托福词汇之“deadlock僵局”
托福词以类记word整理版
珊瑚等）
herbivore ['h ?:?:, 'h ?:b?.v?:]
食草动物\
mammal
哺乳动物'、
homotherm
恒温动物、\、
cold-blooded ani mal
冷血动物\
poikilotherm
变温动物\
scave nger
食腐动物
carni vorous
食肉的
creature
，生物
scales
鳞
feathers
羽毛
armor
、甲
spi nal cord/
脊椎
digestive system
消化系统
excretory system
排泄系统\
reproductive system
生殖系统\
circulatory system
循环系统\
respiratory system
肝/
gallbladder'、
胆/
pan creas\
胰/
水生动物\/
jelly fish
水母
n ettlefish
海蜇
coral
'珊瑚
dolphi n/
海豚
whale/
鲸鱼\
shrimp
小虾\
praw n
对虾\
lobster
龙虾\
crab
螃蟹'\
mussel
贻贝；蚌类
clam
蛤蜊
oyster
牡蛎
sponge
蟑螂\
earthworm
蚯蚓\
antenna/ten tacle
托福考试阅读词汇附中英文注释(二)(4)
托福考试阅读词汇附中英文注释(二)(4)rigidity--- An instance of being rigid僵化，严厉=stiffnessrevise--- To reconsider and change or modify修改，修正=changeretrieve--- To get back; regain.重获；收复；=recover, To get back; regain.重获；收复；重新得到=bring backTo rectify the unfavorable consequences of; remedy. See: recoverrestrict--- To keep or confine within limits限制=limitretain--- To maintain possession of保持=keeprepresentation--- The state or condition of serving as an official delegate, agent, or spokesperson代表=delegate, stand forresemble--- To exhibit similarity or likeness to类似=similarrenounce--- To reject; disown拒绝=reject To refuse to accept, submit to, believe, or make use of拒绝replace-- To take or fill the place of取代=supplant To displace and substitute for (another)取代，代替(另一个)release--- To free from something that binds, fastens, or holds back; let go松开=give offrefreshing--- Pleasantly fresh and different新鲜宜人的，与众不同的=unusual reflection--- A manifestation or result显示，结果=indicate To suggest or demonstrate the necessity, expedience, or advisability of说明，显示，暗示receptacle--- A container that holds items or matter贮藏器=containerrecognize--- To show awareness of; approve of or appreciate赏识=appreciate rarefy--- To make thin, less compact, or less dense使稀薄=infrequentrear--- To lift upright; raise直立起；抬高=raiseradical--- Departing markedly from the usual or customary; extreme极端的=drastic Severe or radical in nature; extreme严厉或剧烈的；极端的symmetrical--- Of or exhibiting symmetry对称的=proportionally balanced synthetic--- Produced by synthesis, especially not of natural origin.合成的=formation, integrateNot natural or genuine; artificial or contrived人造的，不自然的=artificial【。
《张洪岩托福词汇精选》（3）
crevice n 裂缝，破⼝（rift，slit）crooked adj 扭曲的，狡诈的（bent，twisted）crucial adj 严重的，极重要的（decisive，critical）crumble v 粉碎，崩溃（collapse，crash）crude adj 未提炼的，⽣的（raw，unpolished）crumple vt 压皱（rumple，wrinkle）crush vt 榨，挤，压碎（crunch）crust n 〔地〕地壳，硬外⽪（shell）cryptic adj 神秘的，隐藏的（mysterious）cuisine n 烹调culpable adj 该受谴责的calamity n 不幸之事，灾难（catastrophe）calculate vt 计算caliber n 直径，品质（capacity，faculty，talent，ability）captivity n 囚禁cult n 崇拜，崇拜者curb v 抑制（check，control）curiosity n 好奇⼼cursory adj 仓促的（hurried）curt adj 简短的，草率的carnage n *，残杀（massacre，slaughter）carnal adj ⾁体的（corporeal）castigate vt 谴责（condemn，denounce）cataclysm n 洪⽔，⼤灾难catching adj 迷⼈的，传染的（charming，contagious，infectious）categorical adj 绝对的，⽆条件的（definite，positive，absolute，unconditional）cathedral n 教堂（church，chapel）catholic adj 普遍的（universal）caustic adj 刻薄的，腐蚀性的（abrasive，corrosive）cavern n ⼤⼭洞，⼤洞⽳ceaseless adj 不停的（incessant，endless）celebrity n 名⼈（person of note）celestial adj 天的（astronomical，heavenly）censor v 检查，n 检查员censure n vt 责难（disapproval）ceremonial n adj 仪式，正式的ceremonious adj 隆重的，正式的，恭敬的（formal，solemn）chafe vt 擦热，烦扰（rub，scrape，irritate）chaos n 混乱（disorder）charisma n 魅⼒，感召⼒chary adj 谨慎的（cautious）chaste adj 贞洁的，纯正的（pure，virtuous）chide v 斥责（blame，rebuke）chirp vt 喳喳（⾍和鸟叫声）choke vt 使窒息（suffocate，block）n窒息chop vt 砍 n 排⾻（cut，hew）chore n 零⼯，杂务chronological adj 按年代顺序的chuckle n vt 咯咯地笑cipher n 暗号，密码（code）circuitous adj 迂回的（indirect，round－about）circumference n 圆周circumscribe vt 划清界限，限制（encompass，encircle）circumspect adj 慎重的，⼩⼼的（prudent，cautious）circumvent vt 欺诈，以计胜过clandestine adj 秘密的（secret，covert）cleanse vt 使清洁（clean，purify）cleft n 裂缝（crevice）clog vt 阻碍（block，jam）clot n v 凝块（gelatinize，congeal）clumsy adj 笨拙的，愚笨的（awkward）coax vt 哄，耐⼼调理coddle vt 娇养，溺爱cogent adj 有说服⼒的，强有⼒的（convincing，compelling）collateral n 抵押品coincide vi 相符合，相巧合colloquial adj 会话的，⼝语的colossal adj 巨⼤的（immense，huge）comet n 彗星commentator n 注释者commodious adj 宽敞的（spacious，capacious，roomy）comparative adj ⽐较的compatible adj 兼容的complaint n 抱怨，怨⾔ vt 控告compliment n 问候，vt 赞美，祝贺（praise，commendation）composed adj 沉着的（disimpassioned）composure n 镇静（calmness，self－control）comprise vt 包括（contain）compulsive adj 强迫的（irresistible，obsessive obsessed，irrational）concerted adj 协定的，协调的（unisonous）concession n 让步，迁就（compromise，bargain）conciliatory adj 善于调解的（reconciling）conclusive adj 决定性的，最后的（decisive，definitive，final）concoct vt 编造，虚构（devise，invent）concrete adj 具体的，n ⽔泥concur vi 同意，同时发⽣condiment n 调味品condone vt 宽恕，赦免（forgive，pardon）cone n 圆锥confide vt 倾诉（confess，disclose）confiscate vt 没收，充公（seize）confound vt 使糊涂，迷惑（confuse，puzzle）congenial adj 意⽓相投的（compatible，agreeable，pleasant，pleasing）congested adj 拥挤的（overcrowded）congregate vt 聚集（assemble，gather）congressman n 国会议员congruity n ⼀致，协调conjure vt 恳求（beseech，pray）connive vi 纵容，默许connoisseur n 鉴赏家，⾏家conscientious adj 尽职的，正直的（diligent）consecrate vt 奉为神圣，奉献（dedicate，devote）conservatory n 温室，⾳乐学校（greenhouse）consort vt 结交（associate，connect）conspicuous adj 引⼈注⽬的（noticeable）conspire vt 阴谋，密谋（intrigue，plot）constellation n 星座constrain vt 强迫（compel）constrict vt vi 收紧，压缩（reduce，compress）construe vt 解释，翻译（expound，translate，interpret））contagious adj 传染的（catching，infectious）contaminate vt 污染（defile，pollute）contemn vt 蔑视（disdain，scorn）contemptible adj 可鄙的（mean，despicable）content adj 满⾜的（satisfied，complacent）content n 内容（matter）contingent adj 可能发⽣的（accidental，unforeseen）contour n 轮廓，海岸线（outline，profile）contract n 契约（agreement）v收缩，感染（shrink，reduce，infect）contravene vt 反对，违反（contradict，oppose）contrite adj 悔悟的（repentant，remorseful）contrive vt 发明，设法（invent，plan）controversial adj 引起争论的controvert vt 反驳，辩论（deny，contradict）convene vt 集合（assemble，gather）convict vi 判罪，证明（penalize，prove）convoy vt 护送（accompany，escort）coordinate adj 并列的，同等的（equal，juxtaposed）corroborate vt 确证（confirm，substantiate）corrode vt vi 损害（erode，eat away）cosmopolitan adj 全世界的（global）counsel n 商议，忠告，律师v 劝告（advise）corpulent adj 肥胖的corps n 军团，兵团cordial adj 真诚的，诚恳的（friendly，warm friendly，sincerely pleasant）crafty adj 灵巧的，巧妙的（cunning，sneaky）crave vt 渴求（desire，yearn）credential n 凭证（reference，certificate）credulous adj 轻信的creed n 信仰，信条（belief，faith）covetous adj 贪⼼的（desirous，avaricious）cram vt 填塞，仓促⽤功crash vt 撞碎（crumble，shatter）。
托福词句整理大汇总
H unting and the Setting of Inner EurasiaWords & Phrases1.Inner Eurasia：内部的欧亚大陆Eurasia=Europe+Asia2.refer to：指的是3.systematic colonization of parts of Inner Eurasia：内部欧亚大陆部分地区的系统性的人类移民定居colonization：指移民定居=settlement4.The long, cold, arid winters of this region’s steppes (grass covered plains)posed two distinctive problems for human settlers.Arid：adj. 干旱的Semiarid：adj. 半干旱的Posed two distinctive problems: 构成两个不同的难题Pose：v. 提出，造成(威胁、问题)=presentDistinctive：adj. 与众不同的，独特的5.Presumably their ability to scavenge animal carcasses meant that they coulduse skins or furs for warmth.Presumably：adv. 据推测地Presume=assume：v. 推测Scavenge：捡破烂;拾荒;(从废弃物中)觅食，寻找 If people or animals scavenge for things, they collect them by searching among waste or unwanted objects.Carcass: n. 动物的尸体残骸A carcass is the body of a dead animal6.However, there are no signs of hearths before about 200,000 years ago.Hearth：n. 灶台，火炉7.This suggests that humans used fire opportunistically and had not yetdomesticated it enough to survive the harsh winters of Ice Age Inner Eurasia.Domesticate：v. 驯养，驯服Dome：n. 圆屋顶区别：dominate：v. 统治，主导Harsh winters：严酷的冬天8.trickier problem：棘手的问题，难以解决的问题9.Humans could not exploit the abundant grasses of the steppes, and most ofthe edible plants died off in winter.Exploit：v. 开发利用=utilize=make use ofSteppe: 干草原The edible plants: 可食的植物10.Animals, unlike plants, can evade predators and may even fight back.Evade predators：躲避捕猎者衍生：inevitable：adj. 不可躲避的，不可避免的=unavoidable11.hunting gear: 打猎装备12.the choice of companions：伙伴的选择13.the maintenance of communications with neighbors：与邻居交流联系的维持14.fatal：adj. 致命的=deadly15.clarify group identity：表明群体身份16.Internally, groups may split for long periods as hunting parties travelling overgreat distances.Internally：adv. 从内在来看Split：v. 分裂17.All in all, each group has to exist and survive in several distinct configurations.Configuration：n.