Chapter1-4
chapter1-4
柔顺，链段愈短，因此链段长度也可以表征
链的柔顺性。
链段长度b越大，柔性越差。P29 表1-7
小结
• 1.掌握均方末端距和均方旋转半径的含义？ • 2.掌握自由连接链、自由旋转链以及旋转受 阻链、等效自由连接链的定义，以及相应 的均方末端距的计算公式。 • 3.理解运用高分子链柔性的表征参数相关的 知识。
1.2.3 高分子链的构象统计
表征高分子链构象尺寸的参数：
（一）线形高分子
末端距（向量）—— 线形高分子链一端到另一端的直线距离 均方末端距——末端距平方的平均值 ；
根均方末端距 ——均方末端距的平方根
（二）支化大分子：均方末端距的概念不适 用，需要另外定义一个表征支化大分子构象 尺寸的参数-----均方旋转半径
cos
Φ —— 内旋转角； u（Φ）—— 内旋转位垒函数； K —— 玻尔兹曼常数； T —— 绝对温度；
三种链的均方末端距比较：
自由连接链的最小；
实际高分子链的最大；
自由旋转链的介于二者之间； 单键的内旋转限制因素越多则分子链柔性越 差。
讨论 高分子链构象统计的应用
• 把实际的高分子链看成是由Z个长度为b的链段连接而成， 链段与链段之间自由连接，无规取向，此时的高分子链可 称为等效自由连接链。 真实大分子链中能够独立运动的单元不是单键，而是链段。 • 高斯链：末端距的分布符合高斯分布函数的高分子链，通 常指等效自由连接链。 • 可以利用等效自由连接链的概念来处理真实高分子链，从 而求得真实高分子链中的链段数目和链段长度（P28）。 。
化学键内旋转时无键角和位垒的限制，完全自由； 分子链中化学键向任何方向取向的几率相同。
小学朗文英语四年级上Chapter1-4复习
四年级上学期朗文 1-4 课复习题班级_______________ 姓名________________1.Look and write.看图写单词。
____________ ____________ ___________________________ ____________ _______________2.Choose the correct answers.选择填空。
1. ( ) _____ did people pay for things? They paid with silver.A: How B: What C: Where2. ( ) _______ did people live? They lived in villages.A: How B: What C: Where3. ( ) _____ did people travel? They traveled by sedan chair.A: How B: What C: Where4. ( ) ___did people go to school? They went to school on foot.A: How B: What C: Where5. ( ) _______ did people wear?A: How B: What C: Where3.Choose and write. 根据下列解释，把单词序号填在括号内。
A: firewood B: trainers C: letterD: camera E: credit card F: rickshaw1. ( )We use it to take photos.2. ( )People cooked with it five hundred years ago.3. ( )We use it like money to buy things.4. ( )They are in pairs. We wear them when we go jogging.5. ( )People write it and send it to our friends by post.6. ( ) People rode in it.4.Ask and answer the questions.选择正确的疑问词填空，并回答。
国际酒店服务英语 Chapter 1 Unit 4 Information service
General Knowledge Conversation Text
Exercises
General Knowledge
What role does the information desk
play in a hotel?
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ral Knowledge
• What role does the information desk play in a hotel?
The hotel information desk plays an important part in the hotel. It is generally located near the hotel entrance or faces the entrance. As soon as the customer enters the main lobby, he/she can see it. Its goal is to provide more convenient service to guests.
<BACK
HOME
NEXT>
General Knowledge
• What role does the information desk
play in a hotel?
• messaging and credit card services
• 8 hours per day foreign currency exchanging
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Conversation
• Scene: A Guest Asks for Service Information • R: Receptionist G: Guest
CHAPTER 1-4
MeV 168 7 5 7 8 12 ~207
裂变中放出的能量
4%
80%
3%
4%
4% 5% neutrinos
燃料裂变时能量的释放 (MeV)
易裂变燃料
233U 235U 239Pu 241Pu
可裂变燃料
232Th 234U 236U 238U 237Np
190.0+/-0.5 190.0+/192.9+/-0.5 192.9+/198.5+/-0.8 198.5+/200.3+/-0.8 200.3+/-
Pressurized water reactor (PWR)
1 Reactor vessel 5 Pressurizer heater 2 Fuel elements 6 Steam generator 3 Control rods 7 Main circulating pump 4 Control rod drive 8 Fresh steam
η −燃 每 吸 一 热 子 生 平 裂 中 数 料 次 收 个 中 产 的 均 变 子
k: 六因子公式
k =ηfεpP P s d
P −慢 过 中 泄 概 化 程 不 漏 率 s P −热 子 扩 过 中 泄 概 中 在 散 程 不 漏 率 d
典型的一个热中子反应堆六因子的数值 Six factor formula for a typical thermal reactor
缓发中子与瞬发中子的区别
缓发中子与瞬发中子的产生机理不同; 缓发中子与瞬发中子的产生机理不同; 缓发中子与瞬发中子的产生时间不同; 缓发中子与瞬发中子的产生时间不同; 缓发中子与瞬发中子能量不同; 缓发中子与瞬发中子能量不同;
七年级英语课外阅读读本1-4
七年级课外阅读初中英语读本（chapter 1--4）(1) The North Wind and the SunOne day, the north wind argues with the sun. I’m stronger than you are!”says the north wind. “No,”answers the sun, “I’m stronger!”While they are arguing, they see a man walking along the road. He is wearinga blue coat. The sun says to the north wind, “Now let's see who can makethe man take off his coat. Then we will know who is stronger.””Let me try first," says the north wind. He begins to blow very hard. But theman wraps his coat round him tightly. The north wind gets angry. He says tothe sun, “I can’t make the man take off his coat. Now its your turn. Let me see if you can do it."The sun begins to shine on the man. Soon the man feels very hot. He takesoff his coat. The sun wins.1. who argue with the sun?2.what’s the man wearing?3.can the north wind make the man take off his coat?4.why does the man take off his coat at last?5.who do you think wins?(2)Hello!People in different countries say hello in different ways people say hello.阅读理解People in different countries greet each other in different ways. Here are some.a. a handshakeb. a bowc. a kiss on the cheekd. a huge. a pat on the back The United StatesPeople shake hands when they meet for the first time. Friends and family members often hug or kiss on the cheek when they seeeach other.KoreaMen bow and shake hands to greet each other. Women do not usuallyshake hands. If you address (称呼) someone, you use his or her fullname. The family name comes first, then the first name.Finland (芬兰)Finns greet each other with a handshake. Hugs and kisses are only forclose friends and family members.The Philippines(菲律宾) The everyday greeting for friends is a handshake for both men and women. Men sometimes pat each other on the back.1. In which country do men sometimes pat each other on the back?A. The Philippines.B. Finland.C. Korea.D. The United States.2. Which of the following is TRUE?A. People shake hands whenever they meet in the United States.B. In Philippines, friends shake hands as the everyday greeting.C. Finns greet each other with a bow.D. In Korea, the first name comes before the family name.3. Of the five pictures above (a, b, c, d, and e), which is the same way to greet each othe r in the four countries?A. dB. cC. bD. a4. In this passage, all the following are mentioned EXCEPT ______.A. kissesB. hugsC. smilesD. handshakes5. What does the writer want to tell us in the passage?A. Different ways of greeting.B. Four countries.C. Friends and family members.D. Languages.