case report写作
INTRODUCTION
引言
1、总体上介绍GIST，什么是 GIST，有什么特点，病 理特征怎么样等等。。。 2、我们在这里报道1例由于 阑尾出血而偶然诊断的 GIST。
Case Report
病例报告
1、最简单易写，但是认为 最关键，因为要引起 别人的兴趣。 2、好写在什么地方？ 好比我们中文个案一 样—男，多少岁，因 为XX入院，实验室检 查。。，手术。。 3、很多话是可以“拿来” 的，好比一个填空一 样，只是个别数值需 要修改下就好。
胃肠道间质瘤举例——GIST(上文)
这是一例关于阑尾间质瘤的病例，我之前说过胃肠 道间质瘤在胃肠道常见，阑尾罕见。
Abstract an Keywords
概述性摘要： 三步走 1、GIST是什么？ 2、GIST是少见，绝大部分 位于胃肠部位，但是 位于阑尾非常罕见。 3、我们在此报道1例阑尾 GIST，由于阑尾出血 而被偶然诊断。 关键词： 一般满足要求即可。
SCI之路1——Case Report篇
Case Report组成
1.Abstract and Keywords(摘要和关键词) 2.INTRODUCTION(引言) 3.CASE REPORT(病例报告) 4.DISCUSSION(讨论) 5.REFERENCES(参考文献)
Case Report
Case Report中注意事项
1、前面讲过，比较好写，因为很多话在任何病例中基本是一样的，A 56-year-old man was admitted to our department on an emergency basis because of a sudden onset of hematochezia.注意我划线部分， 就是所谓的可以填空的，一个56岁的男性患者因为突然开始便血 而来我院就诊，那你可以替换成因为头疼，或因为腹疼，或因为 腹泻。。。 2、写作中基本就是按照我们诊断基本的步骤而来，从体检到实验室或 者影像学检查，再到手术或者治疗，再到预后等等，限于篇幅， 但是在此之间要在相应部位插入图片，比如术前的影像学、术中 照片以及术后病理等等。。。。。。
Case Report
图片
Case Report的精彩部分在 于图片，所以尽可能有详 细的资料。
DISCUSSION
讨论
1、讨论部分一般而言比较 难写，但是这个不同于 论著，主要是针对文献 进行讨论。 2、讨论中要参插本例病例 的特点，与其他的病例 或以往病例进行比较， 3、基本的思路就是从临床 特点、影像学检查、治 疗方法以及术后病理等 方面讨论，有点类似综 述的样子。。。
References
பைடு நூலகம்参考文献
这个没什么好说的，跟一 般中文要求没太大差别， 但是要注意各杂志的要求
总结
限于篇幅，没能讲得很好
1、模仿写——尤其是Case report部分。 2、注意医学术语——比如入院admitted to。。。。。。 3、准备好的资料，尤其是图片资料。。。。。。 4、平时多看文献，或者写Case之前 多看看别人是怎么写Case的，看的 多了，慢慢也就会了！
SCI之路1——Case Report篇
INTRODUCTION
引言
1、总体上介绍GIST，什么是 GIST，有什么特点，病 理特征怎么样等等。。。 2、我们在这里报道1例由于 阑尾出血而偶然诊断的 GIST。
Case ReΒιβλιοθήκη ort 病例报告1、最简单易写，但是认为 最关键，因为要引起 别人的兴趣。 2、好写在什么地方？ 好比我们中文个案一 样—男，多少岁，因 为XX入院，实验室检 查。。，手术。。 3、很多话是可以“拿来” 的，好比一个填空一 样，只是个别数值需 要修改下就好。
Case Report组成
1.Abstract and Keywords(摘要和关键词) 2.INTRODUCTION(引言) 3.CASE REPORT(病例报告) 4.DISCUSSION(讨论) 5.REFERENCES(参考文献)
胃肠道间质瘤举例——GIST(上文)
这是一例关于阑尾间质瘤的病例，我之前说过胃肠 道间质瘤在胃肠道常见，阑尾罕见。
Abstract an Keywords
概述性摘要： 三步走 1、GIST是什么？ 2、GIST是少见，绝大部分 位于胃肠部位，但是 位于阑尾非常罕见。 3、我们在此报道1例阑尾 GIST，由于阑尾出血 而被偶然诊断。 关键词： 一般满足要求即可。
Case Report
Case Report中注意事项
1、前面讲过，比较好写，因为很多话在任何病例中基本是一样的，A 56-year-old man was admitted to our department on an emergency basis because of a sudden onset of hematochezia.注意我划线部分， 就是所谓的可以填空的，一个56岁的男性患者因为突然开始便血 而来我院就诊，那你可以替换成因为头疼，或因为腹疼，或因为 腹泻。。。 2、写作中基本就是按照我们诊断基本的步骤而来，从体检到实验室或 者影像学检查，再到手术或者治疗，再到预后等等，限于篇幅， 但是在此之间要在相应部位插入图片，比如术前的影像学、术中 照片以及术后病理等等。。。。。。
case report范文
case report范文Title: A Miraculous Recovery: A Case ReportIntroduction:In this case report, we present the extraordinary journey of Mr. Smith, a 62-year-old man who experienced a life-threatening medical condition. This report aims to provide a comprehensive overview of his case, including the initial presentation, diagnostic workup, treatment interventions, and the remarkable recovery that followed. Mr. Smith's case highlights the importance of timely medical intervention, multidisciplinary collaboration, and the resilience of the human spirit.Clinical Presentation:Mr. Smith presented to the emergency department with severe chest pain, shortness of breath, and profuse sweating. His symptoms were suggestive of a myocardialinfarction, commonly known as a heart attack. Upon arrival, he appeared pale, diaphoretic, and in distress. His vital signs were unstable, with a blood pressure of 80/50 mmHgand a heart rate of 120 beats per minute. The gravity ofhis condition necessitated immediate resuscitative measures. Diagnostic Workup:An electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed