Paragraph writing 段落写作
高级英语写作：WritingParagraphs
⾼级英语写作：WritingParagraphsWriting Paragraphs1. Argumentative EssayDefinition: In this kind of essay, we not only give information but also present an argument with the PROS (supporting ideas) and CONS (opposing ideas) of an argumentative issue. We should clearly take our stand and write as if we are trying to persuade an opposing audience to adopt new beliefs or behavior. The primary objective is to persuade people to change beliefs that many of them do not want to change.Argumentative or persuasive essays?While some teachers consider persuasive and argument papers to be basically the same thing, it’s usually safe to assume that an argument paper presents a stronger claim—possibly to a more resistant audience.For example: while a persuasive paper might claim that cities need to adopt recycling programs, an argument paper on the same topic might be addressed to a particular town. The argument paper would go further, suggesting specific ways that a recycling program should be adopted and utilized in that particular area.议论⽂是⼀种议论说理的⽂章，以抽象的思维形式，通过运⽤概念、判断、推理等逻辑形式论证和阐述作者的观点，表明作者赞成什么，反对什么。
英语段落写作方法与技巧
Back
Chapter One: The Structure of a Paragraph
2. 段落的主题句
主题句是一个段落中最具概括性的句子。一般包含两个 基本内容：1）本段要讨论的中心人物或事物——即主题词； 2）作者对这个中心人物或事物的态度、观点或见解——即扩 展范围或关键词。 主题句既不能过于概括，也不能过于具体。主题句过于 概括（即过于笼统或题目太大），很难用几句话说清楚，通常 会因为得不到应有的充实而显得空泛无力，从而造成不能有效 地表达主题思想。主题句过于具体（即缺乏概括性的观点）， 则无法展开段落，作者的思想就没有发挥的余地，容易造成对 一个意思的重复描述。
Part Two: Paragraph Writing
Chapter One: The Structure of a Paragraph
1. 段落的主题与主题句 2. 段落的扩展 3. 段落的结尾
Chapter Two: Basic Paragraph Patterns
1. 列举法(Listing) 2. 举例法(Exemplification) 3. 时空顺序法(Time and Space Sequence) 4. 因果分析法(Cause and Effect) 5. 比较对照法(Comparison & Contrast) 6. 分类法(Classification)
Back
Chapter One: The Structure of a Paragraph
3. “转”即转折，用来表示语气的转折
although but despite however 何；然而 in other words instead of
虽然 as opposed to 与……相反 但是 conversely 相反 地 尽管 fortunately 幸运地 无论如 in opposition to 与……相反 换言之 in spite of 相反 luckily 尽管 幸运地
English Writing_ Body Paragraph英语段落写作
Topic Sentence Essentials
Complete Sentence
There are several things you need to remember when writing topic sentences. The first is that topic sentences are always complete sentences.
Example
There are too many controlling ideas to be covered in one paragraph. A good topic sentence should be limited to one controlling idea.
Topic Sentence The advent of the Internet has benefited society through improved communication, access to information, and streamlined commerce.
indent ________________________ . ____________________. _____________________. _________________________. ____________________________. ____________________. ______________________. ______________________________.
Supporting Sentences
Definition
Every paragraph has sentences that relate to the ideas in the topic sentence. These sentences are called supporting sentences. Look at the supporting sentences on the next page to see how the writer provided more information on the subject in the topic sentence.
