非谓语动词之动词不定式被动语态形
非谓语之动词不定式用法详解
动词不定式的用法二、动词不定式充当的句子成分不定式具有名词、动词、形容词和副词的特性，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。
（一）、作主语：1、不定式作主语多表示具体的、一次性的动作；动名词作主语多表示经常性的、习惯性的动作。
如：To swim today is a good idea Eating too much is bad for your health.2、不定式作主语时，常可以用it 作形式主语，而将真正的不定式主语后置。
但要熟记以下使用动名词作主语的句型：常用动名词作主语的句型有：It is/was +There is/was +更糟糕的）注意：There is no need for sb to do sth.2. 一般情况下，不定式作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
如：To see is to believe.3. 当主语为不定式时，表语也用不定式来表示一致性。
如：To see is to believe.（二）、作宾语1、不定式作宾语通常表示具体的、一次性的动作。
如：Tom likes playing football, but he likes to play basketball today.但需要牢记以下的动词只使用v-ing 为宾语：avoid, miss, delay / postpone, suggest / advise, finish, practice, enjoy/appreciate, imagine, resist, admit, deny, envy, escape / envy, risk, pardon / excuse, keep / keep on, stand, mind;有些动词后面只能接不定式作宾语,如：decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish, manage, refuse, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help, wait, happen, afford, fail, threaten;有些动词短语后面也只能接动名词作宾语,如：lead to, get down to, look forward to, pay attention to, stick to，be addicted to, adjust/adapt to, devote to，object to，get to/be used to（习惯于），prefer…to…, can't stand（忍不住），give up，insist on，keep（on），put off，be worth，be/keep busy，have difficulty/trouble/problem（in），feel/look/seem like，set about，depend on，prevent sb. from，succeed in, thank you for, apologize for；有些动词后面既可以接不定式作宾语，又可以接动名词作宾语，如：continue，begin，start，prefer，like，love，hate，forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try，need, require, want 等。
非谓语动词讲解(超全)
非谓语动词非谓语动词: a.动词不定式 b.动名词 c.分词( 现在分词过去分词)概述：1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词2.非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分指出下列句子中非谓语动词的成分1，To see is to believe. 2, It is right to give up smoking.3, He wanted to go 4, I find it interesting to study English.5, He asked me to do the work with him. 6, I have some books for you to read.7, I came here to see you. 8, We were very excited to hear the news.9,Laying eggs is the ant queen’s full-time job. 10, It is no use arguing with him.11, Her job is teaching . 12.He had his clothes washed.13,We saw the teacher making the experiment. 14,The man standing by the window is our teacher.15,The excited people rushed into the building. 16,Being a student, I must study hard.17,The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students. 18,The news is inspiring.非谓语动词使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。
(完整)非谓语动词之不定式用法详解
(完整)非谓语动词之不定式用法详解定义动词不定式与动名词,分词一样是动词的一种非谓语形式,它与动词原形同行,但它前面一般带有一个不定式的符号“to”，我们为了把它与介词的to 区别开来,也叫它小品词，它只是一个符号，没有词性,但动词不定式有时也不带to 。
形式1. 不定式作名词的用法不定式在句子中的作用有时和名词相同,在句子中可以当主语，表语,宾语. it 作形式主语而将真正的主语（不定式短语)放在谓语之后。
例如：例2可变为It is important to obey the laws.例3可变为It is impossible to finish so much homework in a day. 常见的带形式主语it 的句型有：句型一：＊It is easy (difficult ， hard, important ， right ， wrong, possible, impossible, necessary ， unnecessary, foolish ， wise, kind ， cruel ， nice…) to do …句型二：It is a pleasure (pity ， pleasant thing, crime, an honor… ) to do sth. 句型三:It takes （sb 。
