第三讲 代词和连词
英语文法基础:名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词、代词的定义

英语文法基础:名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词、代
词的定义
1. 名词:包括专有名词、普通名词和集合名词,需要注意可数名词与不可数名词,以及存在复数形式变化。
2. 动词:包括动词原形、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。
需要注意谓语动词的人称和数的变化,以及不规则动词的变化。
3. 形容词:常用的有级形容词、比较级形容词和最高级形容词。
需要注意其定义词语和搭配用法。
4. 副词:修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,常用来表达时间、程度、频率等。
需要注意副词的正确使用和搭配。
5. 介词:表示位置、方向和关系的词语,常见的有基本介词和固定短语介词。
需要注意其正确使用方法。
6. 连词:用于连接句子成分的词语,常见的有并列连词、因果连词和递进连词等。
需要注意其紧凑表达的特点。
7. 代词:用于替换名词和代替句子成分的词语,常见的有人称代词、物主代词和指示代词等。
需要注意其正确使用及变化形式。
另外,除了上述的词汇基础以外,还要注意句子的结构,加强语法的理解和运用,例如:
1. 动宾关系:主动词一般和及物动词相搭配,主表结构中的主语一般跟谓语动词构成谓语,而被动词则需要搭配助动词be。
2. 时态:掌握各个时态的正确使用和选择,并能熟练运用它们。
3. 从句:包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句等,需要注意语序和连接词的选择。
4. 语气:根据句子的不同结构,采用不同语气来表达,例如祈使句是用来做命令性指示的,因此要用肯定语气。
第三讲代词、介词、连词、冠词

2012初三英语语法讲义(三)代词、介词、连词、冠词(教师)一、代词1.定义:为避免重复而用来代替前文提到的名词的词2.分类:共八类,分别为人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词(-self)、指示代词(this, that, these, those), 疑问代词(wh-),不定代词(some,any及其与thing,body构成的复合词等等),相互代词(each other, one another)和关系代词。
3.人称代词的重难点:1)不同人称代词的顺序问题a.单数人称代词并列作主语和宾语时,其顺序为: you,he/she and I;you ,him/her and me(宾格)b.复数人称代词作主语和宾语时,其顺序为:we,you and they;(主格);us,you and them注意:在下列情况中,第一人称放在前面。
a. 在承认错误,承担责任时。
It was I and John that made her angry.(我和约翰)b. 在长辈对晚辈,长官对下属说话时,如长官为第一人称。
I and you try to finish it.(我和你)2) it 的特别用法a.作形式主语或宾语It’s necessary to buy that dictionary.I consider it important to ask the teacher. (不用that)b. it表示时间,天气,季节,距离,还可以指代上文内容。
It rains all the year.Professor Lee gave us a lecture yesterday. It was of great interest.3) 人称代词单独使用时,常用宾格而不是主格。
-- I’d like to stay here for another week. -- Me too. (I)4. 物主代词的重难点:1) 形容词性物主代词起形容词作用,后面一定要有(有/没有)名词;名词性物主代词相当于名词,后面一定没有(有/没有)名词。
英语语法第三讲 代词、it的用法和连词

高考总复习·人教版· 高考总复习·人教版·英语
(2)one a.泛指,代前面出现过的名词单数,避免重复。 (用ones代替前面出现过的复数名词)。可用 this/that/each/which及形容词修饰,也可与冠词连用,或带后 置定语。如: He has no child, and he wants to adopt one. 他没有孩子,想认养一个。 b.作不定代词时,可以泛指人。意为;“一个人,一种人”。如: One should do one’s duty.人人应该尽责。 比较:There was a piano in the shop, so I decided to buy it at once. (it 特指上文出现的piano, 与piano是同一事物) I wanted to buy a house and I’d like one with a garden. (one=a house)
高考总复习·人教版· 高考总复习·人教版·英语
4.few,a few,quite a few,many修饰可数名词,little, a little,quite a little,much修饰不可数名词。 5.another泛指另一个,the other特指两个中的另一个, others泛指“其他”,后不带名词,other后带名词复数, the others指特定范围中其他的人或物,后不带名词。 This coat doesn't fit me. Will you show me another? Thirty students in our class are girls, and the others are boys.
高考总复习·人教版· 高考总复习·人教版·英语
高考总复习·人教版· 高考总复习·人教版·英语
英语名词,代词,数词,介词和连词用法及习题答案

