剑桥商务英语证书考试(BEC)-第2章 剑桥商务英语证书考试(BEC)高级真题及详解(第3辑)-Te
bec高级备考资料
bec高级备考资料一、什么是BEC高级考试1.1 BEC的定义BEC（Business English Certificate）是由剑桥大学考试委员会（Cambridge Assessment）主办的商务英语考试。
BEC考试分为三个级别：BEC初级（BEC Preliminary）、BEC中级（BEC Vantage）和BEC高级（BEC Higher）。
BEC高级是BEC考试中的最高级别，也是最具挑战性的一级。
1.2 BEC高级考试的重要性BEC高级考试是商务领域的英语能力证书，对于那些希望在国际商务领域中脱颖而出的人来说，具有重要的意义。
通过BEC高级考试，考生能够证明自己具备高级商务英语能力，包括商务写作、商务口语、商务听力和商务阅读等方面的能力。
这些能力在现代商业环境中非常重要，能够帮助考生在职场中取得成功。
二、如何备考BEC高级考试2.1 了解考试内容和考试要求在备考BEC高级考试之前，首先需要了解考试的内容和要求。
BEC高级考试主要包括四个部分：阅读理解、写作、听力和口语。
考生需要熟悉每个部分的考试题型和要求，并制定相应的备考策略。
2.2 提前准备备考资料备考BEC高级考试需要准备大量的备考资料，包括教材、参考书、模拟试题等。
考生可以根据自己的情况选择适合自己的备考资料，并制定合理的备考计划。
2.3 制定备考计划制定备考计划是备考BEC高级考试的重要一步。
考生可以根据自己的时间安排和备考进度，制定详细的备考计划。
备考计划应包括每天的学习时间安排、学习内容和学习方法等。
2.4 刷题提升技巧在备考BEC高级考试过程中，刷题是提升考试技巧和应对能力的有效方式。
考生可以通过刷题来熟悉考试题型，提高解题速度和准确性。
同时，刷题还可以帮助考生了解自己的薄弱环节，并有针对性地进行复习和提高。
2.5 做模拟考试在备考BEC高级考试的过程中，做模拟考试是非常重要的一步。
模拟考试可以帮助考生了解自己的考试水平和应对能力，同时也可以熟悉考试的时间限制和答题方法。
BEC剑桥商务英语考试教材
BEC剑桥商务英语考试教材BEC剑桥商务英语考试教材推荐准备报考BEC剑桥商务英语考试的同学，你们知道官方推荐的考试用书是什么么?下面是店铺精心为大家整理的BEC剑桥商务英语考试教材推荐，以下是店铺为大家整理的BEC剑桥商务英语考试教材，希望能帮到大家！一、《MARKETLEADER体验商务英语综合教程》内容简介：《体验商务英语》系列教材为学习者提供了全新的学习方式，即在体验中学习商务英语，进而提高运用英语进行商务交际的能力。
该系列教材是在培生教育出版集团出版的MarketLeader和powerhouse系列教材的基础上改编的，由《综合教程》、《听说教程》、同步练习《教师用书》和配套的录音、录像资料等组成。
教材特点：将国际商务活动引入课堂，体验真实的商务世界。
角色扮演和案例学习将体验式学习引向深入，教学设计严谨，为体验式学习打好基础。
教学资源丰富，为体验式教学提供有力支持。
点评：作为老牌商务英语品牌的引进教材，极好地保留着美国人的实用主义特点。
MarketLeader注重于应用，尤其是每个单元的案例分析十分有利于体验式教学。
加上其文章都来自于FT，不但内容精炼，在应用的广泛度和流行程度上也做到了有力保证。
该系列教材非常适合公司英语培训、公司英语内训等教学使用，亚洲最大的公司英语培训公司马科里得的首选教材就是这套《MARKETLEADER体验商务英语综合教程》，就是看中它具有MBA特点的案例教学设计。
刚刚出版的第三版在应用的贴合度上又有不少改进，非常值得期待。
二、《新编剑桥商务英语》内容简介：剑桥商务英语证书(BEC)考试是一种全新的实用型考试，侧重考察真实工作环境中的英语交流能力，专为广大商务英语学习者量身定做，获得全球众多教育机构及企业的认可，并将其作为入学考试或招聘录用的英语语言水平要求。
《新编剑桥商务英语教师用书》增加了学生用书中由于篇幅限制无法保留的部分内容，如详细的教学笔记、习题答案、听力文字材料和进一步的学习参考;还提供了内容高度凝练、充满趣味而且可以模仿的学习活动，是职场新人和广大师生们最理想的选择点评：这就是大家所熟知的BEC了，有相应的考试。
剑桥商务英语证书考试（BEC）-第2章剑桥商务英语证书考试（BEC）高级真题及详解（第3辑）-Te
剑桥商务英语证书考试（BEC）-第2章剑桥商务英语证书考试（BEC）⾼级真题及详解（第3辑）-TeTest 3READING 1 hourPART ONEQuestions 1-8Look at the statements below and at the five extracts on the opposite page from the annual reports of five mobile phone companies.Which company (A, B, C, D or E) does each statement (1-8) refer toFor each statement (1-8), mark one letter (A, B, C, D or E) on your Answer Sheet. You will need to use some of these letters more than once.There is an example at the beginning, (0).Example:0 This company has no direct competition.1 This company is still making a financial loss.2 This company is having part of its business handled by an outside agency.3 This company has grown without undue expense.4 This company is trying to find out what the market response will be to a newproduct.5 This company continues to lose customers.6 This company aims to target a specific group of consumers.7 This company is finding it less expensive than before to attract new customers.8 This company has rationalized its outlets.AOur management team is dedicated to delivering operational excellence and improved profitability. In the coming year, we will focus our marketing on professional young adults, who represent the high value segment of the market and who according to independent research are most likely to adopt our more advanced mobile data products. Customer retention is central to our strategy, and we have been successful in reversing the customer loss of recent years by loyalty and upgrade schemes. A restructuring programme, resulting from changing marketing conditions, has seen our workforce scaled down to 6,100 people. BAs the only network operator in the country, our marketing is aimed at expanding the size of the market. In the business sector, we have targeted small and medium-sized businesses by offering standardised services, and large customersby offering tailored telecommunications solutions. We have been at the forefront of introducing new telecommunications technology and services and have recently distributed 150 of our most advanced handsets to customers to assess the likely demand for advanced data services. Last year, the industry recognized our achievement when we won a national award for technological progress.CA new management team has driven our improved performance here. It is committed to bringing the business into profitability within three years after reaching break-even point in the next financial year. We are focused on delivering rising levels of customer service and an improvement in the quality and utilization of our network. Good progress has been made on all these fronts. The cost of acquiring new subscribers has been reduced and new tariffs have been introduced to encourage greater use of the phone in the late evening.DWe have continued to expand our network in a cost-efficient manner and have consolidated our retail section by combining our four wholly-owned retail businesses into a single operating unit. We expect this to enhance our operational effectiveness and the consistency of our service. Our ambition is to give customers the best retail experience possible. We were, therefore, delighted earlier this yearwhen we won a major European award for customer service. This was particularly pleasing to us as we have always given high priority to customer satisfaction and operational excellence.EHere, we are focused on continuously realizing cost efficiencies as well as improving the level of customer satisfaction and retention. We have already taken effective measures to reduce customer loss and to strengthen our delivery of customer service. The quality of our network has improved significantly over the past year and an increase in the utilization of our network is now a priority. The operation of our customer service centre has been outsourced to a call centre specialist and this has led to a substantial increase in the level of service.【答案与解析】1. C 这家公司依旧财政亏损。
