Settlements Ecological Ereas Design Abstract
永定河英文介绍
永定河英文介绍永定河（Yongding River）是中国北方的一条重要河流，流经北京市及河北省的一些地区。
以下是对永定河的英文介绍：The Yongding River, spanning across northern China, is a significant river that traverses through Beijing and various regions of Hebei Province. It holds historical, cultural, and ecological importance in the region.Key Features:●Course: The Yongding River originates in the Yuquan Mountain of Beijing and flows throughseveral districts of the city, including Mentougou and Fengtai, before continuing its course through Hebei Province.●Length: With a total length of approximately 524 kilometers, the river plays a crucial role inthe water resources of the region.●Cultural Significance: Historically, the Yongding River has been integral to the developmentand prosperity of the areas it passes through. It has witnessed the growth of settlements and played a role in agricultural practices.●Ecological Importance: The river and its surrounding areas provide a diverse ecosystem thatsupports various species of flora and fauna. Wetlands along its course serve as habitats for migratory birds.●Water Management: Given its importance, efforts have been made to manage and protectthe Yongding River's water resources. Water conservation projects and ecological restoration initiatives aim to ensure the sustainability of the river's ecosystem.●Challenges: Like many rivers worldwide, the Yongding River faces challenges such aspollution and water scarcity. Ongoing conservation projects are addressing these issues to maintain the ecological balance and preserve the river's vitality.●Tourism and Recreation: The scenic beauty of the Yongding River, coupled with its culturalsignificance, attracts tourists and locals alike. Some areas along its banks offer recreational activities and opportunities to appreciate nature.In summary, the Yongding River stands as a vital watercourse with historical, cultural, and ecological significance in northern China, contributing to the region's development and offering a diverse environment for both residents and visitors.。
休闲住区环境景观设计原则探讨
Leisure settlements environmental principles of landscape designAbstract: the survival of mankind conventional requirements, the requirements of aesthetic, ecological requirements are based on a two-tier suburbs and the ecological concept of leisure settlements landscape design principles, with a view to leisure settlements provide the basis for environmental landscape design, Settlements for the leisure landscape of the environment and the ecological environment created to provide some help.Keywords: landscape design aesthetic environment leisure SettlementsEcological functions of the modern leisure settlements is a form of urban settlements, a two-tier suburbs and ecological concepts, create a landscape in the urban landscape with the biggest difference is that the latter is the first building to the landscape elements or Performance, and the leisure settlements should be firmly implemented to plants and natural landscape as the first element or performance of the principle. This is not only the aesthetic practices and aesthetic effect on the show and the different cities, reflects a higher level of natural beauty, but more importantly also to provide more ecosystem services, so that the region's environment is better and more useful On human health. To achieve such a Ziran Wu as the first elements of the landscape settlements, we think we should focus on the following three aspects: 11 principles:1. The basic requirements1.1 NaturalizationLeisure life is to avoid tension and noisy city, is the return to nature, therefore landscape and the impact of a very prominent role. Generally speaking, the leisure landscape and garden arrangements must be natural, or to reflect the original nature of the United States, or reflect idyllic scenery and avoid artificial Diaozhuo marks. Even in the natural ecological system has been seriously damaged abandoned the ground, should also be possible to restore the original appearance of the ecosystem or to the environment and local conditions suited to the direction of creating a pastoral scenery. Landscape and garden plants is the first element in their choice, we should make moreuse of local native trees, growth, and can provide the greatest ecological services, maintenance costs low.1.2 people becoming staticLeisure Landscape Architecture Planning and Design, should be based on guiding people tend to alleviate the feelings of calm, the zone has a Juechen refined feeling, and feel the tension in the world outside is not the same, the people suddenly relaxed down. Plants do not contrast too much with color, anti simple and large areas of tension in the geometric composition, a guide lines, of course, also need to avoid further chaos and broken. Waterscape arrangements should also be quieter than the hubbub. Pieces sculpture to be quiet and warm, do not张狂. The introduction of animals to moderate the beautiful but not ugly frightening. Of course, not understanding the leisure to do everywhere in the settlements quietly. Local bustling place or in need, such as clubs, beaches, pier, retail and other commercial areas.2. Aesthetic requirements2.1 The principle themePlanning should have any garden theme, including the overall theme and sub-,sub-theme, it is landscape planning control and guidance, Qie outline of a leading role. But in Fuzao the planning of urban settlements, often subject to cancellation, and meet in a no ideological, scientific and functional arrangements of the letter I mark, calling a stag a horse of the so-called "beautiful" painting. And compared with urban settlements, leisure settlements higher grades, is also planning standards should be higher and more of talent, only thinking of the election a depth of the subject, can make a really good landscape planning.2.2 the principle of points - lineThe so-called face, refers to the entire community or area of a relatively independent part of the landscape garden in the building of the space. But the whole area of the plane homogenization not create a good visual effects, there should be some limits for the program, the division of space, that difference, guide or blocking line of sight.Line and the line will cross, the line is too long for easily cause blurred vision also need continuity, will be a presence. Properly handle the relations among these, the landscape on the kind Zou Bule. If unable to grasp, has done more detail, drawing in the paintings to "look good", but also to Zuobu Chu good landscape.2.3 The principle of ShoufangA good leisure settlements landscape planning, attention should be open and covert features, as far as possible together. Open space gives the big shock is the other way can not be replaced, as long as there is sufficient space should be given to appropriate large space, such as tablets into the green land, water, hotels, construction and other public. There are two hidden meaning, referring to the visual impact of the first things hidden, such as refuse collection points, gardening compost market, pipelines wells, filtration ponds, retaining walls, is a passive meet. More importantly, the landscape is a layer of meaning to a level layout, the best time to show (just like that crosstalk "of the burden"), is a proactive Landscaping. Of course, there are now half-hidden, such as the leisure mountain villa in the landscape to deal with a Ruoyinruoxian in the woods a good choice.2.4 principle of balancedUrban settlements and the building of a common area of push-the practice of different venues, leisure settlements in the overall layout of the implementation of the "respect for the natural topography as much as possible" principle, it is a safeguard and stressed that differences in approach. But this does not