安排;格局;布局 A configuration is an arrangement of a group of thingsSyntax1.According to the formulation of archaeologist Lewis Binford, in atypical hunter/collector food-gatheringleave camps with very specific goals inknowledge of their intended prey.Formulation：n.(政策、计划等的)制定，构想 The formulation of something such as a policy or plan is the process of creating or inventing it.Intimate: adj.深刻的;详尽的;精通的 An intimate knowledge of something is a deep and detailed knowledge of it2.They may by away for days or weeks at a time and will often storetheir kill at specific storage sites, from which they will bring food back to a base camp when needed.3.As a result, they move their base camps less often than in foragersocieties, but they range more widely, their movements are more carefully planned, and so are their methods of storage.Base camp: 基地，相对于summer camp等季节性营地Forager：n. 搜寻草料觅食者Range：v. 搜索，延伸4.They need reliable information about the movements and habits ofanimal prey over large areas, which can be secured only by maintaining regular contacts with neighboring groups.5.Finally, they need reliable methods of storage because, where plantfoods cannot provide a dietary safety net, planning has to be precise and detailed to ensure that there is enough to tide them over in periods of shortage.Precise：adj. 精准的=exactTide over: 渡过难关tide: n. 海浪；v. 顺应潮水航行6.The regular exchange of information and sometimes of materialgoods is critical not only within groups, but also between groups scattered over large distances.Critical：adj. 重要的7.For these reasons, archaeologist Clive Gamble has argued that thedifficulties of settling the Eurasian heartland arose less from thethe social and organizational features ofHuman community=human society 人类社会8.Nor is there any physical evidence for storage, raw materials allcome from within a radius of 50 kilometers—and usually less than 5 kilometers—of the sites where they were used.physical evidence：有形的证据=concrete evidenceraw materials：原材料Abstract →Concrete1.The long, cold, arid winters of this region’s steppes (grass coveredplains) poised two distinctive problems for human settlers.2.Systematic and reliable hunting methodsdevelopment of new technologies, they also demanded new social structures.3.Hunting strategies also imply greater social complexity.Written RecordsWords & Phrases1.appropriate texts: 恰当的文本记录appropriate：adj. Something that is appropriate is suitable or acceptable for a particular situation.2.Many of the early excavations of the great sites of the Near Easthad the recovery of clay writing tablets as the main goal.Excavation: n. 挖掘=unearthingRecovery：n. 收回；取回；失而复得 You talk about the recovery of something when you get it back after it has been lost or stolen clay writing tablets: 粘土写字板3.it is mainly official decrees inscribed on marble that have survivedofficial decrees inscribed on marble: 刻在大理石上的官方法令decree：n. A decree is an official order or decision, especially one made by the ruler of a countryinscribe: v. 刻;雕 If you inscribe words on an object, you write or carve the words on the objectmarble: n. 大理石4.We can now also begin to deduce the likely territories belonging toindividual Maya centers.Deduce：v. 推断Territory：n. 领土5.But one should not accept them uncritically at face value.Uncritically：adv. 不加批评地，不加鉴别地区别于：critical：最常见的意思是“重要的”，也有“批判的”意思crucial：只有“重要的”意思at face value: 按照表面意思;(对…)信以为真 If you take something at face value, you accept it and believe it without thinking about it very much, even though it might be untrue6.historians tend to think of a king as the leader of a state societytend to: 倾向于think of…as: 把…看作为= see …as = view…as= regard…asstate society: 国家社会，区别于以往未形成国家的社会7. a full state society did not emergeemerge：v. 出现emergence：n. 出现emergency：n. 紧急事件的出现，急诊反义词：immerse：v. 浸没，陷入Syntax：1.Major finds of this kind are still being made—for example, at theancient city of Ebla (Tell Mardikh) in Syria, where an archive of 5,000 clay tablets written in an early dialect of Akkadian (Babylonian) was discovered in the 1970s.Archive: n. 档案;史料;记录;档案馆 The archive or archives are a collection of documents and records that contain historical information. You can also use archives to refer to the place wherearchives are storedDialect：n. 方言Babylonian：n. 巴比伦人（了解即可）2.For instance, the clay tablets of Mycenaean Greece, dating fromaround all, without exception, primarily records of commercial (goods coming in or going out) at the (插入语割裂，逗号前后要连起来读)Transaction：n. (一笔)交易;业务 A transaction is a piece of business, for example an act of buying or selling something8.This discovery gives us many aspects of theMycenaean economy craft organization (through the names for the different kinds of craftspeople, as well as introducing the names of the offices of state).（并列对象的确定）Aspect：n. 方面spect：词根，看的意思，a + spect=八面玲珑中的一面，方面prospect：向前看，所以是“n.前景，前途，预期”的意思inspect：向里看，所以是“v.检查”的意思retrospect：向回看，所以是“n./v. 回顾回想”的意思a glimpse into：一瞥，看一眼glimpse：n./v. 一瞥，一看craft organization: 工艺组织craft：n.手艺;工艺 A craft is an activity such as weaving, carving, or pottery that involves making things skilfully with your handscraftman=artisan 手工艺人，工匠9.It could be that the Mycenaeans wrote on clay only for theircommercial records and used other perishable materials for literary or historical texts now lost to us.（记住介词的基本意思，to = toward表朝向）Lost to us：朝向我们来说是失去的，即我们无法得到指前面的historical texts现在lost to usPerishable：adj. 易腐烂的；易腐败的；易毁灭的10.Fragile rolls of papyrus—the predecessor of modern paper—withliterary texts on them, have usually remained intact only when retained in the dry air of Egypt, or when buried beneath the volcanic ash covering Pompeii（记住介词的基本意思，with 表伴随）Fragile rolls of papyrus：脆弱的莎草纸卷轴Predecessor：n. 前身remained intact：仍然完好无损intact：adj. 完整无缺的，未受破坏的 Something that is intact is complete and has not been damaged or changed 考过词汇题=wholeretained in the dry air：被保留在干燥空气中retain：v. 保留buried beneath the volcanic ash：被埋在火山灰下11.Coins also provide a valuable source of written records: they canreveal information about the location where they are found, which can provide evidence about trade practices there, and their inscriptions can be informative about the issuing authority, whether they were city-states (as in ancient Greece) or sole rulers (as in Imperial Rome or in the kingdoms of medieval Europe).（1）逗号之后的which，修饰指代对象的确定，此时的which可以指代前面整句话（2）and并列对象/级别的确定trade practices：贸易行为inscriptions：n. 碑文，题刻informative：adj. 提供信息的issuing authority：发行当局city-states：城邦国家（多个城市联邦国家）sole rulers：单一统治者medieval Europe：中世纪的欧洲12.It had been widely assumed that the inscriptions were exclusively ofa calendrical nature or that they dealt with purely religious matters,notably the deeds of the gods.Be+prep.Or that并列对象的确定：与前面的that并列widely assumed：被广泛推测认为exclusively of a calendrical nature：只属于一种历法的属性/性质deal with：处理，涉及deal的过去式是dealtnotably：adv. 尤其地，显著地deeds of the gods：神的行为13.Therefore, when the earliest records for Anglo-Saxon England, foundin the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, which took final shape in about A.D.以逗号隔开引入的插入语Which修饰对象的确定看到谓语想主语，主语在很遥远的前方Took final shape: 最终成型Refer to：提及，指的是Abstract →Concrete1.Paragraph 2 In each early literate society, writing had its ownfunction and purpose.段首主题句中的抽象概念往后找具体对应Literate society：识字社会，有读写能力的社会2.But here, as in other cases, accidents of preservation may beimportant.3.Maya history has thus taken on a new dimension.段尾总结句中的抽象概念往前找对应Take on a new dimension: 呈现出一个新的维度Take on：呈现Dimension：n. 维度，角度，方面 A particular dimension of something is a particular aspect of it3D= 3 dimension 三维3-dimension film ：3D电影4.Nor should one forget the bias introduced by the accidents ofpreservation and the particular uses of literacy in a society.理解标黄单词抽象意义的具体指代Bias：n. 偏见，误解Literacy：n. 文字5.The great risk with historical records is that they can impose theirown perspective so that they begin not only to supply the answers to our questions but subtly to determine the nature of those questions and even our concepts and terminology.理解标黄单词抽象意义的具体指代Impose their own perspective：施加他们自己的观点Perspective：n. 看问题的角度，观点So that：conj. 结果Subtly：adv. 微妙地The nature of those questions: 问题得性质Concept：n. 概念，理解=understanding，ideaTerminology：n. 专门术语，概念来自term概念的意思Temperature Regulation in Marine OrganismsWords & Phrases1.Most birds have a body temperature of about 40℃, whereas thetemperature of most marine mammals is about 38℃.Whereas：conj. 