5-paragraph Essay 英语五段式作文
5-paragraph EssayIntroductory paragraphThe introductory paragraph should also include the thesis statement, a kind of mini-outline for the essay. This is where the writer grabs the reader's attention. It tells the reader what the paper is about. The last sentence of this paragraph must also include a transitional "hook" which moves the reader to the first paragraph of the body of the essay.Body - First paragraphThe first paragraph of the body should include the strongest argument, most significant example, cleverest illustration, or an obvious beginning point. The first sentence should contain the "reverse hook" which ties in with the transitional hook at the end of the introductory paragraph. The subject for this paragraph should be in the first or second sentence. This subject should relate to the thesis statement in the introductory paragraph. The last sentence in this paragraph should include a transitional hook to tie into the second paragraph of the body.Body - Second paragraphThe second paragraph of the body should include the second strongest argument, second most significant example, second cleverest illustration, or an obvious follow up the first paragraph in the body. The first sentence of this paragraph should contain the reverse hook, which ties in with the transitional hook at the end of the first paragraph of the body. The topic for this paragraph should be in the first or second sentence. This topic should relate to the thesis statement in the introductory paragraph. The last sentence in this paragraph should include a transitional hook to tie into the third paragraph of the body.Body - Third paragraphThe third paragraph of the body should include the weakest argument, weakest example, weakest illustration, or an obvious follow up to the second paragraph in the body. The first sentence of this paragraph should contain the reverse hook, which ties in with the transitional hook at the end of the second paragraph. The topic for this paragraph should be inthe first or second sentence. This topic should relate to the thesis statement in the introductory paragraph. The last sentence in this paragraph should include a transitional concluding hook that signals the reader that this is the final major point being made in this essay. This hook also leads into the concluding paragraph.Concluding paragraphThe fifth paragraph is the summary paragraph. It is important to restate the thesis and three supporting ideas in an original and powerful way as this is the last chance the writer has to convince the reader of the validity of the information presented.This paragraph should include the following:1.an allusion to the pattern used in the introductory paragraph,2. a restatement of the thesis statement, using some of the originallanguage or language that "echoes" the original language. (Therestatement, however, must not be a duplicate thesis statement.)3. a summary of the three main points from the body of the essay.4. a final statement that gives the reader signals that the discussionhas come to an end. (This final statement may be a "call to action"in a persuasive essay.)Example1Stephen King, creator of such stories as Carrie and Pet Sematary, stated that the Edgar Allan Poe stories he read as a child gave him the inspiration and instruction he needed to become the writer that he is. 2Poe, as does Stephen King, fills the reader's imagination with the images that he wishes the reader to see, hear, and feel. 3His use of vivid, concrete visual imagery to present both static and dynamic settings and to describe people is part of his technique. 4Poe's short story "The Tell-Tale Heart" is a story about a young man who kills an old man who cares for him, dismembers the corpse, then goes mad when he thinks he hears the old man's heart beating beneath the floor boards under his feet as he sits and discusses the old man's absence with the police. 5In "The Tell-Tale Heart," a careful reader can observe Poe's skillful manipulation of the senses.The introductory paragraph includes a paraphrase of something said by a famous person in order to get the reader's attention. The second sentence leads up to the thesis statement which is the third sentence. The thesis statement (sentence 3) presents topic of the paper to the reader andprovides a mini- outline. The topic is Poe's use of visual imagery. The mini- outline tells the reader that this paper will present Poe's use of imagery in three places in his writing: (1) description of static setting;(2) description of dynamic setting; and (3) description of a person. The last sentence of the paragraph uses the words "manipulation" and "senses" as transitional hooks.1The sense of sight, the primary sense, is particularly susceptible to manipulation. 2In "The Tell-Tale Heart," Poe uses the following image to describe a static scene: "His room was as black as pitch with the thick darkness . . ." Poe used the words "black," "pitch," and "thick darkness" not only to show the reader the condition of the old man's room, but also to make the reader feel the darkness." 