第十九讲 高中英语语法 高考短文改错解题技巧小结与练习

短文改错题答题技巧短文改错题检测考生发现、判断、纠正文章错误的能力.进而考察学生的词法、句法及行文逻辑等方面的水平，考察学生在语篇中综合运用英语的能力考生英语水平的高低完全可以从这一题型体现出来然而很多考生对该题感到束手无策.关键在于找不到错误、不会找错误。

那么怎样找错误、发现错误就成了解题的关键。

短文改错解题思路和检查原则：按句划分，逐句检查；从句先看关系再逐句检查1.句中各部分的结构是否完整，特别是每个句子要有动词;2. 谓语动词的时态、语态;3. 非谓语动词的用法;4. 名词的单、复数，格的使用是否正确;5. 定冠词和不定冠词是否正确;6. 代词的格和性的使用是否有误;7. 定语从句中关系代词、副词是否准确无误;8.并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的从属连词用的是否得当。

9.介词的单独使用或和动词的习惯搭配是否得当或缺少注意：1. 必须熟悉设错方式：多词、少词、错词。

⑴多词现象大多出现在冠词、介词、助动词、连词、语义重复及行文逻辑等方面。

⑵少词现象主要出现在冠词、介词、副词、助动词、不定式符号to、连词等。

⑶错词现象主要在冠词、介词、名词单复数、动词时态、非谓语动词、主谓一致、代词、连词、词形。

1.核对错项时，若的确有一时难以改出的地方，可以参考所改动项是否基本符合“1：1：8”的比例。

即多一词1个，缺词1个，错词8个。

2.核对改正的语法项目是否有重复。

因为短文改错往往覆盖面广，一般不会出现重复考查某个语法点的现象。

3.核对答题符号是否规范，位置是否准确，看看有无遗漏符号，忽略字母大小写和拼写等问题。

短文改错常见错误类型：1. 谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点，常见动词错误类型有①一般现在时与一般过去时错用②and前后动词时态不一致; ③主谓不一致;④缺少动词,特别是be动词; ⑤第三人称单数形式错用; ⑥主动语态和被动语态错用。

1. They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies. (did 改为do，错误类型属于①)2. As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. (visiting 改为visited, 错误类型属于②)3. There will an important game next month. (will后加be,错误类型属于④) One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out. ( was 改为were，错误类型属于③)2. 名词的常见错误：单复数名词错用，可数名词与不可数名词错用。

1. I’ll get good marks in all my subject. (subject改为subjects)2. Their word were a great encouragement to me.(word改为words)3. Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well.(knowledges改为knowledge)3. 连词错误连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and/ or/but等。

关于连词，一般考查从句关who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。

1. I have a good friend who’s name is Liu Mei. (错用了who的所有格形式，改为whose)2. I teach them, play with them, but watch them growing up.(此处应该是并列的关系而非转折，but改为and) Clever as she is, but she works very hard.(as意为“尽管”，不能再跟but连用，所以去掉but) 4. 冠词错误：1. 误用a和an(根据单词的第一个音素来判定);2. 误用a/an和the(固定搭配，或泛指、特指;多冠词或少冠词)A. We maybe one family and live under a same roof. (a 改为the，the same 是固定搭配)B. As everyone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds of pants. (mountain是可数名词需用冠词，所以其前加a)C. I hope you have pleasant journey.(journey是可数名词，故have后加a)5. 形容词和副词错误：系动词后用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词smell/feel);词性的误用(形容词修饰名词;副词修饰动词、形容词)。

1）I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (time是名词所以要用形容词wonderful修饰) 2)My pronunciation was terribly.(was后用形容词，terribly改为terrible.)6. 代词错误：代词的主格和宾格(I / me; he/him; she/ her; we/ us they/ them )错误;反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用错误;代词的单数和复数使用错误;代词指代错误;多代词或少代词。

1) Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English. (me 改为myself)2) One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.(to前加it)3) If anyone of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other would help him out. (other后加s)4) What’s more, you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him. (him改为them)7. 非谓语动词的常见错误：不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时;and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致(尤其距离较远时);介词后用动名词形式作宾语;某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。

1. Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper. (enjoy 后需接动名词，talk改为talking)2. But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports.(go作主语,应改为going)3. Children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves. (介词后用动名词形式作宾语，read改为reading)4. I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees. (and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致，故saw改为seeing)8. 介词错误：词组中的介词误用;介词意思理解偏差;介词的多用或少用1. There are too many people among my family. (among改为in，in my family 为固定搭配)2. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. (去掉at, the moment 引导从句)单句改错.(下列句子各有一处错误，请改正)1. Now people get a lot of informations from TV.2. German is a European country.3. They didn’t want me to do any work at family.4. Yesterday I met an old friend of my father.5. Boys and girls, don’t lose hearts. Do better next time.6. They are of different size.7. It is so beautiful place that you must visit it.8. What a terrible weather we have been having!9. It took place in France, an European country.10. Suddenly I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd.11. What good time we had last night!12. We shall spend three-day holiday together.13. I came to understand that was not easy to earn money.14. Some parents think useless for girls to go to school.15. When he bought a chocolate cake, he put them in a secret place.16. One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.17. It’s important that we should think over befo re doing anything.18. The truck was moving so fast that the driver couldn’t control.19. I apologized and controlled me at my best till the dinner started.20. We must take part in the social practice to prepare us well for our future.21. The teacher did not punish for cheating but instead gave me a second chance.22. Henry did not like his car, that ran badly and often broke down.23. There was a five-pound note in the pocket of the trousers I had told her to wash it.24. People can hardly do some fishing there.25. I visited a place where is surrounded by mountains.26. I am sure you will find one you like it.27. It was yesterday when he broke the window.28. He had lost his glasses without them he couldn’t see.29. Oliver Twist, the hero of the story, he was an orphan.30. It starts with choosing a tree from neither a farm or a store.31. She never has enough time for that she wants to do.32. I find what I have one shortcoming in my character.33. What necessary it is that we get rid of the bad habits .34. It didn’t matter that I would win or not.35. People in the US drink more coffee than people in any country.36. The development will bring us much more hopes and chances.37. The Olympics are held each four years.38. A summer, Frank traveled abroad.39. I hope you think about my request as soon as possibly.40. I know you are particular interested in Human Rights.41. As there is no air or water, there can be no life , too.42. There were too many nice things that I didn’t know what to choose.43. He decides to travel a lot and visit such many new places as possible.44. I couldn’t see as clear as before.45. The water in it is so dirty that it smells terribly.46. I appreciate your help very well.47. You always gave me specially attention and inspired me.48. It was until midnight that it stopped raining.49. People both at home and abroad have been great helped by the new computer.50. He has to work if he wants to live comfortable.51. She is a brave and honesty girl.52. It is much easy to make plans than to carry them out.53. It is convenient for me to prepare for the exam than before.54. He gave me an order worthy 15 million dollars.55. The tree was put into a Christmas stand that holds the tree up straightly.56. Is teaching kids English as interested as you expected in college?57. We had guests last night who had not stayed in it ago.58. We are all very much active and the activities are enjoyable.59. If you won’t want to take a taxi, you can go by bus.60. Our city is a modern city. It set up in the early 1980s.61. Bad habits not come suddenly.62. I have caught a bad cold for a week and I can’t get rid of it.63. Following the road and you will find the store.64. I rush over without delay, jumped into the water and swam towards him.65. You must do