表比较=while2.All subtidal marine invertebrates and most fishes fit into thiscategory.Subtidal marine invertebrates：下潮区的海洋无脊椎动物衍生：intertidal：adj. 潮间区的，即处在涨潮海水覆盖和落潮陆地暴露之间的区域；而subtidal永远处在潮下面的区域，来自词根sub，下面的意思，如subwayVertebrate：脊椎动物Fit into: 适合3.Their rise in temperature above ambient conditions stems frommetabolic heat generated by muscular activity (swimming) combined with a heat retention mechanism.Ambient condition：周边的状况Stem from：来自=arise from=come fromMetabolic heat：新陈代谢的热量Metabolism：n. 新陈代谢Combine with：与…结合A heat retention mechanism: 一个热量保留机制Retention：n. 保留 The retention of something is the keeping of it Retain：v. 保留反义词：drain：v. 流失Brain drain：人才流失，智囊流失Mechanism：n. 原理，机制；方法4.sustained activity：持续进行的活动sustained=continueding both evaporation and circulation of body fluids to avoid beingheated at low tide by the Sunevaporation and circulation of body fluids：体液的蒸发和循环evaporation：n. 蒸发vapor：n. 水蒸气区别：transpiration：n. (植物的)蒸腾作用Body fluids：体液6.absorb and lose heat directly to the air：直接朝向空气吸热和失热absorb：v. 吸收to=toward，表朝向7.variation in color can reflect differences in adaptation to thecapture of solar energy at different latitudesvariation in color：色彩差异reflect：v. 反映；反射adaptation to：朝向…的适应性capture of solar energy：太阳能量的捕获latitudes：n. 纬度区别：longitude：经度altitude：海拔高度8.direct conduct of heat from the skin to the contacting colder waterdirect conduct of heat：热的直接传导conduct：n. 传导；行为举止contacting colder water：接触的冷水9.circulatory system：循环系统10.heat loss from the body surface also occurs as warm interior blood istransferred and moves into contact with the periphery of the body warm interior blood：温暖的内部血液interior：adj. 内部的exterior：adj. 外部的transferred：v.转移，转学区别：transform：v. 变形，转变；transport：v. 运输contact：n. 接触periphery: 边缘；周围；外围 If something is on the periphery of an area, place, or thing, it is on the edge of it11.Their bodies also radiate heat, usually in the infrared part of thespectrum.radiate heat: 辐射热量infrared：n. 远红外线spectrum：n. 谱线，光谱12.as animals exhale, the resulting evaporation of water involves aconsiderable loss of heatexhale：v. 出气，呼出气反义：inhale：v. 吸气Considerable：adj. 极大量的=substantial=significant=a large number of13.A series of interlocking contour feathers encloses a thick layer ofdown feathers that traps stationary air, which in turn acts as an insulating layer.interlocking contour feathers：相互交联的轮廓线羽毛contour: n. 轮廓;外形 You can refer to the general shape or outline of an object as itscontoursenclose: v. 包围;围住;封闭 If a place or object is enclosed bysomething, the place or object is inside that thing or completely surrounded by itdown feathers: 绒毛，down jacket：羽绒服stationary：adj. 静止不动的=motionless=stillin turn：反过来acts as：起…作用，扮演…insulating layer: 隔热层14.subcutaneous fat：皮下脂肪subcutaneous：adj. 皮下的（了解即可）15.constantly preen and fluff up a relatively thick layer of furpreen：v. 用嘴整理羽毛When birds preen their feathers, they clean them and arrange them neatly using their beaksfluff up：打松，使变得松软fluff：n. 绒毛，软毛；v. 使变松relatively：adv. 相对地，相比较而言地=comparatively16.terrestrial (land) animals：陆地动物terrestrial：adj. 陆地的---反义aquatic：水生的terrestrial：adj. 地球的—反义extraterrestrial：地外的，eg. extraterrestrial life: 地外生命17.the limbs are the principal sources of heat losslimb：n. 四肢18.warm arterial blood must be supplied to limbsarterial blood：动脉血arterial：adj. 动脉的artery：n. 动脉，也可引申为交通/贸易大动脉eg. trade arteryvein：n. 静脉19.Heat loss in porpoises is minimized by a countercurrent heatexchangerPorpoise: n. 小海豚（了解即可）Minimize：v. 最小化----反义maximize：v. 最大化Minimum：n. 最小值；maximum：n. 最大值countercurrent heat exchanger：对流热交换器countercurrent：n. 逆流，对流counter：v. 对抗= resist（考过词汇题）counterargument：n. 对立观点counterexample：n. 反面例子20.This spatial relationship of circulatory vessels minimizes heat loss tothe flipper and thence to the water.spatial relationship：空间关系spatial来自spacecirculatory vessels：循环血管vessel：n. 有很多意思，此处是血管的意思，还有“器皿，船只”的意思，都是承载物flipper：n. 脚蹼thence=then 然后21.anatomical details：解剖细节anatomical: adj. 解剖的anatomy：n. 解剖，本质上指的是内部的身体构造，要理解到这个层面上来，例如下句：fishes have a circulatory anatomy based on the same overall design overall：adj. 整体的=general22.Arteries and veins in the near-surface musculature are in contact,and in arteries and veins, respectively, blood flows in opposite directionsMusculature：n. 肌肉组织（了解即可），来自muscle肌肉，这个必须知道in contact：处在接触中respectively：adv. 分别地，各自地=separately（考过词汇题）opposite directions：相反的方向opposite：adj. 相反的oppose：v. 反对opponent：n. 反对者—反义词，支持者：proponent，advocate，supporter，这些都得记下来，很常见Syntax：1.Homeotherms are organisms that regulate body temperature to aconstant level, usually above that of the ambient (surrounding) environment.比较关系中重复概念用that替代，读者须知that的替代对象，本句中that=temperatureHomeotherms：n. 恒温动物（了解即可）therm：词根，热的意思，eg. geothermal：地热的constant：adj. 稳定不变的= steady2.Poikilotherms are organisms whose body temperature conforms tothat of the ambient environment.比较关系中重复概念被that替代Poikilotherms：n. 变温动物（了解即可）Conform to：符合，遵从 If someone or something conforms to a pattern or type, they are very similar to itAmbient：adj. 周围的，周边的3.There is an interesting intermediate status in which bodytemperature is usually somewhat higher than ambient temperature.介词+which，which指介词前面的名词，对该名词做修饰展开intermediate status：居间状态intermediate：adj. 居间的，中间的ambient temperature：周边的温度4.The arteries are surrounded by veins, within which blood is returningto the core of the animal.介词+which，which指介词前面的名词，对该名词做修饰展开Artery：n. 动脉Vein：n. 静脉Core：n. 中心；地核Core of the animal: 动物的身体中心Abstract →Concrete1.The first line of defense against heat loss is a well-insulated bodysurface.Well-insulated: adj. 绝缘的，隔热的Understanding Ancient Mesoamerican ArtWords & Phrases18.the ruins of ancient Mesoamerica：古代中美洲的废墟19.unearthed civilizations increasingly remote in age：出土（年龄上越来越久远的）文明unearth：v. 挖掘，出土20.an earlier stratum of antiquity：一个更早的古代岩层Stratum: 岩层扩展：Stratification: (尤指社会的)分层，形成阶层 Stratification is the division of something, especially society, into different classes or layers21.came upon Maya cities in the jungle：偶然遇到密林里的玛雅城市Come upon：偶然碰到(或发现) If you come upon someone or something, you meet them or find them by chance.22.workers installing sound and light equipment：安装音响和光照设备的工人23.stumbled upon a remarkable cave：偶然发现一个极大的洞穴Stumble：v. 跌跌撞撞走，结巴说stumble upon：偶然发现24.a royal burial chamber：一个皇室的埋葬密室royal：adj. 皇室的25.the excavation of pyramids：金字塔的挖掘26.outlying structures rather than principal buildings：外围结构而非主要建筑物Outlying：adj. 偏僻的；边远的；远离城市的 Outlying places are far away from the main cities of a country27.initiated the excavations there: 引发了那个地方的考古挖掘initiate= start= trigger 引发，开始excavate = unearth v.挖掘28.unravel the pre-Columbian past：解开(哥伦布发现美洲大陆之前的)过去unravel: v. 解开绳套或谜团pre-Columbian：adj. 哥伦布发现美洲大陆之前的29.turned this process around：将该过程反转turn around = reverse 反转30.to articulate their identity in the twenty-first century：去清晰地表达他们在21世纪的身份articulate：v. 清晰表达Syntax9.It now scarcely seems possible that the frontiers of earlyMesoamerican civilization can be pushed back any further, although new work—such as in Oaxaca, southern Mexico—will continue to fill in details of the picture.10.In 1971 workers installing sound and light equipment under thePyramid of the Sun at Teotihuacan stumbled upon a remarkable cave that has since been interpreted by some scholars as a royal burial chamber.11.Archaeology has its own fashions too: the isolation of new sites maybe the prime goal in one decade and the excavation of pyramids the focus in the next.12.At one point, reconstruction of pyramids to attract tourism may bedesired; at another, archaeologists may be precluded from working at what has already become a tourist attraction.Preclude：v. 排除在外，阻止=prevent13.A Franciscan friar (member of the Roman Catholic religious order),Sahagún recorded for posterity many aspects of pre-Hispanic life in his encyclopedia of twelve books, including history, ideology, and cosmogony (theories of the origin of the universe), as well as detailed information on the materials and methods of the skilled native craft workers.Catholic：adj. 天主教的Posterity：n. 后代=offspring=descendantPost-：后缀，意为后面，post-war：战后的Encyclopedia：n. 百科全书Ideology：意识形态;思想体系;思想方式 An ideology is a set of beliefs, especially the political beliefs on which people, parties, or countries base their actionsCosmogony：n. 宇宙的产生Craft workers: 手工艺工人14.During the past 40 years, scholars also have made great progress indeciphering and interpreting ancient Mesoamerican writing systems,a breakthrough that has transformed our understanding of thepre-Columbian mind.Decipher：v. 