(3) Fill in the blanks with the words in the passage.Rose writes an e to her friend about her new h . Rose’s b, Peter, is good ats_ and teaches her in the s holiday. Rose goes to the b every day. Most days they bring p and stay there all d . Rose thinks surfing is good e _ and it can get her skin brown. It is f .(4) How Do Dogs Say Hello?Dogs use their noses to say hello. They have a very good sense of smell.When dogs meet, they smell each other.A dog knows by the other dog's smell if it is a friend. If they are friends,dogs say hello with wagging tails and happy barks. They sometimes lickeach other's faces. If they are not friends, they growl and show their teeth.When you meet a dog, these are also how it says hello to you.Young dogs lear how to tell if other dogs are friendly. They know whichdogs to play with and which dogs to avoid.Two dogs meetuse their to each otherfriends not friendswaghappily show theireach other’s face(5) Goldie's StoryHello, my name is Goldie. I am a dog but I am not a pet. I have a very importantjob. I work as a seeing-eye dog. People call us seeing-eye dogs because we are the" eyes “ of blind people and help them to “see".It is not easy to become a seeing-eye dog. It takes a lot of hard work and trainingThe training is diffi cult and most dogs can not do it.My job is to work with my partner, Jim. Jim is blind. We live and work inLondon. London is a very busy city. I help Jim get around---- along busy streets,across roads and on trains and buses every day.I enjoy my job and I am proud of what I do. I think Jim is proud of me, too. You can always see him smiling.l. Is it easy to become a seeing-eye dog?2. How can a dog become a seeing-eye dog?3. Why is it difficult to get around London?4. What’s wrong with Jim?5. What does Jim think of Goldie?(6) A SundayTom and Simon are good friends They both love football. They are in the schoolfootball team and practise twice a week after school.This Sunday they go to the park to practise more because they will have a matchnext week. It is a sunny day and the park is busy. They see a good place for playingfootball. They kick the ball onto the grass and begin to run after it.Just then they see a big sign. It says "Keep Off the Grass”. Tom and Simon lookaround. Then they see another sign and it says “No Ball Games ". They take theirball and hurry out of the park to their school.On the playground they see their coach, Mr. Smith. He tells them, “Take it easy.Don’t mind losing. Losing is part of any game."1. Tom and Simon areA. cousinsB. the members of the football teamC. brothersD. from different schools2. How many times do they practise football every week?A. One time.B. Two times.C. Three times.D. Four times.3. Finally they go to to play fotball.A. the Sports CentreB. the grassC. the streetD. the school playground4. This passage is aboutA. what the two boys do after schoolB. what the two boys feel and do before a fooball matechC. what the two boys do in the park this Sunday(7) 完形填空One day, the wind starts an argument (争论) with the sun. "I'm much 1 than you are!" says the wind. "No."answers the sun, "I'm much stronger than you are!"While they are arguing they see a man walking down the road. He is wearing a heavy 2 . The sun says to the wind "Now let 3 see which of us can make the man take off his coat, then we will know 4 is stronger. "First the 5 tries. It begins to blow very hard. It blows so hard that the man pulls his coat round him.The wind is 6 with the man. Then the wind says to the sun, "Now it's your 7 . Let me see if you can make him take off his coat "The sun 8 to shine on the man. Soon it gets very hot! The man 9 his coat The argument is 10 .( )1. A. strong ( )2. A. trousers ( )3. A. us ( )4. A. whose ( )5. A. sun ( )6. A. happy ( )7. A. way ( )8. A. began ( )9. A. takes off ( )10.A. out B. strongestB. hatB. weB. whoB. rainB. worriedB. homeB. beginsB. takes downB. overC. stronglyC. coatC. ourselvesC. whenC. cloudC. angryC. hopeC. beginC. puts onC. onD. strongerD. shoesD. ourD. whatD. windD. sadD. turnD. beginningD. puts downD. off。
词汇学考试精简笔记-Charter1-4
