语法 pronouns
语法的的名词解释
语法的的名词解释语法的名词解释引言：语法是一门研究语言组织和结构的学科，它涉及词汇、句法、语义以及语用等多个方面。
在语法的研究中，有许多术语和概念，本文将对其中几个重要的名词进行解释与探讨。
一. 词类 (Parts of Speech)在语法中，词类即词汇按其性质和特点划分的类别。
常见的词类有名词（nouns）、动词（verbs）、形容词（adjectives）、副词（adverbs）、代词（pronouns）、冠词（articles）、介词（prepositions）和连词（conjunctions）等。
每个词类都有其独特的词法和语法特点。
例如，名词可以表示人、事物、抽象概念等，动词用于表示动作、状态或存在等等。
二. 名词性从句 (Noun Clauses)名词性从句是一种在句子中充当名词的从句。
它可以作为主语、宾语、表语或同位语等。
名词性从句由引导词引导，常见的引导词包括连词that、wh-词（如what、who、why等）、whether和if等。
例如，在句子 "I don't know what she wants."中，名词性从句 "what she wants"作为动词know的宾语，起到名词的作用。
三. 时态 (Tense)时态是用来表达动作或状态在时间上的位置或情况的一种语法范畴。
在英语中，常见的时态包括过去时（past tense）、现在时（present tense）和将来时（future tense）等。
每种时态都有对应的助动词或变化规则。
时态的使用对于准确表达过去、现在和将来的意思至关重要。
四. 语态 (Voice)语态是用来表示动作或状态与主语之间关系的一种语法现象。
在英语中，常见的语态有主动语态（active voice）和被动语态（passive voice）。
在主动语态中，主语是动作的执行者，而在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者。
大学英语语法总结(全面)
大学英语语法总结(全面)大学英语语法总结(全面完整版)1. 介词(Prepositions)- 表示地点：at, in, on- 表示时间：at, in, on- 表示方式：by, with- 表示原因：because of, due to- 表示目的：for, to2. 冠词(Articles)- 定冠词：the- 不定冠词：a, an3. 代词(Pronouns)- 主格代词：I, you, he, she, it, we, they- 宾格代词：me, you, him, her, it, us, them- 所有格代词：my, your, his, her, its, our, their- 反身代词：myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, themselves4. 名词(Nouns)- 单数名词：book, chair, dog- 复数名词：books, chairs, dogs- 不可数名词：water, money, information5. 动词(Verbs)- 一般现在时：I walk, you walk, he/she/it walks, we walk, they walk- 一般过去时：I walked, you walked, he/she/it walked, we walked, they walked- 现在进行时：I am walking, you are walking, he/she/it is walking, we are walking, they are walking- 过去进行时：I was walking, you were walking, he/she/it was walking, we were walking, they were walking- 一般将来时：I will walk, you will walk, he/she/it will walk, we will walk, they will walk6. 形容词(Adjectives)- 描述名词特征：big, small, tall- 比较级：bigger, smaller, taller- 最高级：biggest, smallest, tallest7. 副词(Adverbs)- 表示方式：quickly, slowly- 表示程度：very, extremely- 表示时间：now, yesterday8. 连词(Conjunctions)- 表并列：and, or- 表递进：furthermore, moreover- 表转折：however, but- 表原因：because, since以上是大学英语语法的简要总结，希望对你有帮助。
新编英语语法教程Pronouns
Personal pronouns:
I/ me, we/ us, you, he/ him, she/ her, it,
they/ them
Possessive pronouns:
my/ mine, our/ ours, you/ yours, his/
his, her/ hers, its/ its, their/ theirs
subjective case -------subject position objective case ------ other positions
2. minor sentence 3. everybody/ nobody + but/ except +
pronouns
Informality
Reflexive pronouns:
Reciprocal pronouns:
each other(‘s), one another(‘s)
Demonstrative pronouns:
this, that, these, those, it, such, same
This book is yours, and that is mine.
other night.
Concord in number
NUMBER: Antecedent: everyone, anyone, everybody,
anybody, no one, nobody, someone, somebody Pronoun?
The cast is giving ___ (its, their) bester, either.
I have do much work this morning.
英语语法讲解-代词
2) 先行项为某些并列结构时代词的选择： 根据该并列结构的单、复数意义来决定代词以 及相应限定词的单、复数形式： My friend and roommate has agreed to lend me his car. My friend and my roommate have agreed to lend me their cars.
