软件工程专业英文介绍PPT
软件工程介绍--英文版
Topics covered
FAQs about software engineering Professional and ethical responsibility
Engineering) What are the attributes of good software? What are the key challenges facing software
engineering?
What is software?
Computer programs and associated documentation such as requirements, design models and user manuals.
Software products may be developed for a particular customer or may be developed for a general market.
Software products may be
• Generic - developed to be sold to a range of different customers e.g. PC software such as Excel or Word.
FAQs about software engineering
What are the costs of software engineering? What are software engineering methods? What is CASE (Computer-Aided Software
软件工程专业简介PPT学习课件
华中科技大学软件学院
充分利用华中科技大学
综合优势、办学资源和
计算机学科优势，通过
产学研结合，拓宽办学
渠道，采用超常规办学
模式，为我国IT产业培
养多层次、具有国际竞
争能力的“工程型”与
2020/3“/1 应用型”软件人才。
5
2020/3/1
6
学软件的优势—就业形势好
随着软件业的快速发展，软 件开发专业人才的需求逐年 增长。而国内的软件人才却 非常紧缺。这就是我们华科 的软件学院就业率一直处于 学院前列的原因之一。有句 话说得好：“用电脑就是用 软件”。而软件产业的发展 也在改变着人们的日常生活， 甚至成为IT产业发展的重要 推动力。环顾世界，微软、 Adobe、等公司无不是从软 件起家，逐步发展到目前的 庞大规模。因此，从某种意 义上说，靠软件吃饭，是一 辈子的事情。所以软件是一 门好就业的行业。
处应用了计算机科学、数学和管理科学等方
面的知识。它也是计算机领域发展最快的学
科分支之一，国家非常重视软件行业的发展，
对软件人才的培养给予了非常优惠的政策
2020/3/1
2
我国软件产业的现状
软件产业的发展水平，决定了一个国家的信
息产业发展水平及其在国际市场上的综合竞
争力。目前，我国软件高级人才的短缺已经
1、南京大学
2、清华大学
3、复旦大学
4、武汉大学
5、浙江大学
6、上海交通大学
7、中国科学技术大学
8、中山大学
9、华中科技大学
10、哈尔滨工业大学
2020/3/1
4
华中科技大学软件学院
华中科技大学软件学院
是经教育部批准(教高
软件工程英文教程.ppt
only THE class itself can use the features symbol -
Protected
only subclasses of THE class can use the features (attributes and operations)
symbol #
stages of the system design
To transform the requirements captured in the Use Case model
and Activity model on to a design of data structure for the software system
Frame
several sub-rooms
Building
1 1..*
Room
0..*
1..*
no more than one object at a time can have lifetime responsibility for another object
How to identify classes, attributes, operations, relationships?
description of the problem situation
Discard candidate which are inappropriate for the following
reasons
redundant : the same class is given more than one name vague : cannot tell unambiguously what is meant by a noun an event or an operation : where noun refers to something which
软件工程介绍PPT课件
真才实学优于学历
在十几年前学术还比较纯洁的年代，学历代 表着学问，高学历者受人敬仰。然而世风日 下，如今市场上到处可见假冒伪劣产品，同 样，中国大学也大量生产假冒伪劣的人才
学生毕业之际，谁都想找一份好的工作。对 于IT相关专业而言，90％以上的学生要到企 业工作，因为只有企业才能接纳千军万马。 大量的硕士生和博士生学了一身的屠龙之技， 精通了纸上谈兵，可是企业不欣赏屠龙之技， 更加讨厌纸上谈兵
24岁的漂亮售货员结婚了。婚后为了让自己年轻貌美的媳妇过上更加幸福
的日子，为了每月按时还银行7000多的贷款，他每天都更加努力加班加点
地工作。天有不测风云，由于这家日本公司业绩下滑，公司做出了裁员三
分之一的决定。虽然他工作积极，技术也不错，但由于一直只是一名技术
人员，加上年龄过大，还是无情的被公司于今年7月份辞退。
7
软件工程师的职业发展
程序员30岁了干什么？
30岁唯一见长的是经验和资历 如果年长的程序员不能在软件工程和项 目管理方面发挥优势，则他的前途可能 比较黯淡
CHENLI
8
软件工程师的职业发展
软件白领的常规职业发展
第一阶段，做个职业程序员，主要工作是编 程、测试和维护，领导让他干啥就干啥
第二阶段，成为项目经理或同等级别的技术 负责人，从事项目管理、需求分析、系统设 计之类的工作，带领一批程序员干活
上海前几年的房价已经出现了大量泡沫，他当时买入时的房价几乎是最高
点，在国家的调控下，房价逐渐回调朝合理的价位回归，现在的房价只值
9000元每平左右，让他心理极度懊恼。在失业、婚变、还贷的多种压力下，
精神恍惚的他终于承受不了这突如其来的一切，于2006-11-5深夜从自家的
阳台上跳了下去...
