物联网英文文献
物联网毕业论文外文文献翻译.doc
Internet of Things1 .the definition of connotationThe English name of the Internet of Things The Internet of Things, referred to as: the IOT.Internet of Things through the pass，radio frequency identification technology，global positioning system technology, real-time acquisition of any monitoring, connectivity, interactive objects or processes, collecting their sound, light，heat, electricity，mechanics, chemistry, biology， the location of a variety of the information you need network access through a variety of possible things and things, objects and people in the Pan-link intelligent perception of items and processes，identification and management. The Internet of Things IntelliSense recognition technology and pervasive computing, ubiquitous network integration application，known as the third wave of the world’s information industry development following the computer，the Internet. Not so much the Internet of Things is a network, as Internet of Things services and applications，Internet of Things is also seen as Internet application development. Therefore，the application of innovation is the core of the development of Internet of Things，and 2.0 of the user experience as the core innovation is the soul of Things.2.The meaning of ’’material”Where the ’’objects” to meet the following conditions can be included in the scope of the "Internet of Things":1.Receiver have the appropriate information;2.Have a data transmission path;3.Have a certain storage capabilities;4.To have the CPU;5.To have the operating system;6.Have specialized applications;7.Have a data transmitter;8.Follow the communication protocol of Things;9.World Network，a unique number that can be identified.3."Chinese style" as defined inInternet of Things (Internet of Things) refers to is the ubiquitous (Ubiquitous) terminal equipment (Devices) and facilities (Facilities), including with the "inner intelligence" sensors，mobile terminals, industrial systems，floor control system，the family of Intelligentfacilities，video surveillance systems，and external can "(Enabled)，such as RFID，a variety of assets (the Assets)，personal and vehicle carrying the wireless terminal” intelligent objects or animals n or” smart dust ’’(the Mote)，through a variety of wireless and/or cable over long distances and/or short-range communication networks to achieve interoperability (M2M)，application integration (the Grand Integration)，and based on cloud computing，SaaS operation mode，in internal network (intranet)，private network (extranet), and / or the Internet (Internet) environment, the use of appropriate information security mechanisms to provide a safe，controlled and even personalized real-time online monitoring，retrospective positioning，alarm linkage, command and control plan management, remote control，security，remote repair and maintenance, online upgrades，statistical reporting， decision support，the leadership of the desktop (showcase of the Cockpit Dashboard) management and service functions，’’Everything，” ’’efficient，energy saving, security environmental protection/"’ possession，control，Camp integration [1].4.EU definitionIn September 2009，the Internet of Things and enterprise environments held in Beijing，China-EU Seminar on the European Commission and Social Media Division RFID Division is responsible for Dr. Lorent Ferderix，given the EU’s definition of things: the Internet of Things is a dynamic global network infrastructure, it has a standards-based and interoperable communication protocols, self-organizing capabilities, including physical and virtual "objects” of identity, physical attributes，virtual features and smart interface and seamless integration of information networks . Internet of Things Internet and media，the Internet and business Internet one，constitute the future of the Internet.5.changeThe Internet of Things (Internet of Things) the word universally recognized at home and abroad Ashton, Professor of the MIT Auto-ID Center in 1999 first proposed to study RFID. The report of thesame name released in 2005, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the definition and scope of the Internet of Things has been a change in the coverage of a larger expansion, no longer refers only to the Internet of Things based on RFID technology.Since August 2009, Premier Wen Jiabao put forward the "Experience China” Internet of Things was officially listed as a national one of the five emerging strategic industries，to write the •’Government Work Report’1 Internet of Things in China has been the great concern of the society as a whole degree of concern is unparalleled in the United States，European Union, as well as other countries.The concept of Internet of Things is not so much a foreign concept, as it has been the concept of a "Made in China' his coverage of the times，has gone beyond the scope of the 1999 Ashton professor and the 2005 ITU report referred to, Internet of Things has been labeled a "Chinese style" label.6.BackgroundThe concept of Internet of Things in 1999. Internet-based, RFID technology and EPC standards，on the basis of the computer Internet，the use of radio frequency identification technology, wireless data communication technology, a global items of information to real-time sharing of the physical Internet ’’Internet of things” (referred to as the Internet of Things)，which is also the basis of the first round of the China Internet of Things boom set off in 2003.The sensor network is built up based on sensing technology network. Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1999 on the start sensor network research and has made some achievements in scientific research，the establishment of applicable sensor network. 1999, held in the United States，mobile computing and networking International Conference, "The sensor network is a development opportunity facing humanity in the next century. In 2003, the United States，"Technology Review” propo sed sensor network technology will be future changes ten people’s lives first.November 17, 2005, the WSIS held in Tunis (WSIS)，the International Telecommunication Union released ITU Internet Report 2005: Internet of Things ”，citing the concept of the” Int ernet of things "• The report pointed out that the ubiquitous ’’Internet of Things" communication era is approaching, all the objects in the world, from tires to toothbrushes, from housing to the tissue via the Internet, take the initiative to be exchanged. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)，sensortechnology, nanotechnology，intelligent embedded technology will be more widely used.According to the description of the ITU, the era of things，a short-range mobile transceivers embedded in a variety of daily necessities，human beings in the world of information and communication will receive a new communication dimension, from any time communication between people of the place of connection extended to the communication connection between persons and things and things and things. The Internet of Things concept of the rise，largely due to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the title of Internet of Things 2005 annual Internet Report. However，the ITU report the lack of a clear definition of Things.Domestic Internet of Things is also there is no single standard definition, but the Internet of Things In essence，the Internet of Things is a polymer application of modern information technology to a certain stage of development and technological upgrading of various sensing technology modern network technology and artificial intelligence and automation technology aggregation and integration of applications，so that the human and material wisdom of dialogue to create a world of wisdom. Because