破解密码=decode, cipher=code 密码Interpret：v.解释，理解Transform：v. 转变15.Classic Maya inscriptions, for example—long thought to record onlycalendrical information and astrological incantations—can now be read, and we find that most of them glorify family and ancestry by displaying the right of individual sovereigns to rule.Calendrical：历法的，日历的astrological incantations：占星的咒语incantation：咒语 An incantation is a series of words that a person says or sings as a magic spellglorify：赞美；颂扬；吹捧；美化 To glorify something means to praise it or make it seem good or special, usually when it is notancestry：n. <集合词>祖先；世家，名门sovereigns：n. 君主16.sign their works, Mayanistthe Maya glyphs (written symbols) for “scribe”practice; now we know at least oneMayanist：玛雅专家decipher: 破译（密码）；辨认（潦草字迹）；解读；解释（古代文学）glyphs：象形文字practice: n. 通常做法；常规；惯例 You can refer to something thatpeople do regularly as a practice.Ceramic vessels: 瓷器器皿Vessel：n. 器皿；船只；血管17.Thousands more small-scale objects are known now than in thetwentieth century, although at a terrible cost to the ancient ruins from which they have been plundered.At a …cost = at …expense 以…的代价plunder：v. 抢劫，窃取Abstract →Concrete1.The process of discovery often shapes what we know about thehistory of Mesoamerican art.2.Archaeology has its own fashions too.3.Nor should one forget that excavators are vulnerable to localinterests.4.Also, modern construction often determines which ancient sites canbe excavated.5.But the study of Mesoamerican art is not based exclusively onarchaeology.6.During the past 40 years, scholars also have made great progress indeciphering and interpreting ancient Mesoamerican writing systems,a breakthrough that has transformed our understanding of thepre-Columbian mind.How Soil is FormedWords & Phrases14.dynamic process：动态的过程dynamic—反义motionless，stagnant，still15.topography (the elevations, depressions, directions and angles ofslopes, and other surface features of the landscape)topography：地形，地貌=terrainelevation：海拔高度=altitude，区别于latitude：纬度，longitude：经度angles of slopes：斜坡的角度16.stimulate or inhibit biogeochemical reactions刺激或抑制生物地理化学反应Stimulate：v. 刺激，激发=motivateSimulate：v. 模拟，模仿=mimic=imitateInhibit：v. 阻止，抑制Inhabit：v. 居住Habitat：n. 居住地，栖息地Habitant=inhabitant：n. 居民17.carrier of the acids：酸的携带者carrier of disease：疾病携带者18.Radiant energy has a pronounced effect on the moisture regime,especially the evaporative process and dryness.pronounced effect on the moisture regime：对水分管理的明显效果pronounced：adj. 明显的，显著的=noticeable=dramatic=remarkable regime：n. 管理制度，组织方法A regime is the way that something such as an institution, company, or economy is run, especially when it involves tough or severe actionevaporative process：蒸发过程evaporate：v. 蒸发vapor：n. 水蒸气19.steep slopes：陡峭的斜坡20.relatively level land：相对平坦的土地relatively：adv. 相对地=comparatively21.draining from slopes：从斜坡水流走drain：v. 流走，排出drainage system：排水系统22.Vegetation, animals, bacteria, and fungi all contribute to theformation of soil.Bacteria：细菌Fungi：真菌23.The weathering of rock material and the accumulation,decomposition, and mineralization or organic material require considerable time.Accumulation：n. 积累=building upDecomposition：n. 分解= degradationComposition：n. 组成Mineralization：n. 矿化Considerable：adj. 大量的= substantial=significant24.in equilibrium with：与…处在平衡中25.soil differentiation from parent material：从母体物质中土壤的分化26.Soils on steep slopes often remain poorly developed regardless ofgeological age because rapid erosion removes soil nearly as fast as it is formed.Regardless of：不管，不顾，不论Syntax：1.The parent material is the unconsolidated mass on which soilformation takes place.Unconsolidated：adj. 疏松的，松散的2.This material may or may not be derived from the on-site geologicalsubstrate or bedrock on which it rests.Derive from：从…获得Derive=obtainOn-site geological substrate: 处在原处的地质基底层物质On-site = in place 处在原处Substrate：基底层物质，基质3.Because of the diversity of materials involved,transported parent materials are commonlyfrom parent materials derived in place.Fertile: adj.肥沃的；有繁育能力的Fertilize：v. 施肥；传粉受精Fertilizer：n. 化肥Natural fertilizer = animal waste= dung=manureArtificial fertilizer = inorganic fertilizer= mineral fertilizer4.Ultimately：adv. 最终=eventually=finally=over timeIgneous rock：火成岩igneous rock is rock formed by solidification from a molten state; especially from molten magmaSedimentary rock：沉淀岩Sediment：沉淀物= depositMetamorphic rock：变形变质岩5.Climate is most influential in determining the nature and intensity ofweathering and the type of vegetation that further affects soil formation.the nature and intensity of weathering：风化的性质和强度nature：本性，性质eg. The nature of him is bad.Intensity: n. 强度Intense：adj. 猛烈的Weather：v. (使)风化;(使)褪色;(使)受到侵蚀 If something such as wood or rock weathers or is weathered, it changes color or shape as a result of the wind, sun, rain, or cold6.Open surfaces exposed to thermal radiation undergo the greatestdaily fluctuations in heating and cooling, soils covered with vegetation the least.Exposed to：暴露于（不好的东西）当中=subject to=vulnerable to=susceptible toThermal radiation: 热辐射Therm-：词根，热的意思，geothermal energy：地热能量undergo：v. 经历fluctuation：n. 波动变化flutter：v. 挥动翅膀，上下飘动7.The water regime—the water flow over a given time—in soil materialis sporadic, and in many parts of the Earth is highly seasonal.Water regime：Sporadic：adj. 间断发生的;零星的 Sporadic occurrences of something happen at irregular intervals8.Water that enters the soil during heavy rainfall and snowmelt movesdown through the soil.9.Steep slopes are subject to surface erosion and soil creep—thedownslope movement of soil material, which accumulates on lower slopes and lowlands.Subject to=Surface erosion：表面的侵蚀10.For store most of their organic matter on thesurface, whereas in grasslands most of the organic matter added to the soil comes from the deep fibrous root systems.Whereas：conj. 表比较，而= whileFibrous root systems：纤维状的根系Fiber：n. 纤维11.Parent materials heavy in texture require a much longer time todevelop into soils because of an impeded downward flow of water.Texture：n. 质地Impede：v. 阻碍，妨碍Abstract →Concrete1.Water that enters the soil during heavy rainfall and snowmelt movesdown through the soil. As it moves, it leaves behind suspendedmaterial and may carry away mineral matter in solution, a process called leaching. On sloping land, water distributes material laterally (sideways) through the soil.suspended material: 悬浮的物质solution：n. 溶液solvent：n. 溶剂dissolve：v. 溶解leach：v. 过滤，滤去distribute：v. 分布，散播区别：contribute：v.做出贡献Attribute to：把…归因于Attribute：n. 属性，特征=feature=characteristic=propertyImpacts and Mass ExtinctionsWords & Phrases1.Meteorites and impact craters bear witness to the fact that large impactsoccasionally occur on Earth.Meteorite：n. 陨石impact craters：撞击形成的陨石坑crater：n. 陨石坑bear witness to：作证，见证2.impactor roughly 50 meters across：直径大约50米的撞击物across：某物的宽，直径=diameterradius: n. 半径3. a major impact coincided with the death of the dinosaurs：一个大的撞击和恐龙的灭绝恰巧同时发生coincide with: 与…恰巧同时发生4.instantly melt bedrock and propel it far from its origin：立即熔化基底岩石并且推出基底岩石远离它的最初位置bedrock：n. 基底岩石propel：v. 向前推出far from its origin：远离它的最初位置5.wiped out：被一扫而空，灭绝6.ignited wildfires：点燃野火7.effects propagated throughout the food chain：影响蔓延下去贯穿整个食物链propagate: v. 原义是“繁殖”，引申为“扩展蔓延”=spread表示繁殖的词总结如下：Propagate=proliferate=reproduce=multiply8.the most astonishing fact：最令人吃惊的事实9.rodent-like mammals：像啮齿类的哺乳动物10.they lived in underground burrows and managed to store enough food to outlastthe long spell of cold, dark daysunderground burrows：地下的洞穴outlast：v. 比…时间持续的久spell: n. 一段时间Syntax1.Although the crater is only slightly more than one kilometercovering hundreds of square kilometers was probably battered by the blast and ejecta—the debris ejected or displaced during the formation of an impact crater.名词后面+doing，doing是对名词的修饰所以，“an area covering hundreds of square kilometers”的意思是：覆盖着成百上千平方千米的一个区域Batter：v. 连续猛击Blast：n. 爆炸ejecta：n. 喷出物debris：n. 碎屑残骸2.After a decade-long search, scientists identified what appears to be the impactcrater from the event.What引出的整句话做identify的宾语，what任何情况下翻译成“什么”即可impact crater：撞击坑3.Located off the coast of Mexico’s Yucatan peninsula, it is 200 kilometers across,which is close to what one would expect for a 10-kilometer impactor, and dates to 65 million years ago.1）主语出现前的所有东西都是对主语的铺垫修饰，所以“Located off…”是对后文it的铺垫修饰；2）What引出的整句话做close to的宾语，what任何情况下翻译成“什么”即可；3）one 做主语指“任何一个人”，以“任何一个人”代替整体；4）and dates 并列对象的寻找，应该是和前面的第三人称单数的谓语动词并列，所以和。
