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SIMPL Windows基础教程 - 最终版

快思聪SIMPL Windows编程语言初级教程目录第一章快思聪SIMPL WINDOWS (5)概览 (5)关于初级教程 (5)快思聪开发软件 (6)SIMPL Windows (6)快思聪VisionTool Pro-e (6)DEAL TM for Windows (6)Media Manager TM System Builder (6)D3 Pro TM (7)数据库（Database） (7)产品目录光盘 (7)快思聪控制系统 (9)为什么对控制系统编程？ (9)控制系统组件 (9)主机 (9)网络控制模块 (10)Plug-in控制卡 (10)用户界面 (10)触摸屏 (10)键盘（按键面板） (10)无线摇控界面 (10)用户设备 (10)控制方式 (11)继电器控制 (11)串口通信控制 (11)红外 (11)自定义串量 (13)RS232，RS422，RS485 (13)MIDI（数字音乐设备接口） (14)模拟电压 (14)自定义快思聪接口界面 (14)Cresnet (14)第二章SIMPL WINDOWS编程 (16)SIMPL介绍 (16)函数库 (16)设备函数 (16)逻辑函数 (16)函数属性 (16)输入 (17)输出 (17)信号类型 (18)数字量 (18)模拟信号量 (18)串量 (19)特殊信号0和1 (19)逻辑波跟逻辑解决方案 (19)用户界面编程 (21)按钮动作 (21)按钮反馈 (21)子页（仅用于触摸屏） (23)模拟显示（仅用于触摸屏） (23)间接文本（仅用于触摸屏） (24)用SIMPL W INDOWS来创建一个程序 (25)编程步骤 (25)基本编程规则 (25)建立一个系统 (25)网络硬件 (28)控制插卡 (29)串口设备 (29)用户设备 (30)网络ID (30)配置设备 (31)快思聪网络设备 (31)以太网设备 (32)串口设备 (33)触摸屏 (33)连接信号 (34)定义用户界面信号 (34)使用逻辑函数 (35)第三章逻辑函数编程 (37)概述 (37)逻辑函数的类型 (37)基本逻辑 (38)NOT函数 (38)OR函数 (38)AND函数 (40)Buffer函数 (41)状态逻辑 (46)Set/Reset Latch函数 (46)Toggle函数 (47)Interlock函数 (49)基于时间的逻辑 (52)One Shot 系列 (52)Multiple One Shot (53)Retriggerable One Shot (53)Delay Symbol (54)Oscillator Symbol (55)模拟逻辑 (57)Analog Ramp函数 (57)Analog Initialize (58)Analog Preset函数 (59)Serial/Analog One-Shot (61)Modules模块 (61)Communication Settings (62)Compiling and Uploading Programs (64)第一章快思聪SIMPL Windows概览关于初级教程编写本教程的目的在于向程序设计人员介绍SIMPL windows编程技术以及如何应用快思聪控制系统，这包括对控制系统如何利用触摸屏和按钮作为用户界面的理解，通过这些界面，使用者可以发送一个信号（主要是逻辑函数）给控制系统处理后输出用以最终控制一个设备。