the development of the Internet of Things technology，involving almost all aspects of IT，innovative application and development of a polymer, systematic, and therefore be called revolutionary innovation of information industry. Summed up the nature of the Internet of Things is mainly reflected in three aspects: First, the Internet features that need to be networked objects must be able to achieve the interoperability of the Internet; identification and communication features，that is included in the Internet of Things "objects" must to have the functions of automatic identification and physical objects communication (M2M); intelligent features，the network system should have automated，self-feedback and intelligent control featuresJanuary 28, 2009, Obama became the President of the United States，held with U.S. business leaders a "round table’’，as one of the only two representatives，IBM CEO Sam Palmisano for the first time that H the wisdom of the Earth” this concept, it is recommended that the new government to invest in a new generation of intelligent infrastructure.February 24，2009 news，IBM Greater China CEO money crowd called "Smarter Planet” strategy announced in the forum 2009IBM.This concept was put forth, that is the great concern of the United States from all walks of life，and even analysts believe that IBM’s vision is very likely to rise to U.S. national strategy，and caused a sensation in the world. IBM believes that the industry, the next phase of the mission is to make full use of the new generation of IT technology in all walks of life among specifically，is the embedded sensors and equipment to the power grid，railways，bridges，tunnels, highways, buildings， water supply systems dams，oil and gas pipelines and other objects，and is generally connected to the formation of Things.Strategy conference, IBM, and implant the concept of ’’wisdom” in the implementation of the infrastructure，strong，not only in the short term to stimulate the economy，promote employment，and in a short period of time for China to build a mature wisdom infrastructure platform.IBM n Smarter Planet” strategy will set off again after the wave of Internet technology industrial revolution. Former IBM CEO Lou Gerstner has raised an important point of view, every 15 years，a revolution in computing model. This judgment is the same as Moore’s Law accurately call it a n15-year cycle Law' Before and after 1965, changes to the mainframe as a symbol，1980 marked by the popularization of personal computers，1995, the Internet revolution. Each such technological change are caused by the enterprise, industry and even the national competitive landscape of major upheaval and change. To a certain extent in the Internet revolution is ripening by the ”information superhighway” strategy. 1990s，the Clinton administration plan for 20 years, $ 200 billion to -4000 billion，construction of the U.S. National Information Infrastructure，to create a huge economic and social benefits.Today, the H Smarter Planet" strategy by many Americans that there are many similarities with the "informa tion superhighway”，the same they revive the economy，a key strategy for competitive advantage. The strategy can be set off, not only for the United States, such as the Internet revolution was the wave of technological and economic concern, more attention from the world.H Internet of Things prospects are very bright，it will dramatically change our current way of life.’’ Demonstration director of the Center of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics，National Electrical and Electronic Zhao Guoan said. Industry experts said that the Internet of things to our life personification of the things became a kind of human.Goods (goods) in the world of physicalobjects associated with each other "exchange' without the need for human intervention. The Internet of Things using radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, to achieve the interconnection and sharing of the automatic identification of goods (products) and information through the computer Internet. It can be said that the Internet of Things depict the world is full of intelligent. In the world of Internet of Things, material objects connected to the dragnet.The second session，held at Peking University in November 2008, China Mobile Government Seminar H Knowledge Society and Innovation 2.0n，the experts made the mobile technology, the Internet of Things technology led to the development of economic and social form, innovative forms of change，and promote the The next generation of innovation for the knowledge society as the core of user experience (innovative 2.0) the formation of innovation and development of the form to pay more attention to the user to focus on people-oriented. Research institutions is expected to 10 years，the Internet of Things may be mass adoption of this technology will develop into one of thousands of yuan-scale high-tech market，the industry than the Internet 30 times.It is learned that the things industry chain can be broken down into the identity，perception，processing and information transfer，four links, each link of the key technologies for the wireless transmission network of RFID, sensors，smart chip and telecom operators. EPOSS in the ’’Internet of Things in 2020” report，an analysis predicted that the future development of the Internet of Things will go through four stages, 2010, RFID is widely used in the field of logistics，retail and pharmaceutical objects interconnect 2010 to 2015，2015 〜In 2020，the object into the semi-intelligent, intelligent objects into 2020.As the vanguard of the Internet of Things，RFID has become the most concerned about the technology market. The data show that the global RFID market size in 2008 from $ 4.93 billion in 2007 rose to $ 5.29 billion，this figure covers all aspects of the RFID market，including tags, readers and other infrastructure, software and services. RFID card and card-related infrastructure will account for 57.3 percent of the market, reaching $ 3.03 billion. Application from financial and security industries will drive the market growth of RFID cards. Analysys International forecasts，the Chinese RFID market size in 2009 will reach 5.0 billion, a CAGR of 33%, in which the electronic tag is morethan 3.8 billion yuan，the reader close to 700 million yuan, software and services market to reach 500 million yuan pattern.MEMS is the abbreviation of the micro-electromechanical systems，MEMS technology is built on the basis of micro / nano, the market prospect is broad. The main advantage of the MEMS sensor is the small size，large-scale mass production cost reduction，mainly used in two major areas of automotive and consumer electronics. Under ICInsight the latest report is expected in 2007-2012, global sales of semiconductor sensors and actuators based on MEMS will reach 19 percent compound annual growth rate (CAGR), compared with $ 4.1 billion in 2007 to five years will achieve $ 9.7 billion in annual sales.7.PrincipleInternet of Things is on the basis of the computer Internet, RFID, wireless data communications technology, to construct a cover everything in the world’s ’’Internet of Things' In this network, the goods (products) to each other ’’exchange”，without the need for human intervention. Its essence is the use of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology to achieve the interconnection and sharing of the automatic identification of goods (products) and information through the computer Internet.The Internet of Things is a very important technology is radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. RFID is radio frequency identification (Radio Frequency Identification) technology