2008(B)
2008年广东高考英语试题(附答案)

2008年普通高校招生统一考试广东B卷(英语)I 听力(共两节,满分35分)第一节听力理解(5段共15小题,每小题2分,满分30分)每段播放两遍。
各段后有几个小题,各段播放前每小题有5秒钟的阅题时间。
请根据各段播放内容及其相关小题,在5秒钟内从题中所给的A、B、C项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
听第一段对话,回答第1—3题。
1.What is Jack worried about when he starts college?A His former classmates will graduate this year.B His time off will put him at a disadvantage.C He will have to practice a lot.2. After how many years did Susan return to college?A Three yearsB Two yearsC One year3. What advice does Susan give Jack about his study?A Don’t expect to catch on quickly.B Don’t take the English major.C Don’t take too many courses.听第二段对话,回答第4—6题。
4.What does the man think of Chinatown in San Francisco?A It’s larger than his own town.B It’s like any other town.C. It’s the best in the U.S.5. Why does the Chinese New Year change every year?A It’s based on the different calenda rs.B It’s in the extra month.C It’s set as a holiday.16. In what year was the man born?A Year of the Rooster.B Year of the Pig.C Year of the Ox听第三段独白,回答第7—9题。
07~08普通物理B(上)(B卷)试卷及答案

安徽大学2007—2008学年第 2 学期《普通物理B (上)》考试试卷(B 卷)(闭卷 时间120分钟)一、选择题(每小题3分,共30分)1.如图所示,质量为m 的物体A 用平行于斜面的细线连结置于光滑的斜面上,若斜面向左方作加速运动,当物体开始脱离斜面时,它的加速度的大小为(A) g sin θ.(B) g cos θ.(C) g ctg θ. (D) g tg θ.[ ]2.如图所示,假设物体沿着竖直面上圆弧形轨道下滑,轨道是光滑的,在从A 至C 的下滑过程中,下面哪个说法是正确的?(A) 它的加速度大小不变,方向永远指向圆心. (B) 它的速率均匀增加. (C) 它的合外力大小变化,方向永远指向圆心. (D) 它的合外力大小不变.(E) 轨道支持力的大小不断增加. [ ]3.已知两个物体A 和B 的质量以及它们的速率都不相同,若物体A 的动量在数值上比物体B 的大,则A 的动能E KA 与B 的动能E KB 之间(A) E KB 一定大于E KA . (B) E KB 一定小于E KA .(C) E KB =E KA . (D) 不能判定谁大谁小. [ ] 4.如图所示,一质量为m 的小球,由高H 处沿光滑轨道由静止开始滑入环形轨道.若H 足够高,则小球在环最低点时环对它的作用力与小球在环最高点时环对它的作用力之差,恰为小球重量的(A) 2倍. (B) 4倍.(C) 6倍. (D) 8倍. [ ]5.在边长为a 的正方体中心处放置一点电荷Q ,设无穷远处为电势零点,则在正方体顶角处的电势为(A)aQ 034επ .(B) a Q032επ.A R院/系 年级 专业 姓名 学号答 题 勿 超 装 订 线------------------------------装---------------------------------------------订----------------------------------------线----------------------------------------(C)a Q 06επ. (D) aQ012επ . [ ]6.如图所示,边长为a 的等边三角形的三个顶点上,分别放置着三个正的点电荷q 、2q 、3q .若将另一正点电荷Q 从无穷远处移到三角形的中心O 处,外力所作的功为(A) a qQ 023επ . (B) aqQ 03επ.(C)a qQ 0233επ. (D) aqQ 032επ. [ ]7.电荷之比为1∶3∶5的三个带同号电荷的小球A 、B 、C ,保持在一条直线上,相互间距离比小球直径大得多.若固定A 、C 不动,改变B 的位置使B 所受电场力为零时,AB 与BC 的比值为(A) 5. (B) 1/5.(C)5. (D) 1/5. [ ]8.一半径为R 的薄金属球壳,带电荷-Q .设无穷远处电势为零,则球壳内各点的电势U 可表示为(041επ=K ) (A) R Q KU -<. (B) RQ K U -=. (C) R Q KU ->. (D) 0<<-U RQK . [ ] 9.在图(a)和(b)中各有一半径相同的圆形回路L 1、L 2,圆周内有电流I 1、I 2,其分布相同,且均在真空中,但在(b)图中L 2回路外有电流I 3,P 1、P 2为两圆形回路上的对应点,则(A) =⎰⋅1d L l B⎰⋅2d L l B, 21P P B B =(B) ≠⎰⋅1d L l B⎰⋅2d L l B, 21P P B B =. (C) =⎰⋅1d L l B⎰⋅2d L l B, 21P P B B ≠.(D) ≠⎰⋅1d L l B⎰⋅2d L l B, 21P P B B ≠. [ ]10.在感应电场中电磁感应定律可写成t l E LK d d d Φ-=⎰⋅ ,式中K E 为感应电场的电场强度.此式表明(A) 闭合曲线L 上K E处处相等.(B) 感应电场是保守力场.q2L1 2I 3(a)(b)⊙(C) 感应电场的电场强度线不是闭合曲线.(D) 在感应电场中不能像对静电场那样引入电势的概念. [ ]二、填空题(共30分)11.图中,沿着半径为R 圆周运动的质点,所受的几个力中有一个是恒力0F ,方向始终沿x 轴正方向,即i F F00=.当质点从A 点沿逆时针方向走过3/4圆周到达B 点时,力0F所作的功为W = .12.在半径为R 的定滑轮上跨一细绳,绳的两端分别挂着质量为m 1和m 2的物体,且m 1 > m 2.若滑轮的角加速度为β,则两侧绳中的张力分别为T 1 = ,T 2 = . 13.一块木料质量为45 kg ,以 8 km/h 的恒速向下游漂动,一只10 kg 的天鹅以 8 km/h 的速率向上游飞动,它企图降落在这块木料上面.但在立足尚未稳时,它就又以相对于木料为2 km/h 的速率离开木料,向上游飞去.忽略水的摩擦,木料的末速度为 . 14.质量m 的小球,以水平速度0v与光滑桌面上质量为M 的静止斜劈作完全弹性碰撞后竖直弹起,则碰后斜劈的运动速度值v = ;小球上升的高度h = .15.由一根绝缘细线围成的边长为l 的正方形线框,使它均匀带电,其电荷线密度为λ,则在正方形中心处的电场强度的大小E = .16.在点电荷+q 和-q 的静电场中,作出如图所示的三个闭合面S 1、S 2、S 3,则通过这些闭合面的电场强度通量分别是:Φ1= ,Φ2= ,Φ3= .17.一个孤立导体,当它带有电荷q 而电势为U 时,则定义该导体的电容为C = ,它是表征导体的 的物理量.18.一质量为m ,电荷为q 的粒子,以速度0v垂直进入均匀的稳恒磁场B 中,电荷将作半径为的圆周运动.19.两根无限长直导线互相垂直地放着,相距d =2.0×102 m ,其中一根导线与z 轴重合,另一根导线与x 轴平行且在Oxy 平面内.设两导线中皆通过I =10 A 的电流,则在y 轴上离两根导线等距的点P 处的磁感强度的大小为B = .(μ0 = 4π×10-7N ·A -2)三、计算题(共40分)1 2 320.(本题10分)A 、B 、C 为质量都是M 的三个物体,B 、C 放在光滑水平桌面上,两者间连有一段长为0.4 m 的细绳,原先松放着.B 、C 靠在一起,B 的另一侧用一跨过桌边定滑轮的细绳与A 相连(如图).滑轮和绳子的质量及轮轴上的摩擦不计,绳子不可伸长.问:(1) A 、B 起动后,经多长时间C 也开始运动?(2) C 开始运动时速度的大小是多少?(取g =10 m/s2)21.(本题5分)一绝缘金属物体,在真空中充电达某一电势值,其电场总能量为W 0.若断开电源,使其上所带电荷保持不变,并把它浸没在相对介电常量为 r 的无限大的各向同性均匀液态电介质中,问这时电场总能量有多大?22.(本题5分)有二根导线,分别长2米和3米,将它们弯成闭合的圆,且分别通以电流I 1和I 2,已知两个圆电流在圆心处的磁感强度大小相等.求圆电流的比值I 1 / I 2.23.(本题5分)图示相距为a 通有电流为I 1和I 2的两根无限长平行载流直导线.(1) 写出电流元11d l I 对电流元22d l I的作用力的数学表达式;(2) 推出载流导线单位长度上所受力的公式.24.(本题5分)一边长为a 和b 的矩形线圈,以角速度ω 绕平行某边的对称轴OO '转动.线圈放在一个随时间变化的均匀磁场t B B ωsin 0 =中,(0B为常矢量).磁场方向垂直于转轴, 且时间t =0时,线圈平面垂直于B ,如图所示.求线圈内的感应电动势ε,并证明ε的变化频率f '是B的变化频率的二倍.25.(本题10分)如图所示,一根长为L 的金属细杆ab 绕竖直轴O 1O 2以角速度ω在水平面内旋转,O 1O 2在离细杆a端L /5处.若已知地磁场在竖直方向的分量为B,求ab 两端间的电势差b a U U -.I I 21d l I22d l IB⊗b安徽大学2007—2008学年第 2 学期《普通物理B (上)》(B 卷)考试试题参考答案及评分标准一、选择题(共30分)1.C 2.E 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.B 9.C 10.D二、填空题(共30分)11.(本题3分)-F 0R 3分12.(本题4分))(1βR g m -2分)(2βR g m + 2分13.(本题3分)5.45 km/h 3分14.(本题5分)0v Mm2分202v Mgm M - 3分 15.(本题3分)0 3分16.(本题3分)q / ε01分0 1分-q /ε01分17.(本题3分)C = q / U 2分 储电能力 1分18.(本题3分))/(0B q m v 3分19.(本题3分)2.82×10-8T 3分三、计算题(共40分)20.