candence16.3安装和破解方法

这是我使用的安装和破解candence 16.3的详细步骤。

很多朋友有程序，也有破解，但是不知道怎么操作，我就是来帮助这些朋友的。

注意：由于博客图片的横向宽度限制，某些图片很模糊，请将图片保存到你的计算机，然后再查看，就会很清晰了。

1、我使用的ORCAD16.3是这个版本，SHooTERS的破解向来很著名！2、推荐使用WINMOUNT这个软件构建虚拟光驱，挂载ISO文件。

下图是挂载后ISO文件的内容：3、双击上图中的setup.exe，启动安装程序，弹出下图界面，首先安装License Manager：4、安装License Manager时，会碰到如下界面，选择Cancel：5、随后会弹出如下界面，选择Yes：6、点击Finish，完成License Manager的安装：7、将如下两个文件复制到LicenseManager安装目录中：8、碰到替换时，选择全部替换：9、用文档编辑器打开刚刚复制到LicenseManager目录中的orcad_163.lic，将第一行的“this_host”修改成自己的计算机名称：10、查看计算机名称，如下图所示，我的计算机名称是LEEB，而不是LEEB.就是说不包括尾部的句号！11、将orcad_163.lic重命名为license.lic，如下图所示：12、回到ORCAD的安装界面，点击Product Installation，开始安装ORCAD的各种产品：、碰到这个界面，什么都不用输入，直接点击Next：14、破解文件包含了所有产品许可，所以可以全部选择产品，也可以依据自己需要部分选择产品：15、我不需要这个特性，我选择None，然后点击Next：16、产品安装过程中，会跳出如下界面，在License Path输入5280@LEEB，请将LEEB替换成你自己的电脑的名称：17、随后会跳出该界面，点击Finish即可：18、等待一段时间，产品完成安装，点击Finish，退出安装程序19、复制orcad_163.exe到c:\Candence目录，或者你自己的安装目录：20、点击运行orcad_163.exe，等待程序完成破解：21、完成上一步后，按照下图打开程序：22、在如下弹出界面中点击Browse：23、选择LicenseManager目录中的license.lic（就是我们前面修改内容而且还重命名的那个文件）：24、点击上图中的Next，会看到下图，接着点击下图中的Next：25、接着会弹出这样一个令人迷惑的界面，不用理会：26、点击上图中Finish后，还可能出现下面警告，也不用理会，至此，破解已经完成：。

蒙代尔及最优货币区理论

“最优货币区”理论之父——蒙代尔
罗伯特•蒙代尔教授（Robert A. Mundell）一直担任美国哥伦比亚大学经济学教授。被誉为“最优货币区”理论之父；他构筑了国际宏观经济的标准模式；他是货币与财政政策混合理论的倡导者。
他重新解释了通涨和利息理论；他发展了贸易支付平衡的货币理论；他是供应学派的代表人。他的著作涵盖了整个国际货币体系的历史，并对欧元的诞生起到了决性的作用。
*
货币区参加者的成本
加入货币区后，对参加者来说最大的成本是，参加国失去了追求独立的货币政策的自由，并且还会丧失把汇率政策作为货币政策工具的好处。最佳货币区应当尽量从长久固定汇率中获得最大效益并使之达到最小的成本，但事实上，测度最佳货币区内每个成员国能从中获得多大收益和付出多少成本是件极困难的事。
世界经理人集团（ World Executive Group ）和世界品牌实验室（ World Brand Lab ）主席、1999年诺贝尔经济学奖获得者、“最优货币区理论”的奠基人，
*
《国际货币制度：冲突和改革》（蒙特利尔：加拿大私营规划协会，1965年）；《人类与经济学》（纽约：McGraw-Hill，1968年）；《国际经济学》（纽约：Macmillan，1968年）；《货币理论：世界经济中的利息、通货膨胀和增长》（加利福尼亚，Pacific Palisades：Goodyear，1971）；《新国际货币制度》（与共同编写,1977年）；《债务、赤字和经济状况》（1991年）；《中国的通货膨胀与增长》（与M. Guitian共同编写）（1996年）；《欧元作为国际货币制度的稳定器》（与A. Clesse共同编写）（2000年）。
彼得•凯南1969年提出以低程度多元化作为最适度通货区的标准。理论要点：产品多样化具有稳定性，不太受汇率的影响，可以采取固定汇率。产品非多元化应该采用灵活独立的通货区。

Developerstudio开发环境等

开。
一、Developer Studio开发环境
▪ 3，使用在线帮助 ▪ 查找DO的使用方法
二、用Word编辑下述公式
▪ 1、如何安装Mathtype ▪ 2、如何把Mathtype插入word中
工具自定义插入公式编辑器 ▪ 3、如何在Word文档中编辑文本的上下标
工具自定义格式上标（下标）[把它们拖到工具栏中即可]
-0 .5 -0 .6
M =12
-0 .7
M =16
-0 .8
M =20
-0 .9
M =22
-1 .0
M =24
-1 .1
M =26
-1 .2
M =28
-1 .3
M =30
-1 .4
K s o L = 0 .7
-1 .5
0 .0
0 .5
1 .0
1 .5
2 .0
W
三、用origin作基本图形
▪ 1、如何把Fortran生成的数据用Origin画图 ▪ 2、在Origin中如何修改图形 ▪ 3、如何把图插入word文档中
四、实验要求的格式
感谢
本节内容
▪ Developer Studio开发环境 ▪ Word公式编辑器 ▪ origin 绘图
一、Developer Studio开发环境
▪ 1，新工作空间、工程、程序的建立与运行 ▪ 建立一个工程、fortran程序，显示Hello！ ▪ 2，打开现存的工作空间、工程和程序 ▪ 把计算指数函数的程序的主程序和子程序分
二、用Word编辑下述公式
▪ 公式编辑器的使用
100
y
i1
xi b ex dx B dS
a 1 x
s