3"Thick" is a word that is not usually associated with color (darkness), yet in using it, Poe stimulates the reader's sense of feeling as well as his sense of sight.In the first sentence of the second paragraph (first paragraph of the body) the words "sense" and "manipulation" are used to hook into the end of the introductory paragraph. The first part of the second sentence provides the topic for this paragraph--imagery in a static scene. Then a quotation from "The Tell-Tale Heart" is presented and briefly discussed. The last sentence of this paragraph uses the expressions "sense of feeling" and "sense of sight" as hooks for leading into the third paragraph1Further on in the story, Poe uses a couple of words that cross not only the sense of sight but also the sense of feeling to describe a dynamic scene. 2The youth in the story has been standing in the open doorway of the old man's room for a long time, waiting for just the right moment to reveal himself to the old man in order to frighten him. 3Poe writes: "So I opened it [the lantern opening]--you cannot imagine how stealthily, stealthily--until, at length, a single dim ray, like the thread of the spider, shot from out the crevice and fell full upon the vulture eye." 4By using the metaphor of the thread of the spider (which we all know is a creepy creature) and the word "shot," Poe almost makes the reader gasp, as surely did the old man whose one blind eye the young man describes as "the vulture eye."The first sentence of the third paragraph (second paragraph of the body) uses the words "sense of sight" and "sense of feeling" to hook back into the previous paragraph. Note that in the second paragraph "feeling" came first, and in this paragraph "sight" comes first. The first sentence also includes the topic for this paragraph--imagery in a dynamic scene. Again, a quotation is taken from the story, and it is briefly discussed. The last sentence uses the words "one blind eye" which was in the quotation. Thisexpression provides the transitional hook for the last paragraph in the body of the paper.1The reader does not know much about what the old man in this story looks like except that he has one blind eye. 2In the second paragraph of "The Tell-Tale Heart," Poe establishes the young man's obsession with that blind eye when he writes: "He had the eye of the vulture--a pale blue eye, with a film over it." 3This "vulture eye" is evoked over and over again in the story until the reader becomes as obsessed with it as does the young man. 4His use of the vivid, concrete word "vulture" establishes a specific image in the mind of the reader that is inescapable.In the first sentence of the fourth paragraph (third paragraph in the body), "one blind eye" is used that hooks into the previous paragraph. This first sentence also lets the reader know that this paragraph will deal with descriptions of people: ". . . what the old man looks like . . .." Once again Poe is quoted and discussed. The last sentence uses the word "image" which hooks into the last paragraph. (It is less important that this paragraph has a hook since the last paragraph is going to include a summary of the body of the paper.)1"Thick darkness," "thread of the spider," and "vulture eye" are three images that Poe used in "The Tell-Tale Heart" to stimulate a reader's senses. 2Poe wanted the reader to see and feel real life. 3He used concrete imagery rather than vague abstract words to describe settings and people. If Edgar Allan Poe was one of Stephen King's teachers, then readers of King owe a debt of gratitude to that nineteenth-century creator of horror stories.The first sentence of the concluding paragraph uses the principal words from the quotations from each paragraph of the body of the paper. This summarizes those three paragraphs. The second and third sentences provide observations which can also be considered a summary, not only of the content of the paper, but also offers personal opinion which was logically drawn as the result of this study. The last sentence returns to the Edgar Allan Poe-Stephen King relationship that began this paper. This sentence also provides a "wrap-up" and gives the paper a sense of finality.5 paragraph essay topics are not limited to anything, as anything can be discussed in this type of essay. You can choose the essay topic that you know the most about, for example:•Economic Power of the US•The Best City in The World•My Grandfather•My First Teacher•What is the Green House Effect •Teaching Techniques。
partlvwriting的英语作文
Partial Writing in English CompositionIn the realm of English composition, partial writing, often referred to as part-writing or paragraph writing, plays a pivotal role in honing one's writing skills. This approach involves focusing on specific sections or paragraphs of a larger composition, allowing writers to delve deeper into individual ideas, arguments, or descriptions. By concentrating on specific parts, writers can ensure that each segment is crafted with precision and clarity, contributing to the overall coherence and effectiveness of the composition.The beauty of partial writing lies in its flexibility and adaptability. Whether it's a narrative essay, an argumentative piece, or a descriptive text, partial writing can be applied to enhance the quality of each individual section. For instance, in a narrative essay, the author might choose to focus on crafting an engaging opening paragraph that captivates the reader's attention. In an argumentative piece, partial writing could involve honing the logic and persuasiveness of specific paragraphs that present key arguments or counterarguments.Moreover, partial writing encourages a more focused and iterative approach to writing. Instead