词汇学考试精简笔记-Charter1-4Introduction0.1 The Nature and Domain of English LexicologyThe definition of Lexicology: (P1)Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and meanings of words (WNWD), the morphological structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantic structures, relations, historical development, formation and usages. 0.2 The Relation to Other DisciplinesThe definition of Morphology: (P1)Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words, primarily through the use of morpheme construct.The definition of Etymology: (P2)Etymology is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words.The definition of Semantics: (P2)Semantics is the study of meanings of different linguistic levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc.The definition of Stylistics: (P2)Stylistics is the study of style.The definition of Lexicography: (P2)Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form, meaning, origins and usages of words.The difference of Lexicography and Lexicology: (P2)A lexicographer’s task is to record the language as it is used so as to present the genuine picture of words to the reader, providing authoritative reference, whereas the student of lexicology is to acquire the knowledge and information of lexis so as to increase their lexical awareness and capacity of language use.Chapter 1Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabulary1.1 What is a WordIn visual terms, a word can be defined as a meaningful group; according to semanticists, a word is a unit of meaning. (P6) 选择、填空The definition of Word: (P7) 名词解释A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.A word comprises the following points:1. A minimal free form of a language;2. A sound unity;3. A unit of meaning;4. A form that can function alone in a sentence.1.2 Sound and MeaningThe connection of Sound and Meaning两者之间的关系: (P7) 选择、填空The symbolic connection is almost always arbitrary, and there is no logical relationship, the relationship is conventional.Woman, for example, becomes ‘Frau’ in German, ‘Fremme’ in French and ‘Funu’ in Chinese.：体现了sound，meaning的关系1.3 Sound and FormThe reasons caused the difference between Sound and Form: 读⾳和拼写不⼀致的原因(P8-9 具体例⼦看书本) 简答题1. The internal reason for this is that the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans, which does nothave a separate letter to represent each sound in the language so that some letters must do double duty or work together in combination.2. Another reason is that the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years, and insome cases the two have drawn far apart.3. A third reason is that some of the differences were created by the early scribes.4. Finally comes the borrowing, which do not conform to the rules of English pronunciation and spelling.*Printing印刷术was established in the late 1500.Sound and form is imperfect: (P10)The written form of English is, therefore, an imperfect representation of the spoken form.1.5 Classification of Words*Three classifications of words: (P11) 选择、填空Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by use frequency, into content words and functional words by notion, and into native words and borrowed words by origin.1.5.1 Basic Word Stock and Nonbasic VocabularyThe difference between BW and NBW: (P11)BW is in use in a high frequency; and NBW is not.The features of Basic Word (P11-12) 简答题●All national character 全民通⽤性●Stability 相对稳定性●Productivity 多产性●Polysemy ⼀词多义●Collocability 搭配性Therefore, ‘all national character’is the most important of all features that may differentiate words of common use from all others.The definition of Productivity: (P12)They can each be used alone, and at the same time can form new words with other roots and affixes.The definition of Polysemy: (P12)Words belonging to the basic word stock often possess more than one meaning because most of them have undergone semantic changes in the course of use and become polysemous.The definition of Collocability: (P12)Many words of the basic word stock enter quite a number of set expressions, idiomatic usages, proverbial sayings and the like.The types of Nonbasic word vocabulary (P13-15) 简答题●Terminology 专业术语●Jargon ⾏话●Slang 俚语●Argot ⿊话●Dialectal words ⽅⾔●Archaisms 古词语●Neologisms 新词语The definition of Terminology: (P13)It consists of technical terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas as in medicine.●例⼦有：mathematics, music, education.The definition of Jargon: (P13)It refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades and professions communicate among themselves such as in business.●例⼦有：bottom line, bargaining chipsThe definition of Slang: (P14)Slang belongs to the sub-standard language亚标准语⾔, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words.Slang is created by changing or extending the meaning of existing words.The definition of Argot ⿊话: (P15)Argot generally refers to the jargon of criminals.The definition of Dialectal words: (P15)Dialectal words are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question.The definition of Archaisms: (P15)Archaisms are words or forms that were once in common use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use.The definition of Neologisms: (P15)Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on new meanings.1.5.2 Content Words and Functional WordsThe difference between Content words and Functional words: (P16) 简答题●Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as notional words.●Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are also called empty words. As theirchief function is to express the relation between notions, the relation between words as well as between sentences, they are known as form words.1.5.3 Native Words and Borrowed WordsThe definition of Native Words: (P17)Native words are words brought to Britain in the fifth century by the German tribes (⽇⽿曼部落).The 2 features of Native Words: (P17)1. Neutral in style (French or Latin are literary and in formal style) ⽂体中⽴，即任何场所可⽤2. Frequent in use使⽤频繁The definition of Borrowed Words: (P18)Words taken over from foreign languages are known as borrowed words or loan words or borrowing in simple terms. 