Economics DevelopmentM04_TodaroSmith013934_11_Econ_C04精品文档17页

industrializing firms sell • Shifting demand toward manufacturing goods
(usually produced in urban areas) • Help defray costs of essential infrastructure (a
more efficient sectors in the second stage
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.
4-10
4.6 Economic Development as SelfDiscovery
• Three building blocks of the theory; and case examples of their reasonableness in practice:
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.
• The Big Push: A Graphical Model, 6 assumptions
– One factor of production – Two sectors – Same production function for each sector – Consumers spend an equal amount on each good – Closed economy – Perfect competition with traditional firms operating, limit pricing
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.

journal of development economics投稿经验

以下是“journal of development economics”投稿的一些经验：
1. 做好充分的准备：在投稿之前，作者需要对论文进行多次修订和润色，确保论文的质量和清晰度。

同时，作者需要仔细阅读期刊的投稿指南，确保论文符合期刊的要求。

2. 选择合适的期刊：作者需要根据论文的质量和重要性选择合适的期刊。

在选择期刊时，作者需要考虑期刊的影响因子、论文的学科领域、审稿速度等因素。

3. 遵循投稿指南：在投稿时，作者需要严格遵循期刊的投稿指南，包括格式、文件大小、图表要求等。

这有助于加速论文的审稿过程，并提高论文被接受的几率。

4. 提供足够的信息：在提交论文时，作者需要提供足够的信息以帮助编辑和审稿人理解论文的内容和重要性。

这包括简短的摘要、关键词、图表说明等。

5. 耐心等待：投稿后，作者需要耐心等待编辑和审稿人的回复。

如果论文被接受，作者需要根据编辑和审稿人的建议进行修订和完善。

如果论文被拒绝，作者需要根据编辑和审稿人的建议进行修改后重新投稿。

总之，要想在“journal of development economics”上发表论文，作者需要准备充分，选择合适的期刊，严格遵循投稿指南，提供足够的信息，并耐心等待回复。

SolutionsManualforIntroductiontoModernEconomicGrow

Solutions Manual for Introduction to Modern EconomicGrowth 课程设计介绍本文档为 Introduction to Modern Economic Growth 课程设计的解答手册，旨在帮助学生更好地理解课程内容，并帮助教师更好地进行教学和评估学生学习情况。

Introduction to Modern Economic Growth 课程旨在介绍经济增长理论和实践的基本概念、工具和方法，以及其中的主要问题和争议。

本课程主要围绕经济增长的方方面面展开，课程内容涵盖复杂动态模型、人口增长、财政政策、创新和技术进步、投资和储蓄、收入分配等主题。

本文档将包含本课程中所有作业、测验和考试的答案和解释，其中涵盖的主题包括但不限于：•Solow-Swan 模型•Ramsey-Cass-Koopmans 模型•Lucas 模型•开放经济增长模型•技术进步和创新使用说明本文档为解答手册，仅适用于 Introduction to Modern Economic Growth 课程的授课教师和注册学生，不得用于商业目的。

本文档的解答仅供参考，不保证完全准确和全面，故读者不得将本文档的解答作为独立答案提交批改。

授课教师应该根据自己的判断和教学目的，结合作业、测验和考试的具体要求，对学生提交的答案进行综合评估。

内容目录本文档按照课程内容的顺序，为每个主题提供了解答，并在每个主题下面提供了相关习题的解答。

第一部分： Solow-Swan 模型•Solow 模型基本假设和方程•Solow 模型的稳态和动态效应•Solow 模型的经验检验•带人口增长和技术进步的 Solow 模型•Solow 模型的扩展 - 残留同质性模型第二部分： Ramsey-Cass-Koopmans 模型•Ramsey 模型基本假设和方程•Ramsey 模型的稳态和动态效应•Ramsey 模型相对于 Solow 模型的比较•Cass-Koopmans 模型与跨代模型•Cass-Koopmans 模型中的稳态和路径分析第三部分： Lucas 模型•Lucas 模型的基本假设和方程•Lucas 模型的平衡和稳态•Lucas 模型中的在线性化和泰勒扩展•Lucas 模型中的比较静态分析第四部分：开放经济增长模型•开放经济增长模型的定义和分类•开放经济增长模型的五个基本假设•开放经济增长模型中的汇率和资本流动•开放经济增长模型中的贸易政策和贸易自由化第五部分：技术进步和创新•技术进步的概念和分类•技术进步和经济增长的关系•创新的概念和类型•创新与经济增长的关系•知识产权和创新政策结论Introduction to Modern Economic Growth 课程涉及的主题和内容广泛深入，涵盖了现代经济增长理论和实践的众多方面。