(本题10分)解:(1) 设A ,B 间绳中张力为T ,分别对A 、B 列动力学方程M A g –T =M A a 1分T =M B a 1分解得 a =Mg / (M A +M B ) 由 M A = M B = M a =21g 1分 设B 、C 之间绳长为l ,在时间t 内B 物体作匀加速运动,有 l =21at 2=gt 2/4 , t=g l /4=0.4 s 2分 (2) B 和C 之间绳子刚拉紧时,A 和B 所达到的速度为v =at =21gt =21×10×0.4=2.0 m/s 令B 、C 间拉紧后,C 开始运动时A 、B 、C 三者的速度大小均变为V ,由动量定理(设三者速度变化过程中T AB 为AB 间绳中平均张力,T BC 为BC 间绳中平均张力,τ为过程时间)M A VM A v = –T AB ·τ (∵M A g<<T AB ) 2分M B V – M B v =T AB ·τ–T BC ·τ 1分 M C V – 0 = T BC ·τ 1分得 (M A + M B + M C )V = ( M A + M B ) vV =33132)(.M M M M C B A B A ==+++v M v m/s 1分21.(本题5分)解:因为所带电荷保持不变,故电场中各点的电位移矢量D保持不变, 又 rr r w D D DE w εεεεε0200202112121====3分 因为介质均匀,∴电场总能量 r W W ε/0=2分22.(本题5分)解: 11012R I B μ=, 22022R I B μ=3分由 21B B = 得 2211//R I R I =∴3222212121=ππ==R R R R I I 2分23.(本题5分)解:(1) 12212d d B d l I F ⨯=31212110224d d r r l I l I π⨯⨯=μ 3分(2) )2/(d d 1022a I l I F π=μ∴aI I l F π=2d d 2102μ 2分 24.(本题5分)解:设线圈的面积矢量S 在t =0时与0B平行,于是任意时刻t , S 与0B 的夹角为ωt ,所以通过线圈的磁通量为0sin cos m B S B t ab t ωωΦ==⋅⋅⋅t ab B ω2sin 210=2分 故感应电动势 0d /d cos 2m t B ab t εωω=-Φ=- 2分ε的正绕向与S的方向成右手螺旋关系,ε的变化频率为π=π='2222ωωf B的变化频率为 π=2/ωf∴ f f 2=' 1分25.(本题10分) 解:Ob 间的动生电动势4/54/510(v )d d L L B l Bl l εω=⨯⋅=⎰⎰225016)54(21BL L B ωω== 4分 b 点电势高于O 点. Oa 间的动生电动势/5/520(v )d d L L B l Bl l εω=⨯=⋅⎰⎰22501)51(21BL L B ωω== 4分 a 点电势高于O 点.∴ 22211165050a b U U BL BL εεωω-=-=-221035015BL BL ωω-=-= 2分答 题 勿 超 装 订 线------------------------------装---------------------------------------------订----------------------------------------线----------------------------------------。
20春北京中医药大学《护理心理学B(2008版)》平时作业2答案43647

北京中医药大学《护理心理学B(2008版)》平时作业2单选题1.以下哪一项不属于个性倾向性()A.需要B.动机C.兴趣D.注意E.信念答案:D2.世界上第一个心理学实验室建立的地点是()A.德国柏林大学B.美国芝加哥大学C.英国剑桥大学D.德国莱比锡大学E.美国斯坦福大学答案:D3.以下哪一项不符合心理现象的实质()A.大脑是产生心理的器官B.客观现实是心理活动的源泉和内容C.大脑对客观现实的反映带有主观色彩D.心理活动可以不依赖于人体而独立存在E.社会化是心理发展的必要条件答案:D4.以当前为终点,综合采用多种研究方法追溯既往的研究方式是()A.横向研究B.纵向研究C.前瞻性研究D.回顾性研究E.抽样研究答案:D5.从远距离观察某一棵树时,虽然落在视网膜上的成像会较小,但并不改变我们对其实际大小的知觉,这是因为知觉的()A.理解性B.整体性C.选择性D.恒常性E.错觉答案:D6.以下哪一项属于瞬时记忆系统()A.情绪记忆B.短时记忆C.信息编码D.感觉记忆E.操作记忆答案:D7.心境是一种()A.迅速的情绪状态B.积极的情绪状态C.较短暂的情绪状态D.具有弥漫性的情绪状态E.强烈的情绪状态答案:D8.自觉确定目的,调节自身行动,克服困难的心理过程是()A.认识过程B.人格倾向性C.情感过程D.意志过程E.人格特征答案:D9.以下哪一项不是气质的体液学说分类()A.多血质B.胆汁质C.抑郁质D.平衡质E.粘液质答案:D10.人们欣赏自然景色、赞美祖国山河、鉴赏艺术作品时的内心体验属于()A.情绪B.道德感C.理智感D.美感E.性格答案:D11.情感与情绪相比较,更具有()A.先天性B.明显的行为变化C.明显的生理变化D.稳定性和深刻性E.冲动性答案:D12.关于自我意识,错误的是()A.对自己本身的意识B.包括自我认识和自我评价C.包括自我情感体验D.初生婴儿就有自我意识E.自我意识的形成和发展是个体社会化的过程。
中医妇科学B(2008)第一次作业

《中医妇科学B》第1次作业1. 胞宫的别称是: [1分]A.子门B.血脏C.子处D.胞络E.胞门2. 妇女一生的生理特点主要有: [1分]A.经、带、孕、产、乳B.经、带、乳、杂、孕C.经、带、胎、产、杂D.经、孕、胎、产、杂E.经、孕、产、育、带3. 妊娠恶阻患者,其口腔有烂苹果味,其辨证多属: [1分]A.气虚证B.阴虚证C.阳虚证D.阴阳两虚证E.气阴两虚证4. 下列对于女性生理的描述,不正确的是: [1分]A.月经周期在21~35天之间B.带经期为3~7天C.妊娠时间为300天左右D.月经初潮年龄不超过16岁E.分娩后30分钟内即可令新生儿吸吮乳头5. 子门是指: [1分]A.处女膜B.阴道口C.宫颈口D.阴道壁E.子宫6. “益火之源,以消阴翳”指的是: [1分]A.补益肾气B.温肾调冲C.温肾助阳D.滋肾益阴E.温阳健脾7. 关于妊娠,下列哪项是错误的? [1分]A.月经停止来潮B.常有恶心呕吐、不能进食等早孕反应C.脉象滑疾流利D.孕四五月后,孕妇可自觉胎动E.孕早期乳房开始增大、发胀8. 《列女传》中记载了最早的什么理论? [1分]A.冲任B.胞宫C.妇女生理D.妇科病理E.胎教9. 若月数已足,腹痛或作或止,腰不痛者,此名: [1分]A.正产B.试胎C.弄胎D.临盆E.转胞10. 《内经》记载第一个治疗妇科疾病的药方—四乌贼骨一藘茹丸的主治是: [1分]A.月经后期B.月经先期C.安胎D.血枯闭经E.崩漏11. 朱丹溪提出的安胎妙药是: [1分]A.黄芩、白术B.黄芩、苍术C.山药、白术D.川断、白术E.黄芩、山药12. 关于胞宫的功能,下列哪项不正确? [1分]A.主行月经B.排泻恶露C.种子育胎D.产生天癸13. 健脾和胃法最常用于哪项疾病? [1分]A.阻病B.经间期出血C.逆经D.月经先后无定期E.癥瘕14. 生活失度导致妇科病不包括: [1分]A.饮食不节B.劳逸失常C.内伤七情D.房劳多产E.跌扑损伤15. “男女同姓,其生不蕃”,指出近亲结婚不利于后代,这一优生学观点出自于何书? [1分]A.《史记》B.《诗经》C.《山海经》E.《曲礼》16. 望妇人月经量多,色淡红,质稀,其辨证多属: [1分]A.血虚证B.肾虚证C.肝郁证D.气虚证E.血热证17. 最早记载妇产科药物的书籍: [1分]A.《史记》B.《诗经》C.《曲礼》D.《内经》E.《神农本草经》18. 常用健脾法不包括下列哪项? [1分]A.健脾养血B.健脾理气C.健脾除湿血E.健脾升阳19. 下列哪项不是补益肾气的常用方? [1分]A.肾气丸B.寿胎丸C.归肾丸D.加减苁蓉菟丝子丸E.六味地黄丸20. 下列的妇科专著哪个不属于明代? [1分]A.《万氏妇人科》B.《广嗣纪要》C.《女科撮要》D.《傅青主女科》E.《景岳全书•妇人规》21. 常用阴道纳药法所治疾病,下列哪项不正确? [1分]A.阴道炎B.宫颈糜烂C.阴疮垂E.阴痒22. 关于冲脉,下列哪项是错误的? [1分]A.冲为十二经之海B.冲为血海C.是气血运行的要冲D.是人体妊养之本E.冲脉为月经之本23. 望妇人形神,若肢冷汗出,面色苍白,神志淡漠,甚至昏不知人,多见于: [1分]A.妇科血证B.妇科热证C.妇科寒证D.妇科痛证E.妇科痫证24. 关于早孕的诊断依据,不应包括下列哪项? [1分]A.带下量多色黄C.有早孕反应D.胞宫增大E.乳房胀大25. 胞宫在行经期、分娩时,其功能特点是: [1分]A.既藏又泻B.泻而不藏C.藏而不泻D.似脏非脏E.似腑非腑26. 产褥期是指: [1分]A.产后5~6周B.产后3~5周C.产后4~5周D.产后6~8周E.产后8~10周27. 我国现存最早的医学著作: [1分]A.《内经》B.《金匮要略》C.《胎产书》D.《经效产宝》E.《千金要方》28. 通过胞脉、胞络直接与胞宫相联系的脏腑是? [1分]A.肝、肾B.心、脾C.心、肺D.脾、肾E.心、肾29. 七情内伤所导致的妇科病,以……为害尤甚? [1分]A.喜、怒、忧B.怒、思、恐C.悲、恐、惊D.怒、忧、恐E.喜、忧、思30. 古人所称“大满月”是指: [1分]A.产后7日B.产后1月D.产后100日E.产后90日31. 下列哪项不属调血法的常用治法? [1分]A.补血养血B.调经止血C.清热凉血D.清热解毒E.活血化瘀32. 在月经产生的过程中,起主导作用的是: [1分]A.肝B.脾C.肾D.冲任E.胞宫33. 我国现存最早医书中对女子生理、病理有较系统论述的是: [1分]A.《经效产宝》B.《内经》D.《金匮要略》E.《诸病源候论》34. 下列关于月经的描述哪一项不正确? [1分]A.月经初潮约14岁B.月经周期约28天C.带经期为3~7天D.经血总量为50~80毫升E.经血无臭味,夹较多大血块35. 关于新产后和哺乳期的生理特点哪一项是错误的? [1分]A.有恶露的排出,1月左右干净B.有轻度发热、自汗等症状C.小腹轻微阵痛D.有乳汁分泌E.生理性闭经36. 首先将妇产一门列入全书首卷的医书是: [1分]A.《金匮要略》B.《外台秘要》C.《千金要方》E.《诸病源候论》37. 在生理状态下,滑利脉象除见于妊娠期外,还见于: [1分]A.月经间期B.月经期C.月经后期D.产褥期E.哺乳期38. 关于天癸,下列哪项是错误的? [1分]A.天癸就是月经B.先有天癸后有月经C.先肾气盛而后天癸至D.天癸男女都有E.天癸是一种物质39. 调补冲任的代表方是: [1分]A.大补元煎B.温经汤C.保阴煎D.二仙汤E.补中益气汤40. 妇科外治法不常用于: [1分]A.带下病B.阴痒C.回乳D.痛经E.月经失调41. 身体无病,月经1年来潮1次,称为: [1分]A.居经B.并月C.季经D.避年E.激经42. 女子生理缺陷的螺、纹、鼓、角、脉,即“五不女”的论述出自于: [1分]A.《万氏妇人科》B.《广嗣纪要》C.《景岳全书》D.《经效产宝》E.《达生篇》43. 肝气郁结所导致的疾病,下列哪项是错误的? [1分]A.月经先后无定期B.妊娠腹痛C.经行乳胀D.缺乳E.月经过多44. 中医提出的临产调护六字真言是: [1分]A.休息、忍痛、临盆B.睡、忍痛、慢临盆C.忍、休息、慢临盆D.睡觉、忍耐、临盆E.睡、勿慌、慢临盆45. 受孕之初,按月行经而无损于胎儿的称: [1分]A.季经B.居经C.漏胎D.垢胎E.暗经46. 妇人形体肥胖,皮肤粗糙,毛发浓密,多为: [1分]A.肾阳不足,痰湿阻滞B.气滞血瘀,痰湿阻滞C.肾气虚衰,冲任失养D.脾气虚弱,痰湿阻滞E.脾气虚弱,水湿泛溢47. 妇女产后阴道排出的余血浊液称: [1分]A.经血B.经漏C.恶露D.胎漏E.胞漏48. 月经产生的中心环节是: [1分]A.脏腑、气血、冲任、胞宫B.肾、天癸、气血、带脉C.肾、天癸、冲任、胞宫D.脏腑、气血、冲任、天癸E.肾、天癸、气血、胞宫49. 肝经湿热下注,导致带下、阴痒等病,代表方为: [1分]A.丹栀逍遥散B.清肝止淋汤C.龙胆泻肝汤D.调肝汤E.柴胡疏肝散50. 以下哪项与寒邪无关: [1分]A.月经后期B.痛经C.闭经D.崩漏E.不孕症51. 问月经史主要问月经的: [1分]A.期、量、色、质B.期、量、色、味C.量、色、质、味D.期、量、伴随症状E.期、色、味、质52. 下列哪项不是妇科常用治法: [1分]A.活血化瘀B.补益气血C.解毒杀虫D.峻下逐水E.理气行滞53. 预产期的计算是从: [1分]A.末次月经结束那天算起B.受孕前月排卵期算起C.基础体温升高那天算起D.末次性生活日期算起E.末次月经来潮第一天算起54. 妊娠全程应为: [1分]A.32周B.34周C.38周D.40周E.42周55. 身体无病,月经定期两个月来潮1次,称为: [1分]A.居经B.并月C.季经D.暗经E.激经。