） some time to do sth 。
花了某人一些时间去做某事 在句型一中我们常用for sb.或of sb 。
来做不定式的逻辑主语.但是什么情况下用for 或of ，主要从以下两个方面来区别： 1两者所使用的形容词不同a.for sb 。
的句型通常使用表示客观情况的形容词。
如easy, difficult, hard ， important, possible, impossible ， necessary ， unnecessary, interesting 等。
·It is important for us to express our opinions 。
动词的非谓语动词形式讲解
动词的非谓语形式：动词不做谓语时的固定形式。
(1)动词的非谓语形式包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种形式；其中分词又包含现在分词和过去分词两种形式。
它们在句子中不能单独作谓语。
(2)动词不定式：①形式：动词不定式基本形式由“不定式记号to+动词原形”构成。
它的否定形式只要在“to”前面加上“not”。
它的疑问形式是：“wh-疑问词+to+动词原形”。
*它的被动形式：“to be +过去分词”。
*它的完成形式：“to have +过去分词”。
②动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,即可以在句子中作主语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。
但不定式也保留动词的某些特征,即不定式后面可以跟宾语、表语和状语。
动词不定式加上相关成分就构成不定式短语。
③动词不定式可以放在谓语前句子作主语。
但是通常将作主语的动词不定式或不定式短语放在谓语后面,而在主语位置用“it”作形式主语(有时在不定式的前面还会用for sb.表示不定式的逻辑主语)。
如：To help animals is helping people.(帮助动物就是帮助人)/ It is very difficult (for us) to learn Chinese well.((对于我们而言)学好汉语是非常的困难)/ It took me half an hour to work out this problem.(解出这道题花了我一个小时的时间)④动词不定式可以作谓语动词(及物动词)的宾语。
[A] 及物动词+不定式一般形式：谓语动词(vt.) +不定式(作宾语)[说明]want(想) / try(试图) / decide(决定) / wouldlike(想要) / hope(希望) / love(喜爱) /learn(学会) / afford(提供) / agree(同意) /fail(失败、未能) / mean(意味着) / prefer(宁愿) / wish(希望)+ to (do)(无)help(帮助) to可以省略begin(开始)/ start(开始)/hate(憎恨)也可跟动名词,意义变化不大forget(忘记) / remember(记得)/ like(总爱)也可跟动名词,意义变化较大to have a rest began to search the room for the thief.(他们开始在屋子里搜寻小偷)/ He liked to have a swim in the pool near his house.(他喜爱在靠家的水塘里面游泳)/ When did you learn to speak English?(你什么时候开始学英语的？)/ Don’t forget to close the door when you leave.(你离开时别忘了关门[比较] He forgot to turn off the light.(他忘了关灯.) (没关)/ He forgot turning off the light.(他忘记关过灯.)(关了) /Please remember to ring me up.(记得给我打电话.)(还没打电话) / I remember calling you yesterday but you forgot.(我记得昨天给你打电话了,但是你忘记了.)(打过电话)[B] 及物动词+疑问词+不定式：谓语动词(vt.) +wh-疑问词+不定式(作宾语) [说明]tell (告诉) / show (显示) / know (知道) / ask (问) / find out (发现) / understand (明白) / wonder(疑惑) / learn(学会) /whatwhere+ how + to (do)who不定式疑问形式还可以作句子的主forget(忘记) / remember(记得) / teach sb.(教某人) / discuss(商讨) which……语、表语等。
英语语法专题讲座-非谓语动词 不定式表被动与独立主格
• I don't want there to be any more trouble. 我不希望再产生麻烦。 • It's too late for there to be any taxis. 太晚 了，没有出租车了。
• We are in need of tutors to teach the children. （主谓关系） • He is a pleasant person to work with. • （动宾关系） • The boy had an impulse to jump over the fence（同位关系） • He gave me an hour to make my decision. • （动状关系）
五、动词不定式作定语
• 不定式可以放在名词和代词后面作定语。不定式 作定语与被修饰的中心名词之间常表现为主谓关 系、动宾关系、同位关系或动状关系。常见的这 部分名词有：ability，failure，refusal， agreement，intention，reluctance（勉强）， ambition（志向），hope，resolution，anxiety， need，tendency（趋势），attempt，plan， threat，claim（声称），promise，willingness， decision，readiness（乐意），wish， determination（决心）等。例如： • We are in need of tutors to teach the children.
