An Introduction to English and American English
美国概况--英文介绍
Introduction to British and American Culture
Boston Tea Party 波士顿倾茶事件
Before the Colonial
Period
1.在两万多年前, 有一批来自亚洲的流浪者,经由北美到中 南美洲,这些人就是印第安人Indians的祖先。 2.大约1万年前, 又有另一批亚洲人, 移居到北美北部, 这 是后来的爱斯基摩人Eskimo 3.最早到美洲的白种人大概是维京人 the Vikings, 他们 是一群喜好冒险的捕渔人。 4.1492年10月12日 哥伦布发现美洲大陆 （十五世纪）。
The Founding of the Thirteen Colonies
• During the first 150 years, the British colonies in North America became a “melting pot”.
• By the early 1760s, English settlers had established 13 colonies along the Atlantic coast.
Amerigo Vespucci
阿美利哥韦斯普奇（意大利航海家，商人，美洲新大陆以其命名为
A•mHereica）first confirmed the fact that a new continent had been discovered.
• The New World was named America to honor Amerigo Vespucci.
美式英语和英式英语英语作文
美式英语和英式英语英语作文American English and British English are two distinct varieties of the English language, each with its unique characteristics and flavors.In American English, you'll often hear a more relaxed and informal tone. People tend to use contractions like "gonna" and "wanna" in casual conversations. Sentences flow smoothly, with a natural rhythm that feels comfortable and easy to follow.On the other hand, British English often has a more formal and traditional feel. You might hear more complex sentence structures and a wider range of vocabulary. The accent can sound quite different too, with its own unique sounds and pronunciations.Despite these differences, both varieties are still mutually intelligible. If you speak one, you can usually understand the other without much effort. It's just likedifferent dialects in the same language they may sound different, but they convey the same basic meaning.So whether you're watching a movie from the US or the UK, or chatting with someone from across the pond, don't be afraid of the differences in English. Just enjoy the unique。
给美国朋友介绍一本书英语作文
给美国朋友介绍一本书英语作文As I think about introducing an American friend to a book through an English essay, I find myself reflecting on the interconnectedness of literature and culture. The choice of book to recommend can be a delicate matter, as it has the potential to offer insight into other cultures, perspectives, and ways of life.One book that comes to mind as a potential recommendationis "To Kill a Mockingbird" by Harper Lee. This American classic provides a poignant portrayal of racial injustice and moral growth in the American South during the 1930s. It offers an opportunity for readers to explore complex themes such as empathy, compassion, and integrity. Through its vivid characters and compelling narrative, "To Kill a Mockingbird" can offer an invaluable glimpse into the historical and social dynamics of America.Another option worth considering is "The Catcher in the Rye" by J.D. Salinger. This novel serves as a powerful coming-of-age story and offers an authentic portrayal ofteenage angst and rebellion. The protagonist'sintrospective voice provides a window into the mind of a disillusioned youth navigating societal expectations, alienation, and the quest for authenticity in post-World War II America.For those interested in science fiction, "Fahrenheit 451"by Ray Bradbury is an intriguing exploration of censorship, conformity, and intellectual freedom against the backdropof a dystopian society. The novel prompts reflection on issues such as media manipulation, individuality, and the power of knowledge – themes that resonate deeply within contemporary societies.Of course, there are numerous other worthy options across various genres – from Toni Morrison's "Beloved," which masterfully addresses slavery’s haunting legacy in America, to Mark Twain's timeless adventure "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn". These books hold profound cultural significance while offering diverse perspectives on American history and society.While selecting a book to introduce to my American friend may seem like a simple task at first glance, it carries subtle nuances that necessitate careful consideration. An effective choice should not only reflect literary merit but also serve as an entry point for meaningful discussions about shared human experiences – regardless of ourcultural or linguistic backgrounds. Through this exchange lies the potential for mutual understanding and enrichment across borders – whether physical or imaginary.My aim with this English essay has been to highlight these considerations while providing insights into some titles that could spark curiosity in my American friend towards exploring new literary landscapes. It is through such bridges built by literature that we can appreciate each other’s cultures more deeply – recognizing both their uniqueness and universal resonance.In conclusion, I believe that recommending a thought-provoking book like those mentioned above would serve as an excellent avenue for initiating dialogue about culture, history, social issues, and human experiences with myAmerican friend. By sharing these narratives from different corners of literature comes the prospect for expanded horizons; it represents one small way in which we can nurture cross-cultural understanding through artful storytelling.。
英国女王谈美国英语作文