2008年11月北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统考(B卷)题_真题(含答案与解析)-交互

2008年11月北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统考(B卷)题(总分100, 做题时间120分钟)Part I Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:Not all memories are sweet. Some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences. Violence and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars. Often they relive these experiences in nightmares(恶梦)(76)Now Americal researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people forget bad memories.The pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience. They hope it might reduce, or possibly erase(抹去) the effect of painful memories.In November, experts tested a drug on people in theUSandFrance. The drug stops the body releasing chemicals that fix memories in the brain. (77)So far the research has suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are erased.The research has caused a great deal of argument. Some think itis a bad idea, while others support in.Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers troubling memories after war. They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories.“Some memories can ruin people’s lives. **e back to you when you don’t want to have them in a daydream or nightmare they **e with very painful emotions,” said Roger Pitman, a professor of psychiatr y atHarvardMedicalSchool. “this could relieve a lot of that suffering.”But those who are against the research say that it is very dangerous to change memories because memories give us our identity(特质). They also help us all avoid the mistakes of the past.“All of us can think of bad events in our lives that werehorr ible at the time but make us who we are, I’m not sure we want to wipe those memories out, ” said Rebecca Dresser, a medical ethicist.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.The passage is mainly about________.A a new medical inventionB a new research on memoriesC a way of erasing painful memoriesD an argument about the research on the pill该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL2.The drug tested on people can________.A cause the brain to fix memoriesB stop people remembering their experiencesC prevent body producing certain chemicalsD wipe out the emotional effects of memories该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL3.We can infer from the passage that________.A people doubt the effects of the pills.B the pill will stop people’s and experiences.C taking the pill will do harm to people’s healthD the pill has probable been produced inAmerica该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL4.Which of the following does Rebecca Dresser agree with?A Some memories can ruin people’s livesB people want to get rid of bad memories.C Experiencing bad events makes us different from others.D The pill will reduce people’s suffering from bad memories.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL5.The word “scars” in Paragraph one is close in meaning to ________.A good storiesB painsC experiencesD memories该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:BPassage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:On-the-job smoking is a hot issue for both smokers and non-smokers, and many managers now see smoking as a productivity(生产力)problem. Although some people question whether smoking really affects one’s productivity, it has, in fact been proven that a smoker costs a company more than a non-smoker. According to professor William Weis, a smoking employee costs his or her employer about $5,700 more a year than a never-smoker. These costs include medical care, lost earnings and insurance. And absence due to smoking breaks is one of the productivity problems, yet it accounts for a great deal of employer costs.(78)When the issue of smoking at the workplace is discussed, perhaps the most important problem is the health risk that smoking causes to both smokers and never-smokers. It has long been proventhat smoking is linked to lung cancer. Now many healty experts warn that passive smoking can cause lung cancer and other illnesses in healthy never-smokers. Passive smoking can be defined as exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke in enclosed areas. Anyone who has been with smokers indeed knows that their smoke can cause eye irritation(刺激),coughing, headaches and throat soreness. While eye irritation may seem a small thing to some smokers, it nevertheless is a problem that occurs every workday in offices and break-rooms and can lead to greater health problems. Employees who do not smoke should