OSHA现场作业手册说明书

DIRECTIVE NUMBER: CPL 02-00-150 EFFECTIVE DATE: April 22, 2011 SUBJECT: Field Operations Manual (FOM)ABSTRACTPurpose: This instruction cancels and replaces OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-148,Field Operations Manual (FOM), issued November 9, 2009, whichreplaced the September 26, 1994 Instruction that implemented the FieldInspection Reference Manual (FIRM). The FOM is a revision of OSHA’senforcement policies and procedures manual that provides the field officesa reference document for identifying the responsibilities associated withthe majority of their inspection duties. This Instruction also cancels OSHAInstruction FAP 01-00-003 Federal Agency Safety and Health Programs,May 17, 1996 and Chapter 13 of OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-045,Revised Field Operations Manual, June 15, 1989.Scope: OSHA-wide.References: Title 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1903.6, Advance Notice ofInspections; 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1903.14, Policy RegardingEmployee Rescue Activities; 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1903.19,Abatement Verification; 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1904.39,Reporting Fatalities and Multiple Hospitalizations to OSHA; and Housingfor Agricultural Workers: Final Rule, Federal Register, March 4, 1980 (45FR 14180).Cancellations: OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-148, Field Operations Manual, November9, 2009.OSHA Instruction FAP 01-00-003, Federal Agency Safety and HealthPrograms, May 17, 1996.Chapter 13 of OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-045, Revised FieldOperations Manual, June 15, 1989.State Impact: Notice of Intent and Adoption required. See paragraph VI.Action Offices: National, Regional, and Area OfficesOriginating Office: Directorate of Enforcement Programs Contact: Directorate of Enforcement ProgramsOffice of General Industry Enforcement200 Constitution Avenue, NW, N3 119Washington, DC 20210202-693-1850By and Under the Authority ofDavid Michaels, PhD, MPHAssistant SecretaryExecutive SummaryThis instruction cancels and replaces OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-148, Field Operations Manual (FOM), issued November 9, 2009. The one remaining part of the prior Field Operations Manual, the chapter on Disclosure, will be added at a later date. This Instruction also cancels OSHA Instruction FAP 01-00-003 Federal Agency Safety and Health Programs, May 17, 1996 and Chapter 13 of OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-045, Revised Field Operations Manual, June 15, 1989. This Instruction constitutes OSHA’s general enforcement policies and procedures manual for use by the field offices in conducting inspections, issuing citations and proposing penalties.Significant Changes∙A new Table of Contents for the entire FOM is added.∙ A new References section for the entire FOM is added∙ A new Cancellations section for the entire FOM is added.∙Adds a Maritime Industry Sector to Section III of Chapter 10, Industry Sectors.∙Revises sections referring to the Enhanced Enforcement Program (EEP) replacing the information with the Severe Violator Enforcement Program (SVEP).∙Adds Chapter 13, Federal Agency Field Activities.∙Cancels OSHA Instruction FAP 01-00-003, Federal Agency Safety and Health Programs, May 17, 1996.DisclaimerThis manual is intended to provide instruction regarding some of the internal operations of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and is solely for the benefit of the Government. No duties, rights, or benefits, substantive or procedural, are created or implied by this manual. The contents of this manual are not enforceable by any person or entity against the Department of Labor or the United States. Statements which reflect current Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission or court precedents do not necessarily indicate acquiescence with those precedents.Table of ContentsCHAPTER 1INTRODUCTIONI.PURPOSE. ........................................................................................................... 1-1 II.SCOPE. ................................................................................................................ 1-1 III.REFERENCES .................................................................................................... 1-1 IV.CANCELLATIONS............................................................................................. 1-8 V. ACTION INFORMATION ................................................................................. 1-8A.R ESPONSIBLE O FFICE.......................................................................................................................................... 1-8B.A CTION O FFICES. .................................................................................................................... 1-8C. I NFORMATION O FFICES............................................................................................................ 1-8 VI. STATE IMPACT. ................................................................................................ 1-8 VII.SIGNIFICANT CHANGES. ............................................................................... 1-9 VIII.BACKGROUND. ................................................................................................. 1-9 IX. DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY. ........................................................ 1-10A.T HE A CT................................................................................................................................................................. 1-10B. C OMPLIANCE S AFETY AND H EALTH O FFICER (CSHO). ...........................................................1-10B.H E/S HE AND H IS/H ERS ..................................................................................................................................... 1-10C.P ROFESSIONAL J UDGMENT............................................................................................................................... 1-10E. W ORKPLACE AND W ORKSITE ......................................................................................................................... 1-10CHAPTER 2PROGRAM PLANNINGI.INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 2-1 II.AREA OFFICE RESPONSIBILITIES. .............................................................. 2-1A.P ROVIDING A SSISTANCE TO S MALL E MPLOYERS. ...................................................................................... 2-1B.A REA O FFICE O UTREACH P ROGRAM. ............................................................................................................. 2-1C. R ESPONDING TO R EQUESTS FOR A SSISTANCE. ............................................................................................ 2-2 III. OSHA COOPERATIVE PROGRAMS OVERVIEW. ...................................... 2-2A.V OLUNTARY P ROTECTION P ROGRAM (VPP). ........................................................................... 2-2B.O NSITE C ONSULTATION P ROGRAM. ................................................................................................................ 2-2C.S TRATEGIC P ARTNERSHIPS................................................................................................................................. 2-3D.A LLIANCE P ROGRAM ........................................................................................................................................... 2-3 IV. ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM SCHEDULING. ................................................ 2-4A.G ENERAL ................................................................................................................................................................. 2-4B.I NSPECTION P RIORITY C RITERIA. ..................................................................................................................... 2-4C.E FFECT OF C ONTEST ............................................................................................................................................ 2-5D.E NFORCEMENT E XEMPTIONS AND L IMITATIONS. ....................................................................................... 2-6E.P REEMPTION BY A NOTHER F EDERAL A GENCY ........................................................................................... 2-6F.U NITED S TATES P OSTAL S ERVICE. .................................................................................................................. 2-7G.H OME-B ASED W ORKSITES. ................................................................................................................................ 2-8H.I NSPECTION/I NVESTIGATION T YPES. ............................................................................................................... 2-8 V.UNPROGRAMMED ACTIVITY – HAZARD EVALUATION AND INSPECTION SCHEDULING ............................................................................ 2-9 VI.PROGRAMMED INSPECTIONS. ................................................................... 2-10A.S ITE-S PECIFIC T ARGETING (SST) P ROGRAM. ............................................................................................. 2-10B.S CHEDULING FOR C ONSTRUCTION I NSPECTIONS. ..................................................................................... 2-10C.S CHEDULING FOR M ARITIME I NSPECTIONS. ............................................................................. 2-11D.S PECIAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (SEP S). ................................................................................... 2-12E.N ATIONAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (NEP S) ............................................................................... 2-13F.L OCAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (LEP S) AND R EGIONAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (REP S) ............ 2-13G.O THER S PECIAL P ROGRAMS. ............................................................................................................................ 2-13H.I NSPECTION S CHEDULING AND I NTERFACE WITH C OOPERATIVE P ROGRAM P ARTICIPANTS ....... 2-13CHAPTER 3INSPECTION PROCEDURESI.INSPECTION PREPARATION. .......................................................................... 3-1 II.INSPECTION PLANNING. .................................................................................. 3-1A.R EVIEW OF I NSPECTION H ISTORY .................................................................................................................... 3-1B.R EVIEW OF C OOPERATIVE P ROGRAM P ARTICIPATION .............................................................................. 3-1C.OSHA D ATA I NITIATIVE (ODI) D ATA R EVIEW .......................................................................................... 3-2D.S AFETY AND H EALTH I SSUES R ELATING TO CSHO S.................................................................. 3-2E.A DVANCE N OTICE. ................................................................................................................................................ 3-3F.P RE-I NSPECTION C OMPULSORY P ROCESS ...................................................................................................... 3-5G.P ERSONAL S ECURITY C LEARANCE. ................................................................................................................. 3-5H.E XPERT A SSISTANCE. ........................................................................................................................................... 3-5 III. INSPECTION SCOPE. ......................................................................................... 3-6A.C OMPREHENSIVE ................................................................................................................................................... 3-6B.P ARTIAL. ................................................................................................................................................................... 3-6 IV. CONDUCT OF INSPECTION .............................................................................. 3-6A.T IME OF I NSPECTION............................................................................................................................................. 3-6B.P RESENTING C REDENTIALS. ............................................................................................................................... 3-6C.R EFUSAL TO P ERMIT I NSPECTION AND I NTERFERENCE ............................................................................. 3-7D.E MPLOYEE P ARTICIPATION. ............................................................................................................................... 3-9E.R ELEASE FOR E NTRY ............................................................................................................................................ 3-9F.B ANKRUPT OR O UT OF B USINESS. .................................................................................................................... 3-9G.E MPLOYEE R ESPONSIBILITIES. ................................................................................................. 3-10H.S TRIKE OR L ABOR D ISPUTE ............................................................................................................................. 3-10I. V ARIANCES. .......................................................................................................................................................... 3-11 V. OPENING CONFERENCE. ................................................................................ 3-11A.G ENERAL ................................................................................................................................................................ 3-11B.R EVIEW OF A PPROPRIATION A CT E XEMPTIONS AND L IMITATION. ..................................................... 3-13C.R EVIEW S CREENING FOR P ROCESS S AFETY M ANAGEMENT (PSM) C OVERAGE............................. 3-13D.R EVIEW OF V OLUNTARY C OMPLIANCE P ROGRAMS. ................................................................................ 3-14E.D ISRUPTIVE C ONDUCT. ...................................................................................................................................... 3-15F.C LASSIFIED A REAS ............................................................................................................................................. 3-16VI. REVIEW OF RECORDS. ................................................................................... 3-16A.I NJURY AND I LLNESS R ECORDS...................................................................................................................... 3-16B.R ECORDING C RITERIA. ...................................................................................................................................... 3-18C. R ECORDKEEPING D EFICIENCIES. .................................................................................................................. 