CH08 Software Prototyping 软件工程讲义英语版 教学课件
©Ian Sommerville 2000
Software Engineering, 6th edition. Chapter 8
Slide 11
Approaches to prototyping
Establish prototype objectives
Prototyping plan
Define prototype functionality
The objective of throw-away prototyping is to validate or derive the system requirements. The prototyping process starts with those requirements which are poorly understood
A working system is available early in the process
The prototype may serve as a basiscation
The system can support user training and system testing
Based on techniques which allow rapid system iterations
Verification is impossible as there is no specification. Validation means demonstrating the adequacy of the system
Develop prototype
Prototyping plan
Outline definition
Executable prototype
软件工程专业英语
软件工程专业英语软件工程英语软件度量学:Software Metrics软件经济学:Software Economics 文档:Documents软件计划WHY软件分析WHAT软件工具:Software Tools软件实现HOW工具箱:Tool Box软件生存周期过程的开发标准集成工具:Integrated Tool Standard for Developing Software 软件工程环境:SoftwareLife Cycle Process Engineering Environment软件开发模型:Software 传统:ConventionalDevelopment Model 经典:Classical编码员:Coder解空间:Solution Domain瀑布模型:Waterfall Model 问题空间:Problem Domain快速原型模型:Rapid Prototype 清晰第一，效率第二Clarity the Modelfirst, Efficiency the next.增量模型:Incremental Model 设计先于编码Design before线性思维:Linear Thinking coding演化模型:Evolutionary Model 使程序的结构适合于问题的结构螺旋模型:Spiral Model Make the program fit the problem对象:Object开发伴随复用，开发为了复用类:ClassDevelopment with reuse,继承:InheritanceDevelopment for reuse.聚集:Aggregation 靠度量来管理:Management by消息:MessageMeasurement面向对象,对象Object+分类结构化分析:SA(StructuredAnalysis) Classification+继承Inheritance+消息通信Communication with 由顶向下，逐步细化 Top-Down Messages Stepwise Refinement 构件集成模型:Component 面向对象分析:Object-Oriented Integration Model Analysis转换模型:Transformationa包含:l ContainsModel 临近:Is Next To 净室软件工程:Cleanroom传到 :Transmits to Software Engineering 来自:Acquires from 净室模型:Cleanroom Model 管理:Manages软件需求规格说明书:Software 控制:ControlsRequirement Specification ,SRS组成: Is Composed of 分析模型:Analysis Model 细化:Refinement便利的应用规约技术:Facilitated 抽象:AbstractionApplication Specificat模块:ion ModuleTechniques ,FAST 策略:Strategy结构化语言:Structured Language 信息隐藏:Information Hiding 判定树:Decision Tree 数据封装:Data Encapsulation 基数:Cardinality 抽象数据类型:Abstract Data type事件轨迹:Event Trace 模块化设计:Modular Design 对象,关系Object-Relationsship 分解:Decomposition模块性:Modularity 内容偶合: Content Coupling由底向上设计:Bottom-Up 单模块软件:MonolithicSoftware Design模块独立性:Modul自顶向下设e 计:Top-Down Design Independence 正式复审:Formal Review 内聚:Cohesion 非正式复审:Informal Review 偶然性内聚:Coincidental 走查，排练:Walk-Through Cohesion 会审:Inspection 逻辑性内聚:Logical Cohesion 映射:Mapping时间性内聚:Temporal Cohes传入路径:ion Afferent path 过程性内聚: Procedural传出路径: Efferent path Cohesion 变换中心:Transform Center 通信性内聚: Communicational接受路径: Reception path Cohesion 动作路径:Action path 顺序性内聚:Sequential Cohes事务中心:ion Transaction Center 功能性内聚:Functional Cohes分支分解:ion Factoring of 非直接偶合:No Direct CouplBranding ches数据偶合:Data Coupling 瓮形:oval-shaped特征偶合:Stamp Coupling 