not be subjected(遭受)to the risks of passive smoking and need to be able to work in a safe environment. Surgeon General Koop states that theright of the smoker stops at the point where his or her smoking increases the disease risk of those occupying the same environment.SSS_SINGLE_SEL6.All the following cases are on-the-job smoking except that__________.A an employer smokes while working in the officeB A taxi driver smokes while driving the carC A worker smokes while working in the workshopD a worker smokes while reading in the train该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL7.According to the passage, on-the-job smoking affects an employee’s performance in the office in that________.A he can’t concentrate on what he is doing while smokingB he often goes away from his desk to smoke in the break-roomC he often asks for sick leave as a result of too much smokingD he takes a rest from time to time because of eye irritation该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL8.Many managers do not seem to be in favor of on-the-job smoking mainly because it________.A reduces productivity of **pany to a certain degreeB does harm to the health of never-smokers of **panyC affects the relationship between smokers and non-smokersD makes the break-rooms more crowded and more polluted该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL9.Passive smoking means_______.A never-smokers take up the habit of smoking unwillinglyB never-smokers have to put up with the active smokersC never-smokers share an enclosed area with smokersD never-smokers share an enclosed area with smokers该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL10.In the second part of the passage, the author suggests banning(禁止)on-the-job smoking so as to________.A cut down costs of medical care and insuranceB Create a healthy and safe working environmentC prevent eye irritation from becoming a big health problemD improve the smoking employees’ work efficiency该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:BPassage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:Scientists in India have invented a new way to produce electricity. Their invention does not get its power from oil, coal or other fuels, it produces electricity with the power of animals. India has about eighty million bullocks. They do all kinds of jobs. They work in the fields. They pull vehicles through the streets. They carry water containers.(79)Indian energy officials have been seeking ways to use less imported oil to provide energy. Scientists at the National Institute for Industrial Engineering in Bombay(孟买)wondered whether the millions of bullocks could help. Many villages in India lack electricity, but they have many bullocks. And often the animails are not working. One job done by bullocks is to pump water out of the well. The animals do this by walking around and around in a circle. As they walk, they turn a heavy stick that makes the pump move. This simple technology is centuries old. Scientists thought that the same technology could be used to produce electricity. Bullocks walk in a circle only two or three times a minute. This is much too slow to produce electricity, but it can create enough power to turn a series of gears(齿轮). A large gear sits next to a smaller gear. As the large gear turns it causes the smaller gear to turn. That gear turns an even smaller one. Each gear moves faster because it is a little smaller. The smallest gear may turn extremely fast. (80)clocks operate with gears. So do cars and so does the device invented by he Indian scientists to produce electricity.According to the officials in the United Nations, the idea is being tested at several places in India. The device is easy to operate and repair. And it can be moved easily. It costs about threehundred and seven dollars now to make such a device, but production of large numbers of them could cut the cost of each to about two hundred dollars.SSS_SINGLE_SEL11.who first thought of using bullocks to provide energy?A Indian energy officialsB Scientists in IndiaC Officials in the United NationsD Researchers in Europe该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL12.which kind of job that the bullocks do is NOT mentioned in the passage?A Pulling vehicles.B Plowing fieldsC Pumping water out of wellsD Carrying food baskets.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL13.why are bullocks used to provide energy in India?A Because bullocks have long been used by Indian peopleB Because bullocks walk slowly and are easy to control.C Because there are few non-working bullocks in IndiaD Because there is not enough oil in India.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL14.In the sentence “This simple technology is centuries old” in Paragraph One, “This simple technology” refers to ___________.A using bullocks to produce energyB using pumps to draw water outC having bullocks walk around to make the pump moveD connecting gears of different sizes to produce electricity该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL15.Which of the following is true about the device mentioned in the passage?A It has a large gear and a smaller gear.B It’s easy to use, but difficult to move.C It’s quite cheap.D It’s still being tested.