代词及其先行项的“性”的一致： 阳性masculine gender—man, father, son, husband 阴性feminine gender—woman, mother, daughter, wife 中性neutral gender—book, desk, ship, car 通性common gender—student, teacher, doctor, infant 现代英语的代词体系包含了“性”的标记：单 数第三人称代词、物主代词、反身代词以及相 应的限定词。使用时要与先行项保持“性”的 一致。
注意： 1. 先行项为every-, some-等复合词时代词的选择： 1) 当先行词为 everyone, everybody, no one, nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody 等复合词时，代词及相应的限定词通常按照语法一致原则用单数形式。 Anybody can attend the meeting if he is interested. Everybody talked at the top of his voice. If anyone calls, tell him I’ll be back later. 但是，非正式语体中，也可以根据意义一致的原则，用复数代词： Someone left their umbrella behind yesterday. Would they please collect it from the office? If anybody wants to give their name for the trip to Scotland, will they please do it before lunchtime? No one could have blamed themselves for that. 尤其当先行项为everybody, everyone时，其后用复数代词还比较自然。 Everyone was clapping their hands. Did everybody leave the dance early because they weren’t enjoying themselves? 当先行项为everything, anything, something, nothing时，随后的代词以及相应的 限定词一般只按语法一致原则用单数形式： Anything on the table can be thrown away, can’t it?
语法教程--Pronouns,代词
c. some common gender nouns such as “baby, infant, and child” may be referred to either by a personal or by a non-personal pronoun. If we do not know or interested in the sex, we can use “it”. If we are aware of the sex, we can use “he” or “she”. E.g.
★ Anybody can attend the meeting if he is interested. ★ Everybody talked at the top of his voice. ★ Everyone was clapping their hands.
b. As to “everything, something, anything and nothing”, the pronoun and corresponding determiner can only take the singular form. E.g. ★ Anything on the table can be thrown away, can’t it? 2. Pronoun concord with coordinate construction as antecedent. When the antecedent is a coordinate construction, the number forms of the pronoun and corresponding determiner are generally determined by the plural or singular meaning of the construction. E.g. ★ My friend and roommate has agreed to lend me his car.
大学语法之---pronouns
Lecture Four Pronouns1 Personal pronouns1.1 case1.2 agreement of pronouns with their antecedents: number agreement; gender agreement; singular or plural agreement; human or non-human agreement1.3 special use of “it”1.3.1 特殊代词用法it 指人主要用于指不性别不明的婴儿或用于确认某人的身份。
如：Is it a boy or a girl? 是男孩还是女孩?There is a knock on the door. It must be the postman. 有人在敲门，一定是邮递员。
it 作非人称代词的用法，主要用于指时间、距离、价值、天气、气候及温度等自然现象。
It’s too late to go there now. 现在去那儿已经太迟了。
It rained all day yesterday. 昨天下了一天的雨。
It can get very hot here. 这里有时会很热。
It’s time for sth. 该做某事了。
It’s time to do sth. 该做某事的时候了。
It’s + 时间段+ since-从句. 自从……有一段时间了。
It’s + 时间段+ before-从句. 过多长的时间才……The last train has gone. We’ll foot it.We hotfooted it down to the beach.1.3.2 形式主语当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时，避免头重脚轻，通常在句首使用形式主语it，而把真正的主语放在句子末尾：Is it necessary to tell his father everything?It’s no good sitting up too late.It’s hard work climbing mountains.It is quite clear that he has read the book.It doesn’t matter what he says.It’s unknown when he will come.It seems that he knows everything.It (so) happened that I had no money with me.1.3.3 形式宾语当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语移至句末，其基本结构为“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式(动名词或从句)”：I find it difficult to do the job well.I think it best that you should stay here.We think it no use complaining.通常意义的形式宾语主要见于真正宾语为不定式、动名词、从句等且其后跟有宾语补足语时的情形，即用于“动词+it+宾语补足语+真正的宾语”这样的结构，但以下几类形式宾语却比较特殊，其后没有宾语补足语。
语法基础关系代词的选择和使用
语法基础关系代词的选择和使用语法基础：关系代词的选择和使用在英语语法中，关系代词（relative pronouns）起到连接从句和主句的作用。
选择合适的关系代词对于句子的结构和意义非常重要。
本文将介绍关系代词的分类、用法以及注意事项。
一、关系代词的分类关系代词可分为三类：主格关系代词、宾格关系代词和所有格关系代词。
1. 主格关系代词主格关系代词用于代替主句中的主语，包括who和that。
例如：- The girl who is sitting next to me is my sister.（坐在我旁边的那个女孩是我姐姐。
）- The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.（我从图书馆借的那本书很有趣。
）2. 宾格关系代词宾格关系代词用于代替主句中的宾语，包括whom和that。
例如：- The woman whom I met yesterday is a famous actress.（我昨天遇到的那个女人是一位著名的演员。
）- I saw the car that he bought last week.（我看到了他上周买的那辆车。
）3. 所有格关系代词所有格关系代词用于代替主句中的所有格，包括whose。
例如：- The student whose bag was stolen reported the incident to the teacher.（那个书包被偷的学生向老师报告了这一事件。
）- I visited my friend yesterday, whose parents are both doctors.（我昨天去拜访了我的朋友，他的父母都是医生。
）二、关系代词的使用1. 选择主格关系代词当先行词是人时，常使用who来引导从句，而当先行词是物时，则使用that。
例如：- The man who is wearing a hat is my neighbor.（戴帽子的那个男人是我的邻居。
英语语法教程Pronouns
1. Just between you and I, me that man is crazy.
2. The petition was drafted by Nelson, Wright, and I, me .
hiding ___ among a flock of ship. As soon as the plane had hopped off, ___ picked up
speed. China is my motherland. __ has experienced huge
changes during the past decades.
