2001届-2018届北京市18年高考英语真题试卷题型分类专题汇编--阅读理解A篇--学生版(已校对)

第三部分：阅读理解(共25小题。

A节每小题2分, B节每小题1分;满分45分)阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项中, 选出一个最佳答案。

AEvery year thousands of tourists visit Pompeii, Italy. They see the sights that Pompeii is famous for--its stadium(运动场)and theaters, its shops and restaurants. The tourists do not, however, see Pompeii's people. They do not see them because Pompeii has no people. No one has lived in Pompeii for almost 2000 years.Once, Pompeii was a busy city of 22000 people. It lay at the foot of Mount Vesuvius, a grass-covered volcano(火山).Mount Vesuvius had not erupted (喷发)for centuries, so the people of Pompeii felt safe. But they were not.In August of AD 79, Mount Vesuvius erupted. The entire top of the mountain exploded, and a huge black cloud rose into the air. Soon stones and hot ash began to fall on Pompeii. When the eruption ended two days later, Pompeii was buried under 20 feet of stones and ashes. Almost all of its people were dead.For centuries, Pompeii lay buried under stone and ash.Then, in the year 1861, an Italian scientist named Ginseppe began to uncover Pompeii. Slowly, carefully, Ginseppe and his men dug. The city looked almost the same as it had looked in AD 79. There were streets and fountains, houses and shops. There was a stadium with 20000 seats. Perhaps the most important of all, there were everyday objects, which tell us a great deal about the people who lived in Pompeii. Many glasses and jars had some dark blue colour in the bottom, so we know that the people of Pompeii liked wine. They liked bread, too; metal bread pans were in every bakery. In one bakery there were 81 round, flat loaves of bread- a type of bread that is still sold in Italy today. Tiny boxes filled with a dark, shiny powder tell us that women like to wear eye-makeup.Ginseppe has died, but his work continues. One-fourth has not been uncovered yet. Scientists are still digging, still making discoveries that draw the tourists to Pompeii.51.Why do large numbers of people come to Pompeii each year?A.To visit the volcanoB.To shop and eat there.C.To watch sports and playsD.To see how Pompeiians lived.52.Why had so many Pompeiians remained by volcanic Mount Vesuvius?A.The city nearby offered ll kinds of fun.B.The area produced the finest wine in Italy.C.Few people expected the volcano to erupt again.D.The mountain was beautiful and covered with grass.53.Why did the city uncovered look almost the same as it had looked in AD 79?A.Because Ginseppe and his men dug it slowly and carefully.B.Because the city was buried alive and remained untouched.C.Because scientists successfully rebuilt the city with everyday objects.D.Because nobody had lived in the city ever since the volcano erupted.54.What do we know about the Pompeiians who lived 2000 years ago?A.They lived more or less the same as Italians now do.B.They liked women wearing all kinds of makeup.C.They enjoyed a lazy life with drinking and eating.D.They went back to Pompeii after the eruption in AD 79.第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分, 满分40分）阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。

AOne of the greatest killers in the Western world in heart disease.The death rate （率）from the disease has been increasing at an alarming speed for the past thirty years.Today in Britain,for example,about four hundred people a day die of heart disease. Mdical experts know that people can reduce their chances of getting heart disease by exercising regularly,by not smoking,by changing their diets,and by paying more attention to reducing stress (压力) in their work .However,Western health-care systems are still not paying enough attention to the prevention of the disease.There is a need for more programs to educate the public about the causes and prevention of heart disease .Instead of supporting such programs,however,the U.S.health-care system is spending large sums of money on the surgical (外科的) treatment of the disease after it develops.This emphasis (强调) on treatment clearly has something to do with the technological advances that have taken place in the past ten to fifteen years.In this time,modern technology hasenabled doctors to develop new surgical techniques.Many operations that were considered impossible or too risky (有风险的) a few years ago are now performed every day in U.S.hospitals.The result had been a huge increase in heart surgery.Although there is no doubt that heart surgery can help a large number of people,some people point out that the emphasis on the surgical treatment of the disease has three clear disadvantages.First,it attracts interest and money away from the question of prevention.Second,it causes the costs of general hospital care to rise.After hospitals buy the expensive equipment that is necessary for modern heart surgery,they must try to recover the money they have spent.To do this,they raise costs for all their patients,not just those patients whose treatment requires the equipment.The third disadvantage is that doctors are encouraged to perform surgery—even on patients for whom an operation is unnecessary—because the equipment and expert skills are there.A government office recently stated that major heart surgery was often performed even though its chances of success were low.In one type of heart surgery,for example ,only 15 percent of patients improved their conditions after the surgery.However,more than 100,000 of these operations are performed in the United States every year.56. What effect has modern technology had on medicine ?A. It has reduced the costs of medical treatment.B. It has helped save the lives of most patients.C. It has encouraged doctors to do more heart surgeries.D. It has helped educate people about the prevention of heart disease.57. ―To do this‖（in Paragraph 3）means .A. to help patients recoverB. to increase the number of heart surgeriesC. to get back the money spent on the equipmentD. to buy new equipment for the treatment to heart disease58. The author would agree that .A. more money should be spent on the prevention of heart diseaseB. heart surgery has helped most patients improve their conditionsC. modern technology has made heart surgery more risky than beforeD. the public have known a great deal about the causes of heart disease59. What would be the best title for the passage ?A. The Greatest Killer in the WestB. Heart Disease:Treat or PreventC. Modern Technology and Heart SurgeryD. Heart Surgery:Advantages and Disadvantages第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分, 满分40分）阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。