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:DPart II Vocabulary and Structure(30%)Directions: In this part there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE answer that **pletes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.16.For the sake of her daughter’s health, she decided to move to a warm________.SSS_SINGLE_SELA weatherB temperatureC seasonD climate该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D17.Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not. You may get ___ by a car.SSS_SINGLE_SELA run outB run overC run awayD run after该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:B18.____ some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless.SSS_SINGLE_SELA Strangely enoughB Enough strangelyC Strange enoughD Enough strange该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:A19.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple. But it remains ________ whether they will enjoy it.SSS_SINGLE_SELA to seeB to be seenC SeeingD seen该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:B20.–You seem to show interest in cooking.-- What? ________ I’m getting tired of it.SSS_SINGLE_SELA On the contraryB To the contraryC On the other handD To the other hand该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:A21.These wild flowers are so special that I would do ________ I can to save them.SSS_SINGLE_SELA whateverB thatC whichD whichever该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:A22.Time will ________ whether I made the right choice or not.SSS_SINGLE_SELA seeB sayC tellD know该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C23.Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carrage ________ the girl and took her away, ________ into the woods.SSS_SINGLE_SELA Seizing; disappearedB seized; disappearedC seizing; disappearingD seized; disappearing该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D24.It suddenly ________ me how we could improve the situation.SSS_SINGLE_SELA occurredB tearedC shookD struck该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D25.Was it because he was ill ________ he asked for leave?SSS_SINGLE_SELA soB whenC whyD that该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D26.John likes Chinese food. But he ________ eating with chopsticks.SSS_SINGLE_SELA is used toB used toC isn’t used toD didn’t used to该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C27.Fujian Province lies ____ the east of China and Taiwan is ___ the east of Fujian.SSS_SINGLE_SELA in; inB to; inC to; toD in; to该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D28.For John this was the beginning of a new life, ____he thought he would never see.SSS_SINGLE_SELA whatB thatC oneD it该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C29.We stayed for the night at the foot of the mountain and ________ to climb it the next morning.SSS_SINGLE_SELA set aboutB set offC set upD set out该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D30.We should do as much as we can________ our country better and more beautiful.SSS_SINGLE_SELAmakeBto makeCmakesDmaking该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:B31.“to put off something” means “to________”SSS_SINGLE_SELA look for itB put it in placeC postpone itD cancel it该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C32.________, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.SSS_SINGLE_SELA Giving timeB To give TimeC Given timeD Being given time该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C33.– Did you see her off the day before yesterday?--No, but I wish I ________.SSS_SINGLE_SELA wereB didC hadD would该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C34.Some divers always drive carelessly. There is some _____danger while they are driving.SSS_SINGLE_SELA painfulB potentialC probableD primary该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:B35.You have stayed at home for two days. It’s time you ________ for a walk.SSS_SINGLE_SELA go outB went outC will go outD would go out该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:B36.Can you ________ the three mistakes in this paragraph?SSS_SINGLE_SELA turn outB bring outC call outD pick out该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D37.This is much ________ to the one I bought last week.SSS_SINGLE_SELA worseB lowerC inferiorD equal该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C38.