mean that not balanced, even in the natural topography of the lots are very complicated, but also as far as possible so that all parts of the theme of the detail in response to partial Shen and unsystematic flu. Of course, is not the pursuit of absolute or mechanical geometric symmetry, which gives a lively sense rather than rigid. Implementation of this principle it is very difficult, the quality of the planning division of the highly demanding.3. Ecological functions considered3.1 comfortable environment to the principleHabitat Area of the design, of course, people-oriented, and reflects the concern of the people, especially leisure settlements. Should take the initiative to help plants and other biological species, the ecological factors people feel more comfortable toward the direction of adjustment. For this reason, consideration should be given more biological measures to give full play to their ecological services. If we consider the choice of street trees create a sidewalk lined effect, consider appropriate fast track to stay over in order to increase the proliferation of air pollution in southern China, buildings north of the tall trees Nongyin choice of Chang Lvshu to block winter Arresting the north and north in summer sun, the south side of the main choice of crown-shaped stand of conifers than dilute branches or species, the winter deciduous broad-leaved species, sunny room in winter, resulting in dry warm effect. Another example is appropriate for the walls and roof greening, played the role of indoor cooling; interludes to release more negative oxygen ions conifer species or both sterilization have Qingxiang smell of eucalyptus species type, so that fresh air, and so on.3.2 the principle of pollution preventionOn the one hand, is the meticulous and thoughtful consideration of the possible environmental effects, on the one hand, as far as possible so that such a role to play to extreme. Such as the use of the large amount of tall trees, the characteristics of high primary productivity, to the absorption of carbon dioxide and release oxygen to make greater contribution to the transport route in the face of the local establishment of the thick dust from the noise of the high Hedgerow the use of conifer Eucalyptus species type and the secretion of endogenous substances sterilization clean up the air the use of anaerobic micro-organisms in the water and sewerage treatment, and then choose the fast growth of biogas (water) plants absorb and filter through anaerobic digestion treated wastewater in the suspended solids and Can lead to eutrophication-nutrient pollution in the restocking of fresh water fish Jiejue to reduce pesticide use, and so on.3.3 system the principle of stabilityLeisure settlements are often built on the mountain, Shuipan, sea and other places,these places is situated on the edge of ecological convergence zone, natural landscape although good, but geological, hydrological, meteorological, biological factors all a balance between relatively weak. More a result of natural forces in disasters such as landslides and mud-rock flow, collapse, subsidence, floods, typhoons and so on. In order to take preventive measures, in the initial planning of the environment on the stability of started to consider the issue, that is a very necessary. Improve the environmental stability of two ways: First: to respect as much as possible in the planning of the local geology, topography, soil, hydrology, vegetation status quo, because it is all natural forces Qianwannianlai role in the outcome of balance, if you forced it destroyed , May cause ecosystems chain of degenerative changes, or it also restore the original state, and you spend the investment to build things and the landscape for some or all of the damage out. Second, in maintaining and strengthening the stability of the measures, biological measures should be preferred, because these things can live through the adaptation and adjustment and other ecological factors and a balance, although in the short term is not necessarily the best, However, long-term perspective is the most stable. Measures in this regard, such as biological slope protection, such as biological Gudi.3.4 suitable species and reasonable layout of the principle of communityThe thrust of ecology, and biological and environmental unity. Although many beautiful plants, are not suited to the development of the environment can not. The plants and animals can grow well to achieve the best visual effects and provide the largest ecosystem services, in addition to environment-related and large, been involved in various groups to create the interaction between the communities on the environment. Therefore, the nature of the community group with, or even more important. For example, open lawn and turf optional Woodland different grasses, translucent under the tree and Nongyin trees and shrubs under the optional plant to be different from the root to produce grams of the substance of the mangrove bushes important not to arrange a King but The lower deck open for camping; big fish in the pond to herbivores, and so on, are reflected in this area to consider.3.5 cycle of the principle of materialIn understanding the ecosystem of material circulating on the basis of design, regulation of leisure settlements ecological cycle of the material so that it is conducive to the interests of the direction of human development, ecological settlements is the main content. Specific to the settlements planning, the first is to reduce the level of material input and output to reduce property and the cost of living further improve efficiency (the principle of giving priority to efficiency and the concrete), and the other is to reduce the settlements within and outside the eutrophication of pollution, in order to reduce Living area for the maintenance of cultivated plants and the use of fertilizers in all aspects of further reducing its risks. For example, Gong roof greening area recommend organic ecological soilless cultivation technology, the park is to the litter and sewage accumulated in the course of the nutrition-once again utilize. Another example is the use of sewage treatment plant system, also includes a consideration in this regard.In short, leisure settlements of environmental design includes two levels of problems, namely, landscape and ecological design. In connection with the design of specific environmental features of the landscape and ecological environment in hydrology, flora and fauna, and other factors, aesthetic, ecological and economic cycle, such as Theory as the guide, and leisure settlements beautify the landscape, ecological and environmental optimization Sustainability.休闲住区环境景观设计原则探讨摘要：以人类的生存的常规要求，美学的要求，生态的要求为主探讨了具有郊区和生态两层概念的休闲住区的景观设计原则，以期为休闲住区的环境景观设计提供依据，也为休闲住区景观环境和生态环境的创造提供一些帮助。
环境英语作文
环境英语作文Environmental English Essay。
Environmental issues have become increasingly prevalent in recent years, prompting global concern and action. As responsible members of society, we must recognize the urgency of addressing these challenges and strive towards creating a sustainable future.Importance of Environmental Conservation。
Preserving our environment is crucial for our well-being and the planet's delicate ecosystems. A healthy environment provides us with essential resources, such as air, water, and food. It also supports a vast array of plant and animal species, maintaining biodiversity and ensuring ecological balance. By safeguarding our environment, we secure these indispensable resources for present and future generations.Causes and Consequences of Environmental Degradation。