3-18 VII. WALKAROUND INSPECTION. ....................................................................... 3-19A.W ALKAROUND R EPRESENTATIVES ............................................................................................................... 3-19B.E VALUATION OF S AFETY AND H EALTH M ANAGEMENT S YSTEM. ....................................................... 3-20C.R ECORD A LL F ACTS P ERTINENT TO A V IOLATION. ................................................................................. 3-20D.T ESTIFYING IN H EARINGS ................................................................................................................................ 3-21E.T RADE S ECRETS. ................................................................................................................................................. 3-21F.C OLLECTING S AMPLES. ..................................................................................................................................... 3-22G.P HOTOGRAPHS AND V IDEOTAPES.................................................................................................................. 3-22H.V IOLATIONS OF O THER L AWS. ....................................................................................................................... 3-23I.I NTERVIEWS OF N ON-M ANAGERIAL E MPLOYEES .................................................................................... 3-23J.M ULTI-E MPLOYER W ORKSITES ..................................................................................................................... 3-27 K.A DMINISTRATIVE S UBPOENA.......................................................................................................................... 3-27 L.E MPLOYER A BATEMENT A SSISTANCE. ........................................................................................................ 3-27 VIII. CLOSING CONFERENCE. .............................................................................. 3-28A.P ARTICIPANTS. ..................................................................................................................................................... 3-28B.D ISCUSSION I TEMS. ............................................................................................................................................ 3-28C.A DVICE TO A TTENDEES .................................................................................................................................... 3-29D.P ENALTIES............................................................................................................................................................. 3-30E.F EASIBLE A DMINISTRATIVE, W ORK P RACTICE AND E NGINEERING C ONTROLS. ............................ 3-30F.R EDUCING E MPLOYEE E XPOSURE. ................................................................................................................ 3-32G.A BATEMENT V ERIFICATION. ........................................................................................................................... 3-32H.E MPLOYEE D ISCRIMINATION .......................................................................................................................... 3-33 IX. SPECIAL INSPECTION PROCEDURES. ...................................................... 3-33A.F OLLOW-UP AND M ONITORING I NSPECTIONS............................................................................................ 3-33B.C ONSTRUCTION I NSPECTIONS ......................................................................................................................... 3-34C. F EDERAL A GENCY I NSPECTIONS. ................................................................................................................. 3-35CHAPTER 4VIOLATIONSI. BASIS OF VIOLATIONS ..................................................................................... 4-1A.S TANDARDS AND R EGULATIONS. .................................................................................................................... 4-1B.E MPLOYEE E XPOSURE. ........................................................................................................................................ 4-3C.R EGULATORY R EQUIREMENTS. ........................................................................................................................ 4-6D.H AZARD C OMMUNICATION. .............................................................................................................................. 4-6E. E MPLOYER/E MPLOYEE R ESPONSIBILITIES ................................................................................................... 4-6 II. SERIOUS VIOLATIONS. .................................................................................... 4-8A.S ECTION 17(K). ......................................................................................................................... 4-8B.E STABLISHING S ERIOUS V IOLATIONS ............................................................................................................ 4-8C. F OUR S TEPS TO BE D OCUMENTED. ................................................................................................................... 4-8 III. GENERAL DUTY REQUIREMENTS ............................................................. 4-14A.E VALUATION OF G ENERAL D UTY R EQUIREMENTS ................................................................................. 4-14B.E LEMENTS OF A G ENERAL D UTY R EQUIREMENT V IOLATION.............................................................. 4-14C. U SE OF THE G ENERAL D UTY C LAUSE ........................................................................................................ 4-23D.L IMITATIONS OF U SE OF THE G ENERAL D UTY C LAUSE. ..............................................................E.C LASSIFICATION OF V IOLATIONS C ITED U NDER THE G ENERAL D UTY C LAUSE. ..................F. P ROCEDURES FOR I MPLEMENTATION OF S ECTION 5(A)(1) E NFORCEMENT ............................ 4-25 4-27 4-27IV.OTHER-THAN-SERIOUS VIOLATIONS ............................................... 4-28 V.WILLFUL VIOLATIONS. ......................................................................... 4-28A.I NTENTIONAL D ISREGARD V IOLATIONS. ..........................................................................................4-28B.P LAIN I NDIFFERENCE V IOLATIONS. ...................................................................................................4-29 VI. CRIMINAL/WILLFUL VIOLATIONS. ................................................... 4-30A.A REA D IRECTOR C OORDINATION ....................................................................................................... 4-31B.C RITERIA FOR I NVESTIGATING P OSSIBLE C RIMINAL/W ILLFUL V IOLATIONS ........................ 4-31C. W ILLFUL V IOLATIONS R ELATED TO A F ATALITY .......................................................................... 4-32 VII. REPEATED VIOLATIONS. ...................................................................... 