ST-segmentelevation in leads II, III, and aVF, confirming the diagnosis of an inferior myocardial infarction. Further investigations, including cardiac enzyme markers and echocardiography, supported the diagnosis and provided valuable information regarding the extent of myocardial damage. Additionally, coronary angiography revealed acritical stenosis in the right coronary artery.Treatment Interventions:Given the severity of Mr. Smith's condition, a multidisciplinary team consisting of cardiologists, interventional radiologists, and cardiac surgeonscollaborated to devise an optimal treatment plan. Initially, he was stabilized with intravenous fluids, oxygen supplementation, and pain relief. Subsequently, he underwent emergent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to restore blood flow in the occluded coronary artery. A drug-eluting stent was successfully placed, effectively resolving the stenosis.Recovery and Rehabilitation:Following the successful PCI, Mr. Smith's condition gradually improved. He was closely monitored in theintensive care unit for the first few days to manage potential complications and ensure optimal recovery. Physical therapy and cardiac rehabilitation were initiated early to enhance his cardiovascular fitness and prevent deconditioning. With each passing day, Mr. Smith's strength and endurance improved, and he regained his independence.Psychological Impact:While the physical recovery was remarkable, it isimportant to acknowledge the psychological impact that such a traumatic event can have on patients. Mr. Smith experienced anxiety, fear, and a sense of vulnerability during his hospitalization. A multidisciplinary team, including psychologists and social workers, provided emotional support, counseling, and education to help him cope with the psychological aftermath of the myocardial infarction. This holistic approach played a crucial role in his overall recovery.Conclusion:Mr. Smith's case demonstrates the critical importance of timely intervention, collaborative care, and comprehensive rehabilitation in achieving a successful recovery from a life-threatening medical condition. It also highlights the resilience and determination of individuals in overcoming adversity. By sharing this case report, we hope to inspire healthcare professionals to continue providing compassionate care and innovative interventions that can transform lives and restore hope.。
case report
• 此外，MRI上脊髓实质无异常是可能的，但在硬脊膜动静脉瘘的 情况下不典型。 • 因为患者有减肥手术史，她患营养不良和相关神经功能障碍的风 险增加。病人接受了Roux-en-Y胃旁路手术，结果产生了一个小 的近端胃袋，该胃袋直接连接到中空肠，从而绕过了胃、十二指 肠和近端空肠——消化道中对脂肪和矿物至关重要的部分。因此， 该过程产生吸收不良状态，可导致许多营养缺陷，包括维生素A、 B1、B2、B6、B9、B12、D和E以及铁、铜和其他微量营养素的 缺乏。手术后，有顽固性呕吐、不能耐受食物、过度饮酒、体重 超出预期、或没有按指示服用维生素补充剂的病人，是营养不良 发生的最大风险。
• 在这个病人中，血液中维生素B12水平正常，这个结果不支持对 维生素B12缺乏是脊髓病的主要原因。然而，没有提供确切的维 生素B12水平。在症状与维生素B12缺乏症一致的患者中，维生 素B12的低正常或临界水平可导致进一步的评估，如甲基丙二酸 和同型半胱氨酸的检测，它们是维生素B12缺乏症的敏感标志。 由于本例中没有报告这些检测结果，并且没有精确的血液维生素 B12水平，因此我们不能排除维生素B12缺乏是该患者脊髓病的 根本原因。
• 生化：电解质，葡萄糖，维生素B12（钴胺素）和维生素B（叶 酸）的学院水平正常。人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）1型p24抗原1 型和2型HIV和丙型肝炎病毒抗体的血液检测结果为阴性。丙戊酸 钠血药浓度15.3ug/ml（有限浓度为50-100)。尿常规正常。其 他实验室检查见表一。头颅MRI平扫：T2加权图像轻度异常，脑 室周围白质变性，小血管缺血病灶。停用丙戊酸，给于大剂量甲 强龙冲击，转入神经科治疗。 • 心理检查结果（包括语言，注意力和记忆力测试）是正常的。腿 部无法活动，小腿和脚部肌肉萎缩。双手比双臂肌力更差。深反 射在踝关节2+，膝关节3+，肱二头肌3+。对震动觉，轻触觉和 针刺觉双下肢无反应，双上肢减退。针刺觉的平面是T4。双侧足 底反射消失。抗核抗体血液检测阳性，滴度为1：40。血清蛋白 电泳正常，免疫球蛋白中度弥漫性增加。对于抗逆转录酶抗体和 对伯氏疏螺旋体和人类T淋巴细胞病毒（HTLV）1型和2型的抗体 的筛选均阴性。其他试验室结果如表1。