of attempting to write the entire composition in one sitting, writers can break it down into smaller, more manageable parts. This not only makes the writing process less daunting but also allows for easier revision and refinement.Writers can focus on each part, ensuring that it meets their expectations and standards, before moving on to the next.Additionally, partial writing fosters a sense of creativity and experimentation.Writers are encouraged to push the boundaries of their writing, to explore new ideas and express themselves freely within the confines of each individual part. This creative freedom can lead to more innovative and engaging compositions that stand out from the crowd.In conclusion, partial writing is an essential skillfor any writer seeking to improve their English composition abilities. It allows writers to focus on specific sections, ensuring clarity and coherence, while fostering creativity and experimentation. By breaking down the writing process into smaller, more manageable parts, writers can hone theirskills, refine their ideas, and produce more engaging and effective compositions.**部分写作在英语作文中的应用**在英语作文中，部分写作，也称为分段写作或段落写作，对于磨练写作技巧起着至关重要的作用。
英语作文如何分段格式及范文
英语作文如何分段格式及范文英文回答：Paragraph Structure and Formatting.A paragraph is a unit of writing that develops a single main idea. It typically consists of the following elements:Topic sentence: The first sentence of the paragraph that states the main idea.Supporting sentences: Sentences that provide evidence, examples, or explanations to support the main idea.Concluding sentence: A sentence that summarizes the main idea or transitions to the next paragraph.Paragraph formatting.Indentation: The first line of each paragraph isindented to indicate the start of a new unit of thought.Single spacing: Paragraphs are single-spaced, with a double space between paragraphs.Font and size: The paragraph should be written in the same font and size as the rest of the text.Paragraph transitions.Transitions help to connect paragraphs and guide the reader through the text. Some common transitional words and phrases include:Addition: also, furthermore, moreover.Contrast: however, but, on the contrary.Cause and effect: therefore, because, as a result.Time: next, first, finally.Example Paragraph.Topic sentence: The rise of social media has had a significant impact on the way we communicate.Supporting sentence 1: Social media has made it possible to connect with people from all over the world, regardless of geographic distance.Supporting sentence 2: It has also provided a platform for people to share their thoughts and ideas, and to engage in discussions with others who share their interests.Concluding sentence: While social media has undoubtedly had some negative consequences, its potential for connecting people and fostering communication cannot be denied.中文回答：段落结构和格式。
英语写作CHAPTER 1段落写作
CHAPTER 1PARAGRAPH WRITINGIf you look at any printed prose book, you will see that each chapter is divided up into sections, the first line of each being usually indented slightly to the right. These sections are called Paragraphs. Chapters, essays and other prose compositions are broken up into paragraphs, to make the reading of them easier, for the beginning of a new paragraph marks a change of topic, or a step in the development of an argument or of a story. In writing essays or other compositions, it is important to know how to divide them properly into paragraphs; for an essay not so broken up, looks uninteresting and is not easy to read.Definition:- A paragraph is a number of sentences grouped together and relating to one topic; or, a group of related sentences that develop a single point.These definitions show that the paragraphs of a composition are not mere arbitrary divisions. The division of a chapter into paragraphs must be made according to the changes of ideas introduced. There is, therefore, no rule as to the length of paragraphs. They may be short or long according to the necessity of the case. A paragraph may consist of a single sentence, or of many sentences.(Note.-In this respect, the paragraphs of a piece of prose differ from the stanzas or verses of a poem. The stanzas of a poem are usually of the same length and pattern; but paragraphs are long or short according to the amount of matter to be expressed under each head).PRINCIPLES OF PARAGRAPH STRUCTURE1. UNITY:- The first and most important principle to be observed in constructing a paragraph is that of Unity. Just as each sentence deals with one thought, each paragraph must deal with one topic or idea- and with no more than one. In writing an essay, for example, every head, and every sub-head, should have its own paragraph to itself. And every sentence in the paragraph must be closely connected with the main topic of the paragraph. The paragraph and every part of it must be the expression of one theme or topic.(Note:- A good practice is to read a chapter in a book, and give a short heading or title to each paragraph, which will express in a word or brief phrase the subject of the paragraph).The topic, theme or subject of a paragraph is very often expressed in one sentence of the paragraph - generally the first. This sentence is called the topical sentence (because it states the topic), or the key-sentence (because it unlocks or opens the subject to be dealt with in the paragraph).2.ORDER:- The second principle of paragraph construction is Order - that is, logical sequence of thought or development of the subject. Events must be related in the order of their occurrence, and all ideas should be connected with the leading idea and arranged according to their importance or order.