最新-2018届高考英语 第五讲 介词和介词短语语法精讲精练 教师版 精品
高考英语语法精讲精练-介词和介词短语[教师版]
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2012届新课标高三第二轮专题讲解介词英语中称为“preposition”是由“前缀pre-(在……前部)+position(位置)”构成的,所以又叫前置词。
一般放在名词、代词或动名词的前面。
介词是虚词,主要用来表示人、物、事件等与其他人、物、事件之间的关系,如空间位置、时间先后、因果关系、方式方法等。
介词与其宾语构成介词短语。
可作介词宾语的主要有名词、代词、动名词(或动名词短语)、名词性从句等。
分类特点例词简单介词即一个介词about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond,during, in, on等等。
合成介词由两个介词构成合成词into, onto, throughout, upon, within短语介词由短语构成according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to,thanks to等等。
双重介词由两个介词搭配而成from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between等等。
分词介词由现在分词转化而来considering(就……而论), including,regarding,concerning等。
兼类介词由形容词直接转化而来like, unlike, near, next, opposite等等。
介词不能独立在句中做成份,介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分,表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。
介词短语的功能例句作定语They didn’t find the solution to the problem.作状语We have breakfast at seven.(表时间)They were late for the meeting because of the heavy rain.(表原因)What do you mean by doing such a thing?(表方法)Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(表条件)介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一,使用频率相当高,其用法跟冠词一样复杂。
高考英语语法复习-介词和介词短语

between & among & around A. between 在两者之间 My teacher is sitting between Tom and Mike. 我们的老师正坐在汤姆和麦克之间。 What’s the difference between A and B? B. among 在三者或更多的之中 There is a beautiful house among the trees. 在树林之中有一间漂亮的房子。 He is very popular among the students. 他在学生之中很受欢迎。 C. around环绕,在……周围,在……四周 The earth moves around the sun. 地球围绕太阳转。
on & above & over & under & below
A. on 在……上面,有接触面。 on the desk 在桌子上面 on the map 在地图上 There are two maps on the wall. 墙上有两张地图。
B. above 在……上方 Our plane flew above the clouds. 我们的飞机在云端上飞行。 C. over 在……正上方,是under的反义词 There is a light over Li Ming. 李明的正上方有一盏灯。 A few birds were flying over the sea. 有几只鸟在海上飞。
高考英语技巧——从“定语”角度释解形容词、介词和介词短语的用法规则

(5)形容词/副词比较级可以用much, even, still, far, a little, a lot, rather等来修饰。
It was also much more than we could afford, but far less than the original asking price.这个价格仍然远远超出我们能 够负担得起的价位,但是它已经远远低于最初的要价了。
blown away.We are so proud of her.“It's (wonder).” 解析:wonderful 设空处前有系动词is,应用形容词作 表语,故此处应用形容词wonderful。 3.(全国卷Ⅲ)They also shared with us many
(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were hugely popular with tourists. 解析:traditional 设空处修饰名词stories,此处应用形 容词形式,故填traditional。
healthy and
(meaning) college experience.
解析:meaningful 设空处与前面的形容词health为并列 关系,共同修饰空格后的college experience,由此可知, 此处也应用形容词形式,故填meaningful。
5.(浙江 6 月高考)School uniforms are
A+谓语+倍数+that+ of+B=A+谓语+倍数 +what引导的名词性从 句
When you study the local map, you'll find this town is twice the size of that one. 当你研究当地的地图时,你会发现这座城镇 是那座(城镇)的两倍大。
中考英语语法精讲精练--介词和介词短语

