. 力臂就是力的作用点到支点的距离2. 如图所示, 下列事例中, 没有利用杠杆工作的是 ( )A. B. C. D.3. 关于惯性，下列说法中正确的是 ( )A. 物体在平衡力的作用下才有惯性。
B. 物体只有处于静止状态才有惯性。
C. 物体受到重力作用时才有惯性。
D. 一切物体无论什么运动状态，都具有惯性。
4. 下列关于功和功率的说法中，正确的是（）A. 做功越慢，功率越小；B. 做功时间越长，功率越大；C. 做功越多，功率越大；D. 做功越多、时间越长，功率越大。
5. 在下列事例中, 力对物体做功的是 ( )A. 人提着水桶在水平地面上行走B. 举重运动员举着杠铃原地不动C. 人推汽车, 没有推动D. 雨滴从高空中落下6. 如图所示现象中，属于利用惯性现象的是 ( )A. 紧急刹车时，乘客向前倾倒B. 搬运重物时，在重物下面垫上滚木C. 将锤柄在物体上撞击几下，松动的锤头就紧套在锤柄上D. 苹果从树上掉下来，速度越来越快7. 从高处自由下落的物体，物体的（）A. 重力势能减小，动能增大B. 重力势能增大，动能增大C. 重力势能减小，动能减小D. 重力势能增大，动能减小。
8. 甲同学用10牛的水平推力使一个重50牛的物体沿水平桌面前进了0.5米，则甲同学对物体做功为（）A. 5焦B. 25焦C. 30焦D. 0焦9. 如图所示一根均匀直杆，可以绕o点转动，杆下挂一重物，现用一个始终跟直杆垂直的力F，使直杆由竖直位置慢慢转动到水平位置，在这个过程中直杆（）A. 始终是省力杠杆B. 始终是费力杠杆C. 先是省力，后是费力的。
2015-2016学年上海市浦东新区44校联考八年级(下)期中物理试卷(五四学制)(解析版)
2015-2016学年上海市浦东新区44校联考八年级（下）期中物理试卷（五四学制）一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20题）下列各小题只有一个选项符合题意，请将正确选项的代号填在答题纸的相应位置上．1．（2分）人的正常体温约为（）A．30℃B．33℃C．37℃D．39℃2．（2分）分子在不停地做无规则运动，能体现此规律的现象是（）A．细雨濛濛B．桂花飘香C．雪花飞舞D．树叶凋落3．（2分）如图所示的工具或仪器中，属于费力杠杆的是（）A．镊子B．起子C．撬棒D．钳子4．（2分）以下属于功的单位是（）A．焦/秒B．牛C．瓦D．焦5．（2分）如图所示的杠杆，O为支点，B点挂一重物G，在A点分别施力F1、F2、F3，使杠杆平衡，这三个力中力臂最大的是（）A．F1B．F2C．F3D．一样大6．（2分）如图所示，一根细绳绕过滑轮，一端系着重物G，手执另一端分别沿不同方向用力F1、F2匀速拉起重物时，三力的大小关系是（忽略绳与滑轮间的摩擦）（）A．F1＝F2＞G B．F1＞F2＞G C．F1＝F2＝G D．F1＝F2＜G 7．（2分）甲、乙两台机器正常工作时，分别做功600焦和300焦，下列关于两台机器做功快慢的说法中正确的是（）A．甲做功快B．乙做功快C．甲和乙做功一样快D．条件不足，无法判断8．（2分）长征二号F火箭托举着神九飞船飞向太空，在加速升空的过程中，飞船的（）A．动能增加，重力势能增加B．动能不变，势能减少C．动能减少，重力势能不变D．动能增加，机械能不变9．（2分）如图所示的四幅图是小明同学将书包从学校大门提到楼上教室中的情景，①将书包从地面提起②提着书包沿水平方向行走③提着书包上楼④站在门口等候开门。
其中，他对书包做功的过程是（）A．①③B．②④C．①②③D．①②③④10．（2分）如图所示，作用在杠杆一端且始终与杠杆垂直的力F，将杠杆缓慢地由位置A经过B拉至位置C，在这个过程中动力F（）A．变大B．变小C．先变小后变大D．先变大后变小二、填空题（11-17题每空1分，18、19题每小题4分，共28分）11．（4分）温度是表示物体的物理量。