BEC商务英语考试
BEC商务英语考试商务英语考试（BUSINESS ENGLISH CERTIFICATE），简称BEC，指的是剑桥商务英语资格考试。
是剑桥系列考试中专为学习者提供的国际商务英语资格证书考试，考察真实工作环境中英语交流能力，被欧洲乃至全球众多教育机构、企业认可，将其作为入学考试或招聘录用的英语语言水平要求。
商务英语考试(BEC)于1993年由中国教育部考试中心引进中国，历经多年实践和推广，其权威性和规范性使得BEC在中国极具知名度，是求职者有力的语言能力证明。
全国有超过60所知名大学被授权为BEC考点。
一、学习基础（一）资料教材1、BEC初级：《新编剑桥商务英语学生用书(初级)(Pass Cambridge BEC Preliminary Student book)(第二版)》，定价：40.00元；《新编剑桥商务英语(学生用带)(初级)(Pass Cambridge BEC Preliminary)(第二版)》，定价：15.00元；《新编剑桥商务英语教师用书(初级)(Pass Cambridge BEC Preliminary Teacher’s Guide)(第二版)》，定价：45.00元。
2、BEC中级：《新编剑桥商务英语学生用书(中级)(Pass Cambridge BEC Vantage Student book)(第二版)》，定价：43.00元；《新编剑桥商务英语(学生用带)(中级)(Pass Cambridge BEC Vantage)(第二版)》，定价：15.00元；《新编剑桥商务英语教师用书(中级)(Pass Cambridge BEC Vantage Teacher’s Guide)(第二版)》，定价：38.00元。
3、BEC高级：《新编剑桥商务英语学生用书(高级)(Pass Cambridge BEC Higher Student book)(第二版)》，定价：40.00元；《新编剑桥商务英语(学生用带)(高级)(Pass Cambridge BEC Higher)(第二版)》，定价：15.00元；《新编剑桥商务英语教师用书(高级)(Pass Cambridge BEC Higher Teacher’s Guide)(第二版)》，定价：50.00元。
BEC剑桥商务英语(高级)2_真题(含答案与解析)-交互(619)
BEC剑桥商务英语(高级)2(总分22, 做题时间149分钟)SECTION 1 (Questions 1-8) -Look at the statements (marked 1-8) below and the five extracts from an article (marked A-E). -Which article (marked A-E) does each statement (marked 1-8) refer to? -You will need to use some of these letters (marked A-E) moreAManagers control other employees. This is a vital function of management that varies only in degree and style. One area of change threatens to reduce the degree substantially: the "dilution" of control downward. A key function from the beginning, control shares the collective essence of management with planning, organizing, staffing, and directing. Some would add two more: innovating and representing. Today, many prefer a less autocratic-sounding word, but the logic remains convincing: Somebody must "run things". By implication, monitoring that process is also necessary if an effective, profitable organization is to be realized.BSome control has already been diluted when the authority to make decisions in the boss''s name is delegated. Needed especially as organizations grow larger, delegation almost inevitably generates tension. Managers know they should and must delegate, for many reasons. No matter how skilled and experienced, one person canneither do everything nor make all necessary decisions. Even if that superhuman ability existed, the development of promotable subordinates would be compromised.CRegardless of how necessary and desirable, however, delegation remains difficult. Typically, managers view letting a "less qualified person" do the job as illogical. They also fear potential loss of power and control. Despite such resistance, recent years have seen greater pressure to delegate. Those who like to invent terminology might call the new situation "delegation-plus", or perhaps "macro-delegation". Even the basic word might be ready for retirement.DIn other words, long-existing delegation of authority down the chain of command has been supplemented greatly by widespread "empowerment". Decision-making has been "pushed downward" with a vengeance. Emphasis has been placed on decentralization and multiple teams. Causes are both philosophical and practical. Some see apervasive paradigm shift. A vigorous effort is being made in benchmark firms not only to seek constantly better ways to do things but to do so more democratically, for assumed long-run effectiveness. One way to do this is to push organizational decision-making downward. Practically speaking, this effort is complemented by widespread downsizing. The restructuring that accompanies it: often means reducing the number of middle managers. In the resulting "flat" organizations, those who remain wield broader spans of control or management, meaning they have more people to supervise.EDespite its popularity and even urgency, downward shifting provokes serious questions. Is it possible to reduce a manager''s operational control too much? Is the concept of "diminishing returns" likely, as in economic theory? The trend has been long ongoing! if that point does exist, how close are we? Is endless decentralization logical? Delegation per se does not have to compromise management control; should not, in fact, provided the needed skill exists. But the danger is always present.0. Controlling is significant in management however it changes to some extent. (E)SSS_SIMPLE_SIN1.However managers are afraid of losing control, the pressure to delegate has been seen recently.A B C D E F G H该问题分值: 0.125答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN2.With the development of companies, more decision-makings are authorized in the boss's name.A B C D E F G H该问题分值: 0.125答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN3.Companies should place their emphasis on