三个⿊体字同义Four classes of Borrowed Words: (P19)1. Denizens 同化词Denizens are words borrowed early in the past and now well assimilated into the English language.2. Aliens ⾮同化词Aliens are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling.3. Translation-loans 译借词、外来词Translation-loans are words and expressions formed from the existing material in the English language but modeled on the patterns taken from another language.4. Semantic-loans借义词Words of this category are not borrowed with reference to the form.Chapter 2The Development of the English vocabulary2.1 The Indo-European Language FamilyThe Indo-European Language has approximately 3000languages and group into roughly 300language families on the basis of Basic Word and Grammar. It is made up of most of language of Europe, the Near East, and India.印欧三⼤语系(P23) Germanic family = Scandinavian languages斯堪的纳维亚语的;北北欧⽇⽿曼语系(P24)The Germanic family consists of the four Northern European languages: Norwegian, Icelandic, Danish and Swedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian languages.In western set, Greek is the modern language derived from Hellenic(希腊语的). (P24)2.2.1 Old English (450 – 1150) (P25)The Germanic tribes are the earliest.The introduction of Christianity had a great impact on the English vocabulary. It brought many new ideas and customs and also many religious terms such as abbot, candle, alter, amen, apostle.The common practice was to create new words by combining two native words, e.g. handbook. (P26)Old English is a highly inflected language.Skirt, skill, window, leg, grasp, birth, they, their, them, egg, these words are from Scandinavian origin.2.2.2 Middle English (1150 – 1500) (P26)Norman Conquest started a continual flow of French words into English. 诺曼⼤帝带来了⼤量的法语词。
研究生英语听说教程引进版答案
研究生英语听说教程引进版答案【篇一：引进版研究生英语听说教程take on listeningchapter1-chapter4答案】>part one 1. false 2. false 3. false 4. false 5. false 6. false 7. falsepart two1. using what you already know (possible answers)programlevelplacement appointment application register test teachercounselor school forms gpa esl class catalogexercise 1 answers will varyexercise 2 possible answers: studying for a test; discussing homework, borrowing/comparing notes, etc.2. scanning for the main idea practice:main idea: the cafeteria is closed and the student is very hungry and needs to eat before class begins.key words: food machine, closed, pass out, stand, get something warm, canteen, stomach growl3. scanning for the important points1. a.2. a.3. b.4. inferencing (making intelligent guesses)1. true2. false3. true4. false5. true5. scanning for specific pieces of information6. using context clues1. a 4. b2. b 5. a3. b7. using structure and intonation clues using structure clues exercise 11. a 4. b2. b 5. b3. aexercise 21. a 4. a2. b 5. b3. bexercise 31. a 4. b2. b 5. a3. a 6. busing intonation clues1. sad2. angry3. happy4. confused5. sarcasticchpater 2part oneexercise 11. 5; richmond-daly city/colma, fremont-daly city, fremont-richmond, pittsburgh/baypoint-colma, dublin/pleasanton-daly city2. no. the fremont-richmond train does not go to san francisco.3. 3. 84. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.2; richmond-daly city/colma, fremont-richmond3; dublin/pleasanton-daly city, fremont-daly city, fremont-richmond 1; pittsburgh/ bay point-colma a white line with black dots; 22no. transfer oakland city center/12th street to a fremont-richmond train.no. take fremont-richmond train to oakland city center and transfer to a pittsburgh/bay point-colma train.10. oakland city center-12th street, 19th street oakland, macarthur.part twoexercise 1b. getting directionsexercise 21. in a bart station2. it depends on where you go.3. to berkeley to visit denise’s sister.4. she looks at the bart map.5. yes. they can’t go directly from san francisco to berkeley after 8:04.6. she is happy to help them, but does not want further involvement. she is not interestedin meeting their nephew.7. the woman was happy to give the couple directions, but she didn’t want to get involvedin their lives.exercise 3general informationtrip scheduleexercise 41. a2. b3. b4. a5. a6. apart threeexercise 11. $2.10 2. $4.003. 19 minutes4. 25 minutes5. $3.00 (king stadium to kansas street); 74 minutes (king stadium to lincoln way). no.the king stadium to lincoln way trip is a shorter distance than the king stadium to kansas street trip. the higher fare for the shorter trip reflect the need to transfer, pay a toll, etc.exercise 2e 14. answer depends on current time.5. spuyten duyvil, marble hill, university heights, morris heights, 125th st., gct6. 7:537. between 1:20 a.m. and 6:20 a. m. 8. rush hourexercise 3 a1: $2.15 b1: answer depends on current time a2: $2.05 b2: 8 (including the last stop, gct) a3: 37 minutes b3: 12:07 a4: 28 minutes b4: 3 a5: $3.70 b5: 12:52exercise 3c1. 27 minutes2. $1.653. $1.80; 29 minutes4. $5.305. 62 minutes6. 12:40 p. m.7. 4:41 p. m.8. 6:52 a. m.9. 910. 33 minutes11. the 7:22 a. m. and 7:52 a. m. trains 12. answer depends on current time.part fourexercise 11. yes/no2. yes/no3. information4. yes/no5. information6. yes/no7. information8. information9. information 10. yes/no exercise 21. b2. a3. a4. b5. a6. b7. b8. a9. b 10. bexercise 3 example: when does the next bus arrive?1. what time did the plane arrive?2. how often do you take the bus?3. did someone meet them at the airport?