abbreviation，is an automatic identification technology in the 1990s began to rise，the more advanced a non-contact identification technology. The development of RFID technology based on a simple RFID system, combined with existing network technology, database technology, middleware technology, to build a one composed by a large number of networked readers and numerous mobile label, much larger than the Internet of Things trend.RFID，It is able to let items "speak” a technique. In the "Internet of Things” con cept，RFID tags are stored in the specification and interoperability information collected automatically by wireless data communications network to a central information system，to achieve the identification of goods (products), and then through the open computer network for information exchange and sharing, items "transparent” management.The information technology revolution in the Internet of Things is referred to as IT mobile Pan of a specific application. Internet of Things through IntelliSense，identification technology andpervasive computing, ubiquitous network convergence applications，breaking the conventional thinking before，human beings can achieve ubiquitous computing and network connectivity [3]. The traditional thinking has been the separation of physical infrastructure and IT infrastructure: on the one hand，airports，roads，buildings，while on the other hand，the data center，PC，broadband. In the era of the ’’Internet of Things’’，reinforced concrete，cable with the chip，broadband integration into a unified infrastructure, in this sense, the infrastructure is more like a new site of the Earth, the world really works it, which including economic management, production operation, social and even personal life. H Internet of Things” makes it much more refined and dynamic management of production and life, to manage the future of the city to achieve the status of "wisdom” to improve resource utilization and productivity levels，and improve the relationship between man and nature.8.Agency1，institution-buildingAs the first national Internet of Things industry community organizations - the application of professional Committee of China Electronic Chamber of Things technology products (referred to as: ’’objects of the IPCC n)，the Ministry of Civil Affairs in June 2010，preliminary approved by the Ministry of August being reported that the Ministry of Civil Affairs for final approval.2, the main taskServe as a bridge between business and government to assist the Government of the industry guidance，coordination，consultation and services to help members to reflect the business requirements to the Government; coordinate the relationship between enterprises to strengthen technical cooperation, product distribution, the elimination of vicious competition ; supervision of members the correct implementation of national laws and regulations，to regulate the industry; member of information communication technology products, cooperation，resource sharing, capital operation, and promote the application of Internet of Things technologies and products，and promote the Internet of Things industrial scale，co-development.9.ConstructionInternet of Things in the practical application to carry out requires the involvement of all walks of life，and need the guidance of the national government as well as related regulations and policies toassist the launching of the Internet of Things has the scale，broad participation，management, technical，and material properties，etc. other features，the technical problem is the most crucial issues of Things billion Bo logistics consulting, Internet of Things technology is an integrated technology, a system not yet which company has overall responsibility for network planning and construction of the entire system, theoretical studies have commenced in all walks of life and the practical application is limited to within the industry. The key is on the planning and design and research and development of the Internet of Things research in the field of RFID，sensors，embedded software, and transmission of data calculation. In general，to carry out the steps of the Internet of things mainly as follows:(1)identified the object attributes，properties, including static and dynamic properties of the static property can be stored directly in the label，the dynamic properties need to start with sensors to detect real-time;(2)the need to identify the equipment to complete the reading of object attributes，and information into a data format suitable for network transmission;(3)the object of information transmitted over the network to the information processing center (processing center may be distributed，such as home computers or mobile phones，may also be centralized，such as China Mobile IDC) by the processing center to complete the object communication calculation.10.key areasInternet of Things 4 key areas:(1)RFID;(2)sensor network;(3)The M2M;(4)integration of the two.11 .TrendIndustry experts believe that the Internet of things on the one hand can improve economic efficiency and significant cost savings; the other hand，can provide technical impetus to global economic recovery. Currently，the United States，the European Union are all invested heavilyin-depth study to explore the Internet of Things. The country is also highly concerned about the emphasis of Things，Industry and Information Technology Ministry in conjunction with the relevant departments are conducting research in a new generation of IT to the formation of policies and measures to support the development of a new generation of IT.China Mobile CEO Wang Jianzhou has repeatedly mentioned the Internet of Things will become the focus of future development of China Mobile. He will be invited to Taiwan to produce RFID，sensors and bar code manufacturers and China Mobile. According to him，the use of the Internet of Things technology，Shanghai Mobile has a number of industrial customers tailor the data collection，transmission，processing and business management in one set of wireless application solutions. The latest data show that Shanghai Mobile has more than 100,000 chips mounted on a taxi，bus，various forms of matter networking applications in all walks of prowess, to ensure the orderly operation of the city. During the Shanghai World Expo, ’’the bus services through’’ will be fully applied to the Shanghai public transport system, the smooth flow traffic to the most advanced technology to protect Expo area; for logistics transportation management，e-logistics n，will provide users with real-time accurate information of Cargo, vehicle tracking and positioning, the transport path selection, logistics network design and optimization services greatly enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of logistics enterprises.In addition，the popularization of the n Internet of Things” for the number of animals，plants and machinery，sensors and RFID tags of items and related interface devices will greatly exceed the number of mobile phones. The promotion of the Internet of Things will become a drive to promote economic development for the industry to open up a potential development opportunities. According to the current demand on the Internet of Things，in recent years, billions of sensors and electronic tags，which will greatly promote the production of IT components，while increasing the number of job opportunities.According to reports, it is necessary to truly build an effective Internet of things, there are two important factors. First, the scale, only with the scale to make the items of intelligence play a role. For example, a city of one million vehicles，if we only 10000 vehicles installed on the smart system, it is impossible to form an