________ their country has plenty of oil, ours has none.SSS_SINGLE_SELA WhileB WhereC WhenD Unless该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:A39.There at the door stood a girl about the same height ________.SSS_SINGLE_SELA as meB as mineC with mineD with me该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:B40.Don’t be too________ about things you are not supposed to know.SSS_SINGLE_SELA strangeB amusingC curiousD conscious该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C41.He’s got himself into a dangerous situation ________ he is likely to lose control over the plane.SSS_SINGLE_SELA whereB whichC whileD why该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:A42.In order to change attitudes ________ employing women. The government is bringing in new laws.SSS_SINGLE_SELA aboutB ofC towardsD on该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C43.The fact came up ________ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.SSS_SINGLE_SELA whatB whichC thatD whose该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C44.It is generally believed that teaching is ________ it is a science.SSS_SINGLE_SELA an art much asB much an art asC as an art much asD as much an art as该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D45.________ I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week.SSS_SINGLE_SELA However the story is amusingB No matter amusing the story isC however amusing to story isD No matter how the story is amusing该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:CPart Ⅲ ldentification (10%)Directions: Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A, B, C, and D. Identify the one that is not correct. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.46.This is the sportsman whom everyone says will win the gold medal at the Winter Olympic Games.SSS_SINGLE_SELA ThisB whomC saysD at该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:B47.I heard that you really had a wonderful time at John’s birthday Party, hadn’t you?SSS_SINGLE_SELA I heardB hadC atD hadn’t该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D48.E-mail as well as mobile telephones are becoming more and more popular in **munication.SSS_SINGLE_SELA as well asB areC more andD more该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D49.They are going to have the servicemen installed an electric fan in the office tomorrow.SSS_SINGLE_SELA are going toB haveC installedD in该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C50.Two woman teachers and four girl students were praised at the Meeting yesterday.SSS_SINGLE_SELA womanB girlC wereD at该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:A51.Lesson Three is the most difficult lesson, but it isn’t the most difficult lesson in Book Four.SSS_SINGLE_SELA theB butC theD in该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:A52.The reporter was very please when the chairman allowed him to Ask few questions.SSS_SINGLE_SELA veryB whenC allowedD few questions该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D53.He tried to learn Greek but soon got tired of it and gave up it.SSS_SINGLE_SELA tried toB soonC tired of itD gave up it该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:D54.With the sun setting, we stopped working, putting away our tools And were going to go home.SSS_SINGLE_SELA settingB workingC puttingD going该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:C55.Polite manners in China demand that a person stands up when Anyone enters a room or when anyone hands him something.SSS_SINGLE_SELA Polite mannersB stands upC entersD hands该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1答案:BPart IV Cloze (10%)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage, and for each blank there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D at the end of the passage. You should choose the ONE answer that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on tire: Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Scientists say that something very serious is happening to the earth. It will begin to get 56 in the following years. There will be major changes in ____57_ in the new century. Coastal waters will have a ___58_temperature.This will have a __59__effct on agriculture. In northen areas,the ___60_season will be ten days longer by the year 2010.However,in warmer areas,it will be too dry.The _61__of watcr could___62_by cighty pereent. This would _63___a large decrease in agriculture production.World temperature could___64__ two degrees centigrade by the year 2040.However,the increase could be three times as great in the Arctic and Antarctic areas.This could cause the _65__shects to melt and raise the __66__ of the oceans __67__ one to two meters.Many coastal cities would be __68__ water.Why is this happening?There is to __69__ carbon dioxidc in the air.