(Note:- The two most important sentences in the paragraph are the first and the last. The first, which should as a rule be the topical sentence, should arouse the interest ofthe reader; and the last should satisfy it. The first, or topical, sentence states the topic - a fact, a statement, or a proposition; the last should bring the whole paragraph on this topic to a conclusion, or summing up).3.VARIETY:- A third principle of paragraph construction is Variety; by which is meant that, to avoid monotony, the paragraph of composition should be of different lengths, and not always of the same sentence construction.To sum up:- the essentials of good paragraph construction are - (1) Unity. (2) A good topical sentence. (3) Logical sequence of thought. (4) Variety. (5) A full and rounded final sentence in conclusion.EXAMPLESNow let us examine a few paragraphs by standard authors, in illustration of these principles of paragraph construction.1. “Hence ... it is almost a definition of a gentleman to say he is one who never inflicts pain(强加痛苦给别人). This description is both refined and, as far as it goes, accurate. He is mainly occupied in merely removing the obstacles which hinder the free and unembarrassed action of those about him; and he concurs(同时发生，共同作用) with their movements rather than takes the initiative himself. His benefits may be considered as a parallel to what are called comforts or conveniences in arrangements of a personal nature, like an easy chair or good fire, which do their part in dispelling cold and fatigue, though nature provides both means of rest and animal heat（体温）without them.” - J.E. Newman.This is a paragraph from Cardinal Newman's famous description of a “Gentleman” in his The Idea of a University. Notice that the paragraph is confined to one point in the character of a gentleman, which is clearly stated in the first, or topical sentence, viz.(=namely), that "he is one who never inflicts pain." The rest of the paragraph is simply a development and illustration of the topical sentence. And the concluding sentence drives home the statement of the subject with its similes of the easy chair and the good fire.2. "The Road is one of the great fundamental institutions of mankind. Not only is the Road one of the great human institutions because it is fundamental to social existence, but also because its varied effects appear in every department of the State. It is the Road which determines the sites of many cities and the growth and nourishment of all. It is the Road which controls the development of strategies and fixes the sites of battles. It is the Road that gives framework to all economic development. It is the Road which is the channel of all trades, and, what is more important, of all ideas, In its most humble function it is a necessary guide without which progress from place to place would be a ceaseless experiment; it is a sustenance(食物；营养) without which organized society would be impossible, thus the Road moves and controls all history." - Hilaire Belloc.In this paragraph, the first sentence states the subject. It is the topical sentence. The body of the paragraph consists of examples which prove the statement in the first sentence. The final sentence sums up the whole.3. "Poetry is the language of the imagination and the passions. It relates to whatever gives immediate pleasure or pain to the human mind. It comes home to the bosoms and businesses of men; for nothing but what comes home to them in the most general and intelligible shape can be a subject for poetry. Poetry is the universal language which the heart holds with nature and itself. He who has a contempt for poetry cannot have much respect for himself, or for anything else. Wherever there is a sense of beauty, or power, or harmony, as in the motion of a wave of the sea, in the growth of a flower, there is poetry in its birth." - William Hazlitt.Here again, the first sentence is the topical sentence. The sentences that follow enforce or restate the statement that "poetry is the language of the imagination and the passions"; and the concluding sentence reinforces it by showing that poetry exists wherever men feel a sense of beauty, power or harmony.In all these paragraphs, the principles of Unity and Order are observed, and also the general rules about the place of the topical sentences and the rounding off the whole with a good conclusion.To round off sth with sth’: to end sth by doing sth that provides a clear or satisfactory conclusion to it.THE WRITING OF SINGLE PARAGRAPHSSo far we have been treating of paragraphs which are sections of a more or less lengthy composition, like an essay or the chapter of a book. But students are often asked in examinations to write short separate paragraphs, instead of essays, on subjects of ordinary interest. Such single paragraphs are really miniature essays; but the same principles as we have discussed above (except the principle of variety), must be followed in their construction. Each paragraph must be a unity, treating of one definite subject, and must follow a logical order of thought. In most cases, too, the rules about the topical sentences and the