介词和介词短语
4.by,beside,near (1)by表示“在……旁边”,较near更近。 如:My house is by the river. 我的家在河边。 (2)beside表示“近旁”“紧靠”,相当于next to。 如:Come and sit beside me. 来,坐在我的身旁。
介词和介词短语
如: I will get to Australia before Friday. 我将于星期五之前到达澳大利亚。 ②表次序,意为“在……之前,先于”。如: Those with babies can get on the bus before others. 带小孩的人可以先上公共汽车。
介词和介词短语
(3)till/until表示“到……为止,直到……之时, 直至”,在肯定句中要用延续性动词。如:
You'd better stay in bed till tomorrow. 你最好在床上待到明天。 I shall wait until ten o'clock. 我将等到10点钟。
1.by,in,on表交通方式 用 by 时 , 交 通 工 具 前 不 用 任 何 限 定 词 ; 用 on 或in时,交通工具前要用限定词。如: Jenny goes to school by bike. 詹妮骑自行车去上学。(by bike=on a bike)
介词和介词短语
Mr.Green goes to work by car.格林先生开车去 上班。
介词和介词短语
(3)near 意 为 “ 在 …… 附 近 ” , 可 以 表 示 空间、时间关系等。如:
He sits near the window. 他坐在窗户附近。
介词和介词短语
2018年高考英语外研版一轮复习课件:语法专项 五、代词、介词和介词短语 精品

③It+be+n. (+for sb. /sth. )+to do sth. 用于此句型的名 词(短语)有: pity, shame, pleasure, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。 *It is bad manners for the young to take up the seats for the old.
【高考题组】用适当的代词填空 1. (2015·全国卷Ⅱ)When _n_e_it_h_e_r_of the two methods removed the noise, I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away. 2. (2015·浙江高考)They recognize there’s _so_m__e_t_h_in_g_ missing in their lives, but it’s hard to step off the track.
②It+be+adj. +of sb. to do sth. 此句型中的形容词描述 的是人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有: kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever 等。 *How silly it was of you to give up such a good chance!
考点2 it的用法 1. it作人称代词的用法 (1)指事物 作为人称代词, it可以指除人以外的一切事物或动物。 *It’s hard work, but I enjoy it.
(2)指人 it指人时主要用于指性别不明的婴儿或用于确认某人的 身份。 *There is a knock on the door. It must be the postman.
秘籍02 介词和介词短语-2018年高考英语抢分秘籍 Word版含解析

秘笈02 介词和介词短语介词在英语中比较活跃,然而在高考中直接考查介词的题不是很多,但是介词却是考生最容易犯错误的语法项目之一。
预计2018年高考对介词的考查将不再局限于单个介词,将会更加注重对介词固定搭配中的介词的考查,精细化考查介词短语的辨析。
在学习介词时,应重点掌握介词的基本用法,同时注意总结其与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。
介词的分类考向①介词短语的功能介词不能独立在句中做成份,介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分,表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。
考向②常考介词的辨析介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一,使用频率相当高,其用法跟冠词一样复杂。
但根据近年来高考命题的情况来看,考生需要掌握以下内容。
1.表示相同或相似概念的介词(短语)的区别1.(2017·北京·单项填空)Many people who live along the coast make a living _______ fishing industry.A. atB. inC. onD. by【答案】B2.(2017·江苏·单项填空)Determining where we are ____________ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.A. in contrast toB. in defense ofC. in face ofD. in relation to【答案】D【解析】考查介词短语。
A. in contrast to对比,截然不同;B. in defense of为……辩护;C. in face of面对;D. in relation to与……有关。
句意:根据周围的环境辨别方位仍然是我们生存的一项极其重要的技能。
故选D。
3. (2017·北京·单项填空)When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you willbe ___________ trees that are over 1,000 years old.A. amongB. againstC. behindD. below【答案】A【解析】句意:当你开车穿过加利福尼亚的红木森林时,你将会穿梭于超过千年历史的树木之间。
+2024年人教版英语中考介词和介词短语讲解课件