【篇二：研究生英语听说教程引进版1听力原文】xt>1.a: who?s your history professor?b: i?m in dr. leydorf?s class.a: oh, how is he?b: the class is interesting and i really like him, but he?s a real stickler. if you?re more than fifteen minutes late, he marks youabsent, and you have to hand in every assignment on time or he lowers your grade. a: ooh! he sounds really tough.2.a: how did you do on your composition?b: oh, you won?t believe it. i hadn?t worked on it very long and i didn?t have time to check it over. when the teacher returned it to me with an “a” on it, you could have knocked me over with a feather!a: wow. that?s great. you must be really smart.b: or else just lucky.3.a: let?s go to a movie tonight.b: sorry, i?ve got to cram for a test tonight. i haven?t had a chance to study before now.a: well, how about going to the late show?b: no, i?m going to need a good night?s sleep. i want to make sure that i?m ready for the test.4.a: all right. we promised each other we?d get this report done today. let?s get cracking.b: aw, it?s such a beautiful day. can?t we go for a walk and do this later? a: no, we?ll need to return these books to the library by five o?clock. we really have to do this now.5.a: gee. it?s already a quarter after ten. maybe ms. hughes is absent today.b: fat chance. she?s never been absent a day in her life. i was in her class last year and she even came in when she had the flu.a: well i guess she really loves teaching. oh, here she comes now.p101.i am transcribing my sociology notes.2.john is defending his dissertation on tuesday.3.we are forming a study group on the first day of class.4.i?m applying for financial aid to help pay my tuition and expenses.5.ms. wilson is correcting our essays over the weekend.p111.the professor is coming.2.the professor is coming in a little while.3.the sahkespeare theater group is performing romeo and juliet on the 17th.4.4. the shakespeare theater group is performing romeo and juliet.5.the campus bookstore is having a big sale on all college sweatshirts.6.the campus bookstore is having a big sale on all college sweatshirts during springp191、she told me her house is just a stone?s throw from the uc berkeley campus. which station is that?stranger: the downtown berkeley station is really close to the university. i?m sure that?s the one you want.2、so, how much is the fare to downtown berkeley?stranger: let?s go take a look at the map over there. you see, the map shows you how much it costs to go from one station to another. ah, there it is: two dollars and sixty-five cents.3、tom: two sixty-five? that?s highway robbery for such a short distance!denise: you think that?s expensive? tom from our house to amherst it costs twice as much as that.4、here we are a t powell street in san francisco, and it?s basically a straight shot on the richnond line to the downtown berkeley station. denise: yes, my sister said we wouldn?t have to change trains.5、tom: let?s see if i?ve go t this right: we take the 8:18 pittsburg train and arrive in oakland at 8:34. then we take the 8:34 richmond train to berkeley. that should be a snap.stranger: yeah, you?ll have no trouble.6、 tell me dear, i notice you?re not wearing a ring. stranger: well, no, uh…denise; you know, my sister?s son is very handsome. i think you two would like each other…p32 exercise 31. question: where does this person want to go?a: pardon me, how much does it cost to go to the jefferson auditorium? b: that?s $1.80 one way, but you can?t go directly there after 6:00 pm. you?ll have to take a lenox train at thathour and then transfer to a hastings train at the portsmouth station.2.question: what time will the next bus for chicago leave?a: excuse me, when does the next bus to downtown chicago leave? b: let?s see. one just left at 8:00. the schedule says that that bus leaves every fifteen minutes, so…a: uh-oh;it?s already 8:10. i?d better hurry.b: ooh, i hope you make it.3. question: what is the total round-trip fare for the children? a: may i help you?b: yeah, we?d like to get tickets from portland to long beach. a: when are you planning on going?b: we were thinking of going the week of june 15th.a: gook. that?s far enough in advance to take advantage ofoursupersaver fares. if you purchase your tickets thirty days in advance, it will only cost $240 round trip.b: $240. that sounds good.a: how many people are in your party?b: there?s my wife and me, plus our two kids.a: ooh, we have a special discount available for our young travelers. let?s see, kids under twelve fly for half price and those under three can go for free.b: well, evelynne is six and renee is one.a: very good. let me check the computer to see which flights are open the week of the 15th.p32 exercise 41. it?s really easy to get to school from my house by bus.2. greenwich is very close to london.3. i take a 20-minute bus ride from home to work every day.4. i leave my house each day at 8 am.5. we?re going to hawaii for our next vacation.6. according to this, the train to vancouver will arrive in ten minutes.7. do i need a bakerloo or a victoria train to get to picadilly circus?8. how much is a ticket to baltimore an then back again?9. you need to take a #5 bus to the berman station. then,catch