第一节名词及名词专项练习一、名词的定义名词是表示人、事物、地点、现象及其他抽象概念等名词的词。
名词分为普通名词和专有名词。
普通名词又分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。
二、可数名词和不可数名词(一)可数名词1. 一般情况下直接加sbook—books cup—cups bag—bags face—faces2. 以辅音字母+y结尾的,先变y为i再加escity— cities family—families county—counties baby—babies3. 以s、x、sh、ch结尾的加esbus—buses wish—wishes watch—watches glass—glasses4. 以o结尾的,加s 或eszoo—zoos potato—potatoes photo—photos tomato—tomatoes5. 以f、fe 结尾的,先变f、fe为v 再加esleaf—leaves thief—thieves s helf—shelves life—lives6. 少数名词的复数形式是不规则的woman—women man—men child—children foot—feet7. 单数和复数形式相同means —means deer—deer fish—fish sheep—sheep8. 某国人的复数a. 中、日不变Chinese—Chinese Japanese—Japaneseb. 英、法变Englishman—Englishmen Frenchman—Frenchmenc. 其余后面加s American—Americans German—Germans(二)不可数名词1. 不能直接用数字表数量;2. 不能直接加a或an;3. 没有复数形式;4. 可用some、any、lots of、plenty of 、much 修饰;5. 可用“量词短语”表示,数量的表示方法:a / 数字+ 量词+ of + 不可数名词a piece of paper a cup of tea a glass of milk三、名词的所有格(一)’s 所有格1. 用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系时,只在最后一个名词后加’s。
词类:代词、介词、连词、语气词2

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第三讲 代词,it和连词

There is nothing interesting to see here.
7、 both, either, neither, all, any, ther (两者中任何一个), neither (两者都不)。 以上词使用范围为两个人或物。 Neither of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都不聪明。 注意 both,either 的用法区别: both与复数连用,either与单数连用。 街道两旁都有花。 There are flowers on both sides of the street. There are flowers on either side of the street.
短语: one… the other 一个…另一个… one… another,another… some… others,others… 有的…有的…还有的…
5. another / other / the other / others / the others 1:Young people may grow quickly in some ways and more slowly inC ____. A. the other B. some other C. others D. these others 2: One of the sides of the board should be C painted yellow, and ____. A. the other is white B. another white C. the other white D. another is white
Test
1.地球大约是月球的50倍大。 The earth is about fifty times as big as the moon. 2.这所大学十分之三的学生来自南方。 Three students out of ten in this university come from the south. 3.那个男孩买了几十支铅笔。 The boy bought dozens of pencils. 4.他30多岁时去了美国。 He went to America in his thirties. 5.今天他救了 一个3岁的小孩。 He saved a three-year old child today.
导学案答案:第三讲词类

导学案答案:第三讲词类第三讲词类【学习目标】1.知识目标:了解和掌握现代汉语的词类系统。
2.能力目标:①能够正确判断词的词性;②能够辨析易混词类。
3.情感、态度、价值观目标:通过该讲的学习使学生深入了解现代汉语的词类系统,为提高学生个人母语素养以及他们日后正确传授语言知识奠定基础。
【重点和难点】1.词类系统及各类词的语法特征。
2.正确判断每个词的词性。
3.辨析易混词类和易混词。
【学法指导】1.课前阅读纸质教材《现代汉语》下册7页-43页,并完成后面的预习要求。
2.通过课中学习和讨论,梳理该讲内容。
3.课后进行总结,构建知识体系。
【课前预习】一、什么是词类?划分词类的标准是什么?举例说明。
词类:词的语法分类,即为了弄清词的语法功能和用法、说明语句的组织规律而对词进行的分类。
词类的划分标准:主要标准是词的语法功能,次要标准是词的形态,参考标准是词的意义。
例略。
二、在括号里填入合适的词,并指出属于什么词类,以及什么小类。
1.我的(一)个战友来了。
(数词)2.他去过三(次)上海。
(量词)(动量词)3.我不(干)这种事。
(动词)4.青年们要到(西部)去。
(名词)5.桌子(上)有什么?(方位名词)6.我们在路上碰到了三个(人)。
(名词)7.他刚刚走(下)山。
(趋向动词)8.他会干这种事(吗)?(语气词)9.你给我的书我看完了,(这)是我近年来最喜欢的一本书。
(指示代词)10.这个人非常(好)。
(形容词)三、标明下列各组词的词性。
坚决——决心(形-名/动)可爱——热爱(形-动)荣誉——光荣(名-形)企图——意图(动/名-名/动)答案——答应(名-动)气愤——气魄(形-名)批语——批示(名-名/动)残杀——残忍(动-形)诱饵——诱惑(名-名/动)兴奋——兴趣(形-名)安心——担心(形-动)道歉——抱歉(动-形)安慰——欣慰(形/动-形)感激——激动(动-形/动)四、注明下列句中粗体词的词性。
1.我们马上开始这项工作。
英语之中名词、代词、动词、形容词、冠词、数词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词讲课讲稿