Human activities have significantly contributed to environmental degradation. Pollution, deforestation, and overconsumption have disrupted natural processes and ecosystems. Air pollution, caused by emissions from factories and vehicles, harms our health and can lead to respiratory illnesses. Water pollution, primarily from industrial waste and agricultural runoff, contaminates our waterways and threatens aquatic life. Deforestation, driven by urban expansion and agriculture, destroys habitats and disrupts the carbon cycle. Overconsumption of resources, coupled with inefficient production and waste management practices, depletes natural capital and generates excessive waste.Climate Change and Its Impacts。
关于环境的英语词汇
干旱Drought全球变暖Global warming温室效应Greenhouse effect湿度Humidity微气候影响Microclimate effects海平面上升Sea level rise人工影响天气Weather modification岩石圈LITHOSPHERE固态地球Solid Earth洞穴Caves地震活动Seismic activity土壤Soils农用土地Agricultural land碱地Alkali lands污染的土地Contaminated land污染的土壤Contaminated soil沙坑Gravel pits荒地Heath lands土地承载能力Land carrying capacity土地污染Land pollution土地开垦Land reclamation土地恢复Land restoration土地使用分类Land use classification边缘土地Marginal lands沙石开采Sand extraction沉积Sedimentation土壤潜力Soil capabilities土壤保持Soil conservation土壤污染Soil contamination土壤退化Soil degradation地震监测Seismic monitoring火山Volcanoes风蚀Wind erosion陆地生态系统TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS大气ATMOSPHERE大气组成Atmospheric composition 空气质量Air quality大气化学Atmospheric chemistry大气成分Atmospheric components大气颗粒物Atmospheric particulates二氧化碳Carbon dioxide温室气体Greenhouse gasesadverse weather condition 恶劣的天气状况desertification 沙漠化sandstorm 沙尘暴air quality rating 空气质量评级visibility 能见度sand and dust weather 沙尘天气cold snap 寒潮stormy wind 暴风blizzard 大风雪snowstorm 暴风雪ice rain 冻雨thunderstorm 雷暴hail/hailstone 冰雹frosty 霜冻cold spell 春寒期dry spell 干旱期drought-relief efforts 抗旱drinking water shortage 饮用水缺乏drought region 干旱地区rain spell 雨季precipitation 降雨或降雪量fog 浓雾sleet 雨夹雪；雹；冻雨hurricane 飓风cyclone 旋风typhoon 台风whirlwind 龙卷风waterspout 海上龙卷风Indian summer 秋老虎weather modification 人工影响天气artificial precipitation/rainfall enhancement 人工增雨artificial rainfall infiltration 人工降雨El Nino phenomenon 厄尔尼诺现象La Nina phenomenon 拉尼娜现象forestation 植树造林arid and semi-arid areas 干旱和半干旱地区topsoil 表土层high temperature 高温less rainfall 少雨氧气Oxygen臭氧层Ozone layer大气过程Atmospheric processes空气－水相互作用Air-water interaction大气环流Atmospheric circulation大气降水Atmospheric precipitation碳循环Carbon cycle蒸发作用Evaporation降水增加Precipitation enhancement降雨Rainfall太阳辐射Solar radiation蒸腾作用Transpiration风Winds空气污染Air pollution酸雨Acid rain空气污染物Air pollutants氯氟碳Chlorofluorocarbons沉降的颗粒物Deposited particulate matter飞灰Fly ash雾Fog薄烟Haze空内空气污染Indoor air pollution烟雾Smog气候问题Climatic issues农业气象学Agrometeorology气候Climate 气候变化Climatic change气候带Climatic zones土壤侵蚀Soil erosion土壤改良Soil improvement土壤盐碱化Soil salination水蚀Water erosion干旱地区生态系统Arid land ecosystems 干旱土地Arid lands沙漠化Desertification抗旱Drought control旱作Dry farming沙丘固定Sand dune fixation沙丘Sand dunes半干旱地区生态系统Semi-arid land ecosystems森林生态系统Forest ecosystems植树造林Afforestation针叶林Coniferous forests森林砍伐Deforestation森林保护Forest conservation森林火灾Forest fires草地火灾Grass fires绿化带Greenbelts本地森林Indigenous forests再造林Reafforestation植被恢复Revegetation亚热带生态系统Sub-tropical ecosystems 温带森林Temperate forests温带林地Temperate woodlands树木Trees热带生态系统Tropical ecosystems热带森林Tropical forests热带森林生态系统Tropical forest ecosystems林地生态系统Woodland ecosystems温带生态系统和寒带生态系统Temperate ecosystems and cold zone ecosystems南极生态系统Antarctic ecosystems南极地区Antarctic region北极生态系统Arctic ecosystems北极地区Arctic region寒带生态系统Cold zone ecosystems草地生态系统Grassland ecosystems永久冻土生态系统Permafrost ecosystems极地生态系统Polar ecosystems温带生态系统Temperate ecosystems山地生态系统Mountain ecosystems高原生态系统Highland ecosystems登山运动Mountaineering湿地生态系统Wetlands ecosystems红树沼泽Mangrove swamps水禽Waterfowl水涝地Waterlogged lands流域管理Watershed management水边开发Waterside development生物多样性和保护区Biological diversity and protected areas适应性强的物种Adaptable species藻类Algae两栖动物Amphibians动物习性Animal behaviour动物资源Animal resources节肢动物Arthropods生物多样性Biological diversity生物资源Biological resources生物圈保护区Biosphere reserves群落生境Biotopes鸟类Birds植物园Botanical gardens基因资源保护Conservation of genetic resources生态平衡Ecological balance濒危动物物种Endangered animal species濒危植物物种Endangered plant species 河口保护区Estuarine conservation areas 动物区系Fauna植物区系Flora食物链Food chain捕猎Hunting无脊椎动物Invertebrates陆地哺乳动物Land mammals哺乳动物Mammals海洋保护区Marine conservation areas微生物Microorganisms移栖种Migratory species国家公园National parks国家保护区National reserves寄生生物Parasites愉猎Poaching灵长目Primates保护区Protected areas受保护的物种Protected species爬行动物Reptiles陆地生物资源Terrestrial biological resources植被Vegetation杂草Weeds野生生物Wildlife野生生物保护Wildlife conservation野生生物生境Wildlife habitats动物园Zoological gardens细菌Bacteria酶Enzymes真菌Fungi基因库Gene banks种质Germ plasm微生物资源Microbial resources原生生物Protozoa病毒Viruses酵母Yeasts生物技术问题Biotechnological issues农业生物技术Agricultural biotechnologies生物伦理学Bioethics生物安全Biosafety生物技术Biotechnologies无性繁殖Cloning与健康有关的生物技术Health-related biotechnologies诱变剂Mutagens突变微生物释放Mutated microorganisms release突变体Mutants繁殖控制Reproductive manipulation DNA重组技术Recombinant DNA technology动物的选择性繁殖Selective breeding of animals植物的选择性繁殖Selective breeding of plants生物技术的社会－经济影响Socio-economic impact of biotechnologies 致畸剂Teratogens淡水FRESHWATER淡水资源Freshwater resources谈水保护Conservation of freshwater水坝Dams冰Ice湖泊Lakes自然排水系统Natural drainage systems 河流流域开发River basin development河流Rivers雪Snow地下水Subterranean water地表水Surface waters水资源保护Water resources conservation 水资源开发Water resources development淡水生态系统Freshwater ecosystems集水区Catchment areas国际河流流域International river basins 湖泊流域Lake basins池塘尾渣Ponds tailings河流流域River basins淡水恶化Freshwater degradation河流污染River pollution径流Run-off沉积物移动Sediment mobilization沉积物运移Sediment transport沉积盆地Sedimentary basins渗漏Seepage凤眼蓝Water hyacinth水污染Water pollution水的盐化Water salination饮用水供应Drinking water supply脱盐Desalination饮用水Drinking water饮用水处理Drinking water treatment城市配水系统Municipal water distribution systems农村供水Rural water supply污水处理厂Sewage treatment plants水泵Water pumps水处理Water treatment水井Water wells海洋环境MARINE ENVIRONMENTS海洋生态系统Marine ecosystems藻花Algal bloom海底生态系统Benthic ecosystems海洋污染Marine pollution污染沉积物Marine sediments海洋环境Ocean circulation洋流Ocean currents海洋Oceans海洋温度Ocean temperature赤潮Red tide海平面Sea level潮,潮汐Tides沿海生态系统Coastal ecosystems群岛Archipelagoes沿海地区Coastal areas沿海开发Coastal development沿海环境Coastal environments海岸侵蚀Coastal erosion疏浚Dredging河口生态系统Estuarine ecosystems岛屿生态系统Island ecosystems小岛屿Small islands海洋生物资源Living marine resources水生哺乳动物Aquatic mammals水生微生物Aquatic microorganisms水生植物Aquatic plants珊瑚礁Coral reefs甲壳纲动物Crustaceans鱼类Fish海洋资源保护Marine resources conservation软体动物Molluscs水生贝壳类动物Shellfish环境管理ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT资源管理Resources management深海矿藏Deep sea deposits森林管理Forest management森林政府Forest policy资源的地埋分布Geographic distribution of resources土地价值Land values矿产资源Mineral resources国家保护计划National conservation programmes自然资源Natural resources自然保护Nature conservation不可再生资源Non-renewable resources 资源净损耗Net resource depletion矿床Ore deposits 石油资源保护Petroleum resources conservation可再生资源Renewable resources资源估价Resource appraisal资源保护Resource conservation海底开发Sea bed exploitation海底采矿Sea bed mining本地资源的利用Utilization of local resources环境规划Environmental planning发展合作Development cooperation发展计划Development planning生态发展Ecodevelopment经济发展Economic development经济计划Economic planning环境核算Environmental accounting环境审计Environmental auditing环境健康影响评价Environmental health impact assessment环境影响Environmental impact环境影响评价Environmental impact assessment环境影响状报告书Environmental impact statement环境指标Environmental indicators环境政策Environmental policy环境风险评估Environmental risk assessment财政资助Financial assistance土地利用规划Land use planning环境管理指标Environmental management indicators环境质量指标Environmental quality indicators试验项目Pilot projects政策规划Policy planning施压集团Pressure groups区域规划Regional planning自助计划Self-help programmes工农业选址Siting of industry社会调查Social surveys发展状况Status of development可持续发展Sustainable development可持续发展指标Sustainable development indicators技术评价Technology assessment运输计划Transport planning环境经济问题Environmental economic