• 5. 说实话,我不喜欢这个主意。-> To be honest, I don't
like the idea.
练习题答案
• 6. 我们将在下午三点见面。-> We will meet at 3 o'clock in the
afternoon.
• 7. 猫在屋顶上。-> The cat is on the roof. • 8. 他因为交通堵塞迟到了。-> He was late because of the
- 表示时间的介词:
- during, through, over - 例句:We stayed there during the summer. - 练习题:我们在夏天呆在那里。(用表示时间的介词) - by, till, until - 例句:You must finish the work by tomorrow. - 练习题:你必须在明天之前完成工作。(用表示时间的介词)
表示地点的介词:
- on, in, to, above, over - 例句:The book is on the table. - 练习题:书在桌子上。(用表示地点的介词) - through, across, pass, over - 例句:He walked through the forest. - 练习题:他穿过森林。(用表示地点的介词)
traffic jam.
• 9. 如果你努力工作,你就能成功。-> You can succeed if you
work hard.
• 10. 她比她哥哥高。-> She is taller than her brother.
练习题答案
终稿-高考英语-介词和介词短语

专题四介词和介词短语综合演练Ⅰ.语法填空(2018福建厦门一次质检)“Do the difficult things while they are easy and do the great things while they are small.” “Nothing is softer and1(flexible)than water, yet nothing can resist it.”These are the food for thought2(serve)to tube passengers at Oval station in south London. It's been 14 years since customer services manager Anthony Gentles3(inspire)to brighten up the “blank faces” of travelers with daily4(wise)from his favorite book, Tao Te Ching. Every day he wrote one quote on the board5 (him). Mr. Gentles said offering quotes from ancient China was his way of6 (try)to make people feel more welcome as they braved the Underground.Thousands of quotes later, Mr. Gentles' favorite message remains the first one he wrote:“A journe y of a thousand miles begins7 a single step.” “Because it's8 (fundamental)true,” he said. “No matter9you live your life, regardless of your situation, you have to take the first step.”Since 2007,the baton(接力棒)has been taken on by his colleague Glen Sutherland, 10quotes on the station information board have set off a wave of enthusiasm to copy the practice across the capital.1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6.7.8.9.10.答案[语篇解读]英国伦敦南部的欧维尔地铁站站口的信息板上写着名言,欧维尔地铁站已经坚持这个传统14年了。
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介词英语中称为“preposition”是由“前缀pre-(在……前部)+position(位置)”构成的,所以又叫前置词。
一般放在名词、代词或动名词的前面。
介词是虚词,主要用来表示人、物、事件等与其他人、物、事件之间的关系,如空间位置、时间先后、因果关系、方式方法等。
介词与其宾语构成介词短语。
可作介词宾语的主要有名词、代词、动名词(或动名词短语)、名词性从句等。
分类特点例词about, across, after, against, among, around, at, 简单介词即一个介词below, beyond, during, in, on等等。
into, onto, throughout, upon, within由两个介词构成合成合成介词词according to, because of, instead of, up to, due 短语介词由短语构成to, owing to, thanks to等等。
from among, from behind, from under, till after, 双重介词由两个介词搭配而成in between等等。
considering(就……而论), including,regarding,分词介词由现在分词转化而来concerning等。
like, unlike, near, next, opposite等等。
由形容词直接转化而兼类介词来介词不能独立在句中做成份,介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分,表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。
介词短语的功能例句作定语They didn’t find the solution to the problem.介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一,使用频率相当高,其用法跟冠词一样复杂。
但根据近年来高考命题的情况来看,考生需要掌握以下内容。
1.表示相同或相似概念的介词(短语)的区别classmates.注意:但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西,强调的是两两相互间接关系时、在谈到一些事物或一组事物,而把它们视为分居两边时以及在谈事物间的差别时,就用between。
①Agreements were made between thedifferent countries.②The little valley lies between highmountains.③T hey don’t know the differencebetween wheat, rice and coin.in on to in表示在某范围内;on指与什么毗邻;to指在某环境范围之外。
①Changchun is in the northeast ofChina.②Mongolia is on the north ofChina.③Japan is to the east of China.on in on只表示在某物的表面上,而用in表示占去某物一部分。