a #12.10. this bus is too crowded between 7am and 9am.p39 exercise 4 vocabulary in contextnarrator: 1. sentencedavid: yeah, good ?ole michael and betty were at it again all night. narrator: contextdavid: yeah, good ?ole michael and betty were at it again all night. ruth: were they breaking dishes again?david: no, i don?t think they have any dishes left after the last fight. they were yelling about his old girlfriend.narrator: sentencedavid: yeah, good ?ole michael and betty were at it again all night.narrator: 2. sentencedavid: if i move, he can jack up the price.narrator: contexttom: he doesn?t care if i?m unhappy. he wants me to move! i?ve lived in the building the longest, and with rent control, i pay half as much as they do. if i move, he can jack up the price. narrator: sentencedavid: if i move, he can jack up the price.narrator: 3. sentenceruth: how so?narrator: contextdavid: actually, as much as i like her, she?s also a problem.ruth: how so?david: her niece phones from out of state every sunday morning at 6:30 to check on her. the trouble is because she?s deaf, she screams into the phone, and it wakes me up.narrator: sentenceruth: how so?narrator: 4. sentencedavid: she?s more reliable than an alarm clock!narrator: contextdavid: the trouble is because she?s deaf, she screams into the phone, and it wakes me up.ruth: every sunday?narrator: sentencedavid: yes, and the sound of her voice goes right up through the floor. she?s more reliable than an alarm clock!narrator: 5. sentencedavid: poor old thing.narrator: contextdavid: it?s not her fault, poor old thing. she?s just very oldand her health isn?t good.narrator: sentencedavid: poor old thing.narrator: 6. sentencedavid: art, the guy who lives next door to mrs. anderson is sometimes such a pig.narrator: contextdavid: at least your neighbor put their garbage into the cans! art, the guy who lives next door to mrs. anderson is sometimes such a pig. he never seems to throw away his garbage. whenever i walk by his door i have to hold my nose.narrator: sentencedavid: art, the guy who lives next door to mrs. anderson is sometimes such a pig.【篇三：研究生英语听说教程(引进版)听力原文(上)】ss=txt>take on listening:listening and speaking strategieslesson 1exercise 1student: excuse me.counselor: yes?student: do i need to make an appointment to register for an esl class?counselor: no, but you first have to take a placement test.student: a test?counselor: we need to find out what your esl level is.student: oh, okay. where do i go to take the test?counselor: we will be giving the test tomorrow at 3 o‘clock in room 303. can you come then?student: yes.counselor: good. now, let me give you some forms to fill outso we can begin theregistration process. please write your name and address here, and your id number here. student: okay. what do i write under teacher and section?counselor: you can leave those blank. we‘ll fill it in tom orrow. exercise 2student a: i didn‘t really understand what ms. smith was saying about the id, the superego and the ego.student b: oh, that‘s easy. look here on page 53. the id is the part of our personality that wants instant gratification. the ego tries to help the id get what it wants, but in a logical and practical way. the superego is like the personality‘s police force. it monitors the id and the ego.student a: oh, i think i‘m getting it. you mean the id, ego and superego are all part of our personality?student b: right. they are all interacting.student a: do you think we‘ll need to give definitions?student b: i don‘t know. we may just have to match the names with the definitions. but we‘d better study this some more just to be safe.a: i can‘t believe it‘s closed. i‘ve got a class from 7 o‘clock to 10 o‘clock. what am i going to do?b: well, there are some food machines in the student union. you could always go there. a: no way! i tried that once last semester and i got as sick as a dog. there‘s got to be something better.b: well, we can go down to main street. there are a couple of places that i‘m sure are open.a: we‘d never make it back in time. it‘s already 6:40. i think i‘ll pass out if i don‘t get something. i came here right fro m work. i didn‘t have time to stop by my apartment.b: i think there‘s a stand in front of smith hall. you can at least get something warm there. a: well, i guess we don‘t have any other choice.b: yeah, it‘s either the canteen or three hours of listening to your stomach growl.teacher: good evening class. before we begin tonight‘s lesson.i want to remind you about next thursday‘s midterm. remember to review chapters one through eight in the book. you will be responsible for knowing all of the information in the chapters plus all of the other topics we have discussed in class. thistest will include multiple choice, true/false, and essay questions. you will not be able to use any books, notes or dictionaries.now, last week, i spoke about the importance of using note cards and visual aids to prepare your speeches. tonight i‘mgoing to talk about specific things that will help you with your speech delivery. please take careful notes so you can use those techniques to improve your speech delivery.the first and perhaps the most important element of good speech delivery is eye contact. it is extremely important, especially in the english-speaking world, to make eye contact