自主招生英语试题

名人堂：众名人带你感受他们的驱动人生马云任志强李嘉诚柳传志史玉柱953. The experiences of female physicists mentioned in the passage indicate ______.A. it‗s really hard to win the Nobel Prize.B. women scientists have continued to be confronted with deep-seated discrimination.C. women need to make more efforts in scientific research.D. women scientists play an important role in science.54. Which of the following statements does the author probably agree with?A. Women are innately less suited to mathematically intensive sciences.B. Female physicists can share the same fame and payment with male physicists very soon.C. Women are seldom in the top ranks of science due to their biological weaknesses.D. It is hard to eliminate the discrimination against women scientist even today.55. According to the author, ______ will be responsible for the deeply-seated bias against women in science?A. traditional conventionsB. biological genesC. bureaucraciesD. institutionsB. Complete the sentences with the information gives in the test and write answers on your ANSWER SHEET.56.Onereasonforthebeliefthatwomenarelessadaptedtomathematicalcanbeexplained in _______________.57. The story of Gail G. Hanson shows that men _______________.58. Mentioning the book―Out of Shadows‖, the writer uses two words with the similar meaningone is―barriers‖, the other is ___________.59.Unliketheirmalecounterparts,femalescientistsarenotonlypoorly-paid,butalso_______and ______ in the leading positions of the scientific world.60. The meaning of the word―documents‖in the first paragraph is ________.(3)Whytheinductiveandmathematicalsciences,afterfirstrapiddevelopmentattheculminationofGreek civilization,advanced soslowlyfor twothousandyears—and whyinthefollowing two hundred years a knowledge of natural and mathematical science has accumulated, which so vastly exceeds all that was previously known that these sciences may be justly regarded as the products of our own times--- are questions which have interested the modern philosophernot less than the objects with which these sciences are more immediately conversant. Was it the employment of a new method of research, or in the exercise of greater virtue in the use of the old methods,thatthissingularmodernphenomenonhaditsorigin?Wasthelongperiodoneofarresteddevelopment,andismoderneraoneofnormal growth?Or shouldweascribethe characteristicsof whichno explanationispossible,saveinthe omnipotence andwisdomofaguiding Province.10Theexplanationwhichhasbecomecommonplace,thattheancientsemployeddeductionchiefly in their scientific inquiries, while the moderns employ induction, proves to be too narrow, and fails upon close examination to point with sufficient distinctness the contrast that is evident between ancient and modern scientific doctrines and inquiries. For all knowledgeis founded onobservation,andproceedsfromthisbyanalysis,bysynthesisandanalysis,byinductionanddeduction, and if possible by verification, or by new appeals to observation under the guidance of deduction–by steps whichareindeedcorrelativepartsofonemethod;andtheancient sciencesaffordexamplesofeveryoneofthesemethods,orpartsofonemethod,whichhavebeengeneralized from the example of science.Afailuretoemployortoemployadequatelyanyoneofthesepartialmethods,andimperfection in the arts and resources of observation and experiment, carelessness in observation, neglectofrelevantfacts,byappealtoexperimentandobservation---thesearethefaults whichcause all failures to ascertain truth, whether among the ancients or the moderns; but this statement does not explain why the modern is possessed of a greater virtue, and by what means he attained his superiority. Much less does it explain the sudden growth of science in recent times.Theattempttodiscovertheexplanationofthisphenomenonintheantithesisof―facts‖and―theories‖or―facts‖and―ideas‖—in the neglect among the ancient of the former, and their tooexclusiveattentiontothelatter—provesalsotobetoonarrow,as wellasopentothe chargeofvagueness.Forinthefirstplace,theantithesisisnotcomplete.Factsandtheoriesarenotcoordinate species. Theories, if true, facts--- a particular class of facts indeed, generally complex, and if a logical connection subsists between their constituents, have all the positive attributes of theories.Nevertheless,thisdistinction,howeverinadequateitmaybetoexplainthesourceoftruemethod in science, is well founded, and connotes an important character in true method. A fact is apropositionofsimple.Atheory,ontheotherhand,iftruehasallthecharacteristicsofafact,except thatitsverificationispossibleonlybyremote ,anddifficult means. Toconverttheories into facts is to add simple verification, and the theory thus acquires the full characteristics of a fact.61. The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is―_____‖A. Methods of Scientific Inquiry.B. Philosophy of mathematicsC. The Recent Growth in Science.erification of Facts62. According to the author, one possible reason for the growth of science during the days of the ancient Greeks and in modern times is ______.A. due to