一个模块的控制域:Scope of 控制偶合:Control Coupling Control外部偶合:External Coupling 一个模块的作用域:Scope of 公共偶合:Common Coupling Effect结构化程序设计:Structured结点: Node接口:Interface Programming通心面程序:Bowl of Spaghetti包: Package流程图:Flow Diagram 注释: Note编码:Coding 特化:Specialization 方框图:Block Diagram 元元模型:Meta-Meta Model PDL (Pidgin):Program Design 用户模型:User Model Language 静态图:Static Diagram 伪代码:Pseudo Code 动态图:Dynamic Diagram JSD:Jackson System Developmen用例视图:t Use Case View 对象建模技术:Object Model逻辑视图:ing Logical View Technique 并发视图:Concurrent View 基础设施:Infrastructure 构件视图:Component View 控制线程:Thread of Control 实现模型视图:Implementation 保护者对象:Guardian Object Model View 协议:protocol 部署视图:Deployment View UML:Unified Modeling Language 航向:Navigability OMG:Object Management 重数:MultipliciGroup ty 统一方法:Unified Method 共享聚集:Shared Aggregation 关联:Association 组合:Composition 泛化:Generalization 泛化:Generalization 依赖:Dependency 简单消息:Simple Message同步消息:Synchronous Messa程序风格设ge 计要素:先求正确后求快 Make it right 异步消息:AsynchronousMessage before you make it faster. 事件说明:Event_Signature 先求清楚后求快 Make it clear 守卫条件:Guard_Condition before you make it faster. 动作表达式:Action_Expression 求快不忘保持程序正确 Keep it 发送子句:Send_Clause right when you make it faster. 时序图:Sequence Diagram 保持程序简单以求快 Keep it 协作图:Collaboration Diagrsimplam e to make it faster. 前缀:Predecessor 书写清楚，不要为“效率”牺牲清循环子句:Iteration-Clause 楚 Write clearly-don't sacrifice 活动图:Activity Diagram clarity for "efficiency"构件图:Component Diagram 文档化:Code Documentation 配置图:Deployment Diagram 内部文档编制:Internal 建模过程指导(RUP):Rational Documentation Unified Process 序言:Prologue可执行代码:Executalbe Codes用户友善: User Friendly 实现:Implementation 纠错:Debugging编码风格:Coding Style 测试用例:Test Case 标准:Classical 穷举测试:Exhaustive Testing 控制流的直线性:Linearity of 选择测试:Selective Testing Control Flow 静态分析:Static Analysis黑盒测试:Black Box Testing 高级测试:Higher order Testing不可达的:Unreachable 白盒测试:White Box Testing等价分类:Equivalenc办公桌检查e :Desk Check Partioning 走查:Walk-Through 边界值分析法:Boundary Value代码会审: Code Inspection Analysis 测试驱动模块:Test Driver 所谓猜错:Error Guessing 测试桩模块:Test Stub 因果图:Cause-Effect Graph 群:Cluster逻辑覆盖测试法:Logic Cover混合方式测age 试:Sandwich Testing Testing 渐增式测试:Incremental 试凑:Trial and Error Testing回溯:Back Tracking 非渐增式:Non-Incremental 病因排除法:Cause Eliminatio配置复审:n Configuration Review 测试纠错:Debugging by Testing 测试终止标准:Test Completion 蛮力纠错技术:Debugging by Criteria Brute Force 基于线程的测试:Thread-Based 回归测试:Regression Testing Testing单元测试:Unit Testing 基于使用:Use-Based综合测试:Integration Testing 基于构件的软件开发:确认测试: Validation Testing Component Based Software 系统测试:System TestingDevelopment ,CBSD 模块测试:Module Testing 领域工程:Domain Engineering 需求规约:Requirements Maintenance预防性维护:Preventive Specification变体:Variant Maintenance组件对象模型，COM:Componet 结构化的翻新:Structured Object Model Retrofit对象链接与嵌入:Object Linki可维护性:ng Maintainability and Embedding 可理解性:Understandability 公共对象请求代理体系结构，可修改性:Modifiability CORBA:Common Object Reque可测试性st :Testability Broker Architecture 调用图:Call Graph枚举分类:Enumerater交差引用表 :Cross-Reference Classification Directory呈面分类:Faceted