牛津托福3000核心词汇表
智课网TOEFL备考资料牛津托福3000核心词汇表摘要：很多考生都觉得托福词汇是个很难得环节，不知道该记忆那些单词，今天小编为大家准备的资料就是牛津托福3000核心词汇表，里面有很多的重点词汇我们一起来看看吧。
今天小编为大家准备的资料是牛津托福 3000核心词汇表，相信很多刚刚备考托福的考生都不知道该怎么进行备考，下面我们就一起来看看精彩内容吧。
备考托福考试适当的看些托福备考资料是应该的，小马为了更加方便同学备考，为大家准备了很重的备考资料包，大家可以扫描我们小马官方二维码进行免费索取哦!点击查看扫描二维码的方法Word list 11 abandon vt. 抛弃;放弃 forsake, desert;give up1 n. 放纵;沉溺 unrestraint with abandon2 abandoned adj. 被抛弃的，废置的 empty, deserted3 abandonment n. 抛弃;放弃4 abbreviate vt. 缩短;缩写 shorten, cutabbreviated adj. 简短的5 abbreviation n. 缩写;缩写词6 abide vi. 遵守 follow, comply with, observe abide by6 vt. 忍受 endure, put up with, bear, tolerate7 abiding adj. 持久的 enduring, permanent8 ability n. 能力，才干 capacity, skill9 inability n. 无能，无力10 capability n. 实际能力，性能，容量11 viability n. 生存能力;可行性12 variability n. 可变性13 ablaze adj. 着火的，燃烧的;闪耀的 burning;radiant, bright14 blazing adj. 炽烧的，闪耀的15 abnormal adj. 反常的，异常的;变态的 anomalous, unusual16 normal adj. 正常的，正规的，标准的normally adv. 正常地17 abolish vt. 废除，取消 eliminate, annul18 abolition n. 废除，取消19 abolitionist n. 废奴主义者20 abort n. 中止计划(任务) failure, stop21 abound vi. 充满;富于 be full of，be plentiful abound in22 abrasion n. 磨(擦)破;表面磨损 scratch, friction以上就是小编对本资料牛津托福3000核心词汇表的部分基本介绍，大家可以点击下载按钮进行免费的索取或者扫描二维码进行索取你想要的资料哦。
托福第三部分词汇一览表
/view/dae2127301f69e31433294ed.html老托段子93篇托福第三部分词汇一览表1-1. 教育――社区服务mentor 导师，顾问1－2. 保险go into 涉及，深入讨论insurance policies 保险单bottomry 船舶低压契约grant 拨款，同意piracy 海盗hazardous 危险的salient 显著的，突出的paramount 首要的，主要的1－3 航天: 重力vat 大桶，这里指水池treadmill 跑步机scuba 水肺，自携式水中呼吸器lunar 月球的traction 牵引力space unit 宇航服alter 改变NASA 美国国家航空航天局National Aeronautics and Space Administration Martia 火星的awkwardly 笨拙地2-1 地理：Everglades National Park 美国Florida州南部大沼泽地saw grass 锯（齿）草sampling 样品，抽样slough 泥沼Taylor Slough 泰勒泥沼exotic 奇异的，外来的，异国的boardwalk 木板路prairie 大草原marshy 湿软的canoe 独木舟negotiate 成功越过bothersome 讨厌的，引起麻烦的repellent 防虫剂2－2 航天：宇航服videotape 录像vacuum 真空Fahrenheit 华氏space shuttle 航天飞机insulation 绝缘体，隔热层bladder 囊，膀胱inflatable 可充气的sac 囊，袋simulate 模拟atmospheric 大气的2－3 舞蹈video 电视的，电视节目animation 动态画面stop-action freeze 静止动作pinwheel 轮转烟火choreography 芭蕾舞舞蹈设计3－1 教育：婴儿的数学才能interfere with 抵触，冲突hypothesis 假说，假设well-established已为大家接受的，得到确认的remarkable 值得注意的untapped 未利用的,未开发的3－2 历史建筑site （建房的）地皮，选址elevation 高度，海拔estate 庄园vantage point 有利位置3-3 会议议程：植树set aside 留出,拨出trustee委托人net 净赚finalize 最终决定nursery 苗圃commemorate 纪念4－1 建筑：茅草屋顶thatcher茅屋匠master 精通的,熟练的barn 谷仓sturdy 坚固的thatched 茅草的in a netshell 总而言之thatching 给房屋加茅草顶beam 梁rafter 椽reed 芦苇;芦杆;straw稻草,麦秆bundle 捆shingle 屋顶板,木瓦;木板钉成的屋顶slate 石板瓦tile 瓦longevity 寿命craft 手艺，工艺4－2 商业：极品咖啡blended coffee 花式咖啡gourmet coffee 极品咖啡gourmet 美食家convert 转向4－3 艺术photography 摄影skyscraper 摩天大楼reproduction 复制print 照片capture 捕捉5－1历史：政治人物：总统Zachary Taylor扎卡里·泰勒rough and ready马虎的，简陋的，勉强过得去的rough edges 不讲究的外表blunt 迟钝的，直言不讳的plumppresidency 总统的职位，总统的任期Department of Interior内政部promote促使(法律等)通过5－2 热气球approximate 大致估计balloonist 气球驾驶者mist 薄雾reenactment 重演inflate 使充气helium 氦气hydrogen 氢气unbeknownst 未知的，不为人知的propane burner 丙烷燃烧器5－3 地理：地球构造makeup 构造geologist 地理学家seismic 地震的compression wave 压缩波，压力波shear wave切变波剪切波横波mantle 地幔core 地核boundary 分界线crust 地壳molten lava 融岩6－1 语言学声音address 致辞，演说adverse 相反的，不利的pitch 音调pace 语速amplifying 放大的register 音域articulate 清晰明白地说signal 发出信号transition 转换anticipation 预期，预料rate 估价，评定6－2 参观博物馆：邮车overland 陆路的engraving版画;雕版印刷品prominent突出的;显著的ferry 渡船carrier 邮递员stagecoach (美国旧时的)驿马车,定期公共马车ingenious 有独创性的reindeer 驯鹿replica 复制品Age of Iron Horse 火车时代pick up 加速bulk 大批，巨大的东西philatelic 集邮的6－3 宇航员astronomerobservatory 天文台telescope 望远镜photographic plate 照相底片，感光片coat 涂在...上;覆盖...的表面light-sensitive 感光的position 安置astronomical object 天体remote 遥远的feeble 微弱的faint 微弱的7－1 生物实验workbook 习题薄，练习簿，规范手册，framework 框架subsection 小部分alternate 轮流的7－2 健康－失眠insomniapreoccupied全神贯注的strenuously 费力地amino acid 氨基酸neurotransmitter 神经传递素induce 导致7－3 私人交通：小汽车merchandise 商品property 房产chart 绘制…的图表patronize 光顾suburbanite 郊区居民clog 阻塞innovative 创新的8－1 卫生：杀害虫cockroach 蟑螂termite 白蚁beam 梁，横梁residue 残留物8－2 撰写论文提纲sketch out概略地叙述；草拟preliminary 初步的incorporate 纳入，加入revision 修改8－3绘画：画家格兰特 伍德Minneapolis明尼阿波利斯市(美国明尼苏达州)shape 塑造stylized 程式化的，按固定格式的stylistic realism 形式现实主义imitate 模仿static formalism 静态形式主义pose摆放regionalism 地方主义vision看见;所见事物sustain 维持9-1建筑pattern book 图案手册substantial 多的，大的invaluable 无价的reprint重印(本);再版(本)9－2 地理：sun dog 幻日archaeological 考古的dig 发掘band 条纹arc 弧形，弧halo 晕，晕圈9－3 医学：rural opportunities program 乡村实习项目hands-on亲手做的，实习的understaffed人手不够的on the up-side 另一面，相反地victim 受害者10－1 课堂: 调课mark 表明，标志optional随意的;非必须的administer主持...仪式，管理，掌管in place of 代替take attendance 记考勤10－2 人类学prehistoric desert people excavation 挖掘，开凿migratory 迁徙的Neveda 内华达州far from it 绝非如此spawn 产（卵），生育grotto 洞穴，岩穴artifact人工制品;手工艺品;加工品spear point 矛头10-3 海洋生物学：marine biologydwell 居住be subject to 易受…影响的habitat 栖息地protoplasm 原生质density 密度incompressible不能压缩的shove aside 推/挤到一旁wiggle 摆动narrowing sides 窄小的身体侧面propel 推动angular有尖角的peculiarity特性,特质11－1 食物商标label 标签，商标controversy争论,辩论;争议get its way 如它某人所愿nutrient 营养成分，有营养的contention论点,主张cite 引用serving (食物、饮料等)一份regulation 规章，规则11－2 校园招聘（college fair）宣讲－空姐recruit 招新，征募college credit 校方授予的荣誉make through 通过，过关headwaiter 服务生领班public relations executive公关/会务专员base station 基站11－3 气候变化inadequate 不充分的，不足够的back up 倒退crude 粗略的，大概的approximation 近似值radiate 辐射，传播speculate 推测disperse 分散，散开12－1 野营说明permit 许可（证）adequate 足够的rule of thumb 单凭经验来做的方法，比较简单有效的方法，经验法则creekbed 小河的河床booklet 小册子trail 小路solo 单独一个人rattlesnake 响尾蛇at its peak 指蛇的最活跃期flashlight 手电筒12－2 历史人物Puritan 清教徒的artillery 炮兵的总称chew 咀嚼Battle of Monmouth 1778年6月28日的蒙茅斯战役blistering 酷热的pitcher (带柄和倾口的)大水罐sergeant陆军中士;海军陆战队中士12-3 儿童心理学timid 胆小的trauma (感情等方面的)创伤inhibited羞怯的，拘谨的，拘束的，抑制的introspective 内省的,反思的,自省的doomed 注定的13－1 博物馆：灭绝的鸟类emu鸸鹋ostrich 鸵鸟specimen 标本stuffed 塞满了的auk [鸟]海雀(北极地区海鸟,体大,短翅,蹼足)prey 被捕食的动物Greenland 格陵兰岛demise 死亡precaution 小心，谨慎13－2 地理学：矿石标本diverse 不同的，多种多样的feldspar长石orthoclase 正长石glassy 象玻璃的microcline 微斜长石amazonstone天河石plagioclase斜长石slide 幻灯片13－3：国家公园管理局National Park Serviceexploration 探险campfire 篝火，营火accessible 可接近的，可达到的proclaim 宣布，声明scenic 风景的，景色优美的set aside 留出,拨出ranger 【美】国有森林护林员,国家公园管理员14－1 住宿：抽签决定宿舍assign 分配，指派lottery 抽签block （一）批intended 有意向的renovation 翻新新生以外的学生抽签决定宿舍。
俞敏洪托福词汇
a pivotal figure 关键人物a premium price 溢价a range of 一套,一系列abandon /ə'bændən/ v.放弃,抛弃,放纵 n.放纵abandonment /ə'bændənmənt/ n.放弃,自暴自弃,放纵abbreviate /ə'bri:viˌeit/ vt.缩写,缩短,使简略abrasion /ə'breiʒən/ n.擦伤,磨损,磨损处abstract /æb'strækt,'æbstrækt/ n.摘要,抽象的东西,抽象派 adj.抽象的,理论的 v.摘要,移除,提取,偷absurd /əb'sə:d/ adj.荒唐的,可笑的,不合理的 n.荒唐abundance /ə'bʌndəns/ n.丰富,充裕abundant /ə'bʌndənt/ adj.丰富的,充裕的accelerate /æk'seləˌreit/ v.加速,提前,跳级access /'ækses/ n.入口,通道 n.接近(的机会),使用之权 vt.进入,(电脑)存取acclaimed /ə'kleim/ n.喝采,欢呼,赞同 v.欢呼,喝采,称赞accommodate /ə'kɔməˌdeit/ vt.供给住宿,使适应,容纳,提供,顾及,调解 vi.适应,调节accompany /ə'kʌmpəni/ vt.陪伴,伴随...发生,补充,给...伴奏 vi.伴奏accordion /ə'kɔ:diən/ n.手风琴 adj.可折叠的accumulate /ə'kju:mjəˌleit/ v.积累,增加,聚集accustomed /ə'kʌstəmd/ adj.习惯了的,通常的acquaintance /ə'kweintəns/ n.熟人,相识,了解acronym /'ækrənim/ n.首字母缩略词acute /ə'kju:t/ adj.严重的,敏锐的,急性的,剧烈的adapt /ə'dæpt/ vt.改编,使适应 vi.适应,适合adaptable /ə'dæptəbəl/ adj.能适应的,适应性强的,可改编的adaptation /ˌædæp'teiʃən/ n.改编,改编成的作品,适应additive /'ædətiv/ n.添加剂 adj.加添的adept /ə'dept/ adj.熟练的,老练的 n.名手,专家adjacent /ə'dʒeisənt/ adj.邻近的,毗连的,接近的adjoining /ə'dʒɔiniŋ/ adj.毗邻的动词adjoin的现在分词adjust /ə'dʒʌst/ v.调整,校准,调节,使适应adjustment /ə'dʒʌstmənt/ n.调整,调节adobe /ə'dəubi/ n.泥砖,土坯,泥砖建筑物,制砖粘土Adobe n.美国奥多比电脑软件公司adopt /ə'dɔpt/ v.采用,收养,接受adorn /ə'dɔ:n/ v.装饰,佩戴adornment /ə'dɔ:nmənt/ n.装饰,装饰品advent /'ædvent/ n.出现,到来adverse /æd'və:s/ adj.不利的,逆向的,有害的adversely /æd'və:sli/ adv.不利地,有害地,逆向地adversity /əd'və:səti/ n.不幸,灾难advocate /'ædvəˌkeit,'ædvəkit/ v.提倡,主张 n.拥护者,提倡者,律师,辩护者aesthetic /es'θetik/ adj.美学的,审美的,有美感的n.(复数)审美观aesthetically /es'θetikli/ adv.有审美能力地,美术地affect /ə'fekt/ vt.影响,感动,作用affected /ə'fektid/ adj.受影响的,受感动的,受疾病侵袭的 adj.做作的,假装的动词affect的过去式和过去分词affiliate with v.交往afflict /ə'flikt/ vt.使苦恼,折磨affluent /'æfluənt/ adj.富裕的 n.支流aggravating /'ægrəˌveitiŋ/ adj.使更恶化的,加厉的,恼人的aggregate /'ægriˌgeit,'ægrigit/ n.合计,总计,集合体,集料 adj.合计的,集合的,聚合的 vt.聚集,合计aggregation /ˌægri'geiʃən/ n.集合,聚合,集合体agitation /ˌædʒə'teiʃən/ n.激动,鼓动,搅动akin to 类似,近于,与...同类alchemy /'ælkəmi/ n.炼金术,魔力alder /'ɔ:ldə/ n.[植]桤木algae /'ældʒi:/ n.水藻,海藻名词alga的复数形式alien /'eiliən/ n.外侨,外国人,外星人 adj.外国的,陌生的,相异的all but 几乎,差一点all-inclusive adj.包括一切的allocate /'æləˌkeit/ vt.分派,分配,分配额alloy /ə'lɔi,'ælɔi/ n.合金 vt.使成合金,使降低alternative /ɔ:l'tə:nətiv/ adj.两者择一的,供选择的,非主流的 n.