语用学选择题
语言学概论试题及答案
语言学概论试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学是研究什么的科学？A. 语言的物理特性B. 语言的社会功能C. 语言的结构和功能D. 语言的起源和发展2. 语音学研究的主要内容是什么？A. 语言的语法结构B. 语言的词汇构成C. 语言的发音机制D. 语言的书写形式3. 下列哪个不是语言学的分支？A. 语音学B. 语法学C. 词汇学D. 化学4. 语言的最小意义单位是什么？A. 音素M. 词汇C. 语素D. 句子5. 语义学研究的是语言的哪一方面？A. 语言的发音B. 语言的意义C. 语言的书写D. 语言的语法6. 语言的词汇量是如何增长的？A. 通过新词的创造B. 通过旧词的淘汰C. 通过语言的混合D. 通过语言的简化7. 什么是语言的方言？A. 一种语言的书面形式B. 一种语言的口头形式C. 一种语言的地区变体D. 一种语言的官方标准8. 语言的同化现象是指什么？A. 语言的统一B. 语言的分化C. 语言的借用D. 语言的变异9. 语言的转换是指什么？A. 语言的翻译B. 语言的转写C. 语言的转述D. 语言的转换10. 什么是语言的语境？A. 语言的使用环境B. 语言的书写环境C. 语言的发音环境D. 语言的语法环境二、填空题（每题2分，共10分）11. 语言学的两大分支是________和________。
12. 语言的音位系统是由________构成的。
13. 语言的语法规则包括词法规则和________。
14. 语言的词汇化是指________转化为词汇的过程。
15. 语言的语用学研究的是语言在________中的使用。
三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）16. 简述语言的交际功能。
17. 简述语言的规范性与变异性。
四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）18. 论述语言与文化的关系。
19. 论述语言的演变过程及其影响因素。
五、案例分析题（每题20分，共20分）20. 请分析一种方言的形成过程，并讨论其对标准语的影响。
语用学测试题及答案
语用学测试题及答案一、选择题1. 语用学是研究什么的学科？A. 语言的物理特性B. 语言的抽象结构C. 语言的交际功能D. 语言的演变过程答案：C2. 以下哪个选项是语用学中的合作原则？A. 说话要尽量简短B. 不要说自知是假话C. 说话要有条理D. 说话要尽量具体答案：B3. 根据格莱斯的合作原则，以下哪个选项是违反了量的准则？A. 说话要尽量简短B. 不要说自知是假话C. 说话要提供足够的信息D. 说话要尽量具体答案：A二、填空题根据语用学中的合作原则，说话者和听话者之间应该遵循以下准则：1. 量的准则：说话者应提供足够的信息，但不要提供比必要更多的信息。
2. 质的准则：说话者不应说自知是假的话，不应说缺乏足够证据的话。
3. 关系准则：说话者应保持话题相关性。
4. 方式准则：说话者应避免模糊不清，避免不明确的表达。
三、简答题1. 请简述语用学中的言外行为理论。
答案：言外行为理论是语用学中的一个重要概念，它指的是说话者通过言语行为所表达的超出字面意义的信息。
言外行为通常包括直接言外行为、间接言外行为和隐喻言外行为等。
2. 举例说明如何通过语境来理解话语的隐含意义。
答案：语境在理解话语的隐含意义中起着至关重要的作用。
例如，当某人在餐厅说“这里的菜真好吃”，在不同的语境下可能有不同的隐含意义。
如果说话者刚刚品尝了一道新菜，这可能是对菜品的直接赞美；但如果餐厅的菜品普遍不佳，这句话可能隐含着讽刺的意味。
四、论述题1. 论述语用学在跨文化交际中的重要性。
答案：语用学在跨文化交际中的重要性体现在多个方面。
首先，不同文化背景的人在交际中可能有不同的语言习惯和交际准则，了解这些差异有助于避免误解和冲突。
其次，语用学可以帮助人们更好地理解言外之意，即通过语境来解读话语的隐含意义。
此外，语用学还有助于提高跨文化交际的效率和效果，通过适当的言语行为来实现交际目的。
语用学练习题
英语语言学练习----语用学一、Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false.1.The contextual view is often considered as the initial effort to study meaning in a pragmatic sense. ( )2.Pragmatics is related to and also different from semantics. ( )3.The notion of context is not important to the pragmatic study of language. ( )4.All utterances take the form of sentences. ( )5.Speech act theory was proposed by the British philosopher John Austin in the late 1950s. ( )6.Grice made a distinction between what he called “constatives” and “performatives”. ()7.A locutionary act is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon, and phonology. ( )8.In their study of language communication, linguists are only interested in how a speaker expresses his intention and pay no attention to how his intention is recognized by the hearer. ( )9.Directives are attempts by the speaker to get the hearer to do something. ( )10.The Cooperative principle was proposed by John Searle. ( )11.There are four maxims under the Cooperative principle. ( )12.The violations of the maxims make our language indirect. ( )13.All the utterances take the form of sentences. ( )14.Austin thought that stating was also a kind of act, and that we can perform with language. ( )15.According to the speech act theory, when we are speaking a language, we are doing something, or in other words performing acts; and the process of linguistic communication consists of a sequence of acts. ( )16.All the acts that belong to the same category act share the same purpose or the same illocutionary act, and they are the same in their strength