英语病例报告作文
英语病例报告作文Title: Case Report in English。
Introduction:A case report is an important tool in medical research that documents the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of a patient. It is a detailed description of a patient's medical history, symptoms, physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Case reports are often used to share rare or unusual cases, to describe new diseases or treatments, and to highlight diagnostic challenges or successes. In this article, we will discuss the key components of a case report and provide examples of how they are used in medical research.Case Presentation:The case presentation is the first section of a case report and provides an overview of the patient's medicalhistory, symptoms, and physical examination findings. It should include a brief summary of the patient's demographic information, medical history, and presenting symptoms. For example:A 45-year-old male with a history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia presented to the emergency department with chest pain and shortness of breath. He reported a sudden onset of severe chest pain that radiated to his left arm and jaw. He also complained of difficulty breathing and sweating profusely. On physical examination, he was found to have an elevated blood pressure and heart rate, and crackles were heard in his lungs.Diagnostic Studies:The second section of a case report is the diagnostic studies, which describe the laboratory tests, imaging studies, and other diagnostic procedures used to diagnose the patient's condition. It should include the results of any relevant laboratory tests, such as blood tests, urine tests, or imaging studies, such as X-rays, CT scans, orMRIs. For example:The patient's initial electrocardiogram (ECG) showedST-segment elevation in leads II, III, and aVF, consistent with an acute inferior myocardial infarction. A chest X-ray revealed bilateral pulmonary edema. Blood tests showed elevated troponin levels, indicating myocardial injury.Treatment and Outcome:The third section of a case report is the treatment and outcome, which describes the patient's response totreatment and their overall outcome. It should include a description of the treatment plan, any complications or adverse effects of treatment, and the patient's overall clinical course. For example:The patient was diagnosed with an acute inferior myocardial infarction and was treated with aspirin, heparin, and nitroglycerin. He underwent a cardiac catheterization, which revealed a 90% stenosis in the right coronary artery. The stenosis was successfully treated with percutaneouscoronary intervention (PCI) and a stent was placed. The patient's symptoms improved and he was discharged from the hospital on the third day after admission. He was prescribed antiplatelet and lipid-lowering medications and referred to cardiac rehabilitation.Discussion:The final section of a case report is the discussion, which provides an interpretation of the case and a review of the relevant literature. It should include a discussion of the diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of the case, as well as any relevant differential diagnoses, pathophysiology, or