with your entire audience. this may be very difficult for you if you come from a culture where making direct eye contact is a sign of disrespect. but, you really need to practice this skill until you are comfortable looking directly at all of your audience members when you are speaking to them. pleasenote that you need to look at the entire audience. please don‘t direct your attention to just one person or one side of the room, and really be sure not to stare into the eyes of anyone for too long of a period.next, you need to make sure that when you talk to your audience, you are enthusiastic about your topic and excited to share it with your audience. vitality is a way ofmaintaining the audience‘s attention and indicating to them that you firmly believe in what you are saying. volume, intonation, facial expressions, and gestures all add to the vitality of your speech. think abut a speaker you really liked.did he or she just stand there and read words from a piece of paper? no, of course not. probably the speaker was full of life and his or her energy forced you into becoming involved in caring about the topic of the speech.4.dr. stevens: ted, can i speak to you a minute?ted: yes, doctor stevens?dr. stevens: i finished reading your essay and before i return it to you, i was hoping you might be able to come in and speak with me about it.ted: oh, uh, okay, sure.\dr. stevens: can you come during my office hours?ted: i think so. when are they again?dr. stevens: tuesdays and thursdays from 3 o‘clock until 4:30. ted: that‘s no problem oh, wait a minute, i have football practice every day from 2 o‘clock until 5 o‘clock.dr. stevens: hmm. well, how about if we get together tomorrow right before class? ted: sure.5. you have reached the student union activity hotline. the following is a list of information and events for thursday, september 18.the student union is open from 7:00 a.m. until 11:30 p.m. the cafeteria will be serving breakfast from 7 o‘clock until 8:30, lunch from 11 o‘clock until 1 o‘clock, and dinner from 5 o‘clock until 7 o‘clock, the snack bar will be open from 9:00 a.m.—8:00 p.m.assembly member carole berg will be speaking on thetopic: ―parity pay for women: it‘s still not here.‖ assembly woman berg will speak in the oak room from 9 o‘clock. admission is free, and a question/answer period will follow.the student council will meet in room 27 from noon until 1:30. elections will be held for all major offices. all students are welcome.the campus folk dance club meets in the green room from 2o‘clock until 5 o‘clock today. all are welcome to attend; dance experience is not necessary.bette milder will be performing live in the campus corner cabaret. the show begins at 8 o‘clo ck. tickets are available at the ticket office. all seats are $7.00.tonight‘s movie, the experimental ―dial tones,‖ will be shown in the union theater at 7:00 and 9:00 p.m. tickets for both shows are $5.00 and are available at the ticket office.。
商务英语口译王艳答案
商务英语口译王艳答案【篇一：商务英语阅读第二版(王艳主编)chapter1-4 课后答案详解】汉chapter1sluggish economy冷清的经济full employment充足就业trade deficit贸易赤字in-depth analysis深入的剖析industrialized countries工业化国家free-trade agreement 自由贸易协议international specialization 国际专业化product differentiation产品差异trade surplus 贸易盈余determinative factor 决定性因素chapter2consumer-goods花费品discount retailers折扣零售商equity品牌财产价值advertising budget广告估算brand real-time sales data 及时销售数据sales promotion 促销profit margin 盈余scanner data 扫描数据chapter3privileged minority marketing research 享有特权的少量人gas station加油站市场检查 professional competence 专业技能a sales point 卖点product design 产品设计potential consumer 潜伏顾客business disaster 商业灾害chapter4mobility of people人口流动supplier networks供给商网络standardized items标准零配件specialist manufacturing technology 特别制造技术complementary economies互补经济体anti-japanese sentiment 反日情绪foreign affiliates 外方合伙人，外国隶属公司go public 上市二、汉翻英chapter1经济共赢 economic win-win 收入不一样等wage inequality 关税壁垒 tariff barrier劳动生产率labor productivity辞退工人 lay off works生产因素factor of production双边协议 bilateral deal回归剖析regression analysis市场准入 market access世界经济复苏world economic recoverychapter2价钱溢价 price premium基线销售base-line sales减价 price reductions广告支出advertising spending营销组合 marketing mix销量溢价quantity premium产品数目（种类）product-line variety美元分派allocation of dollarschapter3平常生活 daily life广告活动advertising campaigns物理特色 physical characteristic视觉想象visual imagination 国内媒体 national media销售增加sales increase销售渠道 distribution system产品到导向型的广告product- orientated advertisingchapter4公司并购mergersand acquisition 国外扩充overseas expansion全世界化战略globalization strategy保护主义举措measures 市场准入 access of market知识产权property right贸易伙伴trading partnersprotectionist intellectual三、完形填空chapter 1 chapter 2chapter 3chapter 4资本投入【篇二：商务英语口译教课纲领】文摘 :商务英语口译王艳答案一、课程基本信息1. 课程名称：商务英语口译)程教课纲领课程英文名称： business english interpretation 2语系3. 学时 /学分： 34 学时 /2 学分4. 开课学期：第七学期．讲课专业：外5. 面向对象：本科大四学生二、课程性质与任务课程性质：专业选修课程。
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Financial Accounting Financial Reports Financial Statements Audited by CPAs
GAAP
11
1.1 Nature and Content of Accounting
1.1.5 The Accounting Process
(1) Identify 确认 (2) Measure 计量 (3) Record 记录 (4) Communicate 报告
14
1.3 Underlying Assumption
Traditional Assumptions
2.Continuing Concern 持续经营 A business will continue to operate “long enough to use its longest-lived asset”, longestunless there is evidence to the contrary.