①There is a book on the piece ofpaper. ②There is an interestingarticle in thenewspaper.③ He dug a hole in the wall.in into in通常表示位置(静态);into表示动向,不表示目的地或位置。
①We walked in the park.②We walked in to the park.through across through表示从内部通过,与in 有关;across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过,与on有关。
①Water flows through the pipe.②The old man walked across thestreet.in the corner on the corner at the corner in the corner 表示在角落里,in指角的内面;on thecorner表示“在角上”,on指的不是内面,也不是外面,而含内外兼有之意;at thecorner指“在拐角处”,at指的是拐角外附近的外面。
①The lamp stands in the corner ofthe room.②I met with him at the streetcorner.③He sat on the corner of thetable.除了besidesexceptbutexcept forbesides指“除了……还有,再加上”;except指“除了,减去什么”,不能放在句首。
but 与except意思近似,表示“除了……外”经常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere,everything等和其他疑问词后面。
except for表示“如无……就,只是”表明理由细节。
①All went out besides me.②All went out except me.③I never saw him reading anythingbut the newspaper.④His diary is good except for afew spelling mistakes.表示的构成例子概念动作(表进行概念、表被动的关系)at+名词at dinner/table在吃饭 at work在工作 at war交战at cards 在玩牌at work 在办公at play 在玩耍at rest在休息school在上学at press正在排印at church在做礼拜beyond+名词beyond belief难以置信 beyond control不听管教。
beyond compare无可比拟 beyond description难以形容beyond expression无法表达 beyond suspicion无可怀疑in+名词或in +名词+of+名词in the army在当兵 in need of需要 in action在运转in progress在进行 in operation在运行中 in use 开始使用in sight看得见 in store贮藏着in course of construction正在兴建当中。
in (good) repair维修良好的in course of shipment. 定的货正在运输途中。
in charge of 负责in the charge of 由……负责in possession of 拥有in the possession of 被……拥有on+名词on business办事/出差 on holiday/vacation/leave在休假on watch值班 on duty值勤/日。
on guard在值勤 on strike在罢工on sale出售 on loan借贷on the move 在移动,搬迁,离开 on the march在行军on the air在广播 on fire在燃烧。
on trial在试用on show/display/exhibition在展出under+名词under control在控制之中 under discussion在讨论underdevelopment在发展中 under observation在观察中under test在被测试 under construction在建设中under fire在炮火中 under examination在检查/调查中under consideration在考虑中 under repair在修理中under arrest被逮捕 under attack受到袭击under medical treatment在治疗中 under st udy在研究中其他against one’s opinion反对某人的见解for one’s opinion同意某人的见解above reproach无可指责,无可非议2.常见同一形容词与不同介词搭配时意义上的差别follow me跟在我后面(容易在follow后加behind)marry sb.与某人结婚(容易在marry后加with)go abroad出国(容易在go后面加to)live upstairs住在楼上(容易在live后面加 in)母语思维,误用介词be caught in the rain被雨淋着(不用by)leave for some place动身去某地(不用to)set an example to sb.为某人树立榜样(不用for)in the direction朝着……方向(不用to)do a favor for sb.帮某人一个忙(不用to)different from和……不同(不用with)with the help of在……的帮助下(不用under)steal sth. from sb.偷某人的东西(不用of)read sth. to sb.给(为)……读(念)……(不用for)①Although my opinion, the old professor didn’t come up with his own.A. againstB. onC. forD. in②Some people choose jobs for other reasons money these days.A. forB. exceptC. besidesD. with【解析】答案为C。
句意:如今一些人选择工作时,除了钱的原因还有其他原因。
besides 意为“除了(包含除去的)”;except意为“除了(不包含除去的)”。
根据题意besides符合题意。
③Some students often listen to music classes to refresh themselves.A. betweenB. amongC. overD. during【解析】答案为A。
between用于两者之间,也可指多个事物中的两两之间的关系;among 用于三者或三者以上。
“课间”是指两节课之间,因此应用between。
④This is a junior school. You should go to a senior school girls of your age.(2018北京卷)A. forB. aboutC. fromD. to【解析】答案为A。
for在此表示“适于、适合”。
句意:这是一所初级中学,你应该去一所适合你这个年龄段女孩子的高级中学读书。
⑤the silence of the pauses, we could hear each other’s breathing and could almost hear our own heartbeats.A. InB. ForC. UnderD. Between【解析】答案为A。