Classification 数据封装技术:Data 属性-值分类:Attribute-ValueEncap sulationClassification 维护申请单MRF:Maintenance 应用系统工程，ASE:ApplicatioRequen st FormSystem Engineering 软件问题报告单SPR:Software 完善性维护:Perfective Problem ReportMaintenance 软件修改报告单SCR: Software 适应性维护:Adaptive Change ReportMaintenance 修改控制组CCB:Change Control 纠错性维护:CorrectiveBoard 软件配置:Software Configuration 估算模型:Estimation Model资源模型:Resource Model 版本控制库:Version ControlLibrary 构造性成本模型:Constructive 活动比:Activity Ratio cost Model 工作量调节因子EAF:Effor组织:t OrganicAdjustment Factor 半独立:Semidetached 软件再工程:Software 嵌入:EmbededReengineering 算法模型:Algorithmic Model 逆向工程:ReverseEngineering 分类活动结构图WBS:Work 重构:Restructure Breakdown Structure 演化性:Evolvability 人员,时间权衡定律问题定义:Problem DefinitionPeople-Time Trade-Off Law 系统目标与范围的说明:无我小组:Egoless Team Statement of Scope and Objectives主程序员小组: 可行性研究:Feasibility StudyChief -Programmer Team 系统流程图:System Flowchart PERT:Program Evaluation and 成本,效益分析:Cost-Benifit Review Technique Analysis 关键路径:Critical Path 风险识别:Risk Identification 知识产权:Intellectual Property 风险预测:Risk Projection 靠质量来管理:Management by 风险估计:Risk Estimation Measurement风险评价:Risk Assessment 质量保证:Quality Assurance质量认证: Quality Certification 交互操作性:Interoperability验证与确认:Verification and 质量检验:Quality Inspection全面质量管理TQC:Total QualiValidty ation ,V&V Control 基线:Baselines 质量体系:Quality System 平均故障时间:Mean Time To 计划-实施-检查-措Failure ,MTTF 施 Plan-Do-Check-Action 错误传入:Error Seeding 合格论证:Conformity冗余: Redundancy Certification 容错:Fault Tolerance 可靠性:Reliability 公理化归纳断言法:Axio-Matic 效率:Efficiency InductiveAssertion 运行工程:Human Engineering 循环不变式:Loop Invariant 正确性:Correctness 能力成熟度模型:Capability 使用性:Usability Maturity Model 完整性:Integrity 关键过程域:Key Process 可理解性:Understandability Area ,KPA可测试性:Testability 关键实践:Key Practice 可修改性:Modifiability 初始级:Initial可移植性:Portability 可重复级:Repeatable 可维护性:Maintainability 已定义级:Defined可适应性:Flexibility 已管理级:Managed可重用性:Reusability 优化级:Optimizing主任评估师:Lead Assessor Factor 技术复杂性因子测度:Measurement 极值程序设计:ExtremeProgramming 最终用户:End-User; 自适应软件开发:Adaptive 计算机辅助软件工程Software Development CASE:Computer Aided Software 轻载:Light weight Engineering重载:Heavy Weight 拉出:pull-out 返工:Rework 下拉: pull-down 进度:Schedule 一致性:Unification自动化:Automation 时间:Duration 过程模型:Process Model软件开发环境SDE:Software 成本:Cost Development Environment软件设计支持环境PSE:Programming 代码行LOC:Lines of Code Support Environment集成化项目支持IPSE:Integrated 面向功能:Function-Oriented Project Support Environment集成化框架:Integration Framework 面向规模: Size-Oriented 质量从头抓起:Quality from Beginning 功能点:Function Points 缺陷:Defect 权系数:Weighting Coefficient 变更请求:Change Request 用户输入:User Input 功能扩充:Enhancement 用户输出: User Output Request 用户查询: User Inquirty主文件处理:Master File外部界面:External InterfaceTCF:Technical Complexity。
软件工程介绍--英文版 共32页
©Ian Sommerville 2006
Software Engineering, 8th edition. Chapter 1
Slide 6
FAQs about software engineering
What are the costs of software engineering? What are software engineering methods? What is CASE (Computer-Aided Software
Slide 7
What is software?