or force. ( )17.All the utterances that can be made to serve the same purpose may vary in the syntactic form. ( )18.Conversation participants nearly always observe the CP and the maxims of the CP. ( )19.A sentence is grammatical concept, and the meaning of a sentence is often studied as the abstract intrinsic property of the sentence itself in terms of a predication. ( )20.Utterance is based on sentence meaning, it is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication or simply in a context. ( )21.As the process of communication is essentially a process of conveying meaning in a certain context, pragmatics can also be regarded as a kind of meaning study. ( )22.Gradually linguists found that it would be impossible to give an adequate description of meaning if the context of language use was left considered.23.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning the context of use is considered. ( )24.Without the shared knowledge both by the speaker and the hearer, linguistic communication would not be possible, and without considering such knowledge, linguistic communication cannot be satisfactorily accounted for in a semantic sense. ( )25.An perlocutionary act is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention. ()26.According to Paul Grice’s ide a, in making conversation, the participants must first of all be willing to cooperate, otherwise, it would not be possible for them to carry on the talk. ( )27.An illocutionary act is the consequence of or the change brought about by the utterance.【Keys】:1. T2. T3.F4.F5.T6.F7.T8.F9.T 10.F11. T 12.T 13.F 14.T 15.T 16. F 17. T 18.F 19.T 20.T21. T 22.F 23.T 24.F 25.F 26. T 27. F二、Fill each of following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given.1. The shared knowledge which constitutes context is of two types; the knowledge of thel________ they use, and the knowledge about the w_______, including the general knowledge about the world and specific knowledge about the situation in which linguistic communication is taking place.2. If we think of a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes an u________, and it should be considered in the situation in which it is actually used.3. The idea of Paul Grice is that in making conversation, the participants must first of all be willing to c_______, otherwise, it would be impossible for them to carry on the talk. The general principle is called the c________ p_________, abbreviated as CP.4. There are four maxims under the CP: the maxim of quantity, the maxim of q_________, the maxim of relation and the maxim of m____________.5. The maxim of relation requires that what the conversation participants say must ber__________.6. As the process of communication is essentially a process of conveying meaning in a certain context, p__________ can be regarded as a kind of meaning study.7. If c___________ is not considered, the study of meaning is restricted to the area of traditional semantics.8. The meaning of an u__________ is concrete and context-dependent.9. An i___________ act is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention.10. According to Seale, s__________acts fall into five general categories.11. C__________ are those speech acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action.12. To ask someone to pass a book is obviously a d__________.13. According to Paul Grice, in making c__________ the participants must first of all be willing to cooperate.14. Most of the violations of the four maxims give rise to c___________ implicatures.15. The significance of Grice’s c___________ principle lies in that it explains how it is possible for the speaker to convey more than is literally said.