the decline of the deductive method.B. the similarity between the two periods.C. that it was an act of God.11D. that both tried to develop the inductive method.63. The difference between―fact‖and―theory‖_______A. helps us to understand the deductive method.B. is that the latter needs confirmationC. rests on the simplicity of the former.D. is the difference between the modern scientists and the ancient Greeks.64. According to the author, mathematics is ______A. based on fact and theory.B. an inductive scienceC. in need of simple verificationD. a deductive science65. The statement―Theories are facts‖may be called.A. a punB. a metaphorC. a paradox.D. an appraisal of the inductive and deductive methods. Part V ClozeThe fistandsmallestunitthatcanbediscussedinrelationtolanguageistheword. Inspeaking, the choice of words is ___66___ the utmost importance. Proper selection will eliminate one source of ___67___ breakdown in the communication ___68___. Too often, careless use of words___69___ameetingofthemindsofthespeakerandlistener.Thewordsusedbythespeakermay____70___unfavorablereactionsinthelistener__71___interferewithhiscomprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down.___72___, inaccurate or indefinite words may make it difficult for the listener to understandthe message which is being ___73___ to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his ___74___ vocabulary may be ___75___ to explain or describe in a that can be understood by his listeners.66.A. ofB. atC. forD. on67.A. inaccessibleB. timelyC. likelyD. invalid68.A. cycleB. technologyC. deliveryD. skill69.A. encouragesB. preventsC. destroysD. facilitate70.A. pass outB. take awayC. back upD. stir up71.A. whoB. asC. whichD. what72.A. MoreoverB. HoweverC. PreliminarilyD. Unexpectedly73.A. deliveredB. accessibleC. availableD. transmitted74.A. academicB. specialC. workingD. general75.A. obscureB. difficultC. impossibleD. unable (试卷二)Part VI Translation―Finagle‖is not a word that most people associate with science. One reason why science is12respected these days is the image of the scientist is of one who collects data in an impartial search for truth. 1) In any debate—over intelligence, schooling, bias, energy—the phrase―science says‖usually crushes the opposition.Butscientistshavelongacknowledgedtheexistenceoffinaglefactor---atendencybymanyscientists to give a helpful touch to the data to produce desired results. The latest example of the finaglefactorcomesfromStephenJayGould,aHarvardbiologist,whohasexaminedtheimportant 19thcentury work of Dr. Samuel George Morton.Morton was famous in his time not only for gathering a huge collection of skulls but also for analyzing brain size as a measure of intelligence. He concluded that whites had the largest brains, that the brains of Indians and blacks were smaller, and therefore, that whites made up a superior race.Gould went back to Mortons original data and concludedthat the results were an example ofthefinagleatwork.―IhavereanalyzedMorton‗sdata,‖Gouldwrotelast weekinthejournal,Science,and2)Ifindthattheyareamixtureofassumptionandfinagling, controlled,probablyunconsciously, by his prejudiced way to ranking —his folks on top, slaves on the bottom.3)Mortonreachedhisconclusions,Gouldfound,byleavingoutembarrassingdata,usingincorrect procedures, makingsimple arithmetical mistakes (always in his favor) and changing his criteria–again, always in favor of his argument.Leftalone,thatfindingwouldnotbeparticularlydisturbing.Mortonhasbeenthoroughlydisbelievedbynow.Scientistsdobelievethatbrainsizereflectsintelligence,andMorton‗sbrand of raw racism is out of style.ButGouldgoesonto saythatMorton‗s storyisonly―anoticeableexampleofacommonproblem in scientific work‖. Some of the leading figures in science are believed to have used thefinagle factor.The moral that Gould draws from his study of Morton is not that scientists are wicked, butthat 4) they are just human, like the rest of us, and so should be subjected to doubt just like the restof us. 5)―The culprit in this talenaïve belief that pure objectivity can be attained by humanbeingsrootedinculturaltraditionsofsharedbelief---andaconsequentfailureofself-examination,‖Gould said.Part VII WritingDirections: In this part you are required to write a composition based on the following topic. Write your answer on ANWER SHEET. Your writing should be no less than 150 words.TopicAccordingtoasurveypublishedbytheChineseAssociationforScienceandTechnology in 2010, the number of Mainland Chinese people who are scientifically literate is distressingly low. Only 3.27 percent of Mainland Chinese people have basic scientific13literacy,whichis20yearsbehinddevelopedcountries.Writeawell-organizedessaywhichincludes1)atleasttwoconcreteexamplesshowingthatChinesepeoplelackscientific literacy; 2）the importance or significance of scientific literacy; 3) your proposal toimprove scientific of Chinese students. The first one or two sentences of each paragraph are given.1234567890ABCDEFGHIJKLMNabcdefghijklmn!@#$%^&&*()_+.一三五七九贰肆陆扒拾，。