epidemiology. For example:Acute myocardial infarction is a common cause of chest pain and shortness of breath in middle-aged and elderly patients. The classic presentation of myocardial infarction is chest pain, which is often described as pressure or tightness and may radiate to the left arm, jaw, or back. The diagnosis of myocardial infarction is based on clinical presentation, electrocardiogram findings, and cardiacbiomarker levels. The treatment of myocardial infarction includes reperfusion therapy, which can be achieved with either PCI or thrombolytic therapy. The prognosis of myocardial infarction depends on the extent and severity of the myocardial damage and the presence of comorbidities.Conclusion:Case reports are an important tool in medical research that provide valuable insights into the diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of patients with rare or unusual conditions. They can also highlight diagnostic challenges or successes and contribute to the development of new treatments or diagnostic criteria. Writing a case report requires careful attention to detail and adherence to a standardized format. By following the key components of a case report, researchers can effectively communicate their findings and contribute to the advancement of medical knowledge.。
case report写作顺序
case report写作顺序
Case Report写作顺序
Case Report是医学文献中常见的一种写作形式，其主要目的是通过报告真实世界中的病例，展示某种疾病的临床特征、诊断、治疗方法和结局。
Case Report的写作顺序一般包括以下几个步骤：
1. 引言：简要介绍该病例的基本信息，包括患者年龄、性别、症状、体征、临床诊断等。
2. 病例描述：详细描述该病例的临床表现，包括症状、体征、检查结果等。
3. 诊断方法：阐述该病例的诊断方法和依据。
4. 治疗方法：描述该病例的治疗方法和过程，包括药物治疗、手术治疗、放射治疗等。
5. 治疗结果：描述该病例的治疗结果，包括治愈、好转、无效等。
6. 结论：总结该病例的特点和教训，提出建议和展望。
在撰写Case Report时，需要注意以下几点：
1. 病例描述要详细，尽量客观、准确、完整。
2. 诊断方法和治疗方法的描述要具体，要有依据。
3. 结论要简明扼要，要有针对性。
4. 语言要简洁明了，尽量避免使用过于复杂的句子和词汇。
关于SCI杂志中Casereport（个案报告）的写作与投稿
关于SCI杂志中Casereport（个案报告）的写作与投稿不会做实验，流行病学也不懂，meta好像很难的样子，在魔都三甲医院快被逼疯了，好像case report是我的唯一出路了。
真的么？让我们来八一八case report那些真相。
case report字数少，工作量小，写起来简单，轻松。
因此倍受很多国内作者的青睐，但这只是一个看起来“简单”的事情，实际“不简单”。
主要原因有三：1、绝大多数杂志发表case report的标准是：该类case report 没有人报道过；该case report对本专业的知识有重大贡献。
前一个标准好确定，到PUBMED上查一下就知道了。
第二个标准比较主观，不好确定，什么是“重大贡献”，不同的editors可能有不同的标准，有时候是否能够被接受完全取决于editors当时的心情；2、杂志给case report版面远少于给researcharticle的版面。
绝大多数杂志给case report的版面很有限，每期就1-3个cases的版面。
更有甚者，有些杂志根本不接受case report，有些杂志说：由于已接受的case report太多，2年内发不完，故近2年不接受casereport投稿。
至于为什么杂志case report版面少于researcharticle，是因为case report不易被引用，影响杂志社的IF 值，杂志社也是要活的嘛。
3、向杂志投稿的case report量大，因为casereport字数少，工作量小，故大多数临床作者都愿意写，愿意投，故投稿量大。
因此，发表标准有些主观，发表版面很少，但投稿量又大，造成了发表case report实际上是一件看起来“简单”但实际上“不简单”的事情。
若要投稿casereport，我们有以下建议：1、查看是否有创新性，如新发现基因位点突变，比以往报道长的20年（尤其在一些老医院多有这些资料）的随访等等，如PUBMED 上查询，已经有人报道，就直接放弃。
case report 写作顺序 -回复
case report 写作顺序-回复1. 引言（Introduction）- 介绍案例背景和目的（200-300字）在引言中，作者首先应该提供一个简要的案例背景，描述患者的基本信息和相关症状。
此外，还应明确指出本次案例报告的目的，即要解决的问题或要提供的新见解。
2. 患者病史（Patient History）- 描述患者的医疗史和诊断过程（200-300字）在患者病史部分，作者应详细叙述患者就诊的时间、原因和医疗过程。
包括从患者首次就诊到最终的诊断和治疗方案的过程。
也可以包括一些重要的实验室检查结果和影像学报告。
3. 临床表现（Clinical Presentation）- 描述患者的症状和体征（200-300字）在这一部分，作者详细描述患者的临床表现，包括主诉、症状和体征。
可以根据时间顺序描述患者各个阶段的变化，并与相关文献进行对比分析。
4. 诊断过程（Diagnostic Process）- 描述患者的诊断过程和结果（200-300字）在这一部分，作者详细描述医生是如何通过不同的检查和实验室结果对患者进行诊断的。
还可以包括一些相关的影像学检查和生化检查结果。
最后，作者应明确指出最终的诊断结果。
5. 治疗过程（Treatment Process）- 描述患者的治疗过程和效果（200-300字）在治疗过程部分，作者详细描述患者接受的治疗方案以及治疗结果。
可以包括手术细节（如有），使用的药物和其他治疗方法。
同时，还应提供患者的疗效评估和随访结果。
