定语从句的用法详解

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英语中定语从句的用法

英语中定语从句的用法

定语从句是一种英语语法结构,用于修饰名词或代词,说明其性质或特征。

以下是定语从句的主要用法:
1. 引导词:定语从句由引导词引导,常用的引导词有that、which、who、whose、whom、where、why等。

2. 关系词:关系词在定语从句中作为替代词,代表被修饰的名词或代词。

关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词有who、whom、whose、that、which等,关系副词有where、why、how等。

3. 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句:限定性定语从句对所修饰的名词或代词进行限定,使句子意思更加明确。

而非限定性定语从句则是对所修饰的名词或代词作进一步的描述或解释,通常用逗号与主句隔开。

4. 介词+关系代词:在定语从句中,介词+关系代词的结构常常引导定语从句。

常用的介词有in、on、by、to等。

5. 省略引导词:在口语和书面语中,有时可以省略引导词。

但在正式文体中,通常需要保留引导词。

总的来说,定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要组成部分,它可以增强句子的表达效果和准确性。

在使用定语从句时,需要注意语法规则和表达习惯,以确保句子通顺、流畅。

英语中的定语从句用法

英语中的定语从句用法

英语中的定语从句用法定语从句是英语中非常重要的一种句子结构,它能够为主句提供更多的信息,使句子更加丰富和准确。

在学习和运用定语从句时,我们需要掌握一些基本的用法和注意事项。

一、定语从句的引导词定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导。

关系代词包括that, which, who, whom, whose等,而关系副词则包括where, when, why等。

在选择引导词时,我们需要根据引导词在定语从句中的作用来决定。

1. 当引导词在定语从句中作主语时,我们可以使用关系代词who, which或that。

例如:The girl who is standing over there is my sister.(那个站在那边的女孩是我妹妹。

)2. 当引导词在定语从句中作宾语时,我们可以使用关系代词whom, which或that。

例如:I have a friend whom I can always rely on.(我有一个朋友,我总是可以依靠他。

)3. 当引导词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,我们可以使用关系代词whom, which或关系副词where, when等。

例如:This is the hotel where we stayed last summer.(这是我们去年夏天住过的酒店。

)二、定语从句的位置定语从句可以出现在主句的前面或后面,具体位置取决于定语从句的内容和语境。

当定语从句的内容对于理解主句非常重要时,我们通常将其放在主句的后面。

例如:I bought a book that was recommended by my teacher.(我买了一本被我的老师推荐的书。

)另外,当定语从句的内容对于理解主句并不是非常重要时,我们通常将其放在主句的前面,并用逗号与主句隔开。

例如:The weather being fine, we decided to go for a picnic.(天气很好,我们决定去野餐。

定语从句的用法

定语从句的用法

定语从句的用法一、定语从句1、定义定语从句(Attributive Clause)是一个附加于名词或代词之上的句子,它用来形容前面的名词或代词。

它的作用是限定或说明某个名词或代词所指的人或事物,是一种非常重要的句子结构。

2、关系词在定语从句中,关系词(Relative Pronoun)的作用是连接主句和定语从句,并将定语从句中的成分与主句中的某个成分联系起来。

一般而言,我们常用关系代词who, whom, whose, which和that来引出定语从句。

关系代词who 指人whom 指人whose 指人或物which 指物that 指人、物或事3、定语从句的构成(1)定语从句通常由关系代词在定语从句中引出关系,并在从句中担任某一成份的角色;(2)定语从句的谓语动词也可由一些连接词(link verb)连接,如be, feel, look, seem, smell, taste, remain,常用于定语从句中;(3)定语从句中如果省略结构,就不能用who/whom来引导定语从句;(4)定语从句中由关系副词引导而不是关系代词。

4、定语从句的用法(1)定语从句可以用来限定、修饰某个名词或代词,例如:The movie《Titanic》, which was released in1997, is still popular today.(《泰坦尼克号》,1997年上映,至今仍颇受欢迎。