• it在think，find，consider等动词后可变成形 式宾语。例如： • I think it difficult to adapt myself to the new situation. • 我认为我很难适应新形势。
易错点08 非谓语动词之动词不定式(解析版)
易错点08非谓语动词之动词不定式在中考语法项目中，主要考查动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语。
动词不定式由“to+动词原形” 构成，有时to省略，直接由动词原形构成。
否定式由“not to+动词原形”构成。
如：We decided to go on hiking though we were tired. 虽然我们很累，但是我们决定继续远足。
The girl tried not to wake up her mother. 这女孩尽量不吵醒她妈妈。
动词不定式作宾语（1）接不定式作宾语的动词（“动词+to do” 结构）常见的有：learn 学会plan 计划decide 决定try 尽力choose 选择agree 同意refuse 拒绝pretend 假装offer 主动would like / want 想要expect 期望hope / wish 希望promise 承诺afford 负担得起prefer 喜欢help 帮助(help to do / help do) like 喜欢(like to do / doing)continue 继续(continue to do / doing) begin / start 开始(begin / start to do / doing)如：I would like to have a sandwich. 我想要吃一个三明治。
（2）动词不定式作宾语，置句末，前面用it指代不定式，it是形式宾语。
如：We found it difficult to understand what you said. 我们发现很难理解你所说的话。
（3）有的动词在不定式前可加上疑问词（who，what，which等）作宾语（即“动词+疑问词+to do” 结构），常见的有：show 表明、指示；know 知道；tell 告诉；teach 教；learn 学习；decide 决定。
非谓语动词-不定式
非谓语动词-不定式一．动词不定式：不定式具有n 、adj、adv的特征,可作除谓语外任何句子成分。
否定式：not to do .（一）主动被动一般式：to do to be done进行式：to be doing /完成式：to have done to have been done完成进行式：to have been doing /例句：1. He seems to know a lot. （to do所表动作与谓语动词同时或之后发生）2. The boy pretended to be working hard. （谓语动词所表示的动作发生时，to be doing所表动作正在发生）3. I happened to have seen the film.（to have done所表动作发生在谓语动词或特定时间之前）4. They are quite happy to have been cooperating harmoniously with us till now.(to have been doing所表动作在谓语动词所表动作之前一直在进行)（二）不定式的句法功能：1. 作主语：常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，多表具体动作，尤指某一次动作。
常用句式有：1) It+be+名词+to do2) It takes sb.+some time+to do3) It+be+形容词+for sb.+to do2. 作表语：具体指某次动作：Your task today is to wash the curtains .3. 作宾语：1) 多为固定搭配：给予、买得起试图、尝试管理、处理假装敢于计划希望意图、打算同意拒绝期望承诺、答应需要教授帮助安排决定失败提供准备选择2) make up one’s mind to dowould like / love to dowould prefer to do ...3) 形式宾语：如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，常见词：+ it +宾补+ to do .Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.to do前有时可与疑问词连用：He gave us some advice on how to learn English.4) 句型：过去常做不得不做应该做愿意做准备、愿意做be sure / glad / happy / afraid +to do be sorry / anxious / eager +to do5) 省略to 的句型：为什么不做？不能做只能做最好做宁愿做而不做4. 作补语：1) 在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want wishasktellorder beg permit help advise persuade allowpreparecauseforcecall onwait forinviteencourageexpectforbidgetintendlikelovepreferremindrequireteachwarndepend on此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如：With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema.2) 有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to （主动省略to 被动还原to）：I saw him cross the road.He was seen to cross the road.※五看：三让：二听：一感觉：3) 作主语补足语的句型：said reportedsb + be believed considered + to be doneknown found to have been donesupposed thoughtIt is said that he has gone abroad .= He is said to have gone abroad .He was later discovered to have been a spy.4）thinkconsiderbelievesupposefeel ...+ to be 作宾语补足语或主语补足语findimagineproveappointjudge 例：People considered him to be a great leader .He imagines himself to be an able man .5. 作定语：1) 若不定式所修饰词是不定式的地点、工具，不定式后要有相应介词：He didn’t have a house to live in . 若修饰的词为：time、way、place，不定式后省略介词: He didn’t have place to live .2) 若不定式作定语与所修饰词形成被动关系（动宾关系），可用to do 也可用to be done ：Have you got anything to send ? （执行者为句子主语）to be sent ? （执行者是其他人）3) 用不定式作定语的情况：①表将来：The car to be bought is for his sister .②修饰被序数词、最高级或no ，all ，any 限定的中心词且为主动关系：He was the best man to do the job .③用来修饰抽象名词：能力机会主意事实借口承诺答案回复企图信仰方式理由时刻时光☆某些名词的同根词常跟to do ，因而也跟to do ，如：计划提议决定拒绝失败警告焦虑渴望愿望准备就绪例：我没有去观光的机会我不相信他会来访的承诺他没有去那里的计划他没有计划去那里6.作状语：1) 目的状语：He worked day and night to get the money. 若强调目的性，也可加in order to （可在句首）/ so as to（只在句中），此两结构在剧中时，不用都好隔开。