2015-2016学年上海市浦东新区第四教育署八年级(上)期中物理试卷(五四学制)
2015-2016学年上海市浦东新区第四教育署八年级（上）期中物理试卷（五四学制）一、选择题（每题3分，共30分）1．(★★★★)正常情况下，人走两步路的时间约为（）A．100秒B．1秒C．1分钟D．10秒2．(★★★★)下列现象中质量发生变化的是（）A．铁水凝固成铁块B．机器从北京运到海南C．把菜刀表面磨光D．将铁丝通过拉伸机拉长3．(★★★)以下说法正确的是（）A．测量时的误差是不可避免的B．只要测量方法正确就不会有误差C．误差是由于没有遵守操作规则引起的D．多次测量的平均值可以消除误差4．(★★★★)某同学研究摆动周期是否与摆的长度有关的实验，实验中他应该改变的量是（）A．摆球质量B．摆动幅度C．摆线的长度D．摆动周期5．(★★★)某同学到化学实验室时发现一些长度不同、粗细相同的试管．于是他根据所学的声学知识选出几根试管，做成一个“排箫”，吹起优美的乐曲，他是根据（）A．响度与试管长度的关系B．音调与试管长度的关系C．音调与试管材料关系D．音色与试管材料关系6．(★★★★★)当喇叭响起“我和你，心连心，共住地球村…”的男声演唱时，小周和小杨齐声说：“是刘欢在演唱！”他们作出判断的依据是：不同演员声音的（）A．音调不同B．响度不同C．音色不同D．声速不同7．(★★★)下列现象中，属于光的折射现象的是（）A．通过河面看到树木，房屋的倒影B．光线射到不透明的物体上，在物体后面形成的影子C．潜水艇利用潜望镜观看海面上的情况D．人们通过水面，看到水中的鱼8．(★★★★)站在教室里上课的老师听不到自己的回声，其主要原因是（）A．老师讲话声音不够大B．教室里有学生，声音在传播过程中被吸收C．讲台离墙的距离太近，原声和回声混在一起D．教室墙壁完全吸收声波，没有反射，因此无回声9．(★★★)如图所示，画中人出现了错误判断．以下四幅光路图中，能正确说明产生这一现象原因的是（）A．B．C．D．10．(★★)太阳光与水平面成40o，若要使反射光线沿水平方向传播，则平面镜与水平面的夹角应为（）A．只能为20oB．只能为70oC．20o或70oD．20o到70o之间都可以二、填空题（第20题每空2分，其余每格1分，共36分）11．(★★★★)测量首先要有一个大家公认的比较标准，这个标准叫做单位．物理学中，质量是表示物体所含物质多少的物理量，它是物体本身的一种属性．在物理实验室中测量质量的工具是天平．12．(★★★★)家用电器涉及声、光、电、力、热等方面的知识．如：电话涉及电与声的知识，涉及电与热的知识的家用电器有电热水壶，涉及电热光的知识的家用电器有电灯（各举一例）．13．(★★★)世界上第一只摆钟是根据摆的等时性原理制成的，此原理是由意大利科学家伽利略首先发现的．某摆球来回摆动60次所用的时间为2分钟，则该摆球来回摆动一次的时间为 2 秒．14．(★★★)音乐厅正在开音乐会，男中音在放声高歌，女高音轻声伴唱，又有多种乐器伴奏，这时女高音的音调比男中音的高，而男中音的响度比女高音的大，我们闭上眼睛能根据音色能分辨出不同的伴奏乐器．（以上均选填“响度”、“音调”或“音色”）15．(★★★)某次测量活动中，一位粗心同学忘了写单位，请你给他补完整．（1）人正常行走时，一步长约0.8 m ；（2）一节1号电池的高度约0.6 dm ；（3）一位中学生的质量是55 kg ；（4）一袋牛奶的质量约为200 g ；（5）某同学百米赛跑的成绩为14 s ．16．(★★★)在设计、建造电影院时，为了减少“回声”对观众听觉的干扰和影响，应尽量减少四周墙壁对声音的反射（选填“增大”或“减少”），因此电影院内四周墙壁表面要采用柔软多孔的材料（选填“柔软多孔”或“坚硬光滑”）．聋哑人在台上表演“千手观音”时．