__70__ oil,gas and coal burn,they creatc large amounts of carbon dioxide.This carbon dioxide lets __71__ enter the earth’s atmosphere and __72__ the earth.However,it doesn’t let as much heat __73__ the atmosphere and enter space.It’s like a blanket.The heat __74__ the sun can pass through the blanket to warm the earth. The heat __75__ there and can’t escape through the blanket again.Scientists call this the green-house effcct.SSS_SINGLE_SEL56.A worseB colderC betterD warmer该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL57.A weatherB agricultureC climateD land该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL58.A properB highcrC normalD lower该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL59.A goodB generalC seriousD useful该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL60.A gettingB playingC takingD growing该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL61.A muchB manyC amountD number该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL62.A fallB decreaseC refuseD rise该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL63.A leadB keepC makeD cause该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL64.A realizeB dropC liftD increase该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL65.A iceB rainC stoneD water该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL66.A areaB levelC coastD degree该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL67.A byB toC ofD with该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL68.A aboveB underC belowD over该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL69.A littleB manyC fewD much该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL70.A IfB BecauseC WhenD Why该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL71.A gasB airC rainD sunlight该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL72.A heatB protectC hurtD cold该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL73.A reachB getC heaveD enter该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL74.A throughB byC fromD on该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL75.A storesB arrivcsC standsD stays该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5答案:DPart V Translation (20%)Section ADirections: In this part there are five sentences which you should translate into Chinese. These sentences are all taken from the 3 passage you have just read in the part of Reading Comprehension. You can refer back to the passages so as to identify their meanings in the context.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI76.Now Americal researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people forget bad memories.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:现在美国研究者认为他们马上会开发一种新药,帮助人们忘记不好的记忆。
数字涡流金属电导仪(Sigma2008B)操作规程

数字涡流金属电导仪(Sigma2008B)
试验操作规程
1、使用前认真阅读设备操作规程或使用说明书,仔细检查仪器是否正常。
2、开机。
在关机状态下,按下开/关机键约2秒,屏幕出现开机预热主界面;
3、设备进入预热界面后,待10分钟预热结束后,按“MEAS”键进入测量界面。
4、在测量、设置主界面直接按校准键“CAL”进入校准主界面。
5、仪器校正:在正式测试前,应检测“标块”,确认检测值正常,方可检测样品。
6、将设备探头贴紧标准块,按测量键,测量界面显示标准块电导率值,当校准值与标称值不相等时,保持探头与标准块接触,按“OK”键,仪器自动进入校准程序,完成后发出一声提示音(可根据被测样品大概电导率选择合适的校准量程)。
7、设备校准完成后,进行样品的检测工作,同时确保被测样品表面平整。
8、测量时,把探头紧贴被测样品表面,按下测试健,待设备主界面显示测量之后,测量结束,及时记录检测结果。
9、测试结束后,长按电源键关机,并将设备放置在设备箱内。
CPSIA-2008年美国消费者产品安全改善法案(整体译文)

H.R.4040美利坚合众国第一百一十届国会第二次会议二零零八年一月三日(星期四)于华盛顿市开始举行有关儿童消费品安全标准和其它安全要求的设立以及消费品安全委员会的重新授权和现代化的法案本法案由美利坚合众国参议院和众议院于召集的国会会议上通过。
第1条简称;目录(a) 简称——该法案可称为《2008年消费者产品安全改善法案》(Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008)(b) 目录——本法案目录如下:第1条简称;目录第2条参考第3条发布实施条例的权利第一编——儿童产品安全第101条. 含铅儿童产品;含铅涂料标准第102条. 某些儿童产品的强制性第三方测试第103条. 儿童产品的跟踪标签第104条. 耐用婴幼儿产品标准和消费者登记第105节. 玩具与游戏器具的广告标签要求第106节. 强制性玩具安全标准第107节. 对少数民族儿童的与消费品相关的可预防性伤亡研究第108节. 禁止销售含特定邻苯二甲酸盐的产品第二编消费品安全委员会改革第一章——经营管理改善第201节. 委员会的授权第202节. 委员会全员要求;临时法定人数;员工第203节. 部分递送给国会的文件第204节. 加速制定法律第205节. 监察长的审查与报告第206节. 禁止行业赞助的差旅第207节. 与联邦政府、州政府、地方政府和外国政府机构信息共享第208节. 交换雇员培训第209节. 年度报告要求第二章——加强的执行权力第211节. 公开信息披露第212节. 建立一个公众消费品安全数据库第213节. 依据其他由消费品安全委员会执行的法令制定的储存强制令第214节. 加强的召回权利以及改正措施计划第215节. 对于由防火墙隔开的符合性评估机构的检查;供应链的识别第216节. 禁止行为第217节. 处罚第218节. 由州总检察长执行第219节. 举报人保护第三章——详细的进出口相关规定第221节. 召回品及不合格品的出口第222节. 进口安全管理及跨部门间的合作第223节. 重大产品隐患清单及不合格进口产品的消毁第224节. 财政责任第225节. 与进口消费品安全相关的公权力效力研究及报告第四章——杂项规定及顺应性修订第231节. 先占性第232节. 各类地形用车辆标准第233节. 按照《1970年的危险品包装法案》实施成本效益分析第234节. 织物及服饰产品中的甲醛使用研究第235节. 技术及顺应性变化第236节. 加快复审第237节. 撤消第238节. 浴池及温泉安全技术修订第239节. 生效日期及可分割性第2条参考(a) 本法案中使用的术语定义:(1) “相关国会委员会”指的是众议院能源与商务委员会(Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives)和参议院参议院商务、科学和运输委员会(Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate);(2) 术语“委员会”指的是消费品安全委员会。
2008年考研英语真题详细解析(1)

2008年考研英语真题详细解析(1)2008年硕士研究生考试英语真题详解完型填空1、答案:B解析:本题测试语义逻辑衔接。
" selected" 意为 "挑选"; "prepared"意为 "准备"; "obliged"意为"迫使,责成";"pleased"意为"高兴地,满足地",前一句"人们不敢说",本句中由"but "一词可推出意思与上句相反,即"Cochran 准备说",所以选B.2、答案:D解析:本题测试词义辨析。
"unique"意为"的,独特的";"particular"意为"特殊的,独特的";"special"意为"特别的,特殊的";"rare"意为"稀罕的,珍贵的",rare bird 意为"稀有的人",空格相关意思是"只有Cochra准备说",而且 "rare bird" 是固定搭配,所以选D3、答案:A解析:本题测试介词的语意搭配, independently of 意为"不依赖于,独立",所以选A4、答案:C解析:本题测试词义辨析。
由"actually"推出本句是对现在和以前对疾病看法的对比,所以选C5、答案:C解析:本题测试副词的用法及语段的连贯性。
Even 做程度副词,表示递进关系,意为"即使他自己也...".所以选C6、答案:A解析:本题测试词义搭配。
空格相关意思是"一想到他即将要做的,即使他自己也...." "At thought of "意为"一看到..."; at sight of意为年"一看见";at cost of 意为"以...的代价";at risk of意为"冒着....的危险",所以选A7、答案:B解析:本题测试动词辨析。