issues环境定价Environmental valuation环境成本Environmental costs外部Externalities重置成本Replacement costs贸易对环境的影响Trade impact on environment已定价值的生态系统组成部分Valued ecosystem components经济管理手段Economic management instruments成本-效益分析Cost-benefit analysis发展中国家债务Developing countries debt环境股票交易Environmental stock exchange政府环境开支Government environmental expenditures绿色财政手段Green fiscal instruments环境成本内在化Internalisation of environmental costs以绿色标志促销Marketing with green labelling资源的定价政策Pricing policies of resources结构调整计划Structural adjustment programs税收差别Tax differentiation 可交易的许可证Tradeable permits人类住区HUMAN SETTLEMENTS人类住区管理Human settlements management建成区Built-up areas经济规划Economic zoning用火安全要求Fire safety requirements历史遗址Historical sites住房改善Housing improvements住房需求Housing needs住房规划Housing programmes住房质量标准Housing quality standards 工业区Industrial areas非高峰时间工作Off-peak working办公室Offices城区发展模式Patterns of urban growth规划的城区发展Planned urban development再建房屋Rehousing租赁房屋Rental housing居民区Residential areas建筑安全标准Safety standards for buildings商店Shops建筑业标准Standards for building industry城区设计Urban design建成结构Built structures桥梁Bridges建筑材料Building materials建筑物Buildings建筑技术Building technology施工技术Construction technology建筑工程Construction works农业建筑Farm buildings政府建筑Government buildings高层建筑High-rise buildings工业建筑Industrial buildings本地建筑材料Local materials for building 拖车住房Mobile homes核研究中心Nuclear research centres装配式房屋Prefabricated buildings结构Structures隔热Thermal insulation基础设施Infrastructure通道Access roads水上娱乐活动Aquatic recreational amenities汽车停放Automobile parking建成的排水系统Built drainage systems电力分配Electric power distribution公共花园Public gardens公路Highways空地Open spaces管道Pipelines运动场Playgrounds公园Public parks公用事业Public utilities道路建设Road construction道路养护Road maintenance体育设施Sports facilities电信Telecommunications运输系统Transport systems隧道Tunnels城市供水Urban water supply公共服务Public services人类住区的社会－经济方面Socio-economic aspects of human settlements生育控制Birth control社区服务Community services社区参与Community participation通勤Commuting消费方式Consumption patterns文化指标Cultural indicators发展模式Development patterns 残疾人Disabled persons毒品滥用Drug abuse生态旅游Ecotourism计划生育Family planning性别问题Gender issues无家可归Homelessness住房集资Housing finance人类迁居Human migration人口Human population人权Human rights土地分配Land allotment生活方式Lifestyles低价住房Low-cost housing流动工人Migrant workers少数民族Minorities社区改善计划Neighbourhood improvement schemes新社区New communities流浪者Nomads非高峰时间通勤Off-peak commuting公共卫生Public health种族关系Race relations娱乐Recreation农村地区Rural areas环境卫生Sanitation社会指数Social indicators社会-经济因素Socio-economic factors旅游Tourism旅行Travel贫困阶层Under-privileged people城市地区Urban areas城区改造Urban renewal城区压力Urban stress妇女地位Women status人类住区的环境方面Environmental aspects of human settlements空调Air conditioning尸体处置Disposal of the dead区城供热District heating住房密度Housing density过度拥挤Overcrowding难民Refugees旅游设施Tourist facilities城市衰败Urban decay农业AGRICULTURE农业方式Agricultural practices农业设备Agricultural equipment农业管理Agricultural management农业方法Agricultural methods农业害虫Agricultural pests农业生产Agricultural production农业储藏Agricultural storage动物疾病Animal diseases动物营养Animal nutrition养蜂业Apiculture水产养殖Aquaculture害虫的生物控制Biological control of pests 生物固氮Biological nitrogen fixation堆肥Composts等高耕作Contour farming受控燃烧Controlled burning作物保护Crop protection挽畜Draught animals鱼类养殖Fish culture渔业管理Fisheries management谷物Grains作物虫害传染Infestation of crops粮食虫害传染Infestation of food灌溉Irrigation灌溉渠Irrigation canals灌溉农业Irrigation farming天然肥料Natural fertilizers有机农业Organic farming病虫害控制Pest management杀虫剂标准控制Pesticide control standards 植物病害Plant diseases家禽饲养Poultry farming林农轮作Shifting cultivation树木苗圃Tree nurseries滴灌Trickle irrigation农工业Agro-industry畜产品Animal products饮料工业Beverage industry酿造业Brewing industry蒸馏业Distilling industry食品辐照Food irradiation食品保存Food preservation食品贮藏Food storage食品运输Food transport林产品Forest products烟草Tobacco农用化学品Agrochemicals化学肥料Chemical fertilizers杀真菌剂Fungicides除草剂Herbicides杀虫剂的代谢Metabolism of pesticides硝酸盐Nitrates亚硝酸盐Nitrites亚硝胺Nitrosamines营养物Nutrients有机磷化物Organophosphorous compounds杀虫剂的持久性Persistence of pesticides 杀虫剂路径Pesticide pathways杀虫剂Pesticides磷酸盐Phosphates杀虫剂的毒性Toxicity of pesticides杀虫剂的使用Utilization of pesticides工业INDUSTRY工业生产过程Industrial processes制铝工业Aluminium industry适用技术Appropriate technology高炉Blast furnaces纤维素Cellulose化学工业Chemical industry 清洁技术Clean technologies 服装工业Clothing industry 乳品业Dairy industry脱盐工厂Desalination plants 干洗Dry cleaning炼铁工业Iron industry洗烫衣服Laundering皮革工业Leather industry金属加工Metal finishing。
的缺失 英语作文
的缺失英语作文Title: Addressing the Issue of Deforestation。
Deforestation, a critical environmental issue, has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its detrimental effects on ecosystems, biodiversity, and climate. This essay delves into the causes, consequences, and potential solutions to combat deforestation.Firstly, one of the primary causes of deforestation is agricultural expansion. As global population increases,there is a growing demand for agricultural land tocultivate crops and rear livestock. Consequently, vasttracts of forests are cleared to make way for agriculture, leading to extensive deforestation.Moreover, logging activities contribute substantiallyto deforestation. Timber extraction for commercial purposes, such as furniture production and construction, has resulted in widespread destruction of forests worldwide. Illegallogging exacerbates this issue, driven by the lucrative timber trade.Deforestation also occurs due to urbanization and infrastructure development. As cities expand and infrastructural projects advance, forests are often cleared to accommodate human settlements, roads, and industries. This encroachment into forested areas further accelerates deforestation rates.The consequences of deforestation are manifold. Firstly, it leads to loss of biodiversity as numerous species lose their habitat, pushing them towards extinction. Forestshost a diverse array of flora and fauna, and their destruction disrupts intricate ecological balances, threatening the survival of various species.Moreover, deforestation contributes to climate changeby reducing the forests' capacity to sequester carbon dioxide. Trees absorb CO2 during photosynthesis, acting as carbon sinks. However, deforestation releases stored carbon into the atmosphere, exacerbating greenhouse gas emissionsand global warming.Additionally, deforestation results in soil erosion,loss of fertile land, and disruption of water cycles. Forests play a crucial role in maintaining soil stability, retaining water, and regulating local climates. Their destruction heightens the risk of soil degradation, floods, and droughts, impacting both ecosystems and human communities.To address the issue of deforestation, multifaceted approaches are required. Firstly, stringent regulations and law enforcement are necessary to curb illegal logging and unsustainable land-use practices. Governments must implement policies to protect forests, enforce logging bans in sensitive areas, and penalize violators.Furthermore, promoting sustainable forestry practicesis essential to ensure the long-term health of forests. Sustainable logging techniques, reforestation efforts, and agroforestry initiatives can help mitigate deforestation while supporting local livelihoods and economic development.International cooperation and collaboration are also vital in combating deforestation. Transnational agreements, such as the Paris Agreement and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, facilitate global efforts to address deforestation and mitigate its impacts on climate change.Education and awareness-raising initiatives play a crucial role in fostering environmental stewardship and encouraging sustainable lifestyles. Educating communities about the importance of forests, biodiversity conservation, and sustainable land management can inspire collective action towards forest protection.In conclusion, deforestation poses a significant threat to global ecosystems, biodiversity, and climate stability. Addressing this issue requires concerted efforts from governments, industries, communities, and individuals worldwide. By implementing sustainable practices, enforcing regulations, and promoting conservation efforts, we canmitigate deforestation and safeguard the invaluable ecosystems that forests provide.。