6. 病因分析（Etiology Analysis）- 分析可能的病因和相关因素（200-300字）在这一部分，作者可以根据文献资料和自身观察，分析患者病因的可能性。
可以讨论各种可能性和其依据，并提供对每种可能性的评估和论证。
7. 讨论和结论（Discussion and Conclusion）- 对案例进行分析和总结（200-300字）在讨论和结论部分，作者可以根据已有的文献资料对患者的病情进行深入的分析和讨论。
case report 写作顺序 -回复
case report 写作顺序-回复中括号内的主题：Case Report写作顺序一. 引言（Introduction)在引言中，应该包括以下内容：1. 简要介绍研究背景和目的2. 引出研究中涉及的特定病例/患者3. 概述与病例相关的问题或挑战二. 疾病描述（Clinical Presentation)在这一部分，应该提供以下信息：1. 病例的基本信息，如年龄、性别和基本健康状况2. 患者的病情描述，包括主要症状、持续时间和程度3. 其他相关临床表现，如实验室检查和影像学结果三. 诊断过程（Diagnostic Workup)在这一部分，应该描述以下内容：1. 医生对患者进行的各种临床检查和实验室检查2. 各种诊断方法的结果和证据，包括影像学、实验室和生理学测试3. 与其他可能诊断进行鉴别的过程和依据四. 治疗方案（Management)在这一部分，应该包含以下信息：1. 研究中使用的治疗方法，如药物治疗、手术和其他非药物治疗2. 治疗的效果，包括患者的病情改善情况、副作用和并发症3. 如果有的话，与其他治疗方法进行比较的结果五. 结果（Outcome)在这一部分，应该描述以下内容：1. 患者的治疗结果，包括病情改善情况和复发率2. 对治疗效果的评估和效果的量化指标3. 如果有的话，与类似病例的比较结果六. 讨论（Discussion)在讨论部分，应该提供以下信息：1. 对病例的主要发现进行详细解释和分析2. 分析研究的局限性和可能的偏差3. 将研究结果与现有文献和临床实践进行比较4. 提出对进一步研究的建议七. 结论（Conclusion)在结论部分，应该总结研究结果的主要发现并提出对临床实践的意义八. 致谢（Acknowledgments)在致谢部分，应该感谢对本研究有重要贡献的人员、机构或资金来源九. 参考文献（References)在参考文献部分，应该列出所引用的文献，按照指定的引用格式排列这样一来，你的Case Report文章就有了清晰的结构和流程，并且每个部分都具有其独特的目的和要求。
案件报告（法律英语）（五篇模版）
案件报告（法律英语）（五篇模版）第一篇：案件报告(法律英语)The case report1、Facts of case：The claimants had entered into a shipbuilding contract with a Korean shipbuilder,who was a customer of the defendant bank.The claimants had to pay the shipbuilder in advance by instalments.Under the terms of the contracts the shipbuilder was required to repay these instalments in certain circumstances, including the insolvency of the shipbuilder prior to delivery of the ships.To guarantee repayment of the pre-delivery instalments the shipbuilder was required to provide the claimants with bonds issued by a reputable bank.The shipbuilder arranged for the defendant bank to issue the bonds.Before finishing the ships it ran into financial difficulties and entered an insolvency procedure under Korean law.The claimants requested refunds of the payments made by them, as they were contractually entitled to.When payment was not forthcoming they called on the bank pursuant to the bonds.The bank refused to pay, arguing that the wording of the bonds did not cover the shipbuilder‟s insolvency.The claimants disagreed and sued.Then, the bank‟s argument succeed in the Court of Appeal, after that the claimants appealed successfully to the Supreme Court.“In this case, the facts are from para.1 to para.6.”2、Legal issues：The resolution of the issue between the parties depends upon the true construction of para.3.The issue between the claimants and shipbuilder in this appeal is the role to be played by considerations of business common sense in determiningwhat the parties meant.“In this case, the legal issues are from para.15.”3、Arguments of both paties：The dispute centred on the meaning of the words “all such sums” in paragraph [3] of the bo nds.The bank argued that the phrase referred back to the pre-delivery instalments listed in paragraph [2], which crucially omitted insolvency of the shipbuilder.Whereas the claimants said that it referred to the “pre-delivery instalments” in the first line of paragraph [3].They said that the purpose of the bonds was to guarantee the refund of the pre-delivery instalments in all circumstances, including the insolvency of the shipbuilder.Neither of these interpretation was free from difficulty.The bank‟s interpretation was, arguably, commercially implausible, whereas on the claimants‟interpretation the whole of paragraph [2] could be said to be redundant.