intelligent transportation system; two mobility items are usually not static，but in the state of the movement，we must maintain the items in the state of motion，and even high-speed motion state can at any time for dialogue.FORRESTER of the authority of the U.S. advisory body predicted that 2020, the world ofbusiness of the Internet of Things，compared with the business of interpersonal communication，will reach 30 to 1，so the ’’Internet of Things’1 is known to be the next one trillion communications services.Internet of Things heat wave Why is rapidly growing in China? Internet of Things in China rapid rise thanks to the several advantages of our country in terms of things.In the early 1999 launched the Internet of Things core sensor network technology research, R & D level in the world; the second，sensor network field in the world，China is the standard one of the dominant country, the patent owner; third China is one of the countries to achieve a complete industrial chain of Things; F ourth, China’s wireless communications network and broadband coverage provides a solid infrastructure to support the development of the Internet of Things; Fifth, China has become the world’s first the three major economies，with strong economic strength to support the development of the Internet of Things.12.MythThe current understanding of the Internet of things there are a lot of misunderstanding，which is also a direct impact on our understanding of Things on the development of the logistics industry， it is necessary first to distinguish errors, clarify our thinking.One sensor networks or RFID network equivalent of Things. The fact that sensor technology，or RFID technology，or are simply one of the information collection technology. In addition to the sensor technology and RFID technology，GPS, video recognition，infrared，laser，scanning can be achieved automatically identify physical objects to communicate technical information collection technology can become the Internet of Things. Sensor networks or RFID network is just an application of Things，but not all of Things.Second，the Internet of Things as a myriad of unlimited extension of the Internet of Things as a completely open for all things，all of the interconnections，all shared Internet platform.In fact，the Internet of Things is not simple infinite extension of the global sharing of the Internet. Even if the Internet is also not only refers to we typically think of the international sharing computer network，Internet，WAN and LAN. Internet of Things can be both an extension of our usual sense of theInternet to the matter; LAN，professional can also be based on real needs and industrial applications. The reality is not necessary and can not make all the items networking; no need to make professional，LAN must be connected to the global Internet sharing platform. Of things in the future the Internet will be very different from the professional network of similar smart logistics, smart transportation，smart grid; the intelligence community and other local area network is the largest use of space.Ter, that the ubiquitous network of the Internet of Things Internet of Things, and therefore the Internet of Things is a castle in the air, is difficult to achieve the technology. In fact the Internet of things are real，many of the primary Internet of Things applications already for our services. The Internet of Things concept is introduced in many real-world applications based on polymeric integrated innovation，pre-existing network with the Internet of Things, intelligent，automated system, summarized and upgrading it upgraded from a higher perspective our knowledge.Four of Things as a basket，and everything installed inside; based on self-awareness, and only be able to interact, communication products as the Internet of Things applications. For example, just embedded some of the sensors，to become the so-called Internet of Things appliances; products labeled with RFID tags, became the Internet of Things applications.esThings widely used throughout the intelligent transportation, environmental protection，government，public safety, peace at home, smart fire, industrial monitoring, environmental monitoring, elderly care，personal health，floriculture，water monitoring，food traceability，enemydetection and intelligence collection and other fields.International Telecommunication Union in 2005, a report has portrayed the picture of the era of the "Internet of Things": car when the driver operational errors will automatically alarm; briefcase will remind the owner forgot somet hing; clothes will ’’tell” washing machine color and water temperature requirements. Billion Bo logistics consulting vivid introduction of Things in the logistics field，for example, a logistics company，application of Things truck，when loading overweight，the car will automatically tell you overloaded and overload how many, but the space remaining，the severity of。
万物互联英文文献
万物互联英文文献1. Title: Internet of Things: A review on enabling technologies, design challenges, and applicationsAuthors: Yan Zhang, Qinghua Zheng, Laurence T. YangPublished in: Journal of Industrial Information IntegrationAbstract: This paper presents a comprehensive review of enabling technologies, design challenges, and applications in the field of Internet of Things (IoT). The authors discuss various aspects such as IoT architecture, communication protocols, security and privacy issues, and various applications of IoT in healthcare, transportation, and smart cities.2. Title: A survey on Internet of Things architecturesAuthors: Antonio Jara, Miguel A. Zamora, Antonio F. Skarmeta Published in: Journal of Computers and Electrical Engineering Abstract: This paper provides a survey on different architectural approaches for implementing Internet of Things (IoT) systems. The authors discuss various architectures, including centralized, decentralized, and hybrid architectures, as well as the role of cloud computing in supporting IoT applications. The paper also highlights the challenges and future trends in IoT architecture design.3. Title: Machine learning in Internet of Things: a reviewAuthors: Guanglong Du, Shuangquan Wang, Guiwu WeiPublished in: Journal of Industrial Information IntegrationAbstract: This paper reviews the applications of machine learning techniques in the context of Internet of Things (IoT). The authors discuss how machine learning algorithms can be used to analyze and interpret the massive amount of data generated by IoTdevices, enabling intelligent decision-making and automation. The paper also discusses the challenges and future directions of machine learning in IoT.4. Title: Security and privacy in Internet of Things: A systematic literature reviewAuthors: Arpan Kumar Kar, Kumaraguru Ponnurangam, Pradeep Kumar KPublished in: Future Generation Computer SystemsAbstract: This paper presents a systematic literature review on security and privacy issues in the Internet of Things (IoT). The authors analyze various security and privacy concerns and propose solutions to mitigate them. The paper also discusses the challenges and future research directions in ensuring the security and privacy of IoT devices and systems.5. Title: Smart cities and Internet of Things: A systematic review Authors: Vipin Tyagi, Anand PaulPublished in: Journal of Grid ComputingAbstract: This paper reviews the concept of smart cities and the role of Internet of Things (IoT) in enabling smart city initiatives. The authors discuss various IoT-based applications in areas such as energy management, transportation, and healthcare in the context of smart cities. The paper also highlights the challenges and future prospects of implementing smart city initiatives using IoT technologies.。