7
The Main Stakeholders of the Enterprises
股东大会 董事大会 经理会 员工 法人财产 监事会 所有者 管理 债权人
债权人 （供应商、银行、税务机关）
债务人 （顾客、其他）
社区
政府
8
1.1 Nature and Content of Accounting
1.1.3 Users and Accounting Information
15
1.3 Underlying Assumption
Traditional Assumptions
3. Monetary Measurement 货币计量 The business use a common unit of measurement in accounting for there transactions.
2. Cash Basis 收付实现制
18
Part 1 Fundamental Accounting 基础会计
Chapter 2 Accounting Equation and the Account 会计等式和账户
19
2.1 Accounting Equation 会计等式
The accounting equation states that assets equal liabilities plus equity. Assets = Liabilities + Equity always hold as long as no error has been made the basis of double-entry bookkeeping system doublethe basis of balance sheet
13
1.3 Underlying Assumption
Traditional Assumptions
1. Accounting Entity 会计主体 The business enterprise is viewed as a specific economic entity separate and distinct from its owners and any other business unit.
12
1.2 Objectives of Financial Reporting
Overall objective of financial reporting is to provide financial information useful to external users in making economic decisions. (a) provide information about the financial position（财务 position（财务 状况）, performance（经营成果）and 状况）, performance（经营成果）and changes in financial position （财务状况变动） of an entity that is useful to a wide range of users in making economic decisions； decisions； (b) show the results of the stewardship （受托责任） of management, or the accountability of management for the resources entrusted to it.
9
1.1 Nature and Content of Accounting
1.1.3 Users and Accounting Information
Internal users, who make decisions directly affecting the internal operations of the enterprise.
17
1.3 Underlying Assumption
IASB（International Accounting Standard Board）
国际会计准则理事会
---Underlying Assumptions ---Underlying 1. Accrual basis 权责发生制——Accounting 权责发生制——Accounting recognizes the effects of transactions and other events when they occur rather than only when cash or its equivalent is received or paid, and accounting reports these effects in the financial statements of the periods to which they relate.
1.1 Nature and Content of Accounting
External Users Internal Users Managerial Accounting Performance Evaluation Costing, Budgeting,g
2.
Objectives of Financial Reporting 财务报告目标
I. II.
3.
Underlying Assumptions 基本假设
I. II.
4
1.1 Nature and Content of Accounting
1.1.1 Business Environment
Not-for-profits 非营利组织 Organizations 组织 Businesses 企业
Two major classifications of stakeholders Internal users, who make decisions directly affecting the internal operations of the enterprise.
External users, who make decisions concerning their relationship to the enterprise.
2
Part 1 Fundamental Accounting 基础会计
Chapter 1 Accounting and Its Environments 会计与环境
3
Chapter 1 Accounting and Its Environments
1. Nature and Content of Accounting 会计的本质和内容
I. II. III. IV. V. Business Environment The Nature and Role of Accounting Users and Accounting Information Fields of Accounting The Accounting Process Financial Position, Performance and Changes in Financial Position Stewardship of Management (管理的受托责任） Traditional Assumptions IASB: Underlying Assumptions
16
1.3 Underlying Assumption
Traditional Assumptions
4. Accounting Period 会计分期 Accountants prepare meaningful financial reports for ongoing business by dividing their lives into reporting intervals of equal length.
Such as: Board of Directors Management Employees
10
External users, who make decisions concerning their relationship to the enterprise.
Such as: Investors & Creditors Suppliers & Customers Analysts Government & Community
20
2.2 Types of Commonly Used Accounts
1. Assets 资产 resources controlled by the entity 资产: as a result of past events and from which future economic benefits are expected to flow to the entity. Liabilities 负债 present obligations of the 负债: entity arising from past events, the settlement of which is expected to result in an outflow from the entity of resources embodying economic benefits. Equity 权益 the residual interest in the assets 权益: of the entity after deducting all its liabilities.