4-32A.F EDERAL AND S TATE P LAN V IOLATIONS. ........................................................................................4-32B.I DENTICAL S TANDARDS. .......................................................................................................................4-32C.D IFFERENT S TANDARDS. .......................................................................................................................4-33D.O BTAINING I NSPECTION H ISTORY. .....................................................................................................4-33E.T IME L IMITATIONS..................................................................................................................................4-34F.R EPEATED V. F AILURE TO A BATE....................................................................................................... 4-34G. A REA D IRECTOR R ESPONSIBILITIES. .............................................................................. 4-35 VIII. DE MINIMIS CONDITIONS. ................................................................... 4-36A.C RITERIA ................................................................................................................................................... 4-36B.P ROFESSIONAL J UDGMENT. ..................................................................................................................4-37C. A REA D IRECTOR R ESPONSIBILITIES. .............................................................................. 4-37 IX. CITING IN THE ALTERNATIVE ............................................................ 4-37 X. COMBINING AND GROUPING VIOLATIONS. ................................... 4-37A.C OMBINING. ..............................................................................................................................................4-37B.G ROUPING. ................................................................................................................................................4-38C. W HEN N OT TO G ROUP OR C OMBINE. ................................................................................................4-38 XI. HEALTH STANDARD VIOLATIONS ....................................................... 4-39A.C ITATION OF V ENTILATION S TANDARDS ......................................................................................... 4-39B.V IOLATIONS OF THE N OISE S TANDARD. ...........................................................................................4-40 XII. VIOLATIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY PROTECTION STANDARD(§1910.134). ....................................................................................................... XIII. VIOLATIONS OF AIR CONTAMINANT STANDARDS (§1910.1000) ... 4-43 4-43A.R EQUIREMENTS UNDER THE STANDARD: .................................................................................................. 4-43B.C LASSIFICATION OF V IOLATIONS OF A IR C ONTAMINANT S TANDARDS. ......................................... 4-43 XIV. CITING IMPROPER PERSONAL HYGIENE PRACTICES. ................... 4-45A.I NGESTION H AZARDS. .................................................................................................................................... 4-45B.A BSORPTION H AZARDS. ................................................................................................................................ 4-46C.W IPE S AMPLING. ............................................................................................................................................. 4-46D.C ITATION P OLICY ............................................................................................................................................ 4-46 XV. BIOLOGICAL MONITORING. ...................................................................... 4-47CHAPTER 5CASE FILE PREPARATION AND DOCUMENTATIONI.INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 5-1 II.INSPECTION CONDUCTED, CITATIONS BEING ISSUED. .................... 5-1A.OSHA-1 ................................................................................................................................... 5-1B.OSHA-1A. ............................................................................................................................... 5-1C. OSHA-1B. ................................................................................................................................ 5-2 III.INSPECTION CONDUCTED BUT NO CITATIONS ISSUED .................... 5-5 IV.NO INSPECTION ............................................................................................... 5-5 V. HEALTH INSPECTIONS. ................................................................................. 5-6A.D OCUMENT P OTENTIAL E XPOSURE. ............................................................................................................... 5-6B.E MPLOYER’S O CCUPATIONAL S AFETY AND H EALTH S YSTEM. ............................................................. 5-6 VI. AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSES............................................................................. 5-8A.B URDEN OF P ROOF. .............................................................................................................................................. 5-8B.E XPLANATIONS. ..................................................................................................................................................... 5-8 VII. INTERVIEW STATEMENTS. ........................................................................ 5-10A.G ENERALLY. ......................................................................................................................................................... 5-10B.CSHO S SHALL OBTAIN WRITTEN STATEMENTS WHEN: .......................................................................... 5-10C.L ANGUAGE AND W ORDING OF S TATEMENT. ............................................................................................. 5-11D.R EFUSAL TO S IGN S TATEMENT ...................................................................................................................... 5-11E.V IDEO AND A UDIOTAPED S TATEMENTS. ..................................................................................................... 5-11F.A DMINISTRATIVE D EPOSITIONS. .............................................................................................5-11 VIII. PAPERWORK AND WRITTEN PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS. .......... 5-12 IX.GUIDELINES FOR CASE FILE DOCUMENTATION FOR USE WITH VIDEOTAPES AND AUDIOTAPES .............................................................. 5-12 X.CASE FILE ACTIVITY DIARY SHEET. ..................................................... 5-12 XI. CITATIONS. ..................................................................................................... 5-12A.S TATUTE OF L IMITATIONS. .............................................................................................................................. 5-13B.I SSUING C ITATIONS. ........................................................................................................................................... 5-13C.A MENDING/W ITHDRAWING C ITATIONS AND N OTIFICATION OF P ENALTIES. .................................. 5-13D.P ROCEDURES FOR A MENDING OR W ITHDRAWING C ITATIONS ............................................................ 5-14 XII. INSPECTION RECORDS. ............................................................................... 5-15A.G ENERALLY. ......................................................................................................................................................... 5-15B.R ELEASE OF I NSPECTION I NFORMATION ..................................................................................................... 5-15C. C LASSIFIED AND T RADE S ECRET I NFORMATION ...................................................................................... 5-16。