As a high school student with a keen interest in linguistics, I was fascinated by the recent speech given by Queen Elizabeth II, where she touched upon the topic of American English. It was not just a casual conversation it was a deep dive into the evolution and impact of the American dialect on the English language as a whole.Growing up in an era where American media is pervasive, Ive always been intrigued by the distinct American accent and the unique expressions that have become a part of our global lexicon. Queen Elizabeths speech provided a historical perspective, shedding light on how American English has developed from its British roots and how it has influenced the way English is spoken and understood around the world.The Queen began by acknowledging the shared history between British and American English, tracing back to the early settlers who brought their language across the Atlantic. She mentioned how the American colonies, with their diverse mix of settlers, created a melting pot that contributed to the development of a new dialect. This was a fascinating revelation for me, as I had not previously considered the impact of cultural diversity on language evolution.Her Majesty then delved into the linguistic differences that have emerged over time, highlighting the unique Americanisms that have become popular worldwide. She cited examples such as fall instead of autumn, cookie instead of biscuit, and the use of truck instead of lorry. These examples were not just amusing to me, but they also illustrated the cultural nuances that differentiate the two dialects.What struck me most was the Queens discussion on the influence of American English on British youth. She noted how American media, from movies to music, has had a significant impact on the way young Brits speak. This resonated with my own experience, as Ive noticed my peers and myself adopting American slang and pronunciations, often without even realizing it.Moreover, Queen Elizabeth II addressed the global impact of American English, pointing out that it has become a lingua franca in many parts of the world. She mentioned how American English is often the preferred variant taught in schools and used in international business. This observation made me reflect on my own language learning journey, where Ive been exposed to both British and American English, and the importance of understanding the global relevance of each dialect.The Queen also touched upon the importance of preserving the integrity of the English language, emphasizing the need to respect and appreciate the diversity of dialects. She encouraged a balance between embracing the global influence of American English and maintaining the distinct characteristics of British English.In conclusion, Queen Elizabeth IIs speech was not only informative but also thoughtprovoking. It made me appreciate the complexity and richness of the English language, and the fascinating journey it has taken from its origins to its current status as a global language. As a student, I am now more aware of the nuances between British and American English, and theimpact they have on our daily communication. It has inspired me to continue exploring the world of linguistics and to appreciate the beauty of language in all its forms.。
Differences between British English and American English
Differences between British English andAmerican EnglishAbstract: British English and American English are the two most important variants of the English language. They influence each other and are mutually complementary. Due to the historical, political, cultural and environmental factors, the two language variations have some differences in various aspects. These varieties may be regional or national. To understand the differences between American English and British English and to grasp their rules are very important .This paper will describe the differences in the following aspects: pronunciation, spelling, vocabulary, grammar, and usage.Key words: British English, American English language, differences, varieties.I . IntroductionNowadays, English is popular around the world, which has experienced great changes during a long time of American colonization, English has been the language of the United States. From then on, English language were grouped into two major kinds, British English and American English, which have their own characteristics. As time the time goes, America begins take part in international affairs. Especially, America plays a important role in international stage from Second World War to now. Recent 20 years, American English develops quickly in politics, economy, culture, education and so on. So American English develops rapidly, and is discussed and studied in world.In modern society, some people think learning American English is fashionable, but the concept of differences must not be taken too far, because British English and American will be two major varieties of one language, not two different languages, with the development of modern science, technology, mass media, the differences between these two nations are becoming smaller. In practice, the tendency is towards better understanding between the people of the two countries. In order to help the English learners better understand the differences between British English and American English, this paper tries to analyse the main differences between British English and American English in pronunciation, spelling, vocabulary, grammar, and