decentralization and group work for philosophical and practical reasons.A B C D E F G H该问题分值: 0.125答案:HSSS_SIMPLE_SIN4.Definition of controlling reflects a democratic aspect of management.A B C D E F G H该问题分值: 0.125答案:ASSS_SIMPLE_SIN5.Empowerment is a good supplement to the delegation of authority downward.A B C D E F G H该问题分值: 0.125答案:HSSS_SIMPLE_SIN6.Though it is popular and urgent, downward shifting in management raises many serious questions.A B C D E F G H该问题分值: 0.125答案:ESSS_SIMPLE_SIN7.More rights have to be given to promotable subordinates, even though the boss is competent.A B C D E F G H该问题分值: 0.125答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN8.Though nowadays many people like a more collective-sounding word, running and monitoring is also significant.A B C D E F G H该问题分值: 0.125答案:ASECTION 2 (Questions 9-14) -Read the passage below and choose the best sentence from the list (marked A,B,C…) to fill each of the blanks. -DO NOT use any choice more than once. -There is an example at the beginning (0) of the passage.In an uncertain economic environment, top management will be interested in asset management and flow management. (0) . They can represent over 50 percent of manufactures'' total asset, and more than 80 percent of wholesalers'' and retailers'' total assets.When top management mandates a reduction in accounts receivable and/or inventories, its objective is to improve cash flow and reduce **pany''s investment in assets. (9). But reduction in the terms of sale, or even enforcement of the stated terms of sale, in effect changes tile **ponent ofthe firm''s marketing mix. (10).The arbitrary reduction of accounts receivable and/or inventories in the absence of technological change or changes in the logistics system can have a devastating impact on corporate profit performance.(11). First, the change alters the manufacturer''s price and therefore **petitive position of its products, which may lead to decreased sales. Second, it **plicates the cash flow problems of the manufacturer''s customers. Forcing faster payment of invoices causes channel members to improve their cash flow by reducing their inventories of the manufacturer''s products. (12). This situation may also result in stock-out of the manufacturer''s products as the wholesale or retail level of the channel, further reducing sales volume.Similarly, a manufacturer''s policy of arbitrarily reducing inventory level to increase inventory sums, in the absence of a system change, may escalate transportation costs and/or production setup costs as the logistics system scrambles to achieve thespecified customer service levels with lower inventories (assuming**pany was efficiently and effectively distributing products prior to the policy change). (13). In this case, customer service levels would be eroded, and a decrease in market share might result. (14).A. However, if management concentrates on system changes that improve logistics efficiency and/or effectiveness, it may be able to satisfy all of the firm''s objectives.B. Usually, management assumes that revenues and other costs will remain the same.C. They do so by placing smaller, more frequent orders, which may increase total logistics cost for both the manufacturer and its customers.D. In either set of circumstances, the increased cost of transportation and/or production or the lost sales contribution could far exceed the savings in inventory carrying cost.E. If a manufacturer changes its terms of sale, for example, the effect on wholesalers and retailers will be twofold.F. In addition, simply reducing the level of inventory can significantly increase the cost of logistics if current inventories have been set at a level that allows the firm to achieve least total cost logistics for a desired level of customer service.G. Alternatively, pressure to reduce expenses may preclude the use of premium transportation or increased production setups to achieve the desired customer service levels with smaller inventory.H. The two **mon strategies used to improve cash flow and return on assets are: (l) reducing accounts receivable and (2) reducing the investment in inventory, as inventories and accounts receivable are a major portion of corporate assets.EXAMPLE：The correct answer for blank (0) is [H].SSS_SIMPLE_SIN9.A B C D E F G H该问题分值: 0.XX6667答案:BSSS_SIMPLE_SIN10.A B C D E F G H该问题分值: 0.XX6667答案:FSSS_SIMPLE_SIN11.A B C D E F G H该问题分值: 0.XX6667答案:ESSS_SIMPLE_SIN12.A B C D E F G H该问题分值: 0.XX6667答案:DSSS_SIMPLE_SIN13.A B C D E F G H该问题分值: 0.XX6667答案:GSSS_SIMPLE_SIN14.A B C D E F G H该问题分值: 0.XX6667答案:HSECTION 3 (Questions 15-20) -Read the article below and answer questions that follow.The tariff-jumping motive for FDI is well developed in the literature. The trade-of foreign firms typically face in these models is based on the level of the tariff when exporting versus the boardcost associated with setting up a manufacturing plant abroad. Other **pare the effects of tariffs with the effects of quota and voluntary export restraints (VERs) and have shown how the profit gain for foreign firms due to VERs lowers the propensity to engage in FDI. While the use of tariffs, quota and VERs has been reduced as a result of multilateral trade negotiations, the use of other trade policy instruments, notably