everything you can help them.66. When a rabbit see something dangerous, it runs away.67. Its tail, which is white, moving up and down as it runs.68. Think perhaps I was too tired, I stood up and was going to sleep.69. I was often tired and watch TV demands little effort.70. The little girl hurried home with the remained money.71. His young patient was soon able to get up and ran about again.72. It was kind of them to meet me at the station and drove me to their home.73. She liked it very much and reads it to the class.74. There were over 1000 students attend it.75. Is it likely to be any food at the party on Saturday?76. Please excuse us for not able to say goodbye to you.77. He spends hours on the telephone, talks to his friends.78. Filling with many people, the room is crowded.79. At the interview there are many people who wait to interviewed for jobs.80. It will cost a rocket a hundred thousand years to reach it.81. There used to have a church in front of the school.82. Hope you great success in your work!83. All you can do is encouraging him, show him understanding and offer him advice.84. In Friday afternoon, some students took part in a speech activity.85. In a few weeks the story was returned to her.86. It was very fine when I got up early on last Sunday morning.87. I rushed out the house as quickly as I could.88. It is necessary to decide what is worth taking notice.89. I had difficulty in grammar after I entered into the school.90. She could hardly afford for the medical care.91. But we don’t seem to have much time to talk about together.92. He was punished because what he had done.93. The ice isn’t thick enough for us to skate.94. I gave you my luggage at a quarter of an hour ago.95. I am writing to thank you with your kind help.96. He means to come no earlier as that time.97. We must return back to school this afternoon98. Child as he is, but he knows a lot.99. Having been ill for a long time, so she fell behind her classmates.100. Thinking he happened to have no work to do, and he came back home.第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）(2018 I 卷)During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earnedquite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）(2018 II 卷)When I was little, Friday’s night was our family game night. After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room. As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain. Still I unwilling to play the games for them sometimes. I didn’t realize how right my parents are until I entered high school. The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）(2018 III 卷)It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin. Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud. Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious. I had done myself homework, but I was shy. I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of people. At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistake as well.” Immediate, I raised my hand.Answers1-5 informations -information; German-Germany; family-home; father-father’s; hearts-heart;6-10 size-sizes; a place; 删除a; an-a; 删除a11-15 a good time; a three-day; that后加it; think后加it; them-it;16-20 showed后加it; think后加it; control后加it; me-myself; us-ourselves;21-25 punish后加me; that-which; 删除it; some-any; where-which;26-30删除it; when-that; them-which; 删除he; neither-either;31-35 that-what; what-that; What-How; that-whether; any后加other;36-40 much-many; each-every; A-One; possibly-possible; particular-particularly;41-45 too-either; too-so; such-as; clear-clearly; terribly-terrible;46-50 well-much; specially-special; was后加not; great-greatly; comfortable-comfortably;51-55 honesty-honest; easy-easier; is后加more; worthy-worth; straightly-straight;56-60 interested-interesting; ago-before; 删除much; won’t-don’t; It后加was;61-65 habits后加do; caught-had Following-Follow; rush-rushed; can后加to;66-70 see-sees; moving-moves; think-Thinking; watch-watching; remained-remaining;71-75 ran-run; drove-drive; reads-read; attend-attending; it-there;76-80 not后加being; talks-talking; Filling-Filled; to后加be; cost-take;81-85 have-be; Hope-Wish; encouraging-encourage; In-On; In-After;86-90 删除on; out后加of notice后加of; 删除into; 删除for91-95 删除about; because后加of; skate后加on; 删除at; with-for;96-100 as-than; 删除back; 删除but; 删除so; 删除and;短文改错：I 1. went to后加the 2. find改为found 3.another 改为other 4.here改为there5.chicken 改为chickens6. which前加in 或将which 改为where7.sell改为selling8.happily 改为happy9. for 去掉10. but 改为andII 1. Friday’s 改为Friday 2. sort 改为sorts 3.the 改为a 4. watching 改为watch5.to去掉 改为me7. unwilling前加was8. for 改为with9. are 改为were10. where 改为whenIII 1. begin 改为begun 2.wait 改为waiting 3.and 改为or 4.eager 后加to5. myself 改为my或the6. that 去掉rger 改为large8.include 改为includes9. mistake 改为mistakes 10. Immediate改为Immediately。