usage.II.pronunciation differences :There are a number of easy-to-hear differences in the way that English is pronounced by British and American speakers. Here we will look at the following areas :British and American speakers have different stress patterns in their speech when they say certain words with two or more syllables. For example:In words with several syllables like secretary, American speakers emphasize the ending more than British speakers, so that the word seems to have an extra syllable:Americans retain the “r” at the end of the words. For example:III. Spelling differences:Most vocabulary’s spelling in the two languages are the same, but there are a few words’ spelling obvious differences. Some of the differences are the result of the development of American English, especially in the 19th century when Doctor Webster put the American characters into British English and American English on the spelling of old English. Anyway, there is regularity in the different spelling of British English and American English.a. American spelling always avoids the repetition of the letter of consonant. Generally, “ l ” is not doubled in American English. For example:BE: traveller, levellingAE: traveler, levelingb. Some words end in “-ter” in American English, and “-tre” in British English. For example:BE: theatre, centreAE: theater, centerc. Some words end in “-or” in American English, and “-oure” in British English. For example:BE: labour, honour, colour, humourAE: labor, honor, color, humord. American spelling always omits the un-pronounced letters. For example:BE: catalogue, axe, dialogue, good-byeAE: catalog, ax, dialog, good-byIV. Differences in vocabulary and meaningDue to the differences in the population structure, physical environment, social and economic conditions, American English has diverged somewhat from British English. Most vocabulary in British English and American English have the same meaning. Few words reflect the differences in vocabulary and meaning. There are three important types of differences in the meaning of words in the two varities.A. The same object may have the different names.Using different words to describe one meaning is the most obvious difference between British English and American English. Some of the biggest differences are inB. One word in different meaningsSome vocabulary developed individually in the two languages. This phenomenon make the words lost their basic meaning and gradually obtained some new meanings. This finally changed the meaning of the vocabulary in the two languages.C. Words of cross meaningIt is a special phenomenon between the two former differences. A word may have different meanings in British English and American English But it may have the same meaning in its modification with another word’s modification. B iscuit in British English means cookie in American English while biscuit in American English means scone. It is very interesting that dessert in American English means pudding in British English, while pudding in American English means custard in British English.Grammar differences:British English and American English grammar is mostly in agreement; there are however some interesting variations.A. Americans use a simple past tense in some cases where British people use a present perfect.AE: He just went home.BE: He has just gone home.B. There are differences in certain verb forms :BE: fit-fitted AE: fit-fitC. Americans use the verb “ have ” a little differently from British people in some cases.BE: Have you got a cold?AE: Do you have a cold?D. Americans are much more likely to be technically correct in the agreement of collective noun and verb form than Britons.BE: The team are playing well.AE: The team is playing well.F. In informal speech, Americans sometimes use adverb forms witho ut “-ly”. AE: He looked at me real strange.BE: He looked at me really strangely.G. on the phoneBE: Hello , is that Jane?AE: Hello, is this Jane?Usage differencesThere are countless other small and interesting differences between British English and American English, which come under the heading of usage. For example: For Americans the number billion has 9 zeros (a thousand million); for most Britons it has 12 zeros (a million million). Zero itself is a much more common word in AE than in BE, where nought is more widespread. Americans say the number 624 as six hundred twenty four, whereas in British it would be said six hundred and twenty four.ConclusionAmerican and British English will be two major variants of one language because of the similarities of the basic word stock, the basic grammar and the basic phonetic system, and because of rapid development of modern science, technology, mass media, and constant cultural and economic exchanges between these two nations.References1. An Introduction To English Lexicology, 林承璋，刘世平著，武汉大学出版社2. British and American English，by Don R. McCreary3.British English and American English，陈福生，厦门大学外文系4. David S. Jackson，流行美语，上海世界图书出版公司，2004。
英美文化基础教程lecture1
• To improve your English listening, speaking, reading and writing abilities through classroom activities and after-class assignments
11
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Map of Europe
12
13
• Britain--- It is the short form for Great Britain. Officially it should be the Great Britain.