antidumping, has increased. Recent empirical work has confirmed that the FDI response to antidumping actions is certainly not uncommon, in particular in case of antidumping actions targeting Japanese firms, in a recent study, analyses duty-jumping FDI by firms based in other countries than Japan. The antidumping jumping FDI is very limited in scale in case firms without international experience based in developing countries are targeted.Given the demonstrated importance of FDI responses to antidumping actions, it is surprising that the theoretical literature on the effects of antidumping law have by and large ignored the issue of antidumping jumping. In a symmetric model of two countries considering reciprocal (anti-)dumping and reciprocal FDI, they find that producers in both countries would gain from the abolition of antidumping law from the WTO statute. This result is driven by the fact that reciprocal antidumping jumping FDI **petition and reduces profits of domestic firms.All types of international price discrimination with the lower price charged in the EU can classify as dumping, at least for products for which there are close EU substitutes. We explicitly consider a clause in EU antidumping law that allows the EU administration to settle antidumping actions either by levying duties or by demanding price undertakings from the foreign exporting firms. Our model shows that this decision will depend on the objective function of the EU administration, which may vary between protecting the interests of EU industry only (maximizing producer surplus) and also taking into account the interests of consumers and user industries (maximizing EU social welfare). The former corresponds to the direct objective of antidumping law. Pursuing the latter is in line with the public interests'' embedded in EU antidumping law by which the EU Commission is held to consider repercussions on consumers and user industries. A second aspect of EU antidumping incorporated in the model is that the level of duties and price undertakings is typically determined by the degree to which foreign firms undercut EU producers'' prices on the EU market. This rule isapplied to ensure that antidumping measures remove the injury to EU industry. The rule limits the discretionary power of the EU administration in determining duty and price undertaking levels.Contrary to the symmetric model of Haland and Wooton, weexplicitly take on boardcost asymmetries, viz. a cost advantage of the foreign firm. Such a cost advantage is a most likely reason for price undercutting by foreign exporters resulting in antidumping actions. We allow cost advantages to be either ''firm-specific'', in which case they are internationally transferable through FDI, or''location specific''. We show that the occurrence of duty jumping FDI in the EU requires that the foreign firm''s cost advantage is at least partly firm specific. In the next section we present the model for the case of products which are sufficiently close substitutes (''like'' products) and firm-specific cost advantages, assuming that the EU administration is able to commit to antidumping actions before the foreign firm''s investment decision, and allowing two alternative policy objectives (producer surplus and social welfare).For this purpose we used a three-stage model. In the first stage, the EU administration decides whether to take antidumping measures, and if so, whether to levy a duty or allow a price undertaking. In the second stage the foreign firm decides whether to serve the EU market through export or FDI. In the third stage, the foreign firm is engaged in **petition with a local firm on the EU market, whichoffers close substitute products. Injury arises from a production cost advantage of the foreign firm, which may either be location specific, for example, based on lower foreign wages or firm specific like based on a transferable technological advantage.SSS_SINGLE_SEL15.According to the first paragraph, what does the study about tariff-jumping motive show?A The welfare and strategic effects of antidumping laws under alternative market structures.B Industries' incentives to petition for antidumping.C These studies show under which conditions foreign firms prefer to set up local production units over exporting when serving distant markets.D The potential effect of antidumping measures in strengthening collusive practices.该问题分值: 0.XX6667答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL16.What does the evidence show in the second paragraph?A The evidence suggests that EU firms show a comparable FDI response if they are targeted by US antidumping actions.B The evidence shows the possibility of a 'protection building equilibrium'.C A foreign firm that intends to engage in second period FDI increases its first period export in order to increase the level of protection faced by the rival foreign firm.D The evidence implies that they are concerned with the effects of economic integration involving the abolition of antidumping law.该问题分值: 0.XX6667答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL17.After reading the first three paragraphs, what do you think the two studies deal with?A The two studies examine antidumping jumping FDI in the context of EU antidumping practices.B Two studies deal with the relationship between antidumping and FDI.C They analyze the conditions under which antidumping jumping FDI occurs.D They explain the output and welfare effects of antidumping actions.