物联网相关的英语作文100词左右
物联网相关的英语作文100词左右全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Internet of Things (IoT) is a rapidly growing technology that is revolutionizing the way we interact with everyday objects. In simple terms, the IoT refers to the interconnected network of physical devices that are embedded with sensors, software, and connectivity that allow them to communicate and exchange data with other devices and systems over the internet.One of the key advantages of the IoT is its ability to collect and analyze large amounts of data in real-time. This data can be used to optimize processes, improve efficiency, and enhance user experiences. For example, IoT devices can be used to monitor energy usage in a home, track inventory in a warehouse, or optimize traffic flow in a city.The IoT is also driving innovation in various industries, including healthcare, agriculture, and transportation. For instance, IoT-enabled medical devices can remotely monitor patients' health and alert healthcare providers of any abnormalities. In agriculture, IoT sensors can monitor soilconditions, weather patterns, and crop health to improve crop yields. In transportation, IoT technology can be used to track vehicles, optimize routes, and enhance safety.However, with the benefits of the IoT also come challenges. Security and privacy concerns are major issues, as IoT devices are vulnerable to cyber attacks and data breaches. In addition, the sheer volume of data generated by IoT devices can be overwhelming, leading to concerns about data storage and management.Overall, the IoT has the potential to transform how we live and work, connecting devices and systems in ways that were previously unimaginable. As the IoT continues to evolve, it is essential that we address the challenges it presents while harnessing its full potential to create a more connected and efficient world.篇2The Internet of Things (IoT) is a rapidly growing field that is revolutionizing the way we live, work, and interact with our surroundings. IoT refers to the network of physical devices, vehicles, appliances, and other objects that are embedded withsensors, software, and connectivity, allowing them to collect and exchange data.One of the key benefits of IoT is its ability to improve efficiency and productivity in various industries. For example, in agriculture, IoT sensors can monitor soil conditions, weather patterns, and crop health, allowing farmers to make data-driven decisions and optimize their operations. In healthcare, IoT devices can track patients' vital signs, medication adherence, and activity levels, enabling healthcare providers to deliver more personalized and timely care.Moreover, IoT has the potential to enhance convenience and automation in our daily lives. Smart homes, for instance, are equipped with IoT devices that can control lighting, temperature, security systems, and appliances remotely through a smartphone or voice commands. This technology not only increases comfort and convenience for homeowners but also promotes energy efficiency and cost savings.However, while the IoT offers numerous benefits, it also presents challenges in terms of data privacy and security. With the vast amount of data collected by IoT devices, there is a risk of unauthorized access or misuse of sensitive information. It is crucial for organizations and individuals to implement robustsecurity measures and protocols to safeguard data and mitigate potential risks.In conclusion, the Internet of Things is a transformative technology that is reshaping our world in diverse ways. By leveraging the power of IoT, we can drive innovation, improve efficiency, and enhance the quality of life for people around the globe. It is essential for stakeholders to collaborate and address the challenges associated with IoT to realize its full potential and create a more connected and intelligent society.篇3The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of interconnected devices that collect and exchange data with each other. This technology has transformed the way we live and work, making our lives more convenient and efficient.One of the key benefits of IoT is its ability to enhance connectivity. By connecting various devices, such as smartphones, wearable devices, and smart appliances, IoT enables seamless communication between them. This connectivity allows us to monitor and control our devices remotely, making our lives easier and more efficient.IoT also plays a crucial role in improving efficiency and productivity in various industries, such as healthcare, agriculture, and manufacturing. By using IoT devices to collect data and analyze information, businesses can make more informed decisions and streamline their operations. For example, in the healthcare industry, IoT devices can track patient data and provide real-time monitoring, leading to better patient care and outcomes.Moreover, IoT has the potential to create new opportunities and revenue streams. By leveraging the vast amounts of data generated by IoT devices, businesses can develop innovative products and services that cater to the needs of consumers. For example, smart home devices, such as smart thermostats and lighting systems, have become increasingly popular among consumers due to their convenience and energy-saving benefits.Overall, the Internet of Things has the power to transform our lives and create a more interconnected world. As technology continues to evolve, IoT will play a central role in shaping the future of society and driving innovation in various industries.。
物联网英文文献
1、Aruoma, O.I. The impact of food regulation on the food supply chain [J]. Toxicology, 2006,221: 1 19-1272、Kumar, S.,Budin, E.M. Prevention and management of product recalls in the processed food indus try : a case study based on an explorer's perspective [J]. Techinnovation,2006, 26: 739-7503、FAO/WHO Global Forum on Food Safety Regulators. Improving Efficiency and Transparency in Food Safety systems - sharing Experiences: Proceedings of the Forum [C]. Rome:FAO/WHO Glo bal Forum on Food Safety Regulators.2005.124-1534、Neil Vass, M.D. Tracking weakest links in cold chain. 20065、Diogo M.,Souza-Monteiro,Julie A.Caswell.The Economics of Implementing Traceability in Beef Supply Chains:Trends in Major Producing and Trading Countries[D].Working paper,University of Massachusetts Amherst,20046、Elise Golan，Barry Krissoff，Linda Calvin and Kenneth Nelson，“Traceability in the USA food supply:Economic Theory and Industry Shtdies”，Agricultural Economic report，N o.3,20047、Radha Gopalan.，“Sustainable Food Production and Consumption：Agenda for Action”，Economic and Political Weekly，V ol.36，No.14/15.20018、The Electronic Commerce Council of Canada. Tracking and Tracing of Food Product in Canada [ C]. Can-Trace December 9, 2003 Consultation Session. Canada. 2003.12 9、Van Der Vorst J A J，Dongen SV，Nouguier S and Horst R.E，“Business initiatives in food supply chains；definition and typology of electronic business”，International Journal of Logistics：Research and Applications，No.5.200210、Gary M.Gaukler.RFID in Supply Chain Management[D].Stanford University,2005。
关于物联网(英文版)
The Architecture
The Internet of things can be divided into three layers: perception layer, network layer and application layer.
Perception layer: Monitoring the change of environment & collecting data;
In the near future, the Internet of things will be largescale popularization, as a high-tech market, form the public management and service, enterprise, individual and family application three major market segments.
Network layer: Network interconnection & information transmission;
Application layer:Data processing & application.