【Keys】:1. language, word2. utterance3. cooperate, Cooperative Principle4. quality,mannar 5. relevant6. pragmatics7. context8. utterance9. illocutionary 10. speech 11. Commissive 12. dirextive 13.conversation 14. conversational15. Cooperative三、There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement.1. __________ resulted mainly from the eapansion of the study of linguistics, especially that of semantics.A. PragmaticsB. PragmatismC. PhonologyD. Practicalism2. Once the notion of _________ was taken into consideration, semantics spiiled into pragmatics.A. meaningB. contextC. formD. content3. If a sentence is regarded as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes _______.A. a sentenceB. an actC. a unitD. an utterance4. A ___________ analysis of an utterance will reveal what the speaker intends to do with it.A. semanticB. syntacticC. pragmaticD. grammatical5. _______ act theory is an important theory in the pragmatic study of language.A. SpeakingB. SpeechC. SoundD. Spoken6. ______ act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something.A. A locutionaryB. An illocutionaryC. A perlocutionaryD. A speech7. One of the contributions Searle has made is his classification of __________ acts.A. locutionaryB. illocutionaryC. perlocutionaryD. speech8. The illocutionary point of __________ is to express the psychological state specified in the utterance.A. directivesB. commisivesC. expressivesD. declarations9. All the utterance that can be made to serve the same purpose may vary in their _________ form.A. syntacticB. semanticC. grammaticalD. pragmatic10. The cooperative Principle is proposed by ________.A. John SearleB. John AustinC. Paul GriceD. John Lyons11. Linguists found that it would be impossible to give an adequate description of meaning if the ________ of language use was left unconsidered.A. brevityB. contextC. accuracyD. none of the above12. Of the three speech acts, linguistic are most interested in the _________.A. locutionary actB. perlocutionary actC. illocutionary actD. none of the above13. The maxim of quantity requires: ___________.A. make your contribution ad informative as required.B. Do not make contribution more informative than is required.C. Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence.D. Both A and B.14. The maxim of quality requireds: do not say what you believe to be ________.A. falseB. trueC. briefD. orderly15. Most of the violations of the maxims of the CP give rise to _______.A. utterance meaningB. speech act theoryC. conversational implicaturesD. all of the above.16. The significance of Grice’s CP lies in that it explains how it is possible for the speaker to convey _________ is literally said.A. more thanB. less thanC. the same asD. none of the above.