该问题分值: 0.XX6667答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL18.What does the writer imply in the fourth paragraph?A An antidumping duty is akin to a tariff.B A price undertaking is a commitment by the foreign firm to raise its price.C The conditions under which undertakings are allowed are not well articulated in EU antidumping law.D An EU antidumping case can only be initiated when imports are dumped on the European market and cause material injury.该问题分值: 0.XX6667答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL19.From the fifth paragraph, in the case of cost advantages, what does FDI imply?A It implies that it is often a feature of exporters based in developing countries.B It implies that foreign firms relinquish their cost advantage and produce at the same marginal cost as those of EU producers.C It implies the differences in FDI responses between firms from developed and developing countries.D It implies that in EU antidumping practice, a substantial number of cases are settled through price-undertakings.该问题分值: 0.XX6667答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL20.What is the main theme of this article?A The article is about the effects of EU antidumping policy when foreign firms can jump antidumping duties in the EU.B The article shows that duty jumping or duty pre-empting FDI occurs if the EU administration has broader objectives.C The article is about the expectation of price undertakings reduces the incentives to engage in FDI and may even discourage.D The article shows that FDI as long as products are not too differentiated.该问题分值: 0.XX6667答案:ASECTION 4 (Questions 21-30) -Read the article below and choose the best answer to fill each blank from the 4 choices marked A,B,C, and D. -The answer for blank (0) has been given as an example.INTERNET: A COST-EFFECTIVE WAY TO PROMOTE BUSINESSThe Internet is changing the way people shop and purchase goods. It has created a new market (0) great opportunities for people running a small home-business and gives them a big advantage over the typical retail establishment. Before, if a customer wanted to buy a stereo for example, they had to jump into their car, go to a (31) stores to see who has the best price, deal with the traffic and wait in long lines, then make the purchase. With the Internet, (32) is done right from **fort of the consumer''s home. They simply point & click. There is (33) limit to the amount of business that a web merchant can bring in from on-line sales and it can be done right from your home. You are not limited to state or national boundaries. The whole world is your customer base! Compared to say a local flower shop (34) is limited to only the customers within that general area.The World Wide Web has created an avenue for individuals to set up shop and generate high profits (35) the expensive overhead costs of a brick and mortar storefront. It has given an opportunity for small businesses to give the appearance of a large, well-**pany, which puts (36) on a level playing field to compete (37) the**panies. It is a low-maintenance low-cost form of advertising your products and services. To get set up with your own on-line store is extremely easy and inexpensive. In fact, it''s the most cost-effective way to reach many thousands of buyers (38) the globe. Having a website is a must for (39) company doing business today to **petitive and offer convenience to (40) customers. If you don''t have a website, chances are **petitors will, and they will make the sale.EXAMPLE：The correct answer for blank (0) is “WITH ”.SSS_FILL21.该问题分值: 0.1答案:FEWSSS_FILL22.该问题分值: 0.1答案:THIS/ITSSS_FILL23.该问题分值: 0.1答案:NOSSS_FILL24.该问题分值: 0.1答案:THAT/WHICHSSS_FILL25.该问题分值: 0.1答案:WITHOUTSSS_FILL26.该问题分值: 0.1答案:THEMSSS_FILL27.该问题分值: 0.1答案:WITHSSS_FILL28.该问题分值: 0.1答案:ACROSSSSS_FILL29.该问题分值: 0.1答案:ANYSSS_FILL30.该问题分值: 0.1答案:THEIRSECTION 5 (Questions 31-40) -Read the article below, for each question 31-40, write ONE word in CAPITAL LETTERS in the blank (answer area). -There is an example at the beginning, (0).Promotions, Transfers, and SeparationsIn the past, employees stayed with a company for most or all of their working life. Today''s employees, however, are more (0) to change jobs several times as they search for better opportunities. In the United States, most organizations experience (21), costly employee (22) as employees leave for one reason or another. Turnover occurs because of promotions, transfers, and separations.A promotion is an advancement, or (23) movement within an organization to a position with increased authority, responsibility, and salary. In **panies, (24)—the length of time a person has been with **pany—is the key issue in determining who should be promoted.A transfer is a horizontal move from one job to another within a company. Transfers allow workers to obtain new skills or to find a new (25) within an organization when their old position has been (26) because of automation, decreased sales, or some other factors.A separation is the departure of the employee from the organization. Separations occur because