替换物,取舍altitude /'æltəˌtju:d/ n.高度,海拔,高地aluminum /ə'lu:minəm/ n.铝ambience /'æmbiəns/ n.气氛amenable /ə'mi:nəbəl/ adj.顺从的,通情达理的,经得起检验的amplify /'æmpləˌfai/ v.扩大,详述,增强ancestor /'ænsestə/ n.祖宗,祖先,原种annihilate /ə'naiəˌleit/ v.消灭,歼灭,彻底消除,使无效,废止annual /'ænjuəl/ adj.每年的,年度的,一年生的 n.年刊,一年生植物annually /'ænjuəli/ adv.每年,年年anomaly /ə'nɔməli/ n.异常,反常,不规则anonymous /ə'nɔnəməs/ adj.匿名的,无名的,没特色的antibiotic /ˌæntibai'ɔtik/ adj.抗菌的 n.抗生素antiquate /'æntəˌkweit/ adj.旧式的,过时的an tiquated /'æntəˌkweitid/ adj.陈旧的,过时的,年老的动词antiquate的过去式和过去分词antiquity /æn'tikwəti/ n.古代,古物,古迹apart from adj.缺少,除...以外,且不说appeal /ə'pi:l/ n.恳求；呼吁,上诉,吸引力 n.(体育比赛中)诉请裁决 v.呼吁,有吸引力,求助,诉请appeal to /ə'pi:ltə/ 对...产生吸引力,呼吁,恳求,申诉1apprentice /ə'prentis/ n.学徒,见习生 v.使当学徒approach /ə'prəutʃ/ v.靠近,接近,达到,动手处理 n.途径,方法,接近aptly /'æptli/ adv.适当地,适宜地,巧妙地aquatic /ə'kwætik/ adj.水生的,水中的,水上的 n.水生动物,水草arc /ɑ:k/ n.弧,弧形物 vi.形成电弧,按弧形轨迹行进archaeological /ˌa:kiə'lɔdʒikəl/ adj.考古学的,考古学上的archipelago /ˌɑ:kə'peləˌgəu/ n.群岛,多岛海architect /'ɑ:kəˌtekt/ n.建筑师 n.【喻】缔造者,创造者arduous /'ɑ:dʒuəs/ adj.费力的,辛勤的,险峻的arena /ə'ri:nə/ n.竞技场arid /'ærid/ adj.干燥的,不毛的 adj.枯燥的,无趣的armor /'ɑ:mə/ n.盔甲,装甲aromatic /ˌærə'mætik/ adj.芳香的 n.芳香植物,芳香族化合物array /ə'rei/ n.一系列,大批,数组,列队,盛装 vt.排列,部署,打扮arthritis /ɑ:'θraitis/ n.关节炎artificial /ˌɑ:tə'fiʃəl/ adj.人造的,虚伪的,武断的artisan /'ɑ:təzən/ n.工匠,技工as a rule 通常,一般说来as a rule of thumb 按一般规律,一般说来as far asas such 照这样,就这点而论ascend /ə'send/ v.上升,攀登ascribe to /ə'skraib tu:/ v.归于aspiring /ə'spairiŋ/ adj.渴望的,追求的,有抱负的动词aspire的现在分词形式assemble /ə'sembəl/ v.集合,收集,装配assert /ə'sə:t/ vt.断言,主张,生效associate /ə'səuʃiˌeit,ə'səuʃiit/ vt.联想,联合 n.伙伴,同事,同伴 adj.副的,共事的,有联系的 n.准学士学位获得者 vi.交往assorted /ə'sɔ:tid/ adj.各种各样的,各色俱备的,配合的,适合的动词assort的过去式和过去分词assortment /ə'sɔ:tmənt/ n.杂烩assume /ə'sju:m/ vt.假定,设想,承担,(想当然的)认为assumption /ə'sʌmpʃən/ n.假定,设想,担任(职责等),假装assure /ə'ʃuə/ vt.使确信,使放心,确保astonishing /ə'stɔniʃiŋ/ adj.惊人的动词astonish 的现在分词astute /ə'stju:t/ adj.机敏的,精明的,狡猾的at intervals 不时地,间隔at one session NotFoundat the cutting edge of NotFoundatomization /ˌætəmə'zeiʃən/ n.原子化,雾化,分化attach /ə'tætʃ/ v.附上,系上,贴上,使依恋attached /ə'tætʃt/ adj.附加的,附属的,依恋的attachment /ə'tætʃmənt/ n.附件,附属物,忠诚,依恋,附著,依赖 [法律]扣押令attain /ə'tein/ v.实现,获得,达到attainment /ə'teinmənt/ n.达到,获得（常复数）attainments:成就,才能,学识attire /ə'taiə/ n.服装,盛装 v.穿衣,打扮attribute to 归因于auditorium /ˌɔ:də'təuriəm/ n.礼堂,观众席auger /'ɔ:gə/ n.螺丝钻,钻孔机aurora /ɔ'rəurə/ n.曙光,北极光 Aurora：[罗神]黎明的女神auroral light NotFoundautomated /'ɔ:təumeitid/ adj.自动化的动词automate的过去式和过去分词available /ə'veiləbəl/ adj.有效的,可用的,可得到的,有用的aviation /ˌeivi'eiʃən/ n.航空,飞机制造业avocation /ˌævə'keiʃən/ n.<古>娱乐,消遣,副业,嗜好awareness /ə'wɛənis/ n.认识,觉察,意识awkwardly /'ɔ:kwə:dli/ adv.笨拙地backdrop /'bækˌdrɔp/ n.背景幕,背景ballet /'bælei/ n.芭蕾舞balmy /'bɑ:mi/ adj.芳香的,温和的,<俚>疯狂的,古怪的barb /bɑ:b/ n.倒钩 n.尖刻、刻薄的言语 vt.给...装倒钩Barbed wire n.带刺铁丝网,制网铁丝,刺钢丝,刺铁丝barge /bɑ:dʒ/ n.驳船 vi.猛撞,冲,闯 vt.以驳船载运bark /bɑ:k/ v.(狗)吠,咆哮 v.剥皮,擦伤 n.狗吠,咆哮 n.(树)茎皮barn /bɑ:n/ n.谷仓,牲口棚,车库,大而空荡的农屋barren /'bærən/ adj.贫瘠的,无效的,不育的barrier /'bæriə/ n.栅栏,障碍物,屏障barter /'bɑ:tə/ v.物物交换,以货易货 n.物物交换,实物交易basement /'beismənt/ n.根基,地下室basin /'beisən/ n.脸盆,盆地,流域,水池be characterized by 具有...特性be taken by 被...吸引be up to 由某人决定,是某人的责任,胜任,适于beak /bi:k/ n.鸟嘴,鸟嘴装物体,<非>鹰钩鼻beam /bi:m/ vi.微笑,发光 vt.播送,发射,用梁支撑 n.桁条,光线,(光线的)束,(横)梁bequest /bi'kwest/ n.遗产,遗赠物besiege /bi'si:dʒ/ vt.围攻,包围bestow /bi'stəu/ vt.授予,利用bias /'baiəs/ n.偏见,偏爱,斜纹 vt.使偏心bitterness /'bitənis/ n.苦味,悲痛,怨恨bizarre /bi'zɑ:/ adj.奇异的,怪诞的blanket /'blæŋkit/ n.毛毯,覆盖物,排字版 vt.覆盖,2用毯子裹,扑灭,挡风,使包含 adj.包含所有的,适用于所有情形的blast /blɑ:st/ n.爆炸,巨响,一阵(强风),严厉的批评,愉快的经历 v.爆破,摧毁,发出巨响,用力撞击,批评blazing /'bleiziŋ/ adj.强烈的,燃烧的,炫目的动词blaze的现在分词形式bleak /bli:k/ adj.萧瑟的,阴郁的,严寒的,无希望的blend /blend/ v.混合 n.混合物blessing /'blesiŋ/ n.祝福,祷告,幸事block /blɔk/ n.街区,木块,石块,大楼,一组,阻塞(物),障碍(物) v.阻塞blocks /'blɔks/ n.街区名词block的复数形式blossom /'blɔsəm/ n.花,开花,全盛期 vi.开花,成长blues /blu:z/ n.布鲁斯音乐,忧郁的情绪名词blue的复数形式bluff /blʌf/ v.虚张声势 n.虚张声势,吓唬 n.断崖,绝壁 adj.直率的blunt /blʌnt/ adj.钝的,迟钝的,直率的 v.使迟钝,变钝bolster /'bəulstə/ n.长枕,靠垫 vt.支持,鼓励boom /bu:m/ n.繁荣,兴旺,激增,低沉声 n.帆杠,吊杆,支臂,尾桁,水栅 vi.急速增长,发出低沉声 vt.使兴旺,促进boon /bu:n/ n.恩惠,所感激的事 adj.合得来的boost /bu:st/ v.提高,增加,鼓励,举起,为...做宣传n.增加,推进,鼓励boring /'bəuriŋ/ adj.令人厌烦的,乏味的boundary /'baundri/ n.边界,分界线bow /bəu,bau/ n.弓,鞠躬礼,蝴蝶结,船头 v.鞠躬,致敬,压弯breach /bri:tʃ/ n.破坏,违背,决裂,裂口,（浪的）冲击 v.违反,突破,在...上打开缺口break all ties with NotFoundbreeze /bri:z/ n.微风,<口>轻而易举的事 vi.飘然而行,轻松通过brilliance /'briljəns/ n.(色彩)鲜明,光辉,辉煌briny /'braini/ adj.盐水的,海水的,碱的briskness /'brisknis/ n.敏捷,活泼brittle /'britəl/ adj.易碎的,尖利的,冷淡的 n.果仁薄脆糖bronze /brɔnz/ n.青铜,青铜色,青铜制品,铜牌 adj.青铜制的,青铜色的 vt.使成青铜色bubble /'bʌbəl/ n.气泡,泡影 v.起泡,冒泡,充满...感情buckle /'bʌkəl/ n.扣子,皮带扣 v.扣住,弯曲,专心做事,屈服buggy /'bʌgi/ adj.多虫的 n.轻型马车,婴儿车building block 积木,基础部分,积木式元件bulk /bʌlk/ n.体积,容积,大块,大部分,大批 adj.散装的,大量的 vt.使膨胀,使成堆 vi.膨胀,显得重要bundle /'bʌndəl/ n.捆,束,包,大笔钱 v.捆,把...扎成一捆,匆忙地走burdensome /'bə:dənsəm/ adj.负担的,恼人的,艰难的burgeon /'bə:dʒən/ v.发芽,萌芽,迅速发展 n.芽,嫩枝burrow /'bə:əu/ n.(兔子等)所掘的地洞 vt.挖掘(洞穴),钻进 vi.翻寻,挖洞bust /bʌst/ n.半身像,胸部,搜查,失败 v.打碎,搜捕,降级,终止 adj.破产的,打碎的bustle /'bʌsəl/ n.喧哗,匆忙 v.匆忙,催促by a factor of NotFoundby far 到目前为止cab /kæb/ n.出租汽车,司机室,驾驶室,轻便马车 vi.乘出租车cabinet /'kæbənit/ n.橱柜,内阁 adj.内阁的,秘密的cacti /'kæktəs/ n.仙人掌名词cactus的复数形式calibration /ˌkæli'breiʃən/ n.校准,刻度campaign /kæm'pein/ n.运动,战役,活动,竞选运动 v.参加竞选,从事运动canopy /'kænəpi/ n.天篷,遮篷,苍穹canyon /'kænjən/ n.峡谷capability /ˌkeipə'biləti/ n.能力,才能,性能,容量capacity /kə'pæsəti/ n.容量,容积,能力,职位,资格carapace /'kærəˌpeis/ n.(蟹或龟等的)甲壳carbohydrate /'kɑ:bə'haidreit/ n.碳水化合物,糖类cardiac /'kɑ:diˌæk/ adj.心脏的,心脏病的cargo /'kɑ:gəu/ n.货物,船货carnival /'kɑ:nəvəl/ n.嘉年华会,狂欢节carnivorous /kɑ:'nivərəs/ adj.食肉的,（植物）食虫的carving /'kɑ:viŋ/ n.雕刻品,雕刻,雕刻术动词carve 的现在分词cast /kɑ:st/ v.掷,抛,投,铸造,指定演员,加起来,投射(目光),投(票),预测 n.演员阵容,投掷cast off v.遗弃,放出,脱下casting /'kɑ:stiŋ/ n.选演员,投掷,铸造动词cast的现在分词category /'kætəˌgəuri/ n.种类,类别,范畴cater /'keitə/ v.提供饮食及服务,迎合,满足cathedral /kə'θi:drəl/ n.大教堂cavern /'kævən/ n.大洞穴 vt.置于洞穴中,挖空cavity /'kævəti/ n.洞,空穴,腔,蛀洞cease /si:s/ v.终止,停止 n.停止celestial /sə'lestʃəl/ adj.天上的,非凡的 n.天神Celestial adj.中国的,中国人的 n.中国人cell /sel/ n.细胞,小房间,手机,电池,小组cellist /'tʃelist/ n.大提琴演奏者census /'sensəs/ n.人口普查,户口普查,统计ceremonial /ˌserə'məuniəl/ n.仪式 adj.仪式的ceremony /'serəˌməuni/ n.仪式,礼节,典礼chafe /tʃeif/ n.擦伤,气恼 v.摩擦,擦痛,激怒chamber /'tʃeimbə/ n.室,会议厅,房间chaos /'keiɔs/ n.混乱,无秩序,混沌charcoal /'tʃɑ:ˌkəul/ n.木炭,炭笔charter /'tʃɑ:tə/ n.宪章,特许,(船、机、车等的)租3赁 vt.包租,特许,发给...执照 adj.特许的chateau /ʃɑ:'təu/ n.(法国的)城堡,别墅,庄园check /tʃek/ v.检查,阻止,核对 n.检查,阻碍,支票,账单,方格图案,(国际象棋)将军chill /tʃil/ v.(使)变冷,(使)扫兴,[冶]冷淬 n.寒冷,扫兴,寒心,着凉 adj.冷淡的,寒冷的chilly /'tʃili/ adj.寒冷的,冷淡的chimpanzee /'tʃimpæn'zi:/ n.黑猩猩chisel /'tʃizəl/ n.凿子 v.凿,雕 v.欺骗chivalry /'ʃivəlri/ n.骑士精神,骑士制度chop /tʃɔp/ v.劈,砍,剁 n.砍,剁,排骨choppy /'tʃɔpi/ adj.波涛汹涌的,突变的,有裂痕的chord /kɔ:d/ n.弦,和弦,情绪chunk /tʃʌŋk/ n.矮胖的人或物,厚块（片）,相当大的量vt.（高尔夫球）没击中 vi.发出猛冲的声音circulate /'sə:kjəˌleit/ vi.流通,循环,传播 vt.使流通circulation /ˌsə:kjə'leiʃən/ n.流通,循环,发行量,消息传播circumscribe /'sə:kəmˌskraib/ vt.限制,在...周围画线,使外切cite /sait/ vt.引用,传讯,表扬,举(例)civilian /si'viljən/ adj.平民的 n.罗马法专家,平民civility /si'viləti/ n.礼貌,谦恭,端庄claim /kleim/ n.要求,要求权,主张,断言,声称,要求物 vt.要求,请求,主张,声称,断言clamor /'klæmə/ n.喧嚷,大声的要求 v.喧嚷,大声要求clam /klæm/ n.蛤,沉默寡言的人 vi.保持沉默,挖蚌clan /klæn/ n.氏族,宗族,党派classification /ˌklæsəfə'keiʃən/ n.分类,类别classify /'klæsəˌfai/ vt.分类,归类clay /klei/ n.黏土,泥土cliff /klif/ n.悬崖,峭壁cling to 抱住,固守,贴近clockwise /'klɔkˌwaiz/ adj.顺时针方向的 adv.顺时针方向地clumsy /'klʌmzi/ adj.笨拙的,不得体的,笨重的cluster /'klʌstə/ n.群,簇,丛,串 v.群集,丛生,使成群code of laws NotFoundcoexist /'kəuig'zist/ vi.同时存在(于同一处),共存cohesion /kəu'hi:ʒən/ n.凝聚力,团结,内聚力cohesive /kəu'hi:siv/ adj.粘性的,有结合性的,有粘聚性的coil /kɔil/ n.卷,圈,线圈 v.盘绕,卷成圈coincide /ˌkəuin'said/ vi.一致,同时发生,符合coincident /kəu'insədənt/ adj.同时发生的,巧合的,一致的,符合的collaboration /kəˌlæbə'reiʃən/ n.合作,通敌collective /kə'lektiv/ adj.集体的,共同的 n.集体collide /kə'laid/ vi.碰撞,互撞,砥触colossal /kə'lɔsəl/ adj.巨大的,<口>异常的combustible /kəm'bʌstəbəl/ adj.易燃的,燃烧性的,易激动的 n.燃质物,可燃物combustion /kəm'bʌstʃən/ n.燃烧comet /'kɔmit/ n.慧星commission /kə'miʃən/ n.佣金,委员会,委托,委任,犯罪 vt.授予,使服役,委托committed /kə'mitid/ adj.忠诚的,坚定的,献身于某种事业的,委托的commodity /kə'mɔdəti/ n.商品,日用品commonsense /'kɔmən'sens/ adj.有常识的,明白事理的n.常识communally /kə'mju:nəli/ adv.共同地,社区地community /kə'mju:nəti/ n.社区,社会,共同体,公众,团体,[生]群落commuter /kə'mju:tə/ n.通勤者,每日往返上班者compact /'kɔmpækt,kəm'pækt/ adj.紧密的,紧凑的,简洁的 vt.使简洁,使装满,压实 n.合约条约,梳妆粉盒companion /kəm'pænjən/ n.同伴,志趣相投的人,成对物品之一,参考书 v.陪伴comparable /'kɔmpərəbəl/ adj.可比较的,比得上的compatible /kəm'pætəbəl/ adj.一致的,兼容的,适合的n.兼容compel /kəm'pel/ v.强迫,迫使,使不得已compensation /ˌkɔmpən'seiʃən/ n.补偿,赔偿,赔偿金competing /kəm'pi:tiŋ/ adj.竞争的,抵触的,相互矛盾的动词compete的现在分词competitiveness /kəm'petətivnis/ n.