• The island of Great Britain is divided into three parts: England （ English)in the south, Scotland(Scottish) in the north and Wales(Welsh) in the Southwest.
2
Classroom Activities
• lecture • video/audio clips • discussion • presentation
Let’s work hard together and have fun!
3
Requirements and Grading
• Students are required to attend the class constantly and behave actively in class. Every time there will be certain amount of assignments for you to finish, including reading the textbook, class presentation, finishing the exercises, etc.. Students should always finish the assignments on time. All of these mentioned above are directly related to your scores.
给美国的英文作文带翻译
提高英文写作水平需要不断地练习和积累。首先，要多读英文书籍，包括小说、杂志、报纸等，通过阅读可以了解词汇和句式的运用，同时也可以积累写作素材。其次，要勤加练习，可以通过写日记、作文、翻译等方式来提高写作能力。此外，要多参加英文写作的辅导和讨论活动，可以结交一些热爱写作的朋友，相互交流学习，共同提高写作水平。
英文写作模板
英文写作常常需要遵循一定的格式和结构，下面是一个常见的英文写作模板，可以供参考。English composition often needs to follow a certain format and structure. Below is a common English composition template for reference.
Give English Essays to America（给美国的英文作文）
美国作为一个多元文化的国家，学习英文作文对于在美国生活和学习的人来说非常重要。在学校教育和社会交往中，英文作文是交流和表达的重要方式。本文将探讨如何提高英文写作水平，为美国的英文作文提供一些范例和模板，希望对正在学习和使用英文写作的人有所帮助。
Conclusion
Overall, my daily routine is a balance of work, leisure, and social activities. I believe that having a well-structured daily routine is important for maintaining a healthy and fulfilling life.
如何提高英文写作水平
提高英文写作水平需要不断地练习和积累。Improving English writing skills requires continuous practice and accumulation. 首先，要多读英文书籍，包括小说、杂志、报纸等，通过阅读可以了解词汇和句式的运用，同时也可以积累写作素材。First, you should read more English books, including novels, magazines, newspapers, etc. Through reading, you can understand the use of vocabulary and sentence patterns, and also accumulate writing materials. 其次，要勤加练习，可以通过写日记、作文、翻译等方式来提高写作能力。Second, you should practice more often, and you can improve your writing skills by writing diaries, compositions, translations, etc. 此外，要多参加英文写作的辅导和讨论活动，可以结交一些热爱写作的朋友，相互交流学习，共同提高写作水平。In addition, you should participate in English writing tutorials and discussion activities more, make friends who love writing, learn from each other, and improve writing skills together.
British English and American English
It was said by Sir George Bernard Shaw that "England and America are two countries separated by the same language." My first personal experience of this was when I worked as a camp counselor for two months in 2000 in s Summer Camp run by the Boy Scouts of America, as part of an international leader exchange scheme. Before I went, all the participants in the scheme were given a short list of words that are in mon use in the UK which Americans would either be confused by or would even offend them. I memorized the words and thought "I'll cope".萧伯纳爵士曾说过：“英国和美国是被同一种语言分开的两个国家。
”我对此话的第一次亲身感受是在2000年，当时作为国际领导人交换项目的一部分，我在美国男童子军组织的夏令营活动中担任了两个月的营地辅导员。
在我动身之前，此次项目所有的参与者每人得到一份简短的单词表、上面列出了在英国通用、在美国则可能引起意义含混甚至会冒犯他人的词汇。
我把这些单词记了下来，并认为自己“能够应付”。
When I finally arrived in the States three months later, I realized that perhaps a lifetime of watching American television was not adequatepreparation for appreciating and coping with the differences betweenAmerican and British speech. In the first hour of arriving at the camp Iwas exposed to High School American English, Black American Englishand American English spoken by Joe Public, all every different to eachother. Needless to say, I did cope in the end. The Americans I met werevery weling and helpful, and I found they were patient with me when I made a social faux pas when I used an inappropriate word or phrase.3个月后我终于来到美国，我这才意识到，或许用一辈子的时间来观看美国电视，也不足以让我充分准备好来领略和应对英美两国语言的差异。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
What makes the difference?
experience
Another Example
How beautiful the girl that I dated is.