The technologies related to it
RFID :（Radio frequency id, people put some information on the Internet and then we can see it .
The foundation of “the Internet of things" is still the Internet.
Challenge & Opportunity
物联网的英语作文
The Internet of Things IoT is a rapidly growing field that has the potential to revolutionize the way we live and work.It involves the interconnection of various devices and systems,allowing them to communicate with each other and exchange data. This essay will explore the concept of IoT,its benefits,challenges,and potential future developments.IntroductionThe Internet of Things,often abbreviated as IoT,refers to the network of physical devices, vehicles,buildings,and other objects embedded with sensors,software,and connectivity that enable these objects to collect and exchange data.IoT is transforming various industries,from healthcare to agriculture,and is set to become an integral part of our daily lives.Benefits of IoT1.Enhanced Efficiency:IoT devices can automate tasks,reducing the need for manual labor and increasing productivity.For instance,smart homes can control lighting,heating, and security systems remotely,saving both time and energy.2.Improved Safety:IoT can monitor environments for potential hazards.In industrial settings,sensors can detect toxic gases or structural issues,alerting workers to evacuate or take preventive measures.3.Healthcare Advancements:Wearable devices and smart health monitors can track vital signs and alert medical professionals to any abnormalities,enabling timely intervention and personalized care.4.Environmental Monitoring:IoT can be used to monitor air and water quality,helping to identify pollution sources and take corrective actions.Challenges of IoT1.Security Concerns:As devices become interconnected,they also become potential targets for cyberattacks.Ensuring the security of IoT devices is a significant challenge.2.Data Privacy:The collection and analysis of personal data raise privacy concerns.It is crucial to establish robust data protection regulations to safeguard user privacy.3.Interoperability:With numerous devices from different manufacturers,ensuring theycan communicate effectively is a challenge.Standardizing communication protocols is essential for IoTs success.4.Energy Consumption:The widespread deployment of IoT devices could lead to increased energy consumption.Developing energyefficient technologies is necessary to mitigate this issue.Future Developments1.Artificial Intelligence Integration:Combining AI with IoT can lead to more intelligent and responsive systems.For example,AI can analyze data from IoT devices to predict maintenance needs or optimize energy usage.2.5G Technology:The rollout of5G networks will provide the necessary bandwidth and low latency required for the massive expansion of IoT devices.3.Blockchain:Utilizing blockchain technology can enhance the security and traceability of IoT devices,providing a decentralized way to manage device identities and transactions.4.Ethical Considerations:As IoT becomes more pervasive,ethical considerations regarding its use will become increasingly important.Ensuring that IoT technologies are used responsibly and for the benefit of society is a key area for future development. ConclusionThe Internet of Things is a dynamic and evolving field with the potential to significantly impact our lives.While it offers numerous benefits,it also presents challenges that need to be addressed.As we move forward,it is essential to balance the technological advancements with ethical considerations,security measures,and sustainable practices to harness the full potential of IoT for a better future.。
物联网外文文献翻译
物联网外文文献翻译
物联网是一个由许多设备彼此连接而形成的网络，这些设备可以是智能手机、传感器、汽车等。
物联网允许设备之间相互通信和交换数据，从而实现更智能、更高效和更安全的生活。
在物联网领域，一些外文文献对于我们的研究和研究非常有帮助。
以下是一些常见的物联网外文文献：
- "A Survey on Internet of Things From Industrial Market Perspective"：这篇论文介绍了物联网的概念、应用和市场现状，并分析了物联网在未来的趋势。
- "Big Data Analytics for IoT-Based Smart Environments: A Survey"：文章描述了如何使用大数据分析来处理物联网设备所产生的数据，并探讨了这种技术如何应用于智能环境中。
- "A Review of Smart Cities Based on the Internet of Things Concept"：这篇综述了物联网在智慧城市中的应用，并对物联网在智慧城市化中的挑战和机遇进行了讨论。
通过阅读这些文献，我们可以更深入地了解物联网的应用、市场和发展趋势，并且了解如何将物联网技术应用到实际生活中。
物联网英文论文
Deploying the “Internet of Things”Robert A. DolinChief Technology Officer, Echelon Corporationbob@AbstractThis paper explores the value in distributing and networking intellig ent devices. Value is derived from distributing intelligence to each device locally. Further value is derived from having transparent access to these devices remotely. Extracting this value depends upon overcomin g the issues of transparent connectivity, data concentration, and device interoperability. Some examples of successful, valuable applications are offered to illustrate how one might help deploy the “Internet of things.”1. IntroductionBy now, we are all familiar with Metcalf’s law: that the "value" or "power" of a network increases in proportion to the square of the number of nodes on the network. Echelon Corporation was founded with the goal of vastly increasing the number of networked nodes by making it both economic and valuable to network everyday devices in homes, buildings, factories, transportation systems – in short, just about everywhere. While we are an OEM company, one that sells technology and infrastructure products to others who make finished products, we have learned a great deal about the value in our customer’s applications for networking devices. We have also found that a primary motivator for such networking today is to improve energy efficiency. In this paper, and with additional detail in my talk, I will provide some actual applications along with some of the challenges we all face in deploying the “Internet of things.”2. Energy Savings as a Motivating ForceThere are three case studies I would like to discuss, each having energy related cost savings as a primary motivator. The first example is in building automation, the second is in electrical distribution, and the third demonstrates the economic necessity of networking light bulbs (!) well, at least some of them. In each of these projects, Echelon was more involved than as usual in our supplier role, so I am more familiar with the details and economic rationale than is normally the case.2.1. Demand Reduction On CommandIn commercial office buildings today, about 80% of the energy consumed is for Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning (HVAC), and lighting. Echelon’s corporate headquarters in San ose is completely automated with the products of our customers so HVAC, lighting, access control, elevators and other main building systems are all on a single network with transparent access to all the devices. Furthermore, all the building automation devices are certified as interoperable devices by an independent trade association called LonMark® International. This association, made up of companies, installers, and end users of products using Echelon’s LonWorks® technology, certifies products as being open and interoperable. At our headquarters, we are participating in an energy conservation study with Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLL). In this study, LLL provides energy status over the Internet to the building facilities management company we use in San Francisco, some 50 miles north. This company monitors energy price information published by LLL over the Internet. Upon detecting that the price of energy has risen beyond a threshold, they send a SOAP message to our building controllers, which in turn, set each office