竞争能力compile /kəm'pail/ vt.编译,编制,编纂complacence /kəm'pleisəns/ n.自满complement /'kɔmpləˌment,'kɔmpləmənt/ vt.相辅相成n.补足物,补语,余角complementary /ˌkɔmplə'mentəri/ adj.补充的,互补的complexes n.复合物名词complex的复数形式complicated /'kɔmpləˌkeitid/ adj.复杂的,难懂的动词complicate的过去式和过去分词comply with 服从,遵守component /kəm'pəunənt/ n.零部件；元件,组成部分；成分 adj.组成的；构成的composed of 由...组成的composition /ˌkɔmpə'ziʃən/ n.成分,作品,组织,作文,合成物compound /'kɔmpaund,kɔm'paund/ n.复合物,复合词,混合物 n.院子(用围墙圈起来的场地） adj.合成的,复(混)合的 v.混合,调合,妥协,私了compress /'kɔmpres,kəm'pres/ vt.压缩,压榨 n.[医]敷布comprise /kəm'praiz/ vt.构成,包含con /kɔn/ n.骗局,反对,反对的理由 adv.反面地,反对地 vt.精读,记诵conceal /kən'si:l/ vt.隐藏,隐瞒,掩盖4concede /kən'si:d/ vt.承认,给予,让步,认输 vi.让步conceive /kən'si:v/ v.设想,想出,怀孕conception /kən'sepʃən/ n.概念,观念,构想,怀孕concerted /kən'sə:tid/ adj.商议好的,协定的,一致的动词concert的过去式和过去分词concise /kən'sais/ adj.简明的,简要的concrete /'kɔnkri:t/ adj.具体的,实质性的,混凝土的 n.水泥,混凝土,具体物 v.凝结,结合condensation /ˌkɔnden'seiʃən/ n.浓缩,凝结,液滴condense /kən'dens/ v.浓缩,凝结,缩短condor /'kɔndə/ n.大兀鹰,秃鹰金币conductivity /ˌkɔndʌk'tivəti/ n.[物]传导性,传导率cone /kəun/ n.圆锥体,锥形物,球果 vt.变成锥形confederacy /kən'fedərəsi/ n.同盟,联邦,共谋Confederacy：（美国南北战争时期的）南部邦联configuration /kənˌfigjə'reiʃən/ n.结构,布局,形态,格式塔心理完形 [计算机]配置confine to 限制,局限于,关在...里面confinement /kən'fainmənt/ n.拘禁,限制,分娩confirm /kən'fə:m/ v.证实,批准,确定conflict /'kɔnflikt,kən'flikt/ n.冲突,战斗,矛盾,斗争 vi.冲突,抵触,争执conflicting /kən'fliktiŋ/ adj.相冲突的动词conflict的现在分词形式confront /kən'frʌnt/ vt.对抗,遭遇,面临congenial /kən'dʒi:njəl/ adj.同性质的,适意的,趣味相同的,友善的congestion /kən'dʒestʃən/ n.阻塞,拥挤,充血congregate /'kɔŋgriˌgeit/ vt.使集合,聚集 vi.集合adj.集体的conifer /'kəunəfə/ n.针叶树conjecture /kən'dʒektʃə/ n.推测,臆测 v.推测,臆测consecutive /kən'sekjətiv/ adj.连续的,连贯的consequence /'kɔnsəˌkwens/ n.结果,后果,重要性,影响conservative /kən'sə:vətiv/ adj.保守的,守旧的 n.保守派(党),保守的人conserve /'kɔnsə:v,kən'sə:v/ n.蜜饯,果酱 v.保存,保持,节省,用糖保存consort with /kən'sɔ:twið/ v.陪伴,与...协调,与...一致conspicuous /kən'spikjuəs/ adj.显著的,显眼的,显而易见的conspiracy /kən'spirəsi/ n.阴谋,共谋constant /'kɔnstənt/ adj.不变的,经常的 n.常数,恒量constantly /'kɔnstəntli/ adv.不断地,经常地constellation /ˌkɔnstə'leiʃən/ n.星座,星群constituent /kən'stitʃuənt/ n.成分,选民,构成物adj.构成的,组织的,立宪的constitute /'kɔnstəˌtju:t/ vt.构成,组成,任命,建立,制定constitution /ˌkɔnstə'tju:ʃən/ n.宪法,组织,体质constitutional /ˌkɔnstə'tju:ʃənəl/ adj.宪法的,合乎宪法的,体质的,组成的 n.散步保健constrain /kən'strein/ vt.强迫,限制constraint /kən'streint/ n.约束,强制,约束条件,对感情的压抑,虚情假意 [计算机]限制constrict /kən'strikt/ v.压缩,束紧,使收缩constricted /'kənstriktid/ adj.狭窄的,收缩的动词constrict的过去式和过去分词形式construction /kən'strʌkʃən/ n.建设,结构,建筑物,建造,构造,解释consumption /kən'sʌmpʃən/ n.消费,消耗,消费量contact /'kɔntækt,kən'tækt/ n.接触,联系,熟人v.(与)联系,(与)接触 adj.接触的container /kən'teinə/ n.容器,集装箱contemporary /kən'tempəˌreri/ adj.同时代的,当代的n.同时代的人,同龄人context /'kɔntekst/ n.上下文,环境,背景contours /'kɔntuə/ n.周线,轮廓(等高线,电路,概要) vt.画轮廓(画等高线) adj.显示轮廓的contraction /kən'trækʃən/ n.收缩,痉挛,缩写式contractor /kən'træktə/ n.立契约的人,承包商contribute to 为...作贡献,为...捐款或撰稿convention /kən'venʃən/ n.大会,协定,惯例,公约conventional /kən'venʃənəl/ adj.传统的,惯例的,常规的conventionally /kən'venʃənəli/ adv.照惯例,照常套,照老例converge /kən'və:dʒ/ vi.聚合,集中,会聚 vt.使集合convert /'kɔnvə:t,kən'və:t/ v.变换,(使)转变,使...改变信仰,倒置,兑换 n.皈依者,改变信仰的人converter /kən'və:tə/ n.转换器 =convertorconvict /'kɔnvikt,kən'vikt/ vt.宣判...有罪,使...知罪 n.囚犯,罪犯 adj.被定罪的convinced /kən'vinst/ adj.信服的,确信的convincing /kən'vinsiŋ/ adj.使人信服的,有力的,令人心悦诚服的动词convince的现在分词convivial /kən'viviəl/ adj.好交际的,快活的coral reef 珊瑚礁corals 珊瑚core /kəur,kɔ:/ n.核心,果心,要点 vt.挖去果核correlated adj.有相互关系的动词correlate的过去式和过去分词形式corrosion /kə'rəuʒən/ n.侵蚀,腐蚀,锈蚀corruption /kə'rʌpʃən/ n.贪污,堕落,腐败cosmic /'kɔzmik/ adj.宇宙的,广大无边的,无限的costume /'kɔstju:m/ n.服装,剧装 vt.提供服装,为...设计服装 adj.服装打扮的counteract /kauntər'ækt/ vt.抵消,中和,消解,抵制counterbalance /ˌkauntə'bæləns,'kauntəˌbæləns/ n.5平衡,平衡力 v.抵销 vt.使平衡,抵销counterclockwise /ˌkauntə'klɔkˌwaiz/ 反时针方向(的)counterpart /'kauntəˌpɑ:t/ n.相似之物,副本,对应物cowhand /'kauˌhænd/ n.<美>(牧场的)牧牛工crab /kræb/ n.蟹,阴虱 v.捕蟹,使横行 n.爱争吵的人n.[植]山楂子 v.批评,抱怨crack /kræk/ v.崩溃,失去控制,压碎,使裂开,破解,<非正式>开玩笑 n.裂缝,爆裂声,变声,<俚>快克(一种毒品),俏皮话 adj.一流的,顶尖的craft /krɑ:ft/ n.工艺,手艺,狡诈,船舶,航空器,行会成员 vt.手工制作,精心制作craftspeople /'krɑ:ftspi:pəl/ 工匠;手艺人crater /'kreitə/ n.坑(陨石坑,弹坑),凹地,火山口v.(使)形成凹陷 n.巨爵(古希腊和古罗马,用来混合酒和水的一种口部很宽且有两个把手的大酒杯) Crater n.巨爵座 n.克拉特（姓氏）crawl /krɔ:l/ vi.爬行,卑躬屈膝,自由式游泳 n.爬行,匍匐而行,[体育]自由式游泳crayon /'kreiən/ n.蜡笔,蜡笔画 vt.以蜡笔作画credence /'kri:dəns/ n.信用,祭器台,供桌creditor /'kreditə/ n.债权人,债主crevice /'krevis/ n.(岩石、墙等)裂缝crippling /'kripliŋ/ adj.造成严重后果的动词cripple的现在分词形式crisscross /'krisˌkrɔs/ v.来回移动 adj.交叉的,十字形的 n.十字形crossbones /'krɔsˌbəunz/ n.交叉腿骨的图形crossbreeding /'krɔsbri:diŋ/ n.杂交育种动词crossbreed的现在分词形式crow /krəu/ n.乌鸦,啼叫,欢叫 v.报晓,啼叫,欢叫,夸口,洋洋自得crude /kru:d/ adj.天然的,未加工的,粗鲁的,粗糙的,简陋的 n.原油,天然的物质crude oil 原油crumple /'krʌmpəl/ v.（使)起皱,(使)崩溃,压垮 n.压痕,皱痕crust /krʌst/ n.外壳,坚硬的外壳,面包皮 vt.盖以硬皮 vi.结硬皮crustacean /krʌs'teiʃən/ n.甲壳类动物 adj.甲壳纲的crystalline /'kristəlˌain/ adj.水晶(般)的,水晶做的,透明的crystallized 结晶的,使晶状的cubism /'kju:bizəm/ n.立体主义cue /kju:/ n.暗示,提示,信号 vt.给...提示,把...插入演出culminate /'kʌlməˌneit/ vi.达到顶点,达到高潮,告终vt.使达高潮,使结束cumbersome /'kʌmbəsəm/ adj.笨重的,不方便的curator /kju'reitə/ n.(博物馆、展览馆等的)馆长,管理者curriculum /kə'rikjələm/ n.全部课程,课程custodian /kʌs'təudiən/ n.管理人,保管人,监护人cuticle /'kju:tikəl/ n.表皮,外皮,角质层cylinder /'silində/ n.圆筒,汽缸,圆柱体dash off 匆忙完成,匆匆离去,迅速写(或画)daunting /'dɔ:ntiŋ/ adj.令人畏惧的动词daunt的现在分词dawn /dɔ:n/ n.黎明,曙光,开端,破晓 vi.开始出现,破晓,逐渐明白dazzling /'dæzliŋ/ adj.令人眼花缭乱的,耀眼的动词dazzle的现在分词debate /di'beit/ n.辩论,讨论 vt.争论,思考 vi.辩论debris /də'bri:/ n.碎片,残骸declaration /ˌdeklə'reiʃən/ n.宣言,宣布,申报decline /di'klain/ v.下降,减少,变弱,拒绝,倾斜 n.衰微,跌落,晚年declining /di'klainiŋ/ adj.下降的,衰落的动词decline的现在分词decorate /'dekəˌreit/ v.装饰,布置,装修,授予某人奖章或其他奖状decoration /ˌdekə'reiʃən/ n.装饰,装饰品decorative /'dekərətiv/ adj.装饰的,装饰性的defecate /'defəˌkeit/ v.除去污物,排便,澄清,净清deference /'defərəns/ n.顺从,敬重deferential /ˌdefə'renʃəl/ adj.恭敬的deficiency /di'fiʃənsi/ n.缺乏,不足,缺陷,缺点deform /di'fɔ:m/ vt.使变形,使畸形 vi.变形deformation /ˌdi:fɔ:'meiʃən/ n.变形,畸形deft /deft/ adj.敏捷熟练的,灵巧的degradation /ˌdegrə'deiʃən/ n.降格,堕落,退化degrade /di'greid/ v.降格,使屈辱,贬低,退化,降解dehydrate /di:'haiˌdreit/ v.（使）脱水,（使）干燥dehydrated adj.脱水的动词dehydrate的过去式和过去分词deliberate /di'libərit/ adj.深思熟虑的,故意的,从容不迫的 v.仔细考虑,研讨delicate /'deləkət/ adj.微妙的,精美的,纤细的,脆弱的,敏锐的,美味的delta /'deltə/ n.(河流的)三角洲demobilize /di:'məubəlˌaiz/ vt.使复员,使退伍,遣散demolish /di'mɔliʃ/ v.拆毁,破坏,驳倒,<口>吃光dense /dens/ adj.密集的,稠密的,浓密的density /'densəti/ n.密度,浓度,比重depict /di'pikt/ vt.描述,描绘,画deplete /di'pli:t/ vt.耗尽,使空竭deposit /di'pɔzit/ vt.使沉淀,存放,堆积 vi.沉淀 n.存款,定金,堆积物depredation /ˌdepri'deiʃən/ n.掠夺,破坏、蹂躏depression /di'preʃən/ n.沮丧,萧条derive /di'raiv/ v.获取,得自,起源desalination /di:ˌsælə'neiʃən/ n.脱盐(作用)6descend /di'send/ v.下降,降临 v.传下来,遗传 v.突然袭击,突然拜访descendant /di'sendənt/ n.后裔,子孙,后代descent /di'sent/ n.下降,下坡,家世,血统,侵袭,衰落,继承designate /'dezigˌneit/ vt.指定,标明,把...定名为,选派 adj.指定的desirable /di'zairəbəl/ adj.令人满意的,性感的,有吸引力的,值得的,令人向往的 n.有吸引力的人或物desperate /'despərit/ adj.绝望的,不顾一切的,极其想要的despoiler /di'spɔil/ vt.夺取,掠夺destruction /di'strʌkʃən/ n.破坏,毁灭detect /di'tekt/ v.发觉,察觉,探测detectable /di'tektəbəl/ adj.可发现的,可察觉的,可探测出的deter /di'tə:/ vt.阻止,威慑,威吓deteriorate /di'tiriəˌreit/ v.恶化,变质,衰退determinant /di'tə:mənənt/ n.决定因素,[数]行列式adj.决定性的deterrent /di'tə:rənt/ adj.威慑的 n.威慑物devastate /'devəsˌteit/ vt.毁坏,使荒芜,使震惊devastation /ˌdevəs'teiʃən/ n.破坏,劫掠device /di'vais/ n.装置,设备,策略,设计devoid of 没有Devour /di'vauə/ vt.吞食,毁灭,吞没diagonal /dai'ægənəl/ adj.对角线的,斜的,斜纹的 n.对角线,斜线,斜列diagonally /dai'ægənəli/ adv.斜对地,对角地diameter /dai'æmətə/ n.直径dictate /'dikˌteit,dik'teit/ vi.听写 vt.口授,规定n.命令,指挥,指令diction /'dikʃən/ n.措辞,发音differentiate /ˌdifə'renʃiˌeit/ vt.区分,使差异,求导数 vi.区别,产生差别,区别对待diffuse /di'fju:s,di'fju:z/ vt.扩散,散开,传播 vi.弥漫,扩散 adj.冗长的,四散的digest /dai'dʒest/ n.摘要 vt.消化,理解 vi.消化digression /dai'greʃən/ n.离题,脱轨dilution /dai'lju:ʃən/ n.稀释,冲淡,股票跌价diminish /də'miniʃ/ vt.减少,减损,贬低 vi.变少,逐渐变细dinosaur /'dainəˌsɔ:/ n.恐龙 n.(俚)过时、落伍的人或事物discard /'diskɑ:d,dis'kɑ:d/ vt.丢弃,抛弃 vi.丢牌n.丢牌,废牌discern /di'zə:n/ v.辨别,看出,察觉discharge /dis'tʃɑ:dʒ/ v.排出,释放,解雇,放电,解除,清偿债务 n.卸货,释放,发射,放电,准许离开,排出物discipline /'disəplin/ n.纪律,训练,学科 vt.训练,惩罚discouraging /dis'kə:idʒiŋ/ adj.令人气馁的动词discourage的现在分词形式discourse /'diskəurs,dis'kəurs/ n.谈话,演讲 vi.讲述,谈话 vt.叙述,讨论discrete /di'skri:t/ adj.不连续的,分离的disintegrate /dis'intəgreit/ vi.瓦解,崩溃 vt.使粉碎,使碎裂dispense /di'spens/ vt.分发,分配,免除,配(药)disperse /di'spə:s/ v.分散,散开disposal /di'spəuzəl/ n.处理,处置,布置disproportionate /ˌdisprə'pəurʃənit/ adj.不成比例的,不相称的disputes /di'spju:t/ v.争论,辩驳,争议,质疑 n.争论,争端,争吵disrepute /ˌdisri'pju:t/ n.声誉不好,声明狼藉disseminate /di'seməˌneit/ vt.散播,公开,宣传dissipate /'disəˌpeit/ v.驱散,使...消散,浪费dissolve /di'zɔlv/ vt.