of resignation, layoff, and retirement. Resignation is giving up one''s job (27). A layoff is (28) of employment due to slow business conditions, the elimination of specific jobs, or the closing of work facilities. Retirement is separation because of age or after a specified number of years of service.A well-organized human resources department strives to (29) losses due to separations and transfers because recruiting and training new employees is very expensive. A high turnover (30) in an organization may signal problems with the selection or training process or with **pensation program.A. ableB. impossibleC. aboutD. likelyEXAMPLE：The correct answer for blank (0) is D.SSS_SINGLE_SEL31.A considerableB considerateC consolableD comprehensive该问题分值: 0.1答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SELA workB transferC separationD turnover该问题分值: 0.1答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL 33.A horizontalB flatC verticalD fluctuating该问题分值: 0.1答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL 34.A numberB seniorityC experienceD sense该问题分值: 0.1答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL 35.A roleB positionC dutyD responsibility该问题分值: 0.1答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL 36.A evaluatedB changedC turnedD eliminated该问题分值: 0.1SSS_SINGLE_SEL37.A voluntarilyB by oneselfC automaticallyD passively该问题分值: 0.1答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL38.A decreaseB sensibilityC suspensionD pause该问题分值: 0.1答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL39.A reduceB increaseC minimizeD black out该问题分值: 0.1答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL40.A speed-upB rateC degreeD grade该问题分值: 0.1答案:BSECTION 6 (Questions 41-52) -Read the text below. -In most of the lines (41-52) there is ONE EXTRA WORD which is either grammatically incorrect or does not fit in with the meaning of the text. Some lines, however, are correct. -If a line is correct, writ0. Leadership is not about getting to do what they want to. If they did what TO00. they want, you wouldn''t be needed as a leader. Instead, leadership is about getting CORRECT41. people to do what they don''t want to do (or don''t think they can do so)—and be42. **mitted to doing it. This paradox lies at the heart of all great leadership.43. Unlike management, about which involves simply the care and feeding of your44. organizational elephant, great leadership gets that elephant to jump up. Anyone45. who knows anything about elephants knows about that they may run, they may46. stand on their hind legs, and they may kneel on their fore legs, they may roll over;47. but they don''t jump. And that''s what leadership is all aboutits getting organizations48. to do what they usually can''t do, i.e., getting out greatresults consistently. Now,49. you can''t do the jumping yourself. The elephant must do it out. You can''t push the50. elephant into the air. It must jump out of its own volition. Making the elephant51. jump involves that cultivating a special relationship between the leader and the52. people of the organization. Many misunderstand that relationship. They try to use fear and pain to spur the activity needed to achieve consistently great results. "Sure, I''ll get this elephant to jump. Just give me a cattle prod!" But inducing fear and pain are habit forming and ultimately destructive both to the leader and the people.SSS_FILL41.该问题分值: 0.XX33333答案:SOSSS_FILL42.该问题分值: 0.XX33333答案:CORRECTSSS_FILL43.该问题分值: 0.XX33333答案:ABOUTSSS_FILL44.该问题分值: 0.XX33333答案:UPSSS_FILL45.该问题分值: 0.XX33333答案:ABOUTSSS_FILL46.该问题分值: 0.XX33333答案:ANDSSS_FILL47.该问题分值: 0.XX33333答案:ITSSS_FILL48.该问题分值: 0.XX33333答案:OUTSSS_FILL49.该问题分值: 0.XX33333答案:OUTSSS_FILL50.该问题分值: 0.XX33333答案:OUTSSS_FILL51.该问题分值: 0.XX33333答案:THATSSS_FILL52.该问题分值: 0.XX33333答案:CORRECTPART 2 WRITING （45 MIN） SECTION 153.? The bar chart below shows the sales figures of two stores during a 9-year period.? Using the information of the chart, write a **paring the performances of the two stores.? Write 120—140 words on your Answer Sheet.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 1答案:The aim of this report is to compare the performances of two stores, namely Robinsons and Olsons. The report is based on the sales figures between 1994 and 2003.In 1994, sales of Robinsons were at $ 10 million. During the following 5 years sales increased steadily and peaked at $15 million in 1999 . They then decreased significantly and ended down at $5 million in 2003.In contrast, sales of Olsons began lower at almost $ 5 million in 1994, then by 1999 had doubled and continued to perform well. In 2003 sales reached the margin of $ 16 million.To sum up, we can say that **panies performed well at the beginning of the period but then Olsons continued to increase whereas Robinsons dropped and ended at a lower point than at the beginning of the 9 year period.54.Question 2**pany hopes to get insights into the hiring of adults with mild mental retardation and its effects on the running of **pany. You have been asked to write a proposal for strategies of employing mentally disabled people in **pany.Write your proposal, including the following:a brief description of the current policy of **pany regarding the hiring of disabled peoplean analysis of mentally disabled people''s