)(2)定语从句可以用来替代某个句子中的某个成分,如:My sister, who lives in Beijing, is a doctor.(我在北京居住的姐姐是一位医生。

)(3)定语从句可以用来表示地点,例如:She lives in a small village where there are few people.(她住在一个人很少的小村庄里。

)(4)定语从句可以用来表示时间,例如:He was born in 1992 when the economy began to boom.(他出生在1992年,那时经济开始繁荣。

定语从句 定语从句的构成和用法

定语从句 定语从句的构成和用法

定语从句定语从句的构成和用法定语从句是英语中常见的修饰成分,它能够用来对名词或代词进行进一步的修饰和说明。

定语从句的构成和用法是学习英语语法中的重点内容之一。

本文将介绍定语从句的构成以及常见的用法。

一、定语从句的构成定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导,并且与先行词之间存在一定的关系。

关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等,关系副词有where, when, why等。

关系代词引导的定语从句可以修饰人或物,而关系副词引导的定语从句则分别表示地点、时间和原因。

下面是一些例子,说明了不同关系词的用法:1.关系代词引导的定语从句:- The book that is on the table is mine.(关系代词that用来修饰物)- The boy who is playing football is my brother.(关系代词who用来修饰人)- The woman whose dog is barking is my neighbor.(关系代词whose 用来修饰人的所有物)- The car which/that I bought last week is very expensive.(关系代词which/that用来修饰物)2.关系副词引导的定语从句:- This is the school where I studied.(关系副词where表示地点)- Do you remember the day when we met?(关系副词when表示时间)- I don't know the reason why he didn't come.(关系副词why表示原因)定语从句的构成需要注意以下几点:1.定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词在从句中既有成分又有功能,并且在从句中一般不能省略。

2.定语从句一般紧随先行词,并且在从句中充当成分。

(完整版)定语从句语法详解

(完整版)定语从句语法详解

定语从句语法专题(Attributive Clauses)教案一. 定语从句的概述:1.定语从句:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

在句中做定语,被修饰的名词或代词,叫做先行词。

从句通常放在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引导。

其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

eg She is the girl(who got the first prize.)girl先行词who充当从句主语, 从句做定语修饰girlThis is the boy who broke the window.这就是打破窗子的孩子。

the boy是先行词, who broke the window是限制性定语从句, 明确指出theboy是打破窗子的那个孩子,who 在从句中充当主语That is the house where he lived ten years ago.He is the man who/that lives next door.He is the man who I want to see.先行词关系词定语从句复合句: 是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子, 复合句中的主句和从句都具有完整的的主语和谓语, 主句是复合句的主体, 可以独立存在, 从句需要有一个连词引导, 是修饰说明主句的, 不能独立存在, 根据在句中的不同作用, 从句可以分为三类: 定语从句, 名词性从句, 状语从句。

二. 引导定语从句的关系词有两大类:1.关系词:引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词: that, who, whom, whose, which, as(主, 宾, 定)关系副词: when, where, why.(状语)2.关系词的作用:(1)引导定语从句, 在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用;(2)代替先行词在句中充当成分。

定语从句语法详解与案例分析

定语从句语法详解与案例分析

定语从句语法详解与案例分析定语从句是英语中常用的修饰名词的从句结构,它可以给予读者更多的信息,以便更清晰地描述一个人或事物。

在本文中,我们将对定语从句的语法做详细解释,并提供一些案例分析来加深理解。

一、定语从句的基本结构定语从句的基本结构由引导词(关系词)和从句组成。

引导词根据其在定语从句中的功能和先行词的词性可以分为以下几种:1. 关系代词:who, whom, whose, which, that关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或属格,其选择要根据引导词在定语从句中所充当的成分来确定。

例句1:The girl who is standing there is my sister.例句2:I have a friend whose father is a doctor.例句3:Is there anything that I can do for you?2. 关系副词:where, when, why关系副词分别表示地点、时间和原因,其在定语从句中充当状语。