非谓语动词---不定式的用法
不定式作非谓语动词一、不定式的定义及构成：不定式是一种非限定性动词，即在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词。
肯定形式：to + 动词原形否定形式：not to + 动词原形被动形式：to be + done（动词过去分词）期中to为不定式符号，本身无意义。
二、不定式的时态和语态不定式虽没有人称和数的变化，但所表达的动作仍具有时间先后顺序，主动、被动形式。
具体形式如下表1) 不定式的一般式动词不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与谓语动词所表示的动作同事发生或在其后发生。
We try to finish the task on time. 我们试图及时完成任务。
I hope to see you next week. 我希望下周能见到你。
2）动词不定式的进行式动词不定式的进行式所表示的动作一般与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生He seems to be following us. 他好像正在跟着我们。
3）不定式的完成式不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前I’m so sorry to have given you so much trouble.很抱歉，给你添了那么多的麻烦。
4）动词不定式的被动形式○1动词不定式的一般式被动语态通常表示将来的动作。
The flowers need to be watered. 这些花需要浇水了。
○2不定式的完成式被动语态表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。
The room seems to have been tidied up already. 这个房子似乎已经整理过了。
三、不定式的用法1）作主语动词不定式作主语，相当于名词或代词的作用To learn an art well is very hard. 学好一门艺术很难。
★动词不定式作主语往往用形式主语it代替，然后不定式置于句尾。
上面的句子可改写为It is very hard to learn an art well.2) 作宾语动词不定式一般作动词或介词的宾语I really want to watch the football match.He has no idea of how to answer this question.3) 作宾语补足语○1后接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, tell, beg, like, love, would like, order, teach, want, allow, encourage, wish等。
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非谓语动词之动词不定式被动语态形一、复习各种时态的被动语态★被动语态的基本结构: be+ done（以the book , publish 为例）一般现在/过去时：The book is/ was published.一般/过去将来时:The book will/would be published.The book is/was going to be published.现在/过去进行时：The book is/was being published.现在/过去完成时:The book has/had been published.情态动词：The book can/could/may/might…be published.1）一般式：（not/never ）to be done2）完成式：（not/ never）to have been done （表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前）三、▲通常在believe, suppose, say, report等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换.如:They say that Mike is sick in bed.=It is said that Mike is sick in bed.=Mike is said to be sick in bed.据说麦克卧床不起.People believe that he was killed.=It is believed that he was killed.=He is believed to have been killed.大家相信他被杀了.四、当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者而非发出者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式(to be done).语法功能：1．作主语：It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.2．作宾语：She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.3．构成复合宾语：He wanted the letter to be typed at once.She didn’t like herself to be praised like that.4．构成复合谓语：The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.5．作定语：Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers’ office?6．作状语：She was too young to be assigned such work.五、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式to have been done（表示该动作是发生在主句之前的一个被动动作），在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等，如：It is a good thing for him to have been criticized.（主语）She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (宾语)）He thought it an honour to have been invited to the party. （复合宾语）The book is said to have been translated into many languages. （复合谓语）She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. （定语）六、不定式的主动形式表示被动1．There be 结构中，用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语，区别不大。