【Keys】:1. A2. B3. D4. C5. B6. C7. B8. C9. A 10. C 11. B 12. C 13.D 14. A 15. C 16. A四、Define the following terms.1. context2. utterance meaning3. locutionary act4. illocutionary act5. perlocutionary act【Keys】:1. Context is regarded as constituted by all kinds of knowledge assumed to be shared by the speaker and the hearer.2. Utterance meaning is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication, or simply in a context; it is concrete and dependent on the context.3. A locutionary act is the act of uttering words, phrases, and clauses. It is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon and phonology.4. An illocutionary act is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention; it is the act performed in saying something.5. A perlocuionary act is the act performed or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or resulting saying something.。
语用学选择题
语用学选择题I.Define the following terms: (15%) 5个II.Indicate the following statement true or false, mark “T”for the true statements and “F” for the false. (10%) 10题III.From A, B, C and D, choose the appropriate one to complete the following statements. (20%) 20题IV.Fill in the blanks with the following word which completes the statements.(20%) 20题V.Answer the following questions. (35%) 四题1. Give the description of the following sound segments in English. (5%)Exampl e：[i] front mid-high unrounded short2. Pick out ten minimal pairs from the following words. (10%)3. Explain the ambiguity of the following sentences by providing two sentences that paraphrase the multiple meanings. (10%)4. Answer the questions (10%)复习题1. Language is passed on from one generation to the next through , rather than by instinct.A. learningB. teachingC. learning and teachingD. acquisition2.Which of the following two-term sets shows the feature of complementarity? .A. Lend/BorrowB. Single/MarriedC. Hot/ColdD. Old/Young3. Which of the following sounds is a voiceless bilabial stop? .A. [p]B. [m]C. [b]D.[r]4. Most of the violations of the maxims of the CP give rise to 使发生，引起.A. breakdown of the conversationB. confusion of one`s intentionC. conversational implicatures会话含意D. hostility between speakers and listeners.5. is concerned with all the speech sounds that occur in the world`s languages.A. PhonologyB. Phonetics发音学，语音学C. MorphologyD. Psychology6. The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is about .A. language and MTB. SLA and languageC. language and thoughtD. language and LAD7. Morphemes such as “bed”, “tree” are called .A. bound morphemesB. word formationC. free morphemes自由语素D. stem morphemes8. What`s the meaning relationship between the two words“flower” and “rose”?A. Homonymy 同音异意B. Antonymy 反义词组；反义现象C. Hyponymy 上下位关系D. Polysemy一词多义；意义的分歧9. “Commerce / begin”and “facilitate / help”are two examples of variety.A. genderB. sexC. ageD. register10. The relation, Saussure originally called associative, is a relation holding between elements replaceable with each other at aparticular place in a structure, or between one element present and the others absent.A. syntagmaticB. chainC. horizontalD. paradigmatic词形变化的；范例的11.Halliday proposed three ：the ideational, interpersonal and textual functions.A. micro-functionsB. macro-functionsC. meta-functions 元功能D. functions12. Bloomfield drew on psychology when trying to define themeaning of linguistic forms语言形态.A. structuralB. behaviorist行为主义者C. conceptualistD. mentalist13. are produced by moving from one vowel position to antherthrough intervening positions.A. Diphthongs双元音；复合元音B. MonophthongsC. V owelsD. Consonants14. Words such as “male/female”and “present/absent”are .A. gradableB. complementaryC. converseD.relational15. A stem is any morpheme or combination of morphemes