英语介绍运河特色 -回复
英语介绍运河特色-回复Canals are man-made waterways that have been crucial for transportation and trade for centuries. They are designed to connect bodies of water, such as lakes or rivers, in order to provide a navigable route for ships and boats. Throughout history, canals have played a significant role in shaping the economic, cultural, and social aspects of various regions. In this article, we will explore the unique features and importance of canals, focusing on their impact on transportation, irrigation, and tourism.Transportation:One of the primary functions of canals is to facilitate transportation. By connecting different bodies of water, canals create a network that allows goods and people to be transported efficiently. In the past, canals served as vital trade routes, linking inland areas to ports and facilitating the exchange of goods between regions. The Suez Canal, for example, connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea, providing a shortcut for ships traveling between Europe and Asia. This canal has considerably reduced shipping time and costs, making it a key conduit for international trade.Irrigation:Another essential characteristic of canals is their role in irrigation. Canals have been crucial in providing water for agricultural purposes. In many regions with arid or semi-arid climates, canals enable farmers to divert water from rivers or lakes to their fields, allowing crops to grow in areas that would otherwise be unable to support agriculture. For instance, the ancient Grand Canal in China has served as a vital irrigation system for thousands of years, contributing to the country's agricultural success.Additionally, canals also play a role in flood control. By regulating the flow of water through various mechanisms such as locks and gates, canals can prevent flooding in areas prone to excessive rainfall or high water levels. This function not only protects human settlements but also helps maintain ecological balance in surrounding areas.Tourism:In recent years, canals have become popular tourist attractions worldwide. Many cities and regions have recognized the historic and aesthetic value of canals and have transformed them into recreational spaces. Places such as Venice, Amsterdam, and Bruges boast picturesque canal networks that attract millions of touristseach year.Tourists can enjoy leisurely cruises, romantic gondola rides, or explore the charming waterfronts and architectural marvels adjacent to the canals. The cultural significance of canals is often highlighted through festivals, events, and museum exhibitions, providing visitors with a glimpse into the history and heritage of the regions where the canals are situated.In conclusion, canals possess unique features and are of great importance in various aspects of human life. Their ability to connect different bodies of water makes them essential for transportation and trade. Canals also play a significant role in irrigation, enabling agricultural development in arid regions and contributing to flood control. Moreover, canals have gained popularity as tourist attractions, attracting visitors from around the world to experience their beauty and cultural significance. Overall, canals continue to shape our world and serve as an integral part of our history and future.。
植树保护环境的英语作文80词
植树保护环境的英语作文80词1Trees are of paramount importance to the environment. They play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and safeguarding our planet. Take a region that has undergone large-scale afforestation as an example. Previously, the air quality was poor, with a high level of pollution, and soil erosion was a severe problem. However, after the extensive planting of trees, the situation has undergone a remarkable transformation. The trees have acted as natural filters, absorbing harmful substances and releasing clean oxygen, thereby significantly improving the air quality. Simultaneously, their roots have firmly held the soil, reducing the occurrence of soil erosion and preventing valuable topsoil from being washed away.In contrast, areas without trees often face numerous challenges. The lack of trees leads to a lack of shade, resulting in higher temperatures and an uncomfortable living environment. Moreover, without the root systems of trees to stabilize the soil, the land is more prone to erosion during heavy rains, causing damage to the terrain and even threatening the safety of human settlements.Trees also contribute to regulating the climate. They help moderate temperatures, reducing the heat in summer and providing insulation inwinter. They absorb carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas, and help mitigate the effects of climate change.In conclusion, planting trees is not only a simple act but a significant measure for protecting the environment. We should actively participate in afforestation activities to create a greener and more beautiful world for future generations.2Planting trees is undoubtedly an effective measure to protect the environment. It is not just a simple act but a profound commitment to the well-being of our planet.Take the city of Shenyang in China as an example. Years ago, it faced severe environmental problems such as dust storms and poor air quality. However, through an extensive tree-planting campaign, the situation has significantly improved. Now, the city is greener, the air is fresher, and the lives of its residents have been greatly enhanced.Trees play a crucial role in absorbing carbon dioxide and reducing the greenhouse effect. They act as nature's lungs, breathing in harmful gases and releasing oxygen. This process helps to mitigate climate change and create a healthier atmosphere for all living beings.I have personally participated in tree-planting activities and experienced the joy and satisfaction it brings. Working together with others, digging the soil, placing the young saplings, and watering them, I felt adeep connection with nature. It made me realize that every small effort counts and that we can all make a difference in protecting our environment.In conclusion, planting trees is not only a responsibility but also an opportunity to create a better world. It is a simple yet powerful action that can bring about significant changes. Let us all join hands and contribute to this meaningful cause to ensure a sustainable and beautiful future for generations to come.3In today's rapidly changing world, the importance of protecting our environment cannot be overstated. One of the most effective ways to do this is through tree planting.Let's take a look at some areas where excessive deforestation has led to a deterioration of the environment. In certain regions, large-scale logging has destroyed vast forests, resulting in soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, and even more severe natural disasters such as floods and landslides. The once lush and beautiful landscapes have now turned into barren wastelands, a stark reminder of the consequences of our irresponsible actions.However, all is not lost. There are simple and practical methods and techniques for tree planting that can encourage more people to take action. For instance, when choosing the right species of trees, we need to consider the local climate and soil conditions. It's also crucial to ensure properspacing between the trees to allow for sufficient growth and sunlight. Moreover, regular