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208 – 2009学年第二学期《线性代数B 》试卷及答案2009年6月22日 一、填空题(共6小题,每小题 3 分,满分18分)1. 设⎥⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡-=*803010000100001A ,则A = 2 .解 因为*80,A =≠所以0.A ≠又*,AA A E =故有4*,AA A =于是3*,A A =得 2.A =2. A 为n 阶方阵,TAA =E且=+<E A A 则,0 0 .解 由TAA=E,及0,<A 得 1.=-A又()()T T T A AA A E A A E A +=+=+=+=-+A E A E3.设方阵12243,311t -⎡⎤⎢⎥=⎢⎥⎢⎥-⎣⎦A B 为三阶且AB=O ,则=t -3 .解 有题意知齐次线性方程组0Ax =有非零解,故有0A =,而 122102434337(3)31131A t t t --==+=+-4. 设向量组12,,,mααα线性无关,向量β不能由它们线性表示,则向量组12,,,,m αααβ的秩为 m +1 .5.设A 为实对称阵,且|A |≠0,则二次型f =x TA x 化为f =y T A -1 y 的线性变换是x =____y 1-A __ .6.设3R 的两组基为()T11,1,1α=,()21,0,1αT=-,()31,0,1αT=;T1(1,2,1,),=β()()232,3,4,3,4,3TTββ==,则由基123,, ααα到基123,,βββ的过渡矩阵P =⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡---101010432.二、单项选择题(共6小题,每小题3分,满分18分)1. 设n D 为n 阶行列式,则n D =0的必要条件是( ). (A) n D 中有两行元素对应成比例; (B) nD 中各行元素之和为零;(C)nD 中有一行元素全为零;(D)以nD 为系数行列式的齐次线性方程组有非零解.选D2.若向量组α,β,γ线性无关,α,β,σ线性相关,则( ).(A)α必可由β,γ,σ线性表示.(B)β必可由α,γ,σ线性表示.(C)σ必可由β,γ,α线性表示.(D)γ必可由β,α,σ线性表示.选C3.设3阶方阵A有特征值0,-1,1,其对应的特征向量为P1,P2,P3,令P=(P1,P2,P3),则P-1AP=( ).(A)100010000⎡⎤⎢⎥-⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦; (B)000010001⎡⎤⎢⎥-⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦;(C)000010001⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦-;(D)100000001⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦-.选B4.设α1,α2,α3线性无关,则下列向量组线性相关的是( ).(A)α1,α2,α3 - α1;(B)α1,α1+α2,α1+α3;(C)α1+α2,α2+α3,α3+α1;(D)α1-α2,α2-α3,α3-α1.选D5.若矩阵43⨯A有一个3阶子式不为0,则( ). (A)R(A)=1;(B)R(A)=2;(C)R(A)=3;(D)R(A)=4 .选C 6.实二次型f=x'Ax为正定的充分必要条件是( ).(A) A的特征值全大于零;(B) A的负惯性指数为零;(C) |A| > 0 ;(D) R(A) = n.选A 三、解答题(共5小题,每道题8分,满分40分)1.求1122331001100110011bb bDb bb--=----的值解 111222233333100100100010010010 1.01100100101101101b b b b b b D b b b b b b ====------2. 求向量组1(1,1,1,4)α=,2(2,1,3,5)α= ,3(1,1,3,2)α=--,4(3,1,5,6)α=的一个极大无关组,并把其余的向量用该极大无关组线性表出. 解 以向量为列构成矩阵12341213103111110122(,,,)13350000452600A αααα--⎛⎫⎛⎫⎪ ⎪-⎪⎪==→→ ⎪⎪ ⎪ ⎪-⎝⎭⎝⎭(行最简形)秩为2, 一个极大无关组为12,αα, 3223ααα=-,422ααα=-.3.设A 、P 均为3阶矩阵,且T 100010,00⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦P A P=若123(,,)P ααα= ,1223(,,)Q αααα=+,求Q T AQ .解 由于1223123(,,)(,,)Q ααααααα=+=100100110110,0101⎡⎤⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥=⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦P于是T1001001101100101⎛⎫⎛⎫⎡⎤⎡⎤ ⎪⎪⎢⎥⎢⎥ ⎪ ⎪⎢⎥⎢⎥ ⎪ ⎪⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦⎝⎭⎝⎭TQ TQ = PA P T1101000101100101⎡⎤⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥=⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦P A P110100100210010010110110.01000100⎡⎤⎡⎤⎡⎤⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥==⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦⎣⎦⎣⎦4.设A 是n 阶实对称矩阵,OA A =+22,若)0()(n k k R <<=A ,求E A 3+.解 由OA A=+22知, A 的特征值为-2或0,又)0()(n k k R <<=A ,故-2是k 重特征值,0是n-k 重特征值.再由A 是n 阶实对称矩阵,知A 可相似对角化,于是有22~00-⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥-⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦A (k 个-2),故E A 3+3n k-=.5.设矩阵2208206a ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦A =相似于对角矩阵Λ,求a .解 特征多项式222082(6)(2)06E Aaλλλλλλ---=---=-+-,得A 的三个特征值λ1=λ2=6,λ3= -2. 由于A 相似于对角矩阵,R (6E - A )=1,而420210684000000E A a a --⎡⎤⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥-=--→⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦, 显然,当a = 0时,R (A-6E )=1,A 的二重 特征值6对应两个线性无关的特征向量. 四、(本题满分10分)对线性方程组23112131231222322313233323142434.x a x a x a x a x a x a x a x a x a x a x a x a ⎧++=⎪++=⎪⎨++=⎪⎪++=⎩,,, (1) 若4321,,,a a a a 两两不等,问方程组是否有解,为什么?(2)若ba a==31, b a a -==42(b ≠0),且已知方程的两个解T1(1,1,1)=-ξ,T2(1,1,1)=-ξ,试给出方程组的通解.解 (1)因为增广矩阵的行列式))()()()()((111134241423131234244332333222231211≠------=a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a ,故()4,R = A b ()3R =A , 方程组无解.(2)当ba a==31, b a a -==42(b ≠0)时,()2,R = A b 2)(=A R ,3=n ,故通解 21121()01,()21k k k -⎡⎤⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥=-+=+∈⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥-⎣⎦⎣⎦x ξξξR .五、(本题满分8分) 设二次曲面的方程122=++byz xz axy(0)a >经正交变换x y z ξηζ⎡⎤⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥=⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦Q ,化成12222=-+ζηξ,求a 、b 的值及正交矩阵Q . 解 设二次型为22f axy xz byz =++,其矩阵为0120210a ab b⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥=⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦A 经正交变换二次型化为了标准形2222f ξηζ=+-,故A 的特征值为1,1,-2,所以0,20,-=--=E AE A212121(),211a a a b b b---=--=-+--E A 22212122226(1),1212a b a b b b b bb-------=---=--=-------E A得1,2-==b a .当1λ=时,11111111100011100----⎡⎤⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥-=-→⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥-⎣⎦⎣⎦E A , 得线性无关的特征向量1(1,1,0)Tξ=,2(1,1,2)Tξ=-当2λ=-时,2111012121011,11200---⎡⎤⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥--=--→-⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥--⎣⎦⎣⎦E A 得线性无关的特征向量,T3(1,1,1).=-ξ由于123,,ξξξ已经两两正交,只需将它们单位化,得11(1,1,0)2T α=,21(1,1,2)6T α=- , 31(1,1,1).3T=- α 以123,,ααα为列向量构成矩阵Q ,则Q 为正交矩阵,11126311126321063-⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥-⎢⎥=⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦Q .六、(本题满分6分)设A 为n 阶实矩阵, α 为A 的 对应于实特征值λ的特征向量, β为A T 的对应于实特 征值μ的特征向量,且λ≠μ,证明α 与β正交. 证明 依题意得,A B αλαβμβ==,将A αλα= 的两边转置得,TTTA αλα= ,再两边右乘β得,TTT A αβλαβ=,即T T μαβλαβ=,亦即()0T μλαβ-=,由于λ≠μ,所以0Tαβ= ,故α与β正交..。