to whichcan be added.A. an inflectional affix 曲折词缀B. a derivational affixC. a compoundD. a blending16. The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to thething it refers to, or stands for, is known as the theory.A. cohortB. assimilationC. referential 指示的；用作参考的D. dissimilation17. The smallest meaning unit of language is .A. allomorphB. phoneC. phonemeD. morpheme词素；形态素18. Style refers to in a person`s speech or writing or aparticular person`s use of speech or writing at all times or to a way of speaking or writing at a particular period of time.A. dialectB. registerC. languageD. variation变化19. is the language which a person is learning , in contrast to afirst language or mother tongue.A. Target languageB. Second languageC. Native languageD. Mother language20. The members of the same class are .A. hyponymsB. antonymsC. co-hyponymsD. synonyms21. Which description of the meaning components of the word “mother”is correct?A.＋human,＋adult,－maleB. ＋human,－adult,＋maleC. －human,＋adult,－maleD. ＋human,＋adult,＋male22. According to Saussure, refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.A. paroleB. performanceC. languageD. langue23. The Cooperative Principle is proposed by .A. John AustinB. John SearleC. Paul GriceD. John Lyons24. Saussure is a linguist and the founder of modern linguistics.A. BritishB. SwissC. FrenchD. Russian25. The study of language as a whole is often called linguistics.A. generalB. averageC. ordinaryD. particular26. The word “language”sometimes used to refer to the whole of a person`s language is called .A. idiolectB. formal languageC. informal languageD. social language27. Writing is the secondary language form based on .A. body languageB. gestureC. soundsD. speech28. L. Bloomfield is a famous structural linguist.A. BritishB. AmericanC. SwissD. Russian29. When stress is organized to form a regular rhythm, the term used for it is .A. metreB. stressC. intonationD. pattern30. Human cognition tends to be geared to the maximization 极大化，最大化of .A. oppositionB. synonymC. relevanceD. antonym31. is a matter of class membership.A. AntonymyB. Hyponymy上下位关系C. Co-hyponymyD. Synonymy32. A r-expression , as the abbreviation of a , covers all theother r-expression except anaphors and pro-nominals.A. referenceB. relationshipC. relevanceD.referential-expression33. Those in which there is only one head ,with the head being dominantand the other constituents dependent are constructions.A. coordinateB. subordinateC. endocentricD. exocentric34. is the degree to which a test measures what it is meant tomeasure.A. Validity 有效性；正确；正确性B. ReliabilityC. ConsistencyD. Agreement35. Frequency effect describes the additional ease with whicha word isaccessed due to its more .A. recentB.recencyC. frequencyD. frequent36. Which of the following pairs is a minimal pair? The pairof .A. boo t：butB. bea n：pinC. rop e：roadD. bea t：put37. Traditional grammarians 文法学者used the method of todescribe sentence structure.A. analysisB. traditionC. phonemeD. parsing语法分析；剖析38. H. Sweet made a distinction between narrow and transcriptions.A. wideB. bigC. broadD. large39. Recency effect describes the additional ease with whicha word isaccessed due to its repeated in the discourse or context.A. appearanceB. absenceC. distanceD. occurrence40. Linguistic refers to the differences between men andwomen in language use which are brought about by women`s social place.A. sexism（针对女性的）性别歧视；男性至上主义B. genderC. femaleD. sexist参考答案1.C2..B3.A4.C5.B6.C7.C8.C9.D 10.D 11.C 12.B 13.A 14.B15.A16.C 17.D 18.D 19.A 20.C21.A 22..D 23.C 24.B 25.A 26.C 27.D 28.B 29.A 30.C 31.B 32.D 33.B 34.A 35.D 36.A 37.D 38.C 39.D 40.A。