例句4:I still remember the day when we first met.例句5:This is the place where we used to study.例句6:I don't know the reason why he left.二、定语从句的用法定语从句在句子中的位置可以灵活变化,但通常紧跟在被修饰的名词后面。

1. 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句对名词的修饰是必要的,如果去掉将会使句子的意思不完整或不明确。

关系词可以是关系代词或关系副词。

例句7:The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.例句8:He is the man who won the first prize in the competition.2. 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句对名词的修饰是附加的,可以去掉而不影响句子的基本意思。

英语定语从句语法详解

英语定语从句语法详解

英语定语从句语法详解定语从句是英语中非常重要的一个语法结构,用于修饰名词或代词,并且在句子中起到定语的作用。

在本文中,我们将详细介绍英语定语从句的概念、用法以及常见的引导词。

一、定语从句的概念和用途定语从句是由一个句子作为整体,用来修饰名词或代词的句子。

它可以提供进一步的信息,使得句子更加具体明确。

定语从句通常放置在被修饰的名词或代词之后。

例如:The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。

In this sentence, "that I bought yesterday"是一个定语从句,修饰名词"book",进一步解释了这本书的情况。

二、引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导。

常见的关系代词有:who、whom、whose、which、that等;常见的关系副词有:when、where、why等。

1. 关系代词的用法a. who/whom/whose:用于人。

who用作主语或宾语,whom用作宾语,而whose表示所有关系。

例如:The man who is standing over there is my father.那个站在那里的人是我爸爸。

The boy whom I met yesterday is my classmate.我昨天遇到的那个男孩是我的同学。

This is the house whose roof is red.这是一座屋顶是红色的房子。

b. which/that:用于物。

which用作主语或宾语,that可用作主语、宾语或定语。

例如:The car which/that is parked in front of the house is mine.停在房子前面的那辆车是我的。

The book which/that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.我从图书馆借来的那本书非常有趣。

英语定语从句的结构和用法

英语定语从句的结构和用法

英语定语从句的结构和用法定语从句的结构:定语从句通常包括三个部分:引导词、主句和从句。

1. 引导词:定语从句的引导词通常由关系代词和关系副词构成。

关系代词包括that, who, whom, whose, which等;关系副词包括where, when, why等。

2.主句:主句是指引导词所修饰的名词所在的句子。

3.从句:从句是由引导词引导的从句,用来修饰主句中的名词。

定语从句的用法:1. 修饰人:从句中用who或that引导。

- The man who is standing over there is my brother.- The woman that I met yesterday is a famous actress.2. 修饰物:从句中用which或that引导。

- The book that is on the table is mine.- The car which/that I bought last week is very expensive.3. 修饰地点:从句中用where引导。

4. 修饰时间:从句中用when引导。

- I still remember the day when we went to the beach together.5. 修饰原因:从句中用why引导。

6. 修饰所有格:从句中用whose引导。

- The boy whose father is a doctor is my classmate.需要注意的是,定语从句通常紧跟在被修饰的名词或名词短语之后,并且从句中的主语一般不可以省略,而宾语可以省略,具体要根据具体情况来确定。

同时,引导词在从句中所起的作用与其在主句中的作用相同,例如,关系代词在从句中可以充当主语、宾语、定语等。

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定语从句的用法详解班次______ 姓名________ 学号________一、基本概念:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句或形容词从句。

如:Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now? That is the house where he lived ten years ago.定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词;定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导,关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用,代表被修饰的先行词,同时又作从句中的一个成分。

引导定语从句的关系代词有:that, who, whom, whose, which; 关系副词有:when, where, why.二、关系词的用法:(一)关系代词的用法:1)先行词是人,关系代词在定语从句中做主语时,用who或that来引导。

e.g. Do you know the man who / that is standing over there? The girl who / that took you to my place is my friend. 2)先行词是人,关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时,用whom或that来引导,但通常可以省略。