“In this case, the arguments of both parties are from para.9.”4、The decisions and comments made by the judge：Simon J:Simon J preferred the claimants‟s interpretation.He held that para.[3] of the bonds determined the substance of the parties‟rights and that the phrase“all such sums” related to the wider reference to pre-delivery instalments earlier in that paragraph, rather than to paragraph 2, which he treated as a mere preamble.He placed great weight on the fact that the bank‟s interpretation would effectively deprive the claimants of the benefit of the bonds in the very circumstances in which they were most likely to require it, i.e.the insolvency of the shipbuilder.This he regard as uncommercial.(para.4)Patten LJ(with whom Thorpe LJ agreed):By a majority the Court of Appeal reversed Simon J‟s decision.Patten LJ(with whom Thorpe LJ agreed)could not accept that para.2 served no useful purpose.He considered that its obvious purpose was to give the addressee of the bond a clear statement of the builder‟s obligations under the contract to be covered by the guarantee, which was consistent with the shipbuilder‟s obligations under the contracts to provide the bonds.In his view the bank‟s interpretation was clearly to be preferred.Patten LJ took a much more restrictive view of the circumstances in which a court could confidently declare that one or other possible meaning of words used in a contract was uncommercial.He conclued that it was impermissible for the court to speculate as to the reasons for omitting refunds in the event of insolvency from the bond.Although it might have been desirable for the bonds to have covered such refunds, this was not sufficient to justify a departure from what would otherwise be the natural and obvious construction of the bonds.This was not a case in which the construction contended for would produce an absurd or irrational result.There was real danger, in saying that no credible commercial reason had been advanced for the limited scope of the bond, of substituting the court‟s view of the commerciality of the transaction for that of those who were actually party to it.(para.17 and para.18)Sir Simon Tuckey:The third judge in the Court of Appeal, Sir Simon Tuckey, dissented.He accepted that a court should proceed with caution before concluding that a particular term in a contract was …uncommercial‟.However, he considered that the trial judge(who was an experienced commercial judge)had been right to reach this conclusion.He said taht it defied commercial common senseto think that the parties intended that the obligation to refund the pre-delivery payments in the event of the shipbuilder‟s insolvency, alone amongst all other such obligations under the contracts, should not be secured.