非谓语动词之动词不定式

作宾语补足语不带to 的情况：
Let me do it. I saw him cross the street. 常见动词有： 使役动词: let, make, have 感官动词: see, watch, hear, feel, listen to 比较： I heard her singing in the next room. I heard her sing in the next room.
是“not+动词不定式”
(此时not不能再与助动词连用)。
三、动词不定式短语具有名词、形容词和副词 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 宾补
等的功能, 可在句中用做多种句子成分。
4.用作主语(这时可将其用形式主语it来替换)
1. To be here at Christmas time is
my dream. →It is my dream to be here at Christmas time. 2. To go abroad is his dream. → It is his dream to go abroad. 3. To say is easy, to do is difficult. → It is easy to say, it is difficult to do.
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It's still a question how to get there．(主语)
在初中阶段还涉及到“不定式被动语态一般
式(to be+过去分词)” There are twenty more trees to be planted.
根据句意, 用括号内所给动词的适当形
式填空。 to have 主语 1. It's time for us ____ (have) supper． 2. Would you like ____ to go (go) shopping 宾语 with me？ 3. It took us half an hour _______ to work (work) out the problem． 主语
(him为逻辑主语)
动词不定式在句中作主语时, 除了直接作主语外，
常放在: It is ＋adj．(形容词)＋to do sth.
或 It is ＋n．(名词)＋to do sth. 句型中,
it仅作形式主语。
动词宾语 此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。 例：would you like to see my photos? Kevin planned to visit his uncle. 类似用法的词还有:start, want, agree, hope,
begin to do
forget to do
start to do go on to do
try to do
remember to do like to do
Stop to do
2. 用作宾语补足语：(v. + sb. + to do ) She asked me to help her. The teacher told him to come on time. Edison’s mother taught him to read and write. want sb. to do wish sb. to do get sb. to do order sb. to do find sb. to be like sb. to do would like sb. to do help sb. to do
1) stop to do sth. : 停止一件事，去做另一件事。 stop doing sth. :停止正在做的事。 例如： When the teacher came in, the students stopped talking； 当老师走进来时, 学生们停止说话； when he came out, the students stopped to talk． 当老师走出去时, 学生们又开始说话。
12. Have you got anything to _____ say (say)? 定语 13. Have you decided which one to ________ choose 定语 (choose)? 14. Do you know when______ to start (start)？ 不定式短语作宾语 15. He is too weak to ________ carry (carry) the 结果状语 big stone．
7．They prefer to ______ stay (stay) at home
rather than go out．
8. We saw them_______ to come (come) into the room just now． 宾补 9. What he said made me_____ to feel (feel) 宾补 to tell (tell) 10. I am sorry．I forgot_____ you the news． 宾语 11. His plan is _______ to spend (spend) a few 表语 days in the mountains． sorry．
“疑问词＋不定式”用法 不定式前可带what，who，which，where, when, how, whose, 等疑问词, 这种不定式短 语在句中作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。
例: He didn‟t tell me where to go. (直宾) I don‟t know what to say now.(宾语) I don't know what to do next. (宾语） He taught us how to use the computer． (宾语补足语)
作 状 语 a.目的状语: 放在go, come, use, live, in order等词后面.如： I come to see you． He runs fast in order to get there in time． They brought in photos of their families for me to look at .
notice, help等)后不带to 的不定式作宾补。 The boss makes them work 16 hours a day．
I heard her sing in the next room．
若变成被动语态, 在上述结构中, 不定式符号 to要加上。 如: They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss． She was heard to sing in the next room．
概
说
动词不定式(to do)是初中英语课的
一个重点，也是中考要考查的一个项目。
动词不定式属于非谓语动词的一种形式，
很多同学经常把它和谓语动词混在一起，
掌握起来有困难。
动词不定式的主要用法
一、动词不定式在句子中不能独立充当谓语
, 没有人称和数的变化。
二、动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成(
有时可以不带to)。动词不定式的否定形式
c. 作结果状语。如: Some of the apples are hard to reach．
The room is large enough to hold 1000
people．
(2) 在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词(see,
watch, hear, feel, make, let, have, observe, 如：
4. He is old enough to _____ join (join) the army． sister． here． 结果状语 形容词补足语(原) 形容词补足语(原) 宾语 5. I feel strange _______ to have (have) a twin 6. I am very glad _______ to meet (meet) you
your own.
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注: 此句式中不定式逻辑上的主语可由for或
of引出, 逻辑主语由of引出时, 表语的形容
词为kind，nice, good, polite, clever,
foolish, right, wrong等表示性格品质评价
的形容词。
例: It‟s right of him to refuse the invitation.
主语: 常置于句末, 而用it代替其做形式主语。
例: To go in for sports helps you stay fit.
It helps you stay fit to go in for sports.
It is dangerous to swim in the deep sea on
begin, decide, agree, love, like, hate, prefer等。
I found it very difficult to get a job. (it为形式宾语) like doing指经常性动作， 而like to do指一次性的动作。 I like swimming，but I don„t like to swim now． 我喜欢游泳, 但我现在不想游。
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如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾 关系, 且动词是不及物动词, 切记不要忘掉后 面的介词。如：
I have a small bedroom to live in．
Have you got some pens to write with？
6. 用作定语 (这时不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。若是 不及物动词, 介词不能省略) Give me something to drink. I have two books to read. They have much food to eat. He asked for a room to live in. I don‟t have a pen to write with. The ice is hard enough to skate on. He bought a toy to play with.