因为听不到声音，她们将身体紧贴在音箱上，感受音乐的节奏，这是因为声音是由物体的振动产生的．17．(★★★)检查视力时，人与视力表之间的距离应为5米，现因房间太小而使用了一块平面镜，视力表到镜子的距离为3米，如图所示，则人到镜子的距离应为 2 米．图中的同学正在用手示意他所看到的“E”字朝向，其示意的“E”字朝向与视力表中“E”字的实际朝向相同（选填“相同”或“不同”）．18．(★★★)当入射光线与镜面的夹角为20度时，入射角为 70 度，反射角为 70度，光的传播方向改变了 40 度．若要使反射光线与入射光线成直角，则应使入射角减小（选填“增大”或“减小”） 25 度．19．(★★)如图所示是一束光线在空气与某种透明介质的界面上同时发生反射和折射的情况，根据光的反射和折射规律可知 CO 是入射光线， OA 是折射光线，反射角等于 40 度；光线是从空气斜射入透明介质中（最后两格均选填“透明介质”或“空气”）．20．(★★)某同学通过实验探究光在不同介质间传播时的规律，他做了如图（a）、（b）、（c）所示的三次实验．仔细观察图中的实验现象及相关条件，归纳得出初步结论．（1）分析（a）或（b）或（c）表明：当光从空气斜射入其他透明介质中时，折射光线与入射光线分居在法线两侧，折射光线向法线偏折．（2）分析比较（a）、（b）、（c）表明：当光从空气斜射入其他透明介质中时，折射角的大小应与介质有关；介质越疏松，则折射角越大．三、作图题（共9分）21．(★★★★)如图所示，一束光射到平面镜MM′的O点处，请根据光的反射规律画出它的反射光线，标明反射角大小．22．(★★★★)作出图中物体AB在平面镜中所成的像A′B′．（保留作图痕迹）23．(★★)平面镜可以改变光的传播方向，潜望镜就是利用这一原理制成的．如果眼睛要看到发光点S，请在图中画出平面镜的放置情况及发光点S发出的光进入人眼的光路图．四、实验题（每格1分，共25分）24．(★★★★)指出下列图中的实验器材是测量什么物理量的．①A器材用于测量时间；②B器用于测量物体的质量；③C器材的测量值为1.30cm ．25．(★★★)一辆小车后面拖着纸带，在平板上向右运动，如图（a）所示．打点计时器每秒钟打点50次．从打点计时器拉出的纸带上截取一部分，如图（b）所示，A为第一个计时点．（1）打点计时器是测量时间的工具；（2）A、B两点的时间间隔为 0.1 秒；（3）由图（b）可知，小车的运动是越来越快（选填“快”或“慢”）．26．(★★★)在“用天平测质量”的实验中，小华填写的实验报告（部分）如下，请完成空格处的内容．（2）如果测量某物体的质量，砝码的个数和游码的位置如图所示，天平横梁平衡，则该物体的质量是 78 克．（3）小华发现50克的砝码有些磨损，那么他测出物体的质量比物体真实的质量要大（选填大或小）．27．(★★★)根据图中发声体的振动图象，写出相应的变化情况．28．(★★)如图是“探究平面镜成像特点”的情景：竖立的透明玻璃板下方放一把直尺，直尺与玻璃板垂直；两支相同的蜡烛A、B竖立于玻璃板两侧的直尺上，以A蜡烛为成像物体．（1）为便于观察，该实验最好在较黑暗环境中进行（选填“较明亮”或“较黑暗”）；此外，采用透明玻璃板代替平面镜，其目的是为了便于确定像的位置．（2）点燃A蜡烛，小心地移动B蜡烛，直到从玻璃板前的看上去，蜡烛B好像点燃似的，这时发现像与物的大小相等；进一步观察A、B两支蜡烛在直尺上的位置发现，像和物到玻璃板的距离相等．（3）下列操作中能证明平面镜成的是虚像的是 BA．手指放在B蜡烛的火焰上不会被烧疼；B．在蜡烛B位置放一块光屏，光屏上没有出现像C．在玻璃板后贴一张黑纸，从玻璃板前仍能看到像D．将玻璃板移开，像消失了（4）为证实上述有关成像特点是否可靠，你认为应采取下列哪一项操作？②①保持A、B两支蜡烛的位置不变，多次改变玻璃板的位置进行观察②保持玻璃板位置不变，多次改变A蜡烛的位置，进行与上述（2）相同的操作．。