watering and maintenance in the early stages of growth can significantly increase the survival rate of the newly planted trees.Tree planting is not only a responsibility but also a privilege. It gives us the opportunity to make a positive contribution to the planet. Every tree we plant is a step towards a greener and healthier future. So, let's roll up our sleeves and get to work. Let's plant more trees and protect our environment for ourselves and for generations to come.4Trees play an indispensable role in protecting the environment. Their significance extends far beyond our immediate perception. Firstly, they act as natural habitats for a wide variety of wild animals, fostering biodiversity. Consider a dense forest where birds build their nests among the branches, and small mammals find refuge in the hollows of old trees. This not only enriches the ecological system but also maintains the balance of nature.Secondly, trees have a remarkable ability to regulate the climate. They absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, thereby reducing the greenhouse effect and mitigating the impact of extreme weather conditions. For instance, in areas with extensive tree cover, the temperature tends to be more moderate, and the occurrence of heatwaves and cold spells is lessened.Moreover, trees prevent soil erosion. Their roots hold the soil firmly in place, reducing the risk of landslides and floods. This is particularlycrucial in hilly or mountainous regions where the stability of the land is of utmost importance.In conclusion, planting trees is not just an act of environmental conservation; it is a commitment to the future of our planet. It is our responsibility to ensure that more trees are planted and cared for, so that we can enjoy a sustainable and healthy environment for generations to come.5Trees, the silent guardians of our planet, play an indispensable role in building a sustainable environment. According to authoritative research, it is estimated that a single mature tree can absorb approximately 22 kilograms of carbon dioxide per year and release sufficient oxygen for two human beings to breathe. This data vividly showcases the significant contribution of trees in regulating the global climate.Different tree species possess unique functions in environmental protection. For instance, coniferous trees like pine and spruce are excellent at preventing soil erosion on mountain slopes due to their deep root systems. Deciduous trees such as maple and oak provide shade during summers, reducing the heat island effect in urban areas. Moreover, fruit-bearing trees not only offer delicious produce but also attract various birds and insects, enriching the biodiversity of the ecosystem.The long-term impact of tree planting on the global ecosystem isprofound and far-reaching. Forests act as natural carbon sinks, absorbing vast amounts of greenhouse gases and mitigating the effects of climate change. They also help maintain the water cycle by regulating the flow of rivers and preventing floods. Additionally, trees provide habitats for countless species, ensuring the stability and balance of the ecological chain.In conclusion, planting trees is not merely an act of environmental beautification but a crucial strategy for ensuring the sustainable development of our planet. We should actively participate in tree-planting activities and protect existing forests to create a greener and more sustainable future for generations to come.。
与环境保护有关的词汇
与环境保护有关的词汇environmental protection 环境保护environmentally-friendly 环保的preserve v.保护，保存污染的环保英语词汇：Pollute= contaminate, 污染(动词)pollutant 污染物Pollution=contamination 污染(名词)垃圾: rubbish, garbage, trash, waste, litter处理: dispose of, burn, bury (landfill垃圾场)dump倾倒，recycle 回收plastic bags塑料袋, drinking cans饮料罐biodegradable packaging 可降解包装throwaway 可丢弃的disposable 可丢弃的discourage v. 不鼓励燃料的环保英语词汇：non-renewable 不可再生的fossil fuels矿石燃料: natural gas, coal, petroleum limited/finite natural resources 有限的自然资源alternative energy替代能源replace=substitute v.取代(wind power, hydropower水电solar (lunar) power太阳能nuclear power核能radioactivity n. 辐射性use up, deplete, exhaust v. 用光，耗尽conserve v. 节省，节约consume less v. 少消耗危害动物的环保英语词汇：poaching非法打猎，盗猎damage natural habitat 破坏自然栖息地rare breed稀有物种endangered species濒危物种extinct adj.灭绝 (die out, disappear动词) animal rights activist动物权益保护者natural reserve(giant panda大熊猫)自然保护区protect wild life保护野生动物disastrous灾难性的, devastation破坏have disastrous effect on…对……有灾难性的影响危害植物的环保英语词汇：vegetation植被deforestation森林消失landslide山体滑坡危害环境的环保英语词汇：carbon dioxide二氧化碳acid rain酸雨(erode腐蚀)greenhouse effect温室效应 (worsening, deteriorate, deterioration恶化)global warming全球变暖ecological system=ecosystem生态系统green belt绿化带, sand storm沙尘暴, (filter v. 过滤)arouse people's awareness/consciousness of environmental protection 提高公众的环保意识全球环保类热门话题英语词汇：21世纪议程：Agenda 21世界环境日（6月5日）：World Environment Day (June 5th each year)世界环境日主题：World Environment Day Themes冰川消融，后果堪忧！（2007年）Melting Ice–a Hot Topic!莫使旱地变荒漠！（2006年）Deserts and Desertification–Don't Desert Drylands!营造绿色城市，呵护地球家园！（2005年）Green Cities –Plan for the Planet! 海洋存亡，匹夫有责！（2004年）Wanted! Seas and Oceans –Dead or Alive! 水——二十亿人生命之所系！（2003年）Water - Two Billion People are Dying for It!让地球充满生机！（2002年）Give Earth a Chance!世间万物，生命之网！（2001年）Connect with the World Wide Web of life! 环境千年-行动起来吧！（2000年）The Environment Millennium - Time to Act! 拯救地球就是拯救未来！（1999年）Our Earth - Our Future - Just Save It! 为了地球上的生命-拯救我们的海洋！（1998年) For Life on Earth - Save Our Seas!为了地球上的生命！（1997）For Life on Earth我们的地球、居住地、家园：（1996）Our Earth, Our Habitat, Our Home国际生物多样性日（12月29日）：International Biodiversity Day (29 December) 世界水日（3月22日）：World Water Day (22 March)世界气象日（3月23日）：World Meteorological Day (23 March)世界海洋日（6月8日）：World Oceans Day (8 June)植树节（3月12日）：Arbor Day (12 March)环保问题拯救措施及污染治理相关英语口译词汇：中国环保基本政策：the basic policies of China's environmental protection 预防为主、防治结合的政策：policy of of prevention in the first place and integrating prevention with control治理环境污染：curb environmental pollution; bring the pollution undercontrol防止过度利用森林：protest forests from overexploitation水土保持：conservation of water and soil水资源保护区：water resource conservation zone造林工程：afforestation project珍稀濒危物种繁育基地：rare and endangered species breeding center绿化祖国：turn the country green全民义务植树日：National Tree-Planting Day森林覆盖率：forest coverage降低资源消耗率：slow down the rate of resource degradation开发可再生资源：develop renewable resources环保产品：environment-friendly products节能 energy saving多种树:plant more trees节约用水:save on water保护环境：protect the environment减少污染：reduce pollution垃圾：rubbish白色污染：white pollution二氧化碳：carbon dioxide臭氧层：ozonosphere臭氧层空洞：ozone hole21世纪议程 Agenda 21 （the international plan of action adopted by governments in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro Brazil（巴西里约）, - provides the global consensus on the road map towards sustainable development）世界环境日 World Environment Day (June 5th each year)世界环境日主题 World Environment Day Themes环境千年-行动起来吧！（2000） The Environment Millennium - Time to Act！拯救地球就是拯救未来！（1999） Our Earth - Our Future - Just Save It! 为了地球上的生命-拯救我们的海洋!（1998）For Life on Earth - Save Our Seas! 