语用学教程期末考试试题及答案
语用学教程期末考试试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语用学研究的核心是什么？A. 语言的形式B. 语言的意义C. 语言的使用D. 语言的起源2. 下列哪项不是言语行为理论的三个层面？A. 语力行为B. 语用行为C. 语义行为D. 语形行为3. 根据格莱斯的合作原则，说话人应该遵循哪四个准则？A. 量准则、质准则、关系准则、方式准则B. 量准则、质准则、目的准则、方式准则C. 量准则、目的准则、关系准则、方式准则D. 目的准则、质准则、关系准则、方式准则4. 语用学中的“指示”指的是什么？A. 指代B. 语境C. 言语行为D. 语用含义5. 语用学中的“礼貌原则”是由哪位学者提出的？A. 格莱斯B. 布朗和莱文森C. 奥斯汀D. 赛尔...（此处省略其他选择题）二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 简述语用学中的“隐喻”和“转喻”的区别。
2. 描述格莱斯的合作原则中的“量准则”。
3. 解释“言语行为”和“言语行为理论”的基本概念。
三、论述题（每题25分，共50分）1. 论述语用学在跨文化交际中的应用。
2. 分析并讨论“语境”在语用学中的重要性。
答案一、选择题1. C2. D3. A4. B5. B...（此处省略其他选择题答案）二、简答题1. 隐喻是一种通过将一个概念域映射到另一个概念域来表达意义的语言现象，而转喻则是通过将一个概念域中的某个元素与另一个概念域中的元素相联系来表达意义。
2. 量准则要求说话人在交际中提供足够的信息，既不多也不少，以满足交际的需要。
3. 言语行为是指说话人通过言语表达的意图，而言语行为理论是奥斯汀提出的，它将言语行为分为三个层面：语力行为、语义行为和语形行为。
三、论述题1. 语用学在跨文化交际中的应用主要体现在理解和解释不同文化背景下的言语行为，帮助人们避免误解和冲突，促进有效沟通。
2. 语境在语用学中的重要性体现在它对言语行为的理解和解释中起着决定性作用。
语言学考试题
语言学考试题一、选择题1. 下列哪个是语言学的基本研究对象？A. 数字B. 文字C. 语言D. 音乐2. 哪位学者提出了语言功能理论？A. #德维特B. 萨普尔斯C. 赫尔德D. #哈尔德格尔3. 语言学的分类方法通常可以分为几大类？A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 24. “语言符号”中包括哪些要素？A. 声音B. 符号C. 拼写D. A、B5. 在语法范畴中，“动宾关系”是指什么？A. 主语和谓语之间的语法关系B. 主语和宾语之间的语法关系C. 宾语和谓语之间的语法关系D. 主语和动词之间的语法关系二、填空题6. 语言学中研究音素的学科是---。
7. 没有逻辑意义的音节称为---。
8. 语音学的基本单位是---。
9. 下列哪个不是语言学的分支学科？10. 一种语言中声母、韵母和声调三者综合的组合称为---。
三、简答题11. 请简要说明音韵学和语音学的区别。
12. 什么是“方言”，方言和语言的关系是什么？13. 什么是语法，语法的作用是什么？14. “文字和语言的关系”是语言学中一个重要问题，请简述你对这个问题的理解。
15. 请简要介绍语言学的研究方法有哪些？四、论述题16. 语言是人类最重要的交流工具之一，请说明语言对个体和社会的重要性。
17. 语言学的发展历程是怎样的？过去、现在和未来的语言学会有怎样的发展趋势？18. 请解释语言与文化之间的关系，并谈谈语言多样性对世界文化的重要影响。
以上便是本次语言学考试题的全部内容，请同学们认真地完成每一道题目，祝大家取得优异的成绩！。
语言学试题及答案
语言学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学是研究什么的学科？A. 语言的历史发展B. 语言的内在结构和功能C. 语言与文化的关系D. 语言的学习和教学2. 下列哪个不是语音学的研究对象？A. 音素B. 音节C. 语法D. 音位3. 语义学主要研究的是：A. 语言的发音规则B. 语言的语法结构C. 语言的意义D. 语言的书写形式4. 转换生成语法是由哪位语言学家提出的？A. 索绪尔B. 乔姆斯基C. 布隆菲尔德D. 萨皮尔5. 下列哪个词属于派生词？A. 快乐B. 快速C. 快乐地D. 快车6. 句法学研究的是：A. 句子的构成B. 词义的组合C. 语言的发音D. 语言的书写7. 社会语言学关注的是：A. 语言的变异与变化B. 语言与社会的关系C. 语言的起源和发展D. 语言的标准化8. 语言的功能主义理论是由下列哪位语言学家提出的？A. 索绪尔B. 乔姆斯基C. 韩礼德D. 布隆菲尔德9. 语言的同源词是指：A. 同一种语言中的不同词B. 不同语言中意义相同的词C. 来自同一词根的词D. 不同语言中发音相同的词10. 下列哪项不是语用学的研究内容？A. 语境B. 言语行为C. 语言的逻辑结构D. 语言的交际功能答案：1-5 B C C B D 6-10 A C B C C二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）1. 语言学的四个主要分支是语音学、语法学、语义学和________。
2. 索绪尔是________语言学的创始人。
3. 语言的任意性原则是指语言符号的_______和_______之间没有必然的联系。
4. 词类转换是指通过改变词的形式来改变其_______。
5. 语言的同化现象是指不同语言在交流中逐渐_______的现象。
6. 语言的方言是指同一语言内部由于_______、_______等因素而形成的不同变体。
7. 语言的借词是指一种语言从另一种语言中借用的_______或_______。
汉语言语用学试题及答案
汉语言语用学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 以下哪个选项是汉语中常用的礼貌用语？A. 你好B. 再见C. 请坐D. 以上都是答案：D2. “请”字在汉语中通常表示什么？A. 请求B. 命令C. 疑问D. 感叹答案：A3. 汉语中“谢谢”的礼貌程度比“多谢”要：A. 高B. 低C. 相同D. 不能比较答案：B4. 在汉语中，以下哪个词组用于表达道歉？A. 对不起B. 没关系C. 请原谅D. 以上都是5. 汉语中“请稍等”的意思是：A. 请等待B. 请离开C. 请快点D. 请坐下答案：A6. 汉语中“打扰一下”通常用于：A. 表示不满B. 表示请求C. 表示感谢D. 表示道歉答案：B7. 在汉语中，“请问”一词通常用于：A. 开始提问B. 结束提问C. 表示命令D. 表示拒绝答案：A8. 汉语中“请慢用”通常用于：A. 用餐时B. 工作时C. 学习时D. 睡觉时答案：A9. 在汉语中，“请多指教”通常用于：B. 工作时C. 用餐时D. 睡觉时答案：B10. 汉语中“请稍候”的意思是：A. 请等待B. 请离开C. 请快点D. 请坐下答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 汉语中表示“请慢走”的礼貌用语是“________”。
答案：请慢走2. 汉语中表示“请稍等”的礼貌用语是“________”。
