时态语态复习课件六

动词的语态 (voice)
Leading-in(7mins.)
动词的语态
语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。 主语是动作的发出者为主动语态； 主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。
（一）主动语态变被动语态的方法
1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。 2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过 去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。 3. 把主动语态的主语变为介词 by 的宾语， 放在被动语态里谓语动词之后， by 短语可 以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动 语态中用in + 地点名词作状语。
6. 当主动句的主语是nobody, no one等 含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中 将其变为 anybody, 作 by 的宾语，并将 谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如： Nobody can answer this question. 误： The question can be answered by nobody. 正：The question can not be answered by anybody.
The new product sells well. The pen writes smoothly.
对比：
The books sell well. (主动句)
The books were sold out. (被动句)
•要想正确地使用被动语 态，就须注意哪些动词 是及物的，哪些是不及 物的。特别是一词多义 的动词往往有两种用法。 解决这一问题唯有在学 习过程中多留意积累。
11. is cleaned 12. be seen 13. have been watered 14.sells 15. has been 16. smells 17. is dancing
二.1.Do grow 2. is given to me 3. soon is 4. will be sung 5. needn’t be done 6. is used for 7. was made to do 8. is being watched 9. Was built 10. have been sold 11. is called
现在进行时：am / is / are + being + given 过去进行时：was / were + being + given 现在完成时：have / has + been + given 过去完成时：had + been + given 将来完成时：shall / will + have been + given 过去将来完成时： should / would + have been + given ［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来 进行时。
Analyzing +Checking(12mins.)
语态转换时所注意的问题
1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词
的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词
的数要与新主语保持一致。
We have bought a new computer.
A new computer has been bought.
（1） My aunt invited me to her dinner party. • 主语 谓语 宾语 • → I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party. • 主语 谓语 宾语 • （2） The school set up a special class to help poor readers. • → A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school.
如果把直接宾语 ( 指物 ) 改为主语，则在间接 宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：
A present was given to me yesterday.
注意： 一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾
语前用介词 to，如： bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。 The cup with mixture was showed to the class. My bike was lent to her.
(二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化 主要体现在 be 的变化上，其形式与系 动词be的变化形式完全一样。以give 为例， 列表如下： 一般现在时：am / is / are + given 一般过去时：was / were +given 一般将来时：shall / will + given 一 般 过 去 将 来 时 ： should / would + given
We often hear him play the guitar. →He is often heard to play the guitar.
注意：带有复合宾语的句子，如果宾语补足 语是名词，变被动句时，应将宾语变为主语， 不要误把宾语补足语的名词作主语。如：
Tomatoes were first taken back to Europe and people called them love apples. 误：Love apples were called them. 正：They were called love apples.
7. 有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它 们和well, badly, easily等副词连用时，
表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动
词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语
态，常见的有：write, read, clean, sell,
wash, cook 等。
The cloth washes easily.
Challenge yourself!!!!
out, find out, give up, hand in, make out,
pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out
4. 带复合宾语 (宾语+ 宾补)的动词改为被动 语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语， 而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：
Thinking(15mins.)
Discussion(6mins.) Check your answers with each other.
Presentation(5mins.)
一.1. will be built 2.is being discussed 3. is spoken 4.hasn’t been found 5. were cut 6. are told 7. must be sent 8.are sold 9. are made; are made 10. be taken
We always keep the classroom clean. →The classroom is always kept clean.
注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语 的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后 都带to.
一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for, 如： build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。 Mother made me a new skirt. (A new skirt was made for me. ) The meat was cooked for us. Some country music was played for us.
3. 由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，介 词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：
不及物动词+ 介词，如: agree to, ask for, think of, talk about 等。
及物动词 + 副词：如： bring about, carry
laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after,
5. 还有一种短语动词由动词+ 名词+ 介 词构成，变被动语态有两种形式： 1) We take good care of the books. The books are taken good care of. Good care is taken of the book. 用于这类结构的短语动词常见的有： catch sight of, make use of, pay attention to, set fire to, take care of, take hold of, take notice of, keep an eye on 等。
(正确)
A new computer have been bought.
(错误)
2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别 将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动， 一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.
保留宾语
I was given a present on my birthday.