PRONOUNS
1. classification 2. concord 3. case forms 4. reflexive pronouns
Pronoun
pro a. supporting or approving of something. b. doing something instead of someone.
neither, either.
I have do much work this morning.
He has done much for his wife.
Concord
ANTECEDENT a word, phrase or sentence that is represented by
Pronouns are words used instead of nouns, thus have nominal functions.
Classification
personal, possessive, reflexive, reciprocal, demonstrative, interrogative, relative, indefinite pronouns.
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my friend and roommate指同一个人，即是我的同学 又是我的室友。 my friend and my roommate 是指两个不同的人，一 个是我的同学，一个是我的室友。
YOUR TOPIC GOES HERE
❤ 其他类似的结构还有：
Bread and butter （黄油面包） cup and saucer（杯子和碟子） Bag and baggage（提包和行李，全部财务） bow and arrow（弓箭） Crack and roar（咆哮） bucket and spade（捅和锹） Wife and children（妻儿） ham and egg（火腿鸡蛋） Hill and dale（山谷） horse and cart（马车） Hammer and sickle（锤子镰刀） knife and pork（刀叉）
Exercise
1. If anybody calls,tell (him,them) I'm out. him/them (informal) 2.Everyone thinks（he is, they are）the centre of the universe. he is/they are(informal) 3.Every passenger has to carry(his,their) own luggage. his/their (informal) 4.On the Boy Scout hike(童子军远足） everybody was told by the scoutmaster to bring (his,their) own drinking water. his/their (informal)
④ Pronoun concord with "plural noun/pronoun+each"as antecedent
When the subject of a sentence is a construction of"plural noun/pronoun+each",the choice of the number forms of the pronoun and corresponding determiner depends on the position of the appositive each:if the appositive occurs before the verb,the following pronoun and corresponding determiner take the plural form;if,on the other hand,the appositive appears after the verb,the ronoun and corresponding determiner take the singular form
Exercise
1. That cast is giving (its,their) best performance tonight. its 2.Most mystery stories don't end the way you expect (it,them) to. them 3.Hawaii is also known for the many beautiful islands (it has,they have). it has 4.Because the United States uses more oil than (it,they)can produce,(it has to,they have to) import great quantities from other countries. it , it has to
YOUR TOPIC GOES HERE
But in informal style,they can follow the principle of notional concord and take the plural form,especially when the antecedent is everybody or everyone. Note that with everything,something,anything and nothing,the pronoun and corresponding determiner can only take the singular form. Compare:
YOUR TOPIC GOES HERE
❤ 类似的集体名词还有 class, family, police, people, crowd, couple, union, congress等。 eg: The family is leading its way to Netherlands. My family are taking our breakfast.
2.Pronoun concord in gender
2.1Pronoun concord with male/female noun as antecedent 2.2Pronoun concord with common gender noun as antecedent 2.3Pronoun concord with neutral gender noun as antecedent
Introduction
Pronouns are varied closed-class words with nominal function.English has a developed pronoun system,comprising • 人称代词（Personal Pronoun） • 物主代词（Possessive Pronoun） • 反身代词（Reflexive Pronoun） • 相互代词（Reciprocal Pronoun） • 指示代词（Demonstrative Pronoun） • 疑问代词（Interrogative Pronoun） • 关系代词（Relative Pronoun） • 不定代词（Indefinite Pronoun） The present lecture will deal with the concord of pronouns(and corresponding determiners)with their antecedents in number,gender and person.
③ Pronoun concord with collective noun as antecedent
When the antecedent is a collective noun,the choice of the number forms of the pronoun and corresponding determiner depends on the meaning of the collective noun in the context,eg: a. The team has won its first game b.The team are now on the floor taking their practice shots at the basket. 第一句中team作为一个整体，赢得了第一名。 第二句中，team代表的是队伍中的每个队员。
eg: Anybody can attend the meeting if he is interested. Everybody talked at the top of his voice.
Exercise
1. Somebody left (his,their) raincoat on this rack;(he,they)wil have to come and get it. his,he 2.Something strange happened,didn't (it,they)? it 3.Everything is ready,(isn't it,aren't they)? isn't it
Lecture 8 Pronouns(1)
1.Pronoun concord in number
1.1Pronoun concord with every-,some-,any-compounds as antecedent 1.2 Pronoun concord with coordinate cnstruction as antecedent 1.3 Pronoun concord with collective noun as antecedent Pronoun concord with "plural noun/pronoun+each"as antecedent 1.4 Pronoun concord with "plural noun/pronoun+each"as antecedent
② Pronoun concord with coordinate cnstruction as antecedent
When the antecedent is a coordinate construction,the number forms of the pronoun and corresponding determiner are generally determined by the plural or singular meaning of the coordination,eg: a. My friend and roommate has agreed to lend me his car. b.My friend and my roommate have agreed to lend me their cars.