(para.30)Lord Clarke(with whom Lord Phillips, Lord Mance,Lord Keer and Lord Wilson agree):The claimants appealed successfully to the Supureme Court.Lord Clarke gave the Court‟s(admirably clear and concise)unanimous judgement.The parties in Rainy Sky agreed with the basic approach to construction as set out in ICS,i.e.that the ultimate aim of interpreting a contractual provision is to determine what the parties meant by the language used.Where they differed was in the role played by considerations of business common sense in determining the meaning that the bonds‟wording would convey to a reasonable person.Lord Clarke disagreed with the Patten LJ‟s approach, stating at paragraph 21.This view of the role of business common sense in the interpretation of contracts was supported by a considerable body of case law.In particular, he expressly approved Longmore LJ‟s dicyum in Barclays Bank plc v HHY Luxembourg SARL(para.29[26])On the facts, Lord Clarke did not agree that the construction advanced by the bank was the natural and ordinary meaning of the bonds.In this view the competing arguments were much more finely balanced.Since the words “any such sums” in para.3 were capable of two meanings, the court was entitled to have regard to considerations of commercial common sense in resolving the question what a reasonable person would have understood the parties to have meant(para.40).Lord Clarke was in no doubt that commercial common sense favoured theinterpretation advanced by the claimants, essentially for the reasons given by the trial judge and Sir Simon Tuckey in the Court of Appeal.Indeed, Lord Clarke indicated that, had it been necessary, he would have been prepared to say that omitting the shipbuilder‟s obligation to make repayments in the event of insolvency from the bonds would flout common sense(para.45).He appears to have attached significant weight to the fact that the bank had not advanced any credible commercial reasons for the limited scope of the bonds(para.44).5、My comments：From a practical point of view, Rainy Sky underlines the paramount need to avoid ambiguity in the drafting of commercial contracts.In particular, Sir Simon Tuckey‟s judgment in the Court of Appeal offers a valuable lesson: he made the point that, had the parties intended the surprising result that repayments on insolvency should be omitted from the bonds, they would have spelt this out clearly.Those drafting commercial contracts should bear in mind that any judge looking at the fruit of their labours in the future will not have the benefit of knowing what passed between the parties during their negotiations.Consequently, if anything even vaguely unusual has been agreed that might, in the abstract, strike d third party as uncommercial, extra care needs to be taken to ensure that it is spelt out clearly in the contract.The number of the words : 1359 孙英妮，经济法学201330910058第二篇：法律案件浅析我关注的法律案件及感想他们是幸运的，也是不幸的。
如何撰写和发表病例报告
如何撰写和发表病例报告病例报告（case report）是对一例或数例病案诊断处理的描述和分析，在医学刊物上发表的病例报告实际上是开始从事医学写作的最好的方法之一、病例报告可以为未来的患者诊治提供一丝线索，能从临床上帮到医生很多。
作为一种记录临床观察的方法之一，病例报告能及时提供有价值的信息，特别是关于罕见疾病的信息。
它们向医务专业人员展示了同行在类似情况下是如何行动的，从而通过分享最佳做法来帮助决策过程。
它们不仅对知识库做出了重大贡献，而且还有助于为研究人员自己的出版履历加分。
然而，写出一个好的病例报告需要的不仅仅是一个吸引人的病例。
病例报告的撰写，首先要做好题目的选择，肯定要选择与自己专业有关的临床工作，并能提出你认为是很感兴趣的，在概念上、临床上以及理论上存在的棘手问题。
那么，病例报告应该怎么写呢？今天和大家分享一些撰写和发表具有高影响力的病例报告的技巧。
如何撰写临床病例报告？万变不离其宗。
病例报告一般包括四大部分：摘要、前言、病例介绍、讨论。
DO应该这么做1.把案例报道当做故事来讲写病例报告的最好方法是讲故事。
可以按时间顺序排列事件，具体说明你的诊断考虑因素，阐明你的临床决策过程的论据，让你的读者可以跟随病例的每一个发展，并了解为什么你在治疗期间进行了特定的测试或作出一些决定的原因。
2.注意细节清楚描述导致鉴别诊断的相关症状和体征，无论是正面的还是负面的信息，以便为读者提供你做出决定的背景。
你也可以在你的病例报告中写出包括血液检测结果的实际值、处方药的详细剂量或其他应根据情况结果考虑的变量。
3.关联的情况下尽量使用图片俗话说得好，一张图片胜过千言万语，尤其是对于能够通过图像清晰有效地说明检查结果的病例报告而言。
但是，如果没有正当理由，请避免使用图片-只有当他们具备关联时才这样做。
例如，一个新鉴定的致病微生物的宏观和微观图像是必不可少的，而你在文中其他地方已经清楚地解释了模型的图片可能是过度的。