(多用主动形式)例如：There is a lot of work to do / to be done.There is no time to lose /to be lost.译：没有什么可担心的。
________________________________There is nothing to worry about.注意以下两点：(1)如果不定式结构加了"for sb."表示的逻辑主语时There are still many questions for us to discuss. (us与discuss 主谓关系，用主动to discuss)There are a lot of reasons for the book to be published.(the book与publish是动宾关系，用被动to be published)(2)某些动词(do, see)的不定式特殊用法时，两种形式所表示的意思不同。
比较：There is nothing to do now. (We have nothing to do now.)There is nothing to be done now. (We can do nothing now.)There is nothing to see. (Nothing is worth seeing.)There is nothing to be seen. (Nothing is there at all.)2．在“主语+ be+ adj+ to do”句型中：常见的adj有hard，amusing，interesting， cheap，difficult，dangerous，easy，nice，important，pleasant.etc.That question is difficult to answer.He is an impossible person to work with．但若要强调句中的受事者，也可用不定式的被动式：The handwriting is difficult to be read.★注意：如果动词为不及物动词，则要注意介词的搭配。
John is difficult to deal with.分析：_________(动)----________(宾)）译：这扶手椅坐起来很舒服。
___________________________________这题目很难算出来。
______________________________________The armchair is comfortable to sit inThe question is difficult to work out3. 当上述第2题中形容词在句中作宾语补足语，后接不定式：I found him easy to get along with.They don’t think the game interesting to play.I find the lecture difficult to understand.4.在“too—to do; enough…to…”结构中。
如：The problem is too difficult to work out (to be worked out)．The house is big enough to live in.（不及物动词要补出相应的介词）但若要强调句中的受事者，也可用被动式：This box is too heavy to be lifted.5．在“with+n+to do”结构中。
（和逻辑主语是主动关系）例如：With nothing to do，he lay in bed．With so many exercises to do，I can‘t go to the cinema．6．当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。
例如：I have a meeting to attend.。
(to attend与I有主谓关系，即I 是逻辑主语)Give him some books to read. (to read与him有主谓关系，即him 是逻辑主语)如果不属于上述情况，则表示被动意义时仍需要用被动形式。
试比较下面两句：1. Have you anything to do this afternoon?2. Have you anything to be taken to the city (by me or someone else) ?（to take 与you没有主谓关系, 即you不是逻辑主语）练习：填写括号中动词的适当形式1. I have a meeting ______ (attend) today.2. He gave me some books _______(read).3. I’m going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything __________(take) to your parents?7．一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。
常见的这类动词有let(出租)，rent，hire，blame等。
例如：The house is to rent. Nobody was to blame for the accident.但是，具有对比意义时，仍用被动形式。
例如：The room is to be rented, not to be sold.。
She is to be praised, not to be blamed.Exercise1. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains____ whether they will enjoy it.A. to seeB. to be seenC. seeingD. seen2. I hurried to the meeting hall, only____ that the meeting had been put off.A. to tellB. to be toldC. tellingD. told3. Do let your mother know all the truth, she appears____ everything.A. to tellB. to be toldC. to be tellingD. to have been told4. Little Tom should love____ to the theater this evening.A. to be takenB. to takeC. being takenD. taking5. With a lot of problems____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settledB. settlingC. to settleD. being settled6. He___ and was made to repeat it.A. didn’t understandB. didn’t be understoodC. wasn’t understandD. wasn’t understood7. The pupils here____ all kinds of exercises every day in the past four weeks.A. kept busy doingB. keep on doingC. have kept busy doingD. have been kept busy doing语法检测一．根据括号内的动词填入正确形式。