(一)1、名词名词(Nouns)是词性的一种,也是实词的一种,是指待人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。
名词可以独立成句。
在短语或句子中通常可以用代词来替代。
2、代词是代替名词的一种词类。
大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。
英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。
3、动词,就是用来形容或表示各类动作的词汇。
基本上每个完整的子句都有一个动词,要表示第二个动作时可使用不定词、动名词、对等连接词、从属连接词或增加子句等方法连结。
根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类。
4、形容词形容词【adjective】很多语言中均有的主要词类中的一种。
主要用来修饰名词的词,表示事物的特征5、冠词的定义冠词是置于名词之前,对名词起限制作用的一种虚词。
冠词可以说是名词的一种标志,它不能离开名词而独立存在。
冠词的分类冠词分为不定冠词"a,an"、定冠词"the"和零冠词三种6、数词表示"多少"和"第几"的词,叫数词。
其用法相当于名词或者形容词。
数词分为基数词和序数词两种。
表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词,数词分为基数词和序数词。
7、副词(Adverb)副词的定义: 副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。
8、介词的定义和特征介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。
在句中不能单独作句字成分。
介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。
(二)1、名词,人或事物的名称3、代词,代替名词或者数词(比如some就是代替数目)3、动词,动作或状态4、数词,表示数目或顺序(比如序数词,5th就是表示顺序)5、形容词,人或事物的性质或状态(因为形容词一般修饰名词)6、副词,动作的特征或性状特征(因为副词一般修饰动词或形容词)7、冠词,表示名词的泛指或特指8、介词,表示名词或代词与其他词的关系(因为介词后面一半紧跟名词,代词或其他名词性结构)9、连词,连接词与词,短语与短语,句子与句子10、感叹词,表示说话时的感情或语气(三)1、adj. / a. 形容词用来描述一类物质的性质,状态,外貌,或人的性格特点,性质,品格如:big,happy2、adv. / ad. 副词用来修饰动作或形容词,一般在句子中做状语用表示动作的进行怎样,或表示程度,特点,如:clearly,happily3、prep. 介词连接地点,时间的一类词语,可以表示方位,时间.跟一些表示时间,地点的词连用表示介词词组如:in,to,on,under4、conj. 连词用来连接时间,地点,原因,结果的一类词语如:when,beacuse,so5、num. 数词表示数字的词,既可以是基数词,也可以是序数词如:one,two,first6、int. 感叹词表示感叹的一类词,一般不加一解释,只代表感叹如:what,how,haurray7、vt. 及物动词(后面要加宾语)行为动作的词如:do,finish,play8、vi. 不及物动词(后面不加宾语)表示行为动作的词如:appear9、n. 名词表示物体,物质的词如:pig,cow,man10、pron. 代词代指一类人,事或物的词如:he,she,hers,his,things11、art = 冠词,article的缩写(四)在英语语法中主要把词分为8大类:1.名词:表示人、物或地方等,如:John,teacher;table,pen;London;beauty.2.代词:用来代替名词,以避免重复某个名词,如:I,you,it,that,those,them.3.形容词:用来修饰或限制某个(些)名词,如:good(man),white (paper),every(book),much(water),(John is)hon-est,(He seems)lazy.被修饰或限制的名词,叫做主体词(head-word)。
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8.Don’t judge a book by its cover and we should read it carefully. 9.Everyone may make mistakes in his life.He should try his best not to repeat them. 10.On Christmas Eve,Santa Claus usually puts the children’s presents in their socks. 11.The book is mine because I wrote my name on it. 12.If you want to buy another ticket,you’ll have to pay another 100 yuan. 13.I’ll take both of the cameras,one for my brother,and the other for Jim. 14.Everybody may have a chance to be successful if he works hard.
第三讲代词和连词 代词
一、根据句意用适当的代词填空。
1.I can’t find my ruler.May I use yours ,Jenny? 2.There are my classmates,I get along well with them . 3.When facing difficulties,what you should do is to believe in yourself . st week the students went skating and enjoyed themselves very much. 5.It can’t be Alice’s hair band. Hers is yellow. 6.Their lifestyle is quite different from ours .We should learn to respectdifferences. 7.“I didn’t think about myself but saved others when the accident happened.”the driver said.
连词 一、用方框中所给的连词填空。每词限用一次。
but,if,so that,before,unless 1.You won’t feel happy at school unless you get on well with your
classmates. 2.The little boy saved every coin so that he could buy his mother a