为了地球上的生命（1997） For Life on Earth我们的地球、居住地、家园（1996） Our Earth, Our Habitat, Our Home国际生物多样性日 International Biodiversity Day (29 December)世界水日 World Water Day (22 March)世界气象日 World Meteorological Day(23 March)世界海洋日 World Oceans Day (8 June )联合国环境与发展大会（环发大会） United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED)环发大会首脑会议 Summit Session of UNCED联合国环境规划署 United Nations Environment Programs （UNEP）2000年全球环境展望报告 GEO-2000; Global Environmental Outlook 2000入选“全球500佳奖” be elected to the rank of Global 500 Roll of Honor 联合国人类居住中心 UN Center for Human Settlements (UNCHS)改善人类居住环境最佳范例奖 Best Practices in Human Settlements Improvement人与生物圈方案 Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme (UNESCO)中国21世纪议程China’s Agenda 21中国生物多样性保护行动计划 China Biological Diversity Protection Action Plan中国跨世纪绿色工程规划 China Trans-Century Green Project Plan国家环境保护总局 State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) 中国环保基本方针China’s guiding principles for environmental protection坚持环境保护基本国策 adhere to the basic state policy of environmental protection推行可持续发展战略 pursue the strategy of sustainable development贯彻经济建设、城乡建设、环境建设同步规划、同步实施、同步发展（三同步）的方针 carry out a strategy of synchronized planning, implementation and development in terms of economic and urban and rural development and environmental protection (the “three synchronizes” principle)促进经济体制和经济增长方式的转变 promote fundamental shifts in the economic system and mode of economic growth实现经济效益、社会效益和环境效益的统一 bring about harmony of economic returns and contribution to society and environmental protection中国环保基本政策the basic policies of China’s environmental protection 预防为主、防治结合的政策 policy of prevention in the first place and integrating prevention with control污染者负担的政策“the-polluters-pay” policy强化环境管理的政策 policy of tightening up environmental management 一控双达标政策policy of “One Order, Two Goals”:对新项目实行环境影响评估 conduct environmental impact assessments (EIA) onstart-up projects提高全民环保意识 raise environmental awareness amongst the general public查处违反环保法规案件 investigate and punish acts of violating laws and regulations on environmental protection环保执法检查 environmental protection law enforcement inspection限期治理 undertake treatment within a prescribed limit of time中国已加入的国际公约 international conventions into which China has accessed控制危险废物越境转移及其处置的巴塞尔公约 Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal 关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer生物多样性公约 Convention on Biological Diversity防治荒漠化国际公约 Convention to Combat Desertification气候变化框架公约 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 生态示范区 eco-demonstration region; environment-friendly region国家级生态示范区（珠海） Nationally Designated Eco-Demonstration Region 国家级园林城市 Nationally Designated Garden City对水质和空气质量的影响 impact on the quality of the water and the air 治理环境污染 curb environmental pollution; bring the pollution under control白色污染 white pollution (by using and littering of non-degradable white plastics)可降解一次性塑料袋 throwaway bio-degradable plastic bags垃圾填埋场 refuse landfill垃圾焚化厂 refuse incinerator防止过度利用森林 protect forests from overexploitation森林砍伐率 rate of deforestation水土流失 water and soil erosion土壤盐碱化 soil alkalization农药残留 pesticide residue水土保持 conservation of water and soil生态农业 environment-friendly agriculture; eco-agriculture水资源保护区 water resource conservation zone海水淡化 sea water desalinization绿化祖国 turn the country green全民义务植树日 National Tree-Planting Day造林工程 afforestation project绿化面积 afforested areas; greening space森林覆盖率 forest coverage防风林 wind breaks （防沙林 sand breaks）速生林 fast-growing trees降低资源消耗率 slow down the rate of resource degradation开发可再生资源 develop renewable resources环保产品 environment-friendly products自然保护区 nature reserve野生动植物 wild fauna and flora保护生存环境 conserve natural habitats濒危野生动物 endangered wildlife珍稀濒危物种繁育基地 rare and endangered species breeding center自然生态系统 natural ecosystems防止沙漠化（治沙、抗沙） desertification环境负荷 carrying capacity of environment三废综合利用 multipurpose use of three types of wastes先天与后天，遗传与环境 nature-nurture环境恶化 environmental degradation城市化失控 uncontrolled urbanization温饱型农业 subsistence agriculture酸雨、越境空气污染 acid rain and transboundary air pollution悬浮颗粒物 suspended particles矿物燃料（煤、石油、天然气） fossil fuels: coal, oil, and natural gas 清洁能源 clean energy汽车尾气排放 motor vehicle exhaust尾气净化器 exhaust purifier无铅汽油 lead-free gasoline天然气汽车 gas-fueled vehicles电动汽车 cell-driven vehicles; battery cars温室效应 greenhouse effect联合国环境与发展大会（环发大会）United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED)环发大会首脑会议Summit Session of UNCED联合国环境规划署United Nations Environment Programs （UNEP）国际生物多样性日International Biodiversity Day (29 December)世界水日World Water Day (22 March)世界气象日World Meteorological Day(23 March)世界海洋日World Oceans Day (8 June )人与生物圈方案Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme (UNESCO)中国21世纪议程China's Agenda 21中国生物多样性保护行动计划China Biological Diversity Protection Action Plan中国跨世纪绿色工程规划China Trans-Century Green Project Plan生物多样性公约Convention on Biological Diversity防治荒漠化国际公约Convention to Combat Desertification气候变化框架公约United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change国家环境保护总局State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA)坚持环境保护基本国策adhere to the basic state policy of environmental protection污染者负担的政策"the-polluters-pay" policy强化环境管理的政策policy of tightening up environmental management环保执法检查environmental protection law enforcement inspection限期治理undertake treatment within a prescribed limit of time生态示范区eco-demonstration region; environment-friendly region国家级生态示范区（珠海）Nationally Designated Eco-Demonstration Region国家级园林城市Nationally Designated Garden City工业固体废物industrial solid wastes白色污染white pollution (by using and littering of non-degradable white plastics)可降解一次性塑料袋throwaway bio-degradable plastic bags放射性废料积存accumulation of radioactive waste有机污染物organic pollutants三废综合利用multipurpose use of three types of wastes（waste water, waste gas, solid waste）城市垃圾无害化处理率decontamination rate of urban refuse垃圾填埋场refuse landfill垃圾焚化厂refuse incinerator防止过度利用森林protect forests from overexploitation森林砍伐率deforestation rate水土流失water and soil erosion土壤盐碱化soil alkalization生态农业environment-friendly agriculture; eco-agriculture水资源保护区water resource conservation zone海水淡化sea water desalinization造林工程afforestation project绿化面积afforested areas; greening space森林覆盖率forest coverage防风林wind breaks防沙林sand breaks速生林fast-growing trees降低资源消耗率slow down the rate of resource degradation开发可再生资源develop renewable resources环保产品environment-friendly products自然保护区nature reserve野生动植物wild fauna and flora保护生存环境conserve natural habitats濒危野生动物endangered wildlife珍稀濒危物种繁育基地rare and endangered species breeding center 美化环境landscaping design for environmental purposes环境恶化environmental degradation温饱型农业subsistence agriculture空气污染浓度air pollution concentration酸雨、越境空气污染acid rain and transboundary air pollution工业粉尘排放industrial dust discharge烟尘排放soot emissions矿物燃料（煤、石油、天然气）fossil fuels: coal, oil, and natural gas 清洁能源clean energy汽车尾气排放motor vehicle exhaust尾气净化器exhaust purifier无铅汽油lead-free gasoline天然气汽车gas-fueled vehicles电动汽车cell-driven vehicles; battery cars小排量汽车small-displacement (engine) vehicles温室效应greenhouse effect工业废水处理率treatment rate of industrial effluents城市污水处理率treatment rate of domestic sewage集中处理厂centralized treatment plant。
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Settlements Ecological Ereas Design AbstractSettlements Ecological Ereas Design Abstract : ecological habitat areas through adjustment of ecological environment ecosystems and ecological factors, the area has become a natural ecology and human ecology, natural and artificial environment, a high degree of unity of material and spiritual civilizations, the ideals of sustainable development of urban settlements. Ecological areas of space rational structure, improving infrastructure, ecological construction, intelligent buildings and building life should be widely Use artificial environment and the natural environment integration. It is consistent with urban planning and regional planning, and regional and urban harmony, is part of the ecological city, the host city and embodies characteristics.Key word: Ecological house design1 The ecological characteristics of small content Ecological habitat areas through adjustment of ecological environment ecosystems and ecological factors, the area has become a natural ecology and human ecology, natural and artificial environment, a high degree of unity of material and spiritual civilizations, the ideals of sustainable development of urban settlements. Ecological areas of space rational structure, improving infrastructure, ecological construction, the widespread application of smart buildings and the