答案：请稍等3. 在汉语中，当需要别人让路时，可以说“________”。
答案：借过4. 汉语中表示“请坐”的礼貌用语是“________”。
答案：请坐5. 汉语中表示“请稍候”的礼貌用语是“________”。
答案：请稍候6. 汉语中表示“请多指教”的礼貌用语是“________”。
答案：请多指教7. 在汉语中，当需要别人帮助时，可以说“________”。
答案：请帮忙8. 汉语中表示“请原谅”的礼貌用语是“________”。
答案：请原谅9. 在汉语中，当需要别人让座时，可以说“________”。
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I.Define the following terms: (15%) 5个II.Indicate the following statement true or false, mark “T”for the true statements and “F” for the false. (10%) 10题III.From A, B, C and D, choose the appropriate one to complete the following statements. (20%) 20题IV.Fill in the blanks with the following word which completes the statements.(20%) 20题V.Answer the following questions. (35%) 四题1. Give the description of the following sound segments in English. (5%)Exampl e：[i] front mid-high unrounded short2. Pick out ten minimal pairs from the following words. (10%)3. Explain the ambiguity of the following sentences by providing two sentences that paraphrase the multiple meanings. (10%)4. Answer the questions (10%)复习题1. Language is passed on from one generation to the next through , rather than by instinct.A. learningB. teachingC. learning and teachingD. acquisition2.Which of the following two-term sets shows the feature of complementarity? .A. Lend/BorrowB. Single/MarriedC. Hot/ColdD. Old/Young3. Which of the following sounds is a voiceless bilabial stop? .A. [p]B. [m]C. [b]D.[r]4. Most of the violations of the maxims of the CP give rise to使发生，引起.A. breakdown of the conversationB. confusion of one`s intentionC. conversational implicatures会话含意D. hostility between speakers and listeners.5. is concerned with all the speech sounds that occur in the world`s languages.A. PhonologyB. Phonetics发音学，语音学C. MorphologyD. Psychology6. The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is about .A. language and MTB. SLA and languageC. language and thoughtD. language and LAD7. Morphemes such as “bed”, “tree” are called .A. bound morphemesB. word formationC. free morphemes自由语素D. stem morphemes8. What`s the meaning relationship between the two words “flower” and “rose”?A. Homonymy 同音异意B. Antonymy 反义词组；反义现象C. Hyponymy 上下位关系D. Polysemy一词多义；意义的分歧9. “Commerce / begin”and “facilitate / help”are two examples of variety.A. genderB. sexC. ageD. register10. The relation, Saussure originally called associative, is a relation holding between elements replaceable with each other at aparticular place in a structure, or between one element present and the others absent.A. syntagmaticB. chainC. horizontalD. paradigmatic词形变化的；范例的11.Halliday proposed three ：the ideational, interpersonal and textual functions.A. micro-functionsB. macro-functionsC. meta-functions 元功能D. functions12. Bloomfield drew on psychology when trying to define themeaning of linguistic forms语言形态.A. structuralB. behaviorist行为主义者C. conceptualistD. mentalist13. are produced by moving from one vowel position to antherthrough intervening positions.A. Diphthongs双元音；复合元音B. MonophthongsC. V owelsD. Consonants14. Words such as “male/female”and “present/absent”are .A. gradableB. complementaryC. converseD.relational15. A stem is any morpheme or combination of morphemes to whichcan be added.A. an inflectional affix 曲折词缀B. a derivational affixC. a compoundD. a blending16. The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to thething it refers to, or stands for, is known as the theory.A. cohortB. assimilationC. referential 