conclusion should be borne in mind.A few examples should make this clear. Suppose, for example, you are asked to write a paragraph on “The Cat.” It is obvious that you cannot treat this subject fully, as you might in a long essay. And yet you must, according to the principle of unity, confine your paragraph to one definite topic. You must, therefore, choose one thing to say about a cat, and stick to it throughout. You might, for example, write of one characteristic of the cat, say, its love of comfort and attachment to its home. In that case, you might write a paragraph something like this:- The CatThere is some truth in the common saying that while dogs become attached to persons, cats are generally attached to places. A dog will follow his master anywhere, but a cat keeps to the house it is used to; and even when the house changes hand, the cat will remain there, so long as it is kindly treated by the new owners. A cat does not seem to be capable of the personal devotion often shown by a dog. It thinks most of its own comfort and its love is only cupboard love.Notice the construction of this paragraph. It begins with the topical sentence, which clearly states the subject. The following sentence explains the statement by expanding it; and the last sentence, by giving a reason for the attachment of a cat to a particular house forms a fitting conclusion. The paragraph is therefore a Unity, treating of one characteristic of cat character: and it follows an orderly plan. The paragraph on the cat is descriptive. Now take an example of a narrative paragraph, in which you are required to tell a story. Suppose the subject is to be a motor-car accident; you might treat it in this way:-A Motor-Car AccidentIt is the mad craze for speed that is responsible for many motor accidents. Only last year I witnessed what might have been a fatal accident on the Kashmir Road. I was motoring down from Srinagar; and as I was nearing Kohala, I came upon the wreckage of two cars on the road. The smash had been caused by a car coming down, which swept round a sharp corner at forty mites an hour and crashed into a car coming up. Happily no one was killed; but several were badly injured, and the two cars were wrecked. To drive at such a speed down a twisting mountain road is simply to court(招致) disaster.In this paragraph, the topical sentence is again first; the narrative that follows is simply an illustration of the statement in the topical sentence that many accidents are caused by a mad craze for speed; and the concluding sentence sums the paragraph up by a restatement of the topical sentence in other words.The following is an example of a reflective paragraph; that is, one that expresses some reflection or thought on an abstract subject:-MercyTo forgive an injury is often considered to be a sign of weakness; it is really a sign of strength. It is easy to allow oneself to be carried away（带走，使着迷）by resentment and hate into an act of vengeance（报仇）; but it takes a strong character to restrain those natural passions. The man who forgives an injury proves himself to be the superior of the man who wronged him, and puts the wrong-doer to shame. Forgiveness may even turn a foe into a friend. So mercy is the noblest form of revenge.The topical sentence of a paragraph is usually the first, or at latest the second; and this is the best place for it. But for the sake of variety it may be placed in a different position. In this paragraph, it comes last - "So mercy is the noblest form of revenge". But the opening sentence is also a good introduction to the subject, and is calculated to arouse interest by stating an apparent paradox.To sum up:- In writing single paragraphs, the principles of Unity and Order must be kept in mind, and also the rules of the topical and concluding sentences. The language should be simple, the style direct, and the sentences short; and, as a paragraph is limited, all diffuseness（冗长累赘）must be avoided.Exercise 1.Write short paragraphs on the following subjects:-1. A Rainy Day.2. A Walk.3. The Cow.17. The Elephant.21. Revenge.。
英语段落写作
How to Write a Good Topic Sentence
• Registering for college classes can be a frustrating experience for new students.
• Television benefits young children in three major ways.
How to Write a Good Topic Sentence
• 试分析下列的主题句：
例1 The Women’s Movement has had several effects on the English language.
在这个主题句中，表达主题思想的关键词是several effects，它规定了谈论的主题和内容。为了论证这个 主题思想，作者应提供具体细节或实例来回答这样的问 题：“What reasons did I have for saying several effects?” 有可能列出以下原因：
段落写作
段落是文章内容中具有一个完整意义的外部表现形 态，是文章结构的基本单位。段落通常由若干个对 一个主要观点展开论述的相互关联的句子组成。但 段落并非是句子的随意堆砌，句子内容之间应该具 有连贯和逻辑性。段落表达的内容应该是单一的， 一个段落只能表达一个意思，而不能把意思上互不 相关的句子堆砌在一起，造成段落内容的庞杂错乱 ；段落表达的内容应该是完整的，一个意思应当尽 量集中在一个段落里陈述，最好不要分割成两段或 几段，而使段落内容支离破碎。
英语写作之Paragraph
Direction: here, there, over there, beyond, nearly, opposite, under, above, to the left, to the right, in the distance
Addition: also, again, as well as, besides, coupled with, furthermore, in addition, likewise, moreover, coupled with, together with
Consequence: accordingly, as a result, consequently, for this reason, for this purpose, hence, otherwise, so then, subsequently, therefore, thus, wherefore
Steps in Writing a Paragraph
Step 1: Give a topic sentence (Think of the theme or main idea, and express it in a complete sentence)
Step 2: Think of the details or examples or facts that may be used to support or explain the main idea.