capability of performing certain tasks in **panya description of the benefits from hiring these people recommendations for training strategiesQuestion 3**pany, an international hotel business, has been considering expansion in a foreign country. You have been asked to write a brief report which evaluates a particular city''s potential of being the site for a new hotel.Write the report for your manager, including the following information:why the city is a good location for a new hotelwhat merit special attention if the hotel has to be successfulwhat needs further noticeQuestion 4Your manager has received a request from one employee for reimbursement for expenses of a business visit to customers. The manager has decided that some of the expenses should not be covered by **pany. You have been asked to write a letter informing this employee of this decision.Write the letter to the employee,acknowledging his right for reimbursement for some business expensesclarifying the expenses that will not be covered and explaining whystating the procedure for getting reimbursement from **panySSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 0答案:Sample answer to question 3:Why New Horizons Hotels Should Develop a Hotel in PragueThis report is intended to imply a decision that New Horizons Hotels should open a five-star hotel in Prague staffed by an international management team and international workers. It is also suggestible that additional research be made to decide whether to build a new hotel or buy an existing property.Both a tourist and business destination, Prague is an attractive site for a new hotel. Prague needs many more hotel rooms than it has; occupancy is high.Competition for a five-star hotel is limited. TheIntercontinental is too old to be a **petitor) the Panorama and Park are not in the center of the city; and the International is a leisure spa, not a business hotel. To have the **petitive advantage. New Horizons' hotel should be located in the shopping and business center of the city with ample banquet and conference space, parking, and modem facilities such as a health center, sauna, pool, and squash court.The number of trained personnel to work in the tourism industryis insufficient. Managers do not understand Western management methods. Workers have not been trained to give friendly, high-quality service. And only a few people speak English and other Western languages. New Horizons should bring in an international management team and international workers to provide the service international travelers expect in a five-star hotel.More information is needed to decide whether to build a new hotel or buy an existing property. Building a new hotel would be the simplest option, since any existing building would need extensive revision. However, an existing building would have architectural and perhaps historic interest and might be more appealing to tourists.PART 3 LISTENING （30 MIN） NOTE: IN THE REAL TEST, YOU WILL HAVE EXTRA 10 MINUTES TO TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO YOUR ANSWER SHEET. SECTION 1 (Questions 1-12) -You will hear 3 conversations or messages. -Write ONE or TWO words or a number in the numberedBUSINESS PRESENTATION。
剑桥商务英语（BEC）高级官方考试报告解析
剑桥商务英语（BEC）⾼级官⽅考试报告解析剑桥商务英语考试(bec)是由英国剑桥外语考试部研发的⼀项旨在考察真实⼯作环境中英语交流能⼒的考试。
每年，剑桥外语考试部都会根据考试情况发布官⽅的考试报告，为从事和学习商务英语的⽼师和同学提供指导。
preparing for bec higher reading阅读部分candidates should给应试者的建议1.read the rubrics for each part carefully. this may save time as you can give information about the overall context for the text.仔细审题。
通过审题可以了解整篇⽂章的⼤致内容，做题时可以节省时间。
2.read through the whole of the texts for parts 1-3 before attempting the questions. if you start answering questions too hastily by selecting the first options that look possible superficially, you may later discover that you were wrong and waste time doing the questions all over again.在做第⼀⾄第三部分的题⽬时，应该先通读全⽂，再回答问题。
如果草率回答，到后来发现答案有误，再重新修改，这样就会浪费时间。
3.make sure that the answers for part 1 are justified in terms of genuine paraphrases in the texts or extracts, equivalent to the statements, and are not based on a purely superficial resemblance, such as simple ‘word-spotting’.做第⼀部分时，要理解⽂章的含义，⽽不是简单地找到对应的内容，这种“填字式”的答案往往只是表⾯上对应⽽已。
BEC2商务英语证书考试
BEC商务英语证书考试BEC即剑桥商务英语证书考试，是剑桥大学考试委员会（UCLES）设立的。
很多人误认为BEC 考试针对是那些学与商务有关的专业人员的，其实不然。
因为无论你学的专业是什么，都要在某个特定的商务环境中运用，BEC考查的正是这种普遍存在的商务环境中应具备的通识与能力。
剑桥大学考试委员会设立BEC考试的目的是在全球范围内建立一个测试商界雇员英语水平的统一标准，使BEC证书被跨国公司和非英语国家的大公司用作商务英语测试标准，以评估在真实商务环境下雇员的英语水平，使人力资源部门能准确评估雇员商务英语的运用技能。
因此，与我国的四、六级考试相比较，BEC考试更侧重对英语实际运用能力的考查。
换句话说，BEC中的考查内容都是可以马上拿到实际工作中去的，不会出现所谓高分低能现象。
在日常生活和工作中，语言信息的传递主要是通过听和说来进行的。
尤其是对国际商务活动中的人员来说，外语的听说能力更为重要。
常见的商务活动如电话联系、业务洽谈、会议交流和发言，都需要运用听说。
但由于我国外语教学中存在的一些原因，相当多的人存在着阅读能力较强，而听说能力却相对较弱的问题。
笔者曾经多次为武汉经济开发区的外企及合资企业员工进行英语培训，受训者普遍反映工作中与外籍人士交流的最大问题是听和说，尤其是听，因为听是相对较被动的一种活动，如果你过多地让对方pardon，会使对方对你变得不耐烦，并对你的英语能力产生怀疑。
BEC2（VANTAGE）考试设计在指导思想上把听力放到了相当重要的位置。
从BEC2各部分所占比例来看，阅读部分答题数为45，听力部分答题数为30，两者相比3：2，这在各类英语水平考试中所占比例而言其比重之大是少有的。
另外，BEC2听力部分题型设计的指导思想为考查考生理解在不同场合中，特别是各种环境中使用的英语口语的能力，尤其是提取其中重要住处和了解、归纳所听内容大意的能力。
这些都是实际商务活动中所必需的技能。
能否在BEC2考试听力部分取得较高的分数，取决于三个方面：（1）是否具有良好的英语听力；（2）对商务及相关行业的基本知识及词汇是否熟悉；（3）对BEC2考试听力部分的题型及其特点是否了解。
剑桥商务英语证书考试(BEC)真题汇编及详解(第3辑 初级)(1-2章)【圣才出品】
第1章剑桥商务英语证书考试（BEC）初级考试指南1.1考试简介剑桥商务英语证书（BEC）考试是由英国剑桥大学与国家教育考试中心合作举办，注重考生在商务环境中用英语进行交际的能力。