The Girl I Dated
Goals of This Course
The Forms of Literature What Do We Read for in English and American Literature The History of English Literature and Some Important Novelists The History of English Literature and Some Important Novelists
shelter
Chapter 1
What Do We Read For in English and American Literature
Question 2
What do we care about while reading? story plot
1. What is going on? 2. What is said? 3. How it is said?
Question 1
Why do we read novels, stories … entertainment exploration
kill time, read for fun …
a tool to adventure, a window to know the outside world, … to escape from the cruel reality, …
What is novel?
What are the similarities between novel and short story? They share some characteristics, such as plot, character, etc.
Chapter 2
The Definition of Novel
cf: music, painting
Chapter 1
Wanted
Man. 38. Divorced. Mechanic engineer. Non-smoker. Kind and patient. Seek a pretty lady under 30. She must be kind, humorous, hardworking, economical, most importantly, rich.
Questions:
What is novel?
1. “Novel” comes from the Italian word “novella” meaning “a little new thing,” ”piece of news,” “chit-chat” 2. In English, the word “novel” means “new, unusual, being the first of its kind,” as in the phrase “a novel idea.”
is to
Chapter 2
What Is Novel?
Conclusion 1
A novel is a fictional prose narrative for entertainment.
Chapter 2
What Is Novel?
The function of novel
What are the two main aspects of a novel?
literature: 文学 fiction: 虚构, 小说 non-fiction: 非小说作品(如传记…) novel: 小说 == novelist 小说家 narration: 叙述 exposition: 讲解, 说明 argumentation: 议论 genres: 文学分类
Chapter 1
Words Bank
characteristics: 特征 character: 人物 prose: 散文 narrative: 叙述 rhyme: 使。。。 。。。有节奏 account: 叙述 fictitious: 虚构的
Chapter 2
Fiction(1)
The Novel
Questions:
Chapter 1
The Forms of Literature
fiction novel short story play poem
Literature
description non-fiction narration expositihat Do We Read For in English and American Literature
On the Final Exam
Course paper
Write a book report of 350 words before week 15 and write an essay of 400 words about a certain novel or novelist.
Words Bank
George October 22, 2004
Foreign language learning is really very difficult to students.
Questions: What’s foreign language, English, French, Japanese, or …? What students, colleges, middle-school students, or pupils in primary school? …
Chapter 2
What Is Novel?
The function of novel
3. Why do they want to express, to share, to be understood? “There are many reasons why novelist write, but they all have one thing in common —— a need to create an alternative world.” John Fowler
The Forms of Literature
Questions:
What is literature?
1. Anything written
recipe books, telephone directories, guidebooks to museum
2. The art that use language as a medium
Study Strategy
Read extensively on simplified English and American novels Read some Chinese translations to the English and American Classics Read some Criticisms of English and American Literature
Sudden Light
I have been here before, But when or how I cannot tell: I Know the grass beyond the door, The sighing sound, the lights around the shore. You have been mine before, How long ago I may not know: But just when at that swallow's soar Your neck turned so, Some veil did fall, -- I knew it all of yore. Has this been thus before? And shall not thus time's eddying flight Still with our lives our love restore In death's despite, And day and night yield one delight once more?
Chapter 2
What Is Novel?
2. The content of a novel is of fictitious nature
differs from the stories of historian
Novels tell made-up stories, but the stories of historians tell truth. the
A drama is a show or performance intended for viewing or watching while a novel is a telling a narration intended for reading. A ballad is a musical piece for singing while a novel is not.
English and American Literature
Welcome to join George’s class and explore the beauty of English and American literature!
An Introduction to English and American Literature