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Developer Economics：全球仅16%的开发者在开发企业移动
应用
Developer Economics最近对全球逾130个国家和地区的1万名开发者进行的一项调查显示，尽管利润最为丰厚，但只有16%的全球开发者开发面向企业的移动应用。

调查显示，在企业移动应用开发者中，每月每款应用的收入超过5000美元(约合人民币30841元)的人数为消费移动应用开发者的2倍；每月每款应用收入超过2.5万美元(约合人民币15.4万元)的开发者中，企业移动应用开发者是消费移动应用开发者的约3倍。

据福布斯网站报道，Developer Economics最近对全球逾130个国家和地区的1万名开发者进行的一项调查显示，尽管利润最为丰厚，但只有16%的全球开发者开发面向企业的移动应用。

调查显示，在企业移动应用开发者中，每月每款应用的收入超过5000美元
(约合人民币30841元)的人数为消费移动应用开发者的2倍；每月每款应用收入超过2.5万美元(约合人民币15.4万元)的开发者中，企业移动应用开发者是消费移动应用开发者的约3倍。

Developer Economics发现，98%的财富500强企业部署了苹果iOS操作系统，在每月每款应用收入超过2.5万美元的企业应用开发者中，iOS开发者的数量是Android的约2.5倍。

调查显示，在iOS上开发企业应用的报酬要高得多。

尽管企业IT利润最为丰厚，但只占到全球开发者社区的8%，产品扩充功能占到开发者社区的8%，数字内容发布的占比为4%。

企业类移动应用占到移动应用营收的35%。

与以往相比，平台之间对开发者的争夺更为激烈了。

Developer Economics 发现，每名开发者面向的平台平均数量由一年前的2.9，减少至今年第一季度的
2.5和第二季度的2.2.
在受访的开发者中，把Android和iOS作为主要开发平台的占比分别为42%和32%。

58%的Android开发者使用Java语言，53%的iOS开发者使用Objective-C 语言，63%的Windows Phone开发者使用C#语言。

很显然，许多开发者和公司的处境都不太好。

24%的开发者和公司没有任何收入，88%的月收入不足1万美元(约合人民币6.17万元)，9%的月收入在1万-10万美元(约合人民币6.17万-61.7万元)之间，只有2%的开发者的月收入超过10万美元。

调查还显示，绝大多数移动应用开发者都开发游戏类应用。

自：搜狐IT。