made in Japan. 4.Our mother earth gives us everything (一切事物) we need in our daily life. 5.Henry was happy because all (所有) of his three sons came back home on Father’s Day.
listening to pop music. 8.I didn’t realize I had left my homework at home until (直到) I got to
school. 9.My grandfather was ninety years old when (当……时候) I was born.
gift. 3.To make your work perfect,you’d better not start before you get
everything ready. 4.Our eyesight will become poorer and poorer if we keep playing with
phones.
5.Mexican and Tex-Mex foods were popular in the USA, but now Chinese food has more fans.
二、根据句意及中文提示填空。
1.My neighbor asked me whether(是否) I heard the big noise last night or not. 2.We must go back to work, or (否则) we won’t finish the task on time. 3.He studies hard all the time, so (因此) he has made rapid progress in many ways. 4. Since (自……以来) she has got fatter in recent days,she decided to join a sports club. 5.Unless (除非) you have tried it on,you can’t imagine how pretty the new style skirt is.
15.— Whose is the blue bike? —Jane’s.She bought it last Sunday.
二、根据句意及中文提示完成句子。
1.I made a call to you and Tony yesterday,but neither (两者都不) of you answered me. 2.No matter what happens,we should believe ourselves (我们自己) and keep working hard. 3.The cars made in Germany are more expensive than those (那些 )
10.—Did you call Michael back? —I didn’t need to, becaБайду номын сангаасse (因为) I’ll see him tomorrow.
三、根据句意用适当的连词填空。
1.—Chinese government sent two pandas,Ruyi and Dingding to Russia several days ago. —The relationship between China and Russia will be closer than before,I think. 2.—Will you please give this message to Helen? —Sure.I’ll give it to her as soon as she arrives here. 3.—I can hardly believe my eyes.Is that you,Lucy? —Yes.It has been almost 20 years since we were together. 4.It is such a beautiful garden that we like to play in it.
to get some water there.Suddenly James fell into a river.Jack saved 5. him at once.When he felt all right,James wrote on a stone,“Today my best friend Jack saved 6. my life.”Jack was very surprised and asked James,“After I hurt you,you wrote in the sand and now you write on the stone.Why?” James replied,“When 7. someone hurts us,we should write 8. it down in the sand.Then the wind of forgiveness can blow it away.But when someone does anything good for 9. us ,we mustwrite it on the stone,so no wind can blow it away.” Since then,the two good friends have never quarreled with 10. each other again.
5.Basketball has a history of nearly 300 years.Today it is still loved by both the young and the old. 6.I have only two tickets of Kung Fu. Either you or he can go with me. 7. Not only his partner but also he has been to Paris,so they know Paris well. 8.—Is your WeChat account safe? —Yes,even my father can’t use it unless I tell him the password. 9.Tom kept himself in silence though/although he was very angry. 10.—What’s the weather like in Kunming,Lucy? —It’s neither hot nor cold.So Kunming is called “the Spring City”.
6.There’re four bedrooms in the house, each(每一个) with its own shower. 7.Sir, someone(有人) called you just now.I told him to phone again 20 minutes later.