into energy savings mode. Within minutes of the LLL energy status change, our building’s energy consumption is reduced by one third. We can maintain that state at no significant discomfort to the building occupants for four hours. This system is fully automatic, and requires no human intervention whatsoever. Additionally, it should be noted that our building is not distinctive from a construction standpoint in that it is the typical, poorly insulated, single pane windowed, office building that you would find in Silicon Valley.2.2. Utility AutomationIn June of 2000 ENEL, the largest electric utility in Italy, and Echelon entered into an agreement in which Echelon would supply communications infrastructure components to ENEL. ENEL had decided to replace every residential and light commercial electricity meter in their service area, all27,000,000of them with intelligent,communicating meters of their specification.These meters were designed to provide energy management,load control, and better service to their customer base of over 90% of Italy’s population. This project was essentially completed by the end of 2005. ENEL has given the project costs as approximately 2 Billion Euros, which includes the costs to procure the hardware, install the data systems, procure the meters and install them,and integrate these new devices into their business systems. They have reported publicly that they are now saving in excess of 500 million Euros per year. The system is projected to have a life of at least 15 years.This savings does not come from reading the meters remotely. In Europe, unlike in the U.S., an electricity meter is located inside the house and is read about once every 3 years, or when someone moves out. The bill is estimated monthly in the intervening time between reads. Instead, the savings comes from being able to know and balance the loads in the distribution network, theft prevention, accurate billing due to more precise metering, the integration of pre-pay capabilities within the standard meter, time of use pricing, being able to remotely disconnect electrical service, dynamically being able to adjust how much power a customer may use during times of power shortages, and a host of other applications.Additionally,the system provides ENEL with a platform for offering fee based services within the home should they choose to do so. Based upon this experience, and the favorable economic return that ENEL has and will enjoy, Echelon has designed a system of similar capability that is targeted for the rest of the world rather than being tailored to the Italian environment. We are actively trialing the system, called the Networked Energy Services (NES) system, with utilities around the world today.2.3. Automating Outdoor LightingSurprisingly, there is good economic justification for putting individually controlled outdoor municipal and roadway lights on a network. The city of Oslo in Norway has done a pilot program that proves the point.In Norway, all lighting accounts for 15% to 20% of the TOTAL yearly demand for electricity for the entire country.Street lighting alone is 38% of the energy used for lighting in Norway. Three years ago, to comply with a government directive to remove capacitors containing PCBs, the city of Oslo decided to not only remove those outdoor lights containing the PCBs,but to install a modern system that would save energy, provide better service, and serve as a model for environmental responsibility[1].The new lights come from multiple manufacturers who use Echelon’s power line communication technology within each light fixture for communication.The lights communicate to an Internet edge server provided by Echelon that manages each group of lights and communicates alarms and status back to a central data management site. Also integrated into the system are sensors that measure ambient light and the amount of traffic on the road. In this way, Oslo can control the light on the road providing a safer environment,such as when it rains during the day, as well as an energy saving environment by using individual dimming of the bulbs and dawn and dusk. The pilot project is only 120 of the 250,000 lights managed by the city of Oslo. The pilot has been running for over 6 months and has so far generated an energy savings of 70% over the old lights that it replaced. According to Philips[2], one of the vendors in the project, 45% of the savings is due to dimming the individual bulbs. The balance of the savings is primarily due to more modern bulbs and electronics. The pilot is expected to expand to 20,000 lights by the end of 2007. Hafslund, the company managing the system for Oslo, claims that the pilot system is currently generating a 15% return on the investment, primarily from energy savings, improved billing,and more efficient maintenance. All this with the environmental benefits from reduced energy consumption,fewer bulb replacements due to longer life from dimming, safer lighting and less light pollution.3. Problems, Problems, ProblemsWith all these benefits,one could easily jump to the conclusion that the “Internet of Things” will happen practically overnight. However, it will not. There are alot of non-intelligent things in the world, and replacing them takes time. For example,even with an aggressive installation rate of 700,000 meters per month, it took a total of5years for ENEL to complete their project. Replacing all the lights in a city means closing down one lane of a main road to change out the fixtures. Building Automation systems such as the one we have at Echelon typically are not changed out until they wear out.This can be15years or more. It is just a fact that the things that consume the most energy and thus have the most energy savings potential are large, expensive pieces of equipment. Finally, the people that install these systems need to be trained on the new systems for the installations to be successful. People can only be trained so quickly.Society can make a choice to accelerate these changes. Businesses can be given incentives,laws can be passed,regulations imposed such that society could enjoy a world of less pollution and fewer carbon emissions. And, as Echelon, Enel, and the City of Oslo have all shown, moving to an Internet of things brings positive returns,so that first movers enjoy lower costs and higher quality than their peers. However, this is a difficult choice to make. It always seems (in the short term) less expensive to pollute than not to pollute.It always feels less risky (in the short term) to do things the way they were done before. Nevertheless, the world does change, and in this case it will too.The supply of energy simply cannot continue to increase and easily meet the demands of the developed and quickly developing nations. The only way to have both economic growth and enough energy is to use what we can generate much more efficiently. I believe we are at this point now. As the recent devastation of hurricane Katrina has shown, a disruption of only 1% of the world’s oil and gas processing capability has a dramatic affect on the price of energy around the globe.That is a symptom of a system running at its capacity.These sorts of social issues are not the only impairments to deploying the Internet of things, however. There are a number of technical issues that still need the attention of the technical community.3.1. Internet Communication IssuesIt is still very difficult to place a device with a packet switching wireless modem(GPRS)on the Internet, where another machine connected anywhere