上海市浦东新区第四教育署八年级(下)段考物理试卷(五四学制)(5月份)
体温，则下列哪个温度值可能是小军的测量值（ ）
A．37.0℃
B．37.3℃
C．38.3℃
D．43.0℃
9．（2 分）一根粗细不均的实心圆木横放在水平地面上，用竖直向上的力 F 将其细端略提离
地面，如图所示。若 F＝300 牛，则该圆木的重力可能是（ ）
A．300 牛
B．500 牛
C．600 牛
D．800 牛
24．2；26；高于；放出；35～42；37.6； 25．水平；便于测量力臂，同时消除杠杆自重对
杠杆平衡的影响；处于；左；动力；避免实验次数过少，导致实验结论具有偶然性，便
于从中寻找普遍规律； 26．硝化棉起火燃烧；加快；内；做功；斥；增大； 27．加热
时间；不同质量的同种物质升高相同的温度吸热不同；1、4（或 2、5 或 3、6）；升高相
将鱼提离水面。将鱼竿等效为杠杆，则小猫“左手”握竿处为杠杆的
，“右手”
拉竿的力
鱼线对竿的拉力（选填“小于”、“等于”或“大于”），若小猫为减小“右
手”拉竿的力，可适当
“两手”握竿的距离（选填“增大”或“减小”。）
17．（3 分）某校学生想为减少越来越严重的城市热岛效应献计献策。他们选取了质量相等 的甲、乙两种建筑材料粉末，用完全相同的两套器材进行实验，探究“物体的温度升高 与材料种类的关系”（假设两种材料当加热时间相同时吸收的热量也相同），实验过程及 现象分别如图从左到右分别为（a）、（b）、（c）、（d）所示。请仔细观察实验操作及现象， 归纳得出初步结论。
10．（2 分）甲、乙两杯冷水，质量相同，初温也相同。将质量和初温都相同，但温度比水
高的金属铜球和铝球（c 铜＜c 铝）分别投入两杯冷水中，不计热量损失，水也不溢出，达 到平衡时（ ）
上海市浦东新区第一教育署八年级(下)期中物理试卷(五四学制)
上海市浦东新区第一教育署八年级（下）期中物理试卷（五四学制）一、选择题：（共16分）1．（2分）把2个鸡蛋从地面竖直匀速拿到桌面高度所做的功约为（）A．0.1焦B．1焦C．10焦D．100焦2．（2分）使用机械做功时，下列说法正确的是（）A．功率大的机器做功一定快B．机器做功用时越少，功率一定越大C．功率小的机器做功可能慢D．机器做功越少，功率一定越小3．（2分）分子在不停地做无规则运动，能体现此规律的现象是（）A．细雨濛濛B．树叶凋落C．雪花飞舞D．桂花飘香4．（2分）下列说法中正确的是（）A．凭手的感觉可以准确判断出物体的冷热B．80℃的水比80℃的铁冷C．0℃的水与0℃冰的冷热程度相同D．以上说法都不准确5．（2分）如图所示，属于费力杠杆的是（）A．剪刀B．启瓶器C．镊子D．钢丝钳6．（2分）在图中，分别用力F1、F2、F3匀速提起物体A．若不考虑滑轮重和摩擦，则三个力的大小关系是（）A．F1=F2=F3B．F1=F2＞F3C．F1=F2＜F3D．F1＜F2＜F3 7．（2分）甲、乙两物体质量相同，用力使物体甲以0.8米/秒的速度匀速竖直向上升高H，力做的功为W1，功率为P1．用力使物体乙以0.4米/秒的速度也匀速竖直向上升高H，力做的功为W2，功率是P2．比较功和功率的大小，正确的是（）A．W1=W2P1＞P2B．W1＞W2P1＜P2C．W1=W2P1＜P2D．W1＜W2P1=P28．（2分）如图所示是一根轻质粗细均匀的杠杆，支点为O并标有A、B、C、D 四个点。
若要用它提起某一重物且最省力。
最合适的动力、阻力作用点应在（）A．A和C B．D和C C．A和D D．B和D二、填空题：（共31分）9．（3分）温度是表示物体的物理量。
摄氏温标规定：在标准大气压下，的温度为0℃，的温度为100℃。
10．（3分）在力的作用下绕转动的硬棒叫做杠杆。
使用杠杆时，如果杠杆处于或绕状态，那么杠杆就处于平衡状态。