先行词是人,关系代词在介词后面必须用whom,而且不能省略,也不能用that。

The boy (whom / that) we saw yesterday is Mr. Wang’s son. The old man with whom I often go to the films is my grandfather. 3)先行词是物,关系代词在定语从句中做主语时,用which或that来引导 e.g. The train which / that has just left is for Guangzhou. The earthquake which / that happened in 1906 was the biggest in American history. 4)先行词是物,关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时,用which或that来引导,但通常可以省略。

e.g. The bird (which / that) we caught the other day flew away yesterday. The pen with which I am writing was bought in the Shopping Center.5)先行词是人或物,关系代词在定语从句中做定语,用whose 来引导,修饰从句的主语或宾语,意思是“谁的”,“什么的”;它是who和which的所有格形式。

指某人的也可以用…of whom代替whose;指物时也可以用…of which代替whose。

E.g. This is the house whose door / the door of which / of which the door faces east.(二)关系副词的用法:1.when 指时间,在从句中作时间状语,它的先行词通常有:time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。

如:I still remember the time when I first became a college student. Do you know the date when Lincoln was born? 注:when时常可以省略,特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。

如:Each time he came, he did his best to help us. But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill.2.where指地点,在从句中作地点状语。

它的先行词通常有:place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等,如:This is the hotel where they are staying.I forget the house where the Smiths lived.注:where有时也可以省略。

如:This is the place (where) we met yesterday.3.why指原因或理由,它的先行词只有reason。

如:That is the reason why he is leaving so soon. 注:why时常也可以省略。

如:That is the real reason he did it.(三)使用关系副词应注意下列几点:1.这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构:when = on (in, at, during…) + which; where = in (at, on…) + which; why = for which. 如:I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it.2.当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时,一定要注意分析从句的结构,如果缺少主语或宾语时,关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时,才能用when 或where,试比较:I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.His father works in a factory where radio parts are made.His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.3.when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。

而why只能引导限制性定语从句。

三.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1.限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况,对先行词起限定作用,与先行词关系十分密切,不可用逗号隔开,也不可省略,否则全句意义就不完整。

如:This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do for you?2.非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明,没有限定作用,它与先行词的关系比较松散,因而不是关键性的,如果省略,原句的意义仍然完整。

这种从句在朗读时要有停顿,在文字中通常用逗号与主句隔开。

如:This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric. 引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有:who, whom, whose, which, when 和 where,不可以用that和why。

另外,非限制性定语从句从意义上讲,相当于一个并列句,在口语中使用并不普遍,在日常生活中,人们通常用并列句或简单句来表达。

如:I told the story to John, who later did it to his brother. = I told the story to John, and he later told it to his brother. Yesterday I happened to see John, who was eager to have a talk with you. = Yesterday I happened to see John and he was eager to have a talk with you.3.两种定语从句的内涵不同,限制性定语从句具有涉他性,而非限制性定语从句具有唯一性,这在理解和翻译时应特别注意。

试比较:All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.All the books there that have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.His brother, who is eighteen years old, is a PLA man. (只有一个)His brother who is a PLA man is eighteen years old. (不止一个)4.有时,非限制性定语从句所修饰的不是某一个词,而是整个主句或是主句中的一个部分,这时一般采用which或as来引导。

如:He passed the exam, which/as he hoped he would. 注:(1)as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活,可以位于主句前面.中间或后面,一般用逗号与主句隔开,但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。

例如:1) As we all know, Galileo’s theory of falling obj ects is right.= Galileo’s theory of falling objects, as we all know, is right= Galileo’s theory of falling objects is right, as we all know.(2)从意义上讲,which指前面主句的内容;而as指代的是作为一般人都知道的常识性的东西,因此常译成“就象……那样”。

(3)as在引导限制性定语从句多与such或the same连用,可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。

the same...as;such…as This is the same story as he told me. I hope to get such a book as he is using (4)as也可单独使用,引导非限制性定语从句,作用相当于which。

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