can initiate packet communication to that device over the GPRS network. Service providers today balk at the idea of handing out routable IP addresses to always on endpoints, even when they are dynamic and must be resolved with DNS. Without being able to initiate communication from machine to another, the applications in this paper are not possible.It is also very difficult to get a wireless service provider to terminate a VPN at the service center and allow the service center to do the authentication and hand out the IP addresses. This would be an alternative to getting a routable IP address from the service provider, and is what is being used in the Oslo pilot.3.2. SecurityThe devices that are worth networking for energy savings are important ones that we all depend upon. The thought of making them accessible on the Internet always raises the issue of security. Standard means of providing security, SSL and Ipsec, are effective, but difficult to implement in embedded devices. Also there are deployment issues in installing the latest security patches on millions of devices.The solution to this problem also solves a scalability lions of devices can generate an incredible amount of data. This data should not be blindly passed upstream, but instead filtered and concentrated. At the concentration points, one can use standard security protocols and limit the deployment issues. For example,in the ENEL system, there are approximately 250,000 data concentrators for the 27,000,000meters.Of course, below the concentrator one still needs security, but the concentrator can servea firewall function and limit the outside attacks that can be mounted on the devices below it.3.3. InteroperabilityAll these devices will not come from a single source, yet they need to do more than just connect to each other, they need to understand and process what they are saying to each other. This requires standardization above the communication protocol layers. The L ON M ARK International Association provides this for systems using Echelon’s technology, but something is needed for IT systems talking to devices as well. To this end, Echelon and its competitors and customers are trying to develop an open standard with the OASIS organization basedupon SOAP/XML to convey the rich semantics of inter-device communication. Participation from interested parties is most welcome.4. ConclusionsThe distribution of intelligence to ordinary devices, coupled with a transparent, ubiquitous communications infrastructure can yield tangible benefits in energy savings, pollution control, quality of service and convenience. These benefits can result in returns on investment that are very competitive with the sorts of investment decisions companies make to generate superior returns for their shareholders. While issues remain, both technical and structural, first movers today are showing striking economic returns in their applications to network ordinary devices. These successes also fulfill society’s need to reduce conventional and carbon atmospheric pollution. In spite of the force of psychological inertia present in preserving the status quo, the spread of these successes will result in the inevitable deployment of an Internet of Things.5. References[1] Eirik Bjelland, Tom Kristoffersen,“The Intelligent Street Lighting Project for the City of Oslo”, Conference Proceedin g s of L ON W ORLD® 2005, unpublished, Paris, France, October 20, 2005. [2] Gil Soto Tolosa, “Outdoor Lighting Controls,” Conference Proceeding s of L ON W ORLD 2005, unpublished, Paris, France, October 20, 2005.6. About the AuthorRobert A. Dolin is the system architect for Echelon Corporation. He has been with Echelon since 1989. Heis the principle or co-inventor of fourteen of Echelon's patents, and was one of the designers of the LonWorks protocol, the network development system environment, the Neuron® C programming model, and LonWorks network management. In May 1995 he was named as Echelon's Chief Technology Officer. Before joining Echelon, he worked at ROLM Corporation for 11 years, where he was one of the principle developersof its fully distributed PBX telephone system. At ROLM he also held positions of first- and second-line management as well as worldwide responsibility for system architecture. He has a B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from the University of California at Berkeley.Echelon, LonWorks, L ON M ARK, L ON W ORLD, Neuron, are trademarks of Echelon Corporation registered in the United States and other countries.。
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International transport and distribution can be very different from domestic transportation and distribution. The host government policies, the modal rules and regulations in the host country, customs/trade policies, equipment and, above all, the business practices may be radically different. For example, Coca Cola has 70 per cent of the Japanese market share for soft drinks. This has been possible because the company took time to understand the Japanese distribution practices and built up a fully dedicated route sales force. The company also used private trucking instead of depending on trucks of independent truckers and wholesalers, the usual practice in the home country[5]. Furthermore, the operating procedure as to the following major areas in the international arena can be markedly different. First, documentation needed to process a transaction may be more complicated, may involve many more parties, may require much more data, and thus often requires an expert to complete the documentation formalities. Next, different currencies in various countries have to be taken into account. In addition, the hardware, e.g. rolling stock, railroad track, type and capacity of trucks, may be totally different. Partial or total monopoly of international freight forwarders in some markets adds another level of complexity and makes it imperative to have a good information system to aid in the co-ordination process[6].
International Logistics
Information Systems
Prabir K. Bagchi
International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management. Vol. 22 No. 9, 1992, pp. 11-19 © MCB University Press, 0960-0035
(3) Uncover issues in international logistics information systems (ILIS) design and implementation.
(4) Present a generic framework for an ILIS for a global company.
Objectives This study aims to achieve the following objectives:
(1) Understand and analyze the logistics needs in the emerging global marketplace.
(2) Study with the aid of examples how leading edge global firms have been using information systems in logistics.
INTERNATIONAL LOGISTICS INFORMATION SYSTEMS
O ffers some insights into the logБайду номын сангаасstical challenge relating to the characteristics of the global marketplace.
Received February 1992 Revised May 1992, September 1992
successfully it can tap the global marketplace. Even today, there are leading edge companies who are sourcing their raw materials and components in one country, fabricating in a second country and assembling in another part of the world for global consumption. For example, Sony sources materials from various countries in the Far East, assembles finished products in Mexico, and sells these products in North America, Europe and other places.
International Logistics International logistics is the process involved in managing uninterrupted flow of materials (e.g. raw materials, components andfinishedgoods) for a firm from the source to the final destination independent of national boundaries.