指示的；用作参考的D. dissimilation17. The smallest meaning unit of language is .A. allomorphB. phoneC. phonemeD. morpheme词素；形态素18. Style refers to in a person`s speech or writing or aparticular person`s use of speech or writing at all times or to a way of speaking or writing at a particular period of time.A. dialectB. registerC. languageD. variation变化19. is the language which a person is learning , in contrast to afirst language or mother tongue.A. Target languageB. Second languageC. Native languageD. Mother language20. The members of the same class are .A. hyponymsB. antonymsC. co-hyponymsD. synonyms21. Which description of the meaning components of the word “mother”is correct?A.＋human,＋adult,－maleB. ＋human,－adult,＋maleC. －human,＋adult,－maleD. ＋human,＋adult,＋male22. According to Saussure, refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.A. paroleB. performanceC. languageD. langue23. The Cooperative Principle is proposed by .A. John AustinB. John SearleC. Paul GriceD. John Lyons24. Saussure is a linguist and the founder of modern linguistics.A. BritishB. SwissC. FrenchD. Russian25. The study of language as a whole is often called linguistics.A. generalB. averageC. ordinaryD. particular26. The word “language”sometimes used to refer to the whole of a person`s language is called .A. idiolectB. formal languageC. informal languageD. social language27. Writing is the secondary language form based on .A. body languageB. gestureC. soundsD. speech28. L. Bloomfield is a famous structural linguist.A. BritishB. AmericanC. SwissD. Russian29. When stress is organized to form a regular rhythm, the term used for it is .A. metreB. stressC. intonationD. pattern30. Human cognition tends to be geared to the maximization 极大化，最大化of .A. oppositionB. synonymC. relevanceD. antonym31. is a matter of class membership.A. AntonymyB. Hyponymy上下位关系C. Co-hyponymyD. Synonymy32. A r-expression , as the abbreviation of a , covers all theother r-expression except anaphors and pro-nominals.A. referenceB. relationshipC. relevanceD.referential-expression33. Those in which there is only one head ,with the head being dominantand the other constituents dependent are constructions.A. coordinateB. subordinateC. endocentricD. exocentric34. is the degree to which a test measures what it is meant tomeasure.A. Validity 有效性；正确；正确性B. ReliabilityC. ConsistencyD. Agreement35. Frequency effect describes the additional ease with which a word isaccessed due to its more .A. recentB.recencyC. frequencyD. frequent36. Which of the following pairs is a minimal pair? The pairof .A. boo t：butB. bea n：pinC. rop e：roadD. bea t：put37. Traditional grammarians 文法学者used the method of todescribe sentence structure.A. analysisB. traditionC. phonemeD. parsing语法分析；剖析38. H. Sweet made a distinction between narrow and transcriptions.A. wideB. bigC. broadD. large39. Recency effect describes the additional ease with which a word isaccessed due to its repeated in the discourse or context.A. appearanceB. absenceC. distanceD. occurrence40. Linguistic refers to the differences between men andwomen in language use which are brought about by women`s social place.A. sexism（针对女性的）性别歧视；男性至上主义B. genderC. femaleD. sexist参考答案1.C2..B3.A4.C5.B6.C7.C8.C9.D 10.D 11.C 12.B 13.A 14.B15.A16.C 17.D 18.D 19.A 20.C21.A 22..D 23.C 24.B 25.A 26.C 27.D 28.B 29.A 30.C 31.B 32.D 33.B 34.A 35.D 36.A 37.D 38.C 39.D 40.A。