The central theme is usually summarized in the topic sentence.
paragraph_writing 段落写作
How to achieve paragraph unity?
• Begin with a discussible point and express it in a topic sentence. • Stick to this single point throughout, that is, all other sentences should be about this point. • Prove or develop the point; don’t merely repeat it. • Link your sentences to make your ideas easy to follow.
How to write an ideal topic sentence?
• Make a single point. (A paragraph that tries to deal with two topics at the same time confuses the reader.)
• Make a discussible point. (A topic sentence should state your own opinion, point of view, or feelings on the topic, not a fact. It should give you something to say.)
• Paragraph 2
The tradition of exchanging gifts at Christmas is practiced differently in different families. In my family, for example, we exchange wrapped presents on Christmas Eve after dinner. On Christmas Day there are also gifts from Santa Claus under the tree for my sister and me. Santa Claus has been bringing such gifts to our house since I was a child, and my sister and I like the tradition so well that even though we’re now grown-up, we’ve asked him never to stop. In my best friend Jane’s family, on the other hand, the gifts are not opened on Christmas Eve but on Christmas Day. Santa Claus stopped coming by their house once the children became teenagers. The gifts to each other, however, are not labeled, so you never know who gives what. Nevertheless, one thing stays the same: both families enjoy the spirit of Christmas equally,
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Teaching Plan for English Writing
Short Composition Writing
Week 6
Mar 29, 2012
I. Teaching Aims:
1. Help the students learn how to write a topic sentence.
2. Help the students learn how to organize a paragraph.
3. Help the students learn how to keep all the sentences in a paragraph coherent.
II. Teaching Procedure:
First Period:
1.Homework feedback. (15 min)
Show two compositions about “A Lesson I’ve Learned” written by the students themselves and make a comment on them.
2. What is a good paragraph? ( 10 min)
smaller units in a passage
composed of a group of sentences with the first sentence indented
all of the sentences based on a core idea, that is, supporting and developing a single idea
topic sentence: state the core idea
supporting sentences: developing the idea
3. Topic Sentence:
1) What is a topic sentence? Read the examples on Pg. 3, and then complete the
rest according the topic given.(10 min)
Topic sentence= a topic + a controlling idea showing one specific aspect of the topic more general than the other sentences in the paragraph
more important than the other sentences in the paragraph
2) Complete the exercise on Pg. 4. (5 min)
3) The features of a good topic sentence: (10 min)
It’s a complete sentence.
It contains a topic and a controlling idea.
It is neither too general nor too specific.
It tells the reader what to expect to read in the paragraph.
Second Period:
4. Organizational Structure of a Paragraph
1) Answer the questions following the sample paragraph writing, and then summarize
the organizational structure of a paragraph. (10 min)
2) The organizational structure of a paragraph: (10 min)
Three positions for the topic sentence: at the beginning; at the end; in the middle
If there is no topic sentence at the end of a paragraph, there should be a concluding sentence there, which either restate the controlling idea or draw an inference.
A paragraph is not complete if it is not properly ended.
5. Unity
1) What is Unity(cohesion) ? (5 min)
The essential quality of a good paragraph.
It’s about how to select the appropriate and enough details to develop and support the topic sentence.
Unity make sure all the supporting sentences are about the controlling idea of the paragraph.
Unity means the paragraph does not include the unnecessary details, nor does it turn off in unexpected directions.
2) Complete the exercise on Pg. 6-7. (15 min)
6. Coherence (10 min)
1) What is coherence?
Coherence is concerned with the form of the expressions. It makes sure that all the sentences of a paragraph are so closely related to one another that the train of thoughts is orderly and never abrupt. There are no gas or confusing leaps between ideas.
2) Read the four sample writings and then answer all the questions following them.
3) The techniques to achieve coherence:
1) repetition of key words and phrases
2) transitional signals
3) reference
4) repetition of sentence patterns
III. Homework:
Write a paragraph the advantages or disadvantages of having a mobile phone.。