Computer programs and associated documentation such as requirements, design models and user manuals.
Software products may be developed for a particular customer or may be developed for a general market.
©Ian Sommerville 2006
Software Engineering, 8th edition. Chapare engineering
The economies of ALL developed nations are dependent on software.
Engineering) What are the attributes of good software? What are the key challenges facing software
engineering?
©Ian Sommerville 2006
软件工程SoftwareEngineering
PPT文档演模板
软件工程SoftwareEngineering
2 风险估算
2.6软件开发过程的管理
æ 软件项目管理人员可以从影响风险的因素和 风险发生后的损失两方面来度量风险。
PPT文档演模板
PPT文档演模板
软件工程SoftwareEngineering
2.6.3 软件开发标准
2.6软件开发过程的管理
æ 传统工业没有标准化就没有现代化的工业。 大型软件工程项目也离不开标准化。
æ 软件文档、程序和数据的标准化有助于提高 软件的一致性、完整性和可理解性，有助于提 高软件开发质量和效率。
æ 标准化的软件便于存档、交流和重用。
PPT文档演模板
软件工程SoftwareEngineering
例：人员配备风险检测表
2.6软件开发过程的管理
(1) 开发人员的水平如何。 (2) 开发人员在技术上是否配套。 (3) 开发人员的数量如何。 (4) 开发人员是否能够自始至终地参加软件开发工作。 (5) 开发人员是否能够集中全部精力投入到软件开发工作。 (6) 开发人员对自己的工作是否有正确的期望。 (7) 开发人员是否接受过必要的培训。 (8) 开发人员的流动是否能够保证工作的连续性。 æ 上述问题可以选用0,1,2,3,4,5来回答。完全肯定取值为0，反
软件工程SoftwareEngineering
进度安排
2.6软件开发过程的管理
PERT和CPM方法提供了定量描述工具，包括
①关键路径。完成关键路径上所有任务时间的 总和，就是项目开发所需要的最短时间。
②用统计模型估算开发每个子任务需要的工作 量和时间。
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methods and tools for professional software development. Expenditure on software represents a significant fraction of GNP in all developed countries.
An Introduction to Software Engineering
©Ian Sommerville 2006
Software Engineering, 8th edition. Chapter 1
Slide 1
Objectives
To introduce software engineering and to explain le 2006
Software Engineering, 8th edition. Chapter 1
Slide 5
FAQs about software engineering
What is software? What is software engineering? What is the difference between software
©Ian Sommerville 2006
Software Engineering, 8th edition. Chapter 1
Slide 3
Software engineering
The economies of ALL developed nations are dependent on software.
©Ian Sommerville 2006
Software Engineering, 8th edition. Chapter 1
Slide 4
Software costs
Software costs often dominate computer system costs. The costs of software on a PC are often greater than the hardware cost.
©Ian Sommerville 2006
Software Engineering, 8th edition. Chapter 1
Slide 6
FAQs about software engineering
What are the costs of software engineering? What are software engineering methods? What is CASE (Computer-Aided Software
Engineering) What are the attributes of good software? What are the key challenges facing software
engineering?
©Ian Sommerville 2006
Software Engineering, 8th edition. Chapter 1
©Ian Sommerville 2006
Software Engineering, 8th edition. Chapter 1
Slide 2
Topics covered
FAQs about software engineering Professional and ethical responsibility
Software products may be
• Generic - developed to be sold to a range of different customers e.g. PC software such as Excel or Word.
• Bespoke (custom) - developed for a single customer according to their specification.
engineering and computer science? What is the difference between software
engineering and system engineering? What is a software process? What is a software process model?
To set out the answers to key questions about software engineering
To introduce ethical and professional issues and to explain why they are of concern to software engineers
Slide 7
What is software?
Computer programs and associated documentation such as requirements, design models and user manuals.
Software products may be developed for a particular customer or may be developed for a general market.
Software costs more to maintain than it does to develop. For systems with a long life, maintenance costs may be several times development costs.
Software engineering is concerned with costeffective software development.