BEC考试并以其高度权威性和实用性成为一门全球化考试，并且也是我国众多外资企业衡量应聘者水平的标准。
BEC考试改革后，于2002年实行的新版BEC考试分为三个等级：BEC初级（BEC Preliminary）、BEC中级（BEC Vantage）和BEC高级（BEC Higher）。
BEC考试在中国每年举行两次，测试内容主要与商业相关，但并非纯粹的商业知识，而是工作环境下英语的交际运用能力。
BEC初级证书是为需在办公环境中使用商务英语的雇员而设计的。
1.2试题分析2002年改革后的BEC初级（BEC Preliminary）考试分笔试、口试两个阶段，由阅读、写作、听力和口语四部分组成。
阅读和写作时间总共为90分钟，听力为40分钟左右，口语为12分钟。
试卷结构如下所示：(1)阅读BEC初级（BEC Preliminary）阅读共分为七个部分，题型分类为：单选题、搭配题、图表对应题、判断题（对\错\未提及）、多项选择题、完形填空题和填写表格题。
共45个小题◆单选题该部分共5道小题，为三选一题型。
每小题所给材料为会出现在日常商务活动中的便条（note）、通知（notice）、留言（message）、时间表（timetable）、广告（advertisement）、传单（leaflet）等。
信息内容完整简洁，通常只有一两句话。
测试重点在于对材料意思的辨别和理解。
◆搭配题搭配题也共有5道小题，正文是以清单形式列出的A到H共8项内容，之后会有互不相关的5句话，一般描述了不同人的需求，要求考生根据每句话的描述找到与之相对应的选项。
需要注意的是由于有8个选项和5句话，因此会有3个多余选项。
该部分主要考查词汇和意义。
◆图表对应题该部分会给出一个图表（多柱状图和曲线图），图表横轴上标有A到H，或给出依次标为A到H的8个图表，之后会有5个解释图表信息的句子。
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Test 4READING 1 hourPART ONEQuestions 1-8• Look at the statements below and at the five extracts from a newspa per article on the opposite page about people who have set up their own internet companies.• Which extract (A, B, C, D or E) does each statement 1-8 refer to?• For each statement (1-8), mark one letter (A, B, C, D or E) on your Answer Sheet.• You will n eed to use some of these letters more than once.• There is an example at the beginning, (0).Example:0 These people sought help to forecast their likely cash flow.1 These people have not paid themselves out of their company’s income so far.2 These people had knowledge which they wanted to exploit in a different type of company.3 These people’s initial efforts to obtain start-up funding were unsuccessful.4 These people have developed a very effective process for handling sales.5 These people devised a mixed media approach to advertising.6 These people felt that they could improve companies’ focus on customers.7 These people intend to make their marketing more cost-effective.8 These people are targeting a relatively small number of discerning clients.AE-GAMESJohn and Stephanie both wanted a complete career change. Selling children’s games over the internet seemed a foolproof idea, but their biggest challenge was to secure financial backing. First they contacted numerous venture capitalists, but from the response of the few that would even talk to them, they realized they would get nowhere until they had spelt out in detail how they intended to turn their concept into reality. So the next step was to work with a group of start-up consultants, to devise a business plan making their expected revenue streams more precise.BSUREKSue and Derek’s plan was to sell clothes over the internet. After a shaky start, leading to serious cash flow problems, which meant they occasionally had little to live on, they realized they would have to advertise much more seriously: on the internet, they used online marketing tools to the full to produce increases in traffic, and combined this within tensive publicity outside the internet. Within six months they had built a large customer database, at which stage it was necessary to begin looking for capital to build the business.CWONDERWEBTwo senior advertising executives, frustrated with the pace of change in an industry they felt was falling to take advantage of new media, Sally and Sue were keen to translate their advertising and marketing skills into an online environment. To their surprise, they found that many websites seemed to have been developed without taking any account of users” needs. Sure that the opportu nity was ripe for a business with a strong marketing proposition, they started offering marketing services to other small online businesses.DSUPERGIFTSMichael and Tony set up a company to sell up market gifts, such as glassware andporcelain, online. The niche market they have identified is professional and affluent, a group which their research revealed is increasingly internet literate, is looking for exceptional goods at the right price and has high service expectations. A low-level marketing campaign generated more than 2000 customers, with a high-value average order. The entire system from web order to delivery is proving to be highly successful, with all orders being fulfilled within the advertised five days without any returns or breakages.EABB IE’sThe first phases of the company’s growth have been funded through a mix of personal investment, foregone salaries and bank overdraft. The next phase will be crucial. Their biggest challenge will be to distinguish themselves from a plethora of competitive sites, most of which are spending far more than they are. T o stand out from the crowd, Paul and Abbie are working to target and reach their audience better, and generate higher sales, but of necessity without increasing their budget. The company’s tota l marketing vision will be the key to success.【答案与解析】1. E 目前为止，人们还没有从公司收入里获得自己的收入。
E段的第一句话提到公司最初发展阶段的资金有个人投资，个人曾经的薪水以及银行透支，由此可推出人们还没有获得曾经的个人收入，故选E。
2. C 这些人希望把自己的知识用在另一类型的公司里。
C段第二句提到“Sally and Suewere keen to translate their advertising and marketing skills into an online environment.”，即Sally和Sue希望把自己的广告及市场营销能力应用到网络环境里。
他们开始为其他小型的网络公司提供营销服务。
3. A 人们为获得启动资金的初步努力失败了。
A段讲到“they contacted numerousventure capitalists, but from the response of the few that would even talk to them”，即John和Stephanie向风险投资家们寻求创业的财政帮助，但几乎没有人愿意帮助他们，故选A。