使溶解,解散,消除,解决(问题),使沮丧 vi.溶解,液化,消散,变得模糊 n.叠化画面distend /di'stend/ v.扩大,扩张,吹大distinct /di'stiŋkt/ adj.明显的,清晰的,不同的distinction /di'stiŋkʃən/ n.荣誉,差别,优秀,对比,区分distinctive /di'stiŋktiv/ adj.独特的distinctively /di'stiŋktivli/ adv.区别地,特殊地,有特色地distinctly /di'stiŋktli/ adv.清楚地,显然地,明显地distort /dis'tɔ:t/ vt.歪曲,扭曲,变形 vi.歪曲distract /di'strækt/ vt.分散,转移,分心,困扰distribute /di'stribju:t,di'stribjut/ v.分配,散发,分布distribution /ˌdistrə'bju:ʃən/ n.分布,分发,分配,散布,销售量diver /'daivə/ n.跳水者,潜水员divergence /dai'və:dʒəns/ n.分歧,背离,[数]散度diverse /dai'və:s/ adj.不同的,多种多样的diversification /daiˌvə:səfə'keiʃən/ n.多元化diversified /dai'və:səˌfaid/ adj.多样化的,多种多样的动词diversify的过去式和过去分词diversion /dai'vɚʒən/ n.转向,转移,娱乐活动,临时绕行diversity /dai'və:səti/ n.多样性,差异,分集documentation /ˌdɔkjəmen'teiʃən/ n.文件,证明文件,史实,[计]文件编制dogma /'dɔ:gmə/ n.教条,信条dolphin /'dɔlfin/ n.海豚domains /də'meinz/ n.领域,[计]域,域名名词domain 的复数形式domestic /də'mestik/ adj.家庭的,国内的,驯养的 n.佣人,家仆dominant /'dɔmənənt/ adj.主要的,占优势的,显性的 n.主宰者,显性基因7dormant /'dɔ:mənt/ adj.休眠的,睡眠的,静止的,潜伏的dorsal /'dɔ:səl/ adj.(动物）背的,背部的,背侧的=dossaldraft animal 役畜drain /drein/ v.排出,排干,喝光,耗尽 n.下水道,消耗dramatically /drə'mætikəli/ adv.戏剧地,引人注目地drawback /'drɔ:ˌbæk/ n.缺点,退税,退款,不利条件,弊drill /dril/ n.钻孔机,钻子,反复操练,播种机 v.练习,钻孔,(军事)训练drought /draut/ n.干旱ductile /'dʌktəl/ adj.易延展的,柔软的 adj.易教导的dump /dʌmp/ vt.倾倒,抛弃,倾销,抛售,倾卸,[计]转储vi.倾倒,突然落下 n.垃圾场,军需供应站durable /'djurəbəl/ adj.耐用持久的dwarf /dwɔ:f/ n.矮子,侏儒 vt.使矮小 vi.变小eccentricity /ˌeksen'trisəti/ n.古怪,古怪的行为,怪癖,离心率eclipse /i'klips/ n.日或月食,丧失,没落 vt.形成日或月食,使...黯然失色ecological /ˌekə'lɔdʒikəl/ adj.生态的,生态学的economize /i'kɔnəˌmaiz/ v.节约,节省,有效地利用=economise(英)ecosystem /'ekəuˌsistəm/ n.生态系统edentate /i'denˌteit/ adj.无齿的,贫齿类的 n.贫齿类edible /'edəbəl/ adj.可食用的 n.食品,食物edifice /'edəfis/ n.大厦,大建筑物educable /'edʒukəbəl/ adj.可教育的eject /i'dʒekt/ v.喷射,放逐,驱逐elaborate /i'læbəˌreit,i'læbərit/ adj.详尽的,复杂的,精心的,精美的 v.详细地说明,用心制作,推敲,变得复杂elaborately /i'læbəritli/ adv.苦心经营地,精巧地electron /i'lektrɔn/ n.电子elegance /'eləgəns/ n.高雅,典雅,优雅,简洁 n.雅致的物品elevation /ˌelə'veiʃən/ n.提升,海拔,高度,提高,立视图elicit /i'lisit/ vt.引出,诱出,探出eligible /'elidʒəbəl/ adj.有资格的,合适的eliminate /i'liməˌneit/ v.除去,剔除,忽略,淘汰elite /ei'li:t,i'li:t/ n.精英,精华elixir /i'liksə/ n.长生不老药,仙丹妙药elliptical /i'liptikəl/ adj.椭圆的,省略的,简要的elusive /i'lu:siv/ adj.难懂的,难捉摸的,难找的,逃避的embedded /im'bedid/ adj.植入的,嵌入的embellish /im'beliʃ/ v.美化、装饰或修饰,渲染或添枝加叶emboss /im'bɔ:s/ vt.加浮雕花纹于,使凸出,装饰embryological adj.胚胎学的emerge /i'mə:dʒ/ vi.浮现,(由某种状态)脱出,(事实)显现出来emerging /i'mə:dʒ/ vi.浮现,(由某种状态)脱出,(事实)显现出来emigrant /'eməgrənt/ n.移民,侨民 adj.移民的,移居的emission /i'miʃən/ n.散发,发行,排放emit /i'mit/ vt.发出,放射,吐露employ /im'plɔi/ v.雇佣,使用enactment /in'æktmənt/ n.（法律的）制定,法规enclosing /in'kləuz/ vt.圈起,围住,附上,封入encounter /in'kauntə/ n.意外的相见,邂逅,遭遇 v.遭遇,遇到,偶然碰到engrave /in'greiv/ v.雕刻,刻上,铭记engraving /in'greiviŋ/ n.雕刻,镌版术,雕版动词engrave的现在分词enormous /i'nɔ:məs/ adj.巨大的,庞大的entanglement /in'tæŋgəlmənt/ n.纠缠,牵累,铁丝网enterprise /'entəˌpraiz/ n.企业,事业,进取心,谋划enterprising /'entəˌpraiziŋ/ adj.有事业心的,有进取心的entity /'entəti/ n.实体,存在,本质entrepreneur /ˌɔntrəprə'nə:/ n.企业家,承包商,主办者enzyme /'enzaim/ n.酶epidermis /ˌepə'də:mis/ n.表皮,上皮epoch /'epək/ n.时期,时代,新纪元,划时代的大事,<地质>世equilibrium /ˌi:kwə'libriəm/ n.平衡,均衡,平静equivalent /i'kwivələnt/ adj.等价的,相等的 n.相等物erect /i'rekt/ vt.使竖立,建立,建造 adj.直立的,竖立的,笔直的erode /i'rəud/ vt.腐蚀,侵蚀 vi.受到侵蚀erosion /i'rəuʒən/ n.腐蚀,侵蚀eruption /i'rʌpʃən/ n.爆发,喷发,出疹,长牙eternal /i'tə:nəl/ adj.永久的,永恒的 n.永恒的事ethically /'eθikli/ adv.伦理(学)上ethnic /'eθnik/ adj.种族的,民族的,有民族特色的n.少数民族的一员evaporate /i'væpəˌreit/ v.蒸发,失去水分,消失eventful /i'ventfəl/ adj.变故多的,多事的,重要的evergreen /'evəˌgri:n/ adj.常绿的 n.常绿树,常绿植物 (复数）evergreens:常绿树枝条evident /'evədənt/ adj.明白的,明显的eviscerate /i'visəˌreit/ v.取出内脏,除去精华evoke /i'vəuk/ vt.唤起,引起evolution /ˌevə'lu:ʃən/ n.进化,发展,演变evolve /i'vɔlv/ v.进展,进化,形成exalted /ig'zɔ:ltid/ adj.尊贵的,高位的,高尚的动8词exalt的过去式和过去分词excavation /ˌekskə'veiʃən/ n.挖掘,发掘,挖掘的洞,发掘物exceed /ik'si:d/ vt.超过,超出 vi.领先excel /ik'sel/ vt.优于,超过 vi.胜出 n.[计]电子表格（软件名称）exceptional /ik'sepʃənəl/ adj.异常的,例外的,特别的,杰出的exceptionally /ik'sepʃənəli/ adv.例外地,格外地,特别地excess /ik'ses/ n.超过,过量,过剩 adj.过量的,额外的excessive /ik'sesiv/ adj.过分的,过多的exclusion /ik'sklu:ʒən/ n.排除,除外,逐出exclusive /ik'sklu:siv/ adj.排外的,独占的,唯一的,完整的,奢华的 n.独家新闻,独权execution /ˌeksi'kju:ʃən/ n.处决,执行,实施exempt /ig'zempt/ adj.免除的 vt.免除 n.免税者,被免除义务者exert /ig'zə:t/ vt.运用,施加exhale /eks'heil/ v.呼气,散发exhibition /ˌeksə'biʃən/ n.展览,展示exorbitant /ig'zɔ:bətənt/ adj.(价格等)过高的,过分的,不合法的expand /ik'spænd/ v.使...膨胀,详述,扩张,增加,张开expansion /ik'spænʃən/ n.膨胀,扩展,扩充expenditure /ik'spenditʃə/ n.开支,消耗expertise /ˌekspə'ti:z/ n.专门知识,专门技术,专家的意见explicit /ik'splisit/ adj.明确的,清晰的,清楚的,露骨的exploit /'eksplɔit,ik'splɔit/ vt.剥削,利用,开发,开拓 n.功绩,英勇行为exponential /ˌekspəu'nenʃəl/ adj.指数的,幂的express train n.特别快车expressive /ik'spresiv/ adj.表达的,意味深长的,富于表情的extend /ik'stend/ v.扩充,延伸,伸展,扩展extended /ik'stendid/ adj.长期的,广大的,伸展的动词extend的过去式及过去分词形式extensive /ik'stensiv/ adj.广泛的,广阔的,广大的,大量的external /ik'stə:nəl/ adj.外来的,外部的,外面的,表面的 n.外观,外部,外界事物extinct /ik'stiŋkt/ adj.灭绝的,熄灭的,消亡的extinction /ik'stiŋkʃən/ n.消失,消减,废止extract /'ekstrækt,ik'strækt/ vt.摘录,提取,拔出,榨出,选取 [计算机]提取 n.摘录,精华,榨出物fabric /'fæbrik/ n.结构,织物,构造facilitate /fə'siləˌteit/ vt.促进,帮助,使...容易facilitation /fəˌsilə'teiʃən/ n.简易化,促进facility /fə'siləti/ n.设备,设施,才能,资质,灵巧,熟练faction /'fækʃən/ n.内讧,小集团,派系斗争factor /'fæktə/ n.因素,因数,因子 vt.把...因素包括进去 vi.作为因素faculty /'fækəlti/ n.（大学的）系或院,全体教员,才能,能力fade /feid/ v.逐渐消失,褪色,凋谢 n.淡入,淡出famine /'fæmin/ n.饥荒,极度缺乏fanatical /fə'nætəkəl/ adj.狂热的fascination /ˌfæsən'eiʃən/ n.魔力,魅力fashionable /'fæʃənəbəl/ adj.流行的,时髦的fatal /'feitəl/ adj.致命的,毁灭性的,决定性的fatigue /fə'ti:g/ n.疲劳,疲乏,劳务杂役 v.（使）疲劳 adj.疲劳的faucet /'fɔ:sit/ n.水龙头fauna /'fɔ:nə/ n.（某地区或某时期的）所有动物feasible /'fi:zəbəl/ adj.可行的,可能的feat /fi:t/ n.技艺,功绩,技艺表演feed on 用...喂养,靠吃...过活,以...为能源fencing /'fensiŋ/ n.围墙,剑术,栅栏动词fence的现在分词fend /fend/ v.照料,挡开,[英口]供养fertile /'fə:təl/ adj.肥沃的,富饶的,能繁殖的,多产的,（创造力）丰富的fertilize /'fə:təlˌaiz/ v.施肥,使丰饶festival /'festəvəl/ adj.节日的,喜庆的 n.节日,欢宴,庆祝及祭祀feverishly /'fi:vəˌriʃli/ adv.兴奋地,发热地fiber /'faibə/ n.纤维(物质),性格,质地fiction /'fikʃən/ n.小说,虚构,杜撰fidelity /fi'deləti/ n.忠实,忠诚,准确性,保真度field research n.实际教学,现场调查研究figurehead /'figjəˌhed/ n.装饰船头的人像,傀儡领袖file /fail/ n.档案,卷宗,文件 vt.把...归档,提出(申请书、议案等)fir /fə:/ n.枞树,枞木,冷杉flair /flɛə/ n.天赋,才华,鉴别力flake /fleik/ n.薄片,小片,火花 v.剥落flea /fli:/ n.跳蚤fleeting /'fli:tiŋ/ adj.飞逝的(疾驰的,短暂的,急走的) 动词fleet的现在分词形式flexibility /ˌfleksə'biləti/ n.灵活性,柔韧性,适应性flexible /'fleksəbəl/ adj.柔韧的,灵活的,易弯曲的,可变通的float /fləut/ v.漂浮,浮现,飘动,提出 n.浮标,漂浮物,漂浮flock /flɔk/ n.一群,兽群,大堆,群众,羊群 v.聚集,成群而行flock to NotFoundfluctuation /ˌflʌktʃu'eiʃən/ n.波动,起伏9。
托福核心词汇21天
托福核心词汇21天托福核心词汇21天-李笑来(打印版)abandon accumulate adverse amazing approve assemble avid barter biography boulder bulb can casualty chance civilian conceive consecutive convention crab curriculum defend detect discipline divert dynamic emanate entail etchv 扔弃(地位等),离弃(家园) v 积累，存储 a 逆的，相反的，不利的，有害的 a 令人惊异的 v 批准，认可；赞成，满意 1 v 集合；聚集 2 v 装配 a 渴望的；贪婪的 n 物物交换，换货，实物交易 n 传，传记 n 圆石，卵石；冰砾 1 n 球根；鳞茎，球状物 2 n 灯泡 n 罐头 v 制罐头 n 伤亡(人数);事故，横祸 n 偶然；运气，命运 n 市民，平民 v 怀(胎);想到，构想(计划等) a 连续的 1 n 习俗，惯例 2 n 会议 n 蟹 n ([pl]curriculums,curricula)课程 v 保卫 (国家等) 防御， ; 防守，保护……使免于(from,against) v 发觉，发现；检定n 学科 v 使转向，使转移(from,to);使消遣，使解闷，使娱乐 a 动(态)的；有生气的 v (光、气体等) 发出，发散， (from) 发射 n v 使蒙受，使产生，带来 n v 蚀刻，浸蚀exploit fantasyv 利用，开发 n v 空想，幻想 1 n (鸟、昆虫)翼； (鱼)鳃盖； (狗等)下垂的长耳；(菌类)张开的伞 2 v 拍动 1 n 草料；饲料 2 v 觅食 n 燃料，柴炭v (给……)加油 n (文艺作品的)类型，(诗、剧、小说、散文的)体裁 n 倾斜度，坡度，梯度，陡度 v (hung,hanged)悬挂，垂吊(to; on;from) n 草，草本植物 a n 家庭(的),一家(的) v 想象，猜想，推测 n 刺激；鼓励；动机 a 刺激性的，鼓励性质的 1 a 最初的，开始的 2 n 词首字母，词首大写字母 n v 侮辱，凌辱 v 侵入，侵略 n 日记，日志，航海日记 n 车床，镟床 n 图书馆长，图书管理员 1 n 原木，圆木，干材 v (把树)砍倒，锯成圆材；拖(木头) 2 v 航行；飞行；以……的时速飞行 (航行) v 扩大，放大；夸张，夸大 v 相称，相适合，相配；结合 n 陨星，陨石 n 使命，任务，天职 v 给……交待任务；派遣 a n 马赛克(的),镶嵌细工(的), 拼花艺术(的),拼花图样(的),拼flapforage fuel genre gradient hang herb household imagine incentive initial insult invade journal lathe librarianlogmagnify match meteorite missionmosaic。
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托福词汇之“deadlock 僵局”
日本现任首相福田康夫9月1日晚临时发表电视讲话，宣布辞去首相职务。
福田在记者会上表示自己决定辞职是基于对未来政治环境的考量，他认为自己应该做出这个决定，希望能打破日本目前面临的政治僵局。
请看外电的报道：
Japanese Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda resigned on Monday in an effort to break a political deadlock, becoming the second Japanese leader to resign abruptly in less than a year.
日本首相福田康夫于本周一宣布辞职以期打破目前的政治僵局，他由此成为一年内第二位突然辞职的日本首相。
上述报道中，political deadlock 就是“政治僵局”的英文表达，deadlock 指的是a situation in which no progress can be made or no advancement is possible ，即“僵局”;那么“打破僵局”就要用break a deadlock 来表示，而“陷入僵局”则用reach a deadlock 表示。