construction of life, artificial environment and the natural environment integration. It is consistent with urban planning and regional planning, and regional and urban harmony, is part of the ecological city, the host city and embodies characteristics. Compared with the traditional areas of ecological areas was essentially different from the following features: cohesion D symbiotic ecological areas within the natural and human, human to natural, intimate nature, natural into the residential areas into natural; At the same time, to create the environment to meet human needs of their own development, a human face, full of strong cultural atmosphere, mutual assistance groups have strong attractive, showing a prosperous, vigor and vitality. Area D ecological sustainability guided by sustainable development, and thus it can achieve small social, economic and environmental development, to achieve social and environmental benefits at the same time promoting economic development, and achieve rapid economic growth of high quality; Natural resources as a small public area can be used for a long, long time. Area D is not simply the pursuit of the overall ecological environment or Own prosperity, but also a social, economic, environmental overall coordination among development, nor is a small ecologicalization the ecologicalization, but overall the area of ecological and achieve overall ecological civilization. Therefore, the ecologicalresidential building our cities will gradually change the current building environmental pollution, lack of effective environmental protection unreasonable status quo and achieve energy savings, and section, water conservation, pollution, and the effective management of the property to improve the environment of cities and areas have their own powerful dynamic.2 Ecological planning content areas (1) Ecological district planning objectives UN Man and the Biosphere Programme No. 57 report pointed out: "It is natural ecological planning ecological and social psychological aspects of the two to create a fully integrated technology and natural human activity optimal environment induced human creativity and productivity in high material and cultural standard of living. "According to this description, We ecological areas can be understood as planning objectives : to ecology "as a whole, coordination, circulation, renewable" principle as a guide, through the promotion of eco-design methodology Habitat improvement of the quality of the environment and people in harmony with the natural, artificial and natural facilities coordination, and achieve small social-economic-natural complex system as a whole to achieve a coordinated and stable, balanced, orderly state of evolution. (2) ecological district planning methods The use of eco laws aiming at sustainable development, to engineering measures and technical means to support the traditional sense small design planning to become a real estate ecological areas to areas of ecological civilization advance the sustainable development of cities. (3) the content of the ecological area planning Including small ecological planning, economic planning and social ecological ecological planning. 1, ecological planning! Green indicators: The indicators are measured Ecological district level building the most important indexes. Green belts (including node and surface) to more than 50%, the per capita public green spaces in more than 28 square meters. Ground water indicators : indicators that the water seepage capacity building bases to minimize concrete coverage, the use of natural drainage systems to facilitate rainwater infiltration, the ideal target is 80% of the surface area of flooding to properties. Water-saving targets the targets for the development of alternative water resources (revenue) and the provincial water apparatus use (cut), as the main water-saving methods. The former refers to the design of residential buildings or use force rain water purification system design, which means that rain, life-pooling processed, the required water quality standards, duplication in the use of non-potable water and non-physical contact with the complex water. Energy conservation targets : to design energy-efficient buildings throughair-conditioning systems, lighting, night-ray use, the use of solar energy and other means. CO2 and waste reduction targets : the application of indicators to encourage Qinglianghua architectural structures, such as the use of steelconstruction to reduce construction sand Stone, brick and other building materials; Promote home simple interior designers, building materials recycling to achieve energy conservation, provincial resources, reduce waste and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Sewage treatment indicators: the former for construction of storm water, sewage diversion pipeline systems, on the one hand facilitate the recycling of rainwater, on the other hand, could reduce the volume of sewage treatment. The latter refers to refuse collection and classification of resources recycling. Green traffic indicators: a clean, suitable for the urban environment, health useful means of transport to completesocio-economic exchanges. According to Taiwan with the use of green transport assessment, foot, bicycle, Light Rail, trams, etc. score 40 or more, and ordinary buses, trucks, motorcycles, scored in the following hours. Therefore, ecological areas green transport planning should encourage residents to use green transport. 2, economic ecological planning! The overall objective is to resource consumption and environmental pollution to the light of the rapid economic growth and cultivating scientific civilization consumption patterns. For this purpose, the application of green technology and green consumption production technology, and gradually change the energy structure, accelerate renewable energy alternative to fossil energy, applications hydropower, wind, biomass, solar and other green energy; Using natural ventilation and natural lighting and reduce energy consumption; In the area of production of green, green consumption. 3, the social ecology planning to enhance the sense of belonging and a small landmark, a center of the square and the charm of the inhabitants frog space; Supporting the establishment of complete, rationally ecological infrastructure, the creation of various age groups to facilitate crowd living environment; Area provide diversity, individuality residential, to ensure that all economic income people and people of various age levels demand; small commercial activities, public services, cultural activities, recreational activities, the center concentrated areas. In short, ecological planning of new residential areas is a concept and a vision for the future of urban targets will be the ideal leisure parks and sustainable urban development trend of the future residential area. It is a magnificent building integrated engineering; we need long-term and unremitting efforts.3、The ecological residential contents Ecological residential has a strict technical standard, developers can not arbitrarily self-styled. Ecological residential demand in the energy and water, gas, sound, light, heat and the green environment, waste disposal, building materials and other aspects of the nine national standards. 1, in the energy system, should avoid multiple pipelines into people's homes, the wall structure of residential energy-efficient design and reversal system and encourage the use of solar, wind, geothermal,maintaining appropriate indoor temperature, indoor temperature in the winter. 2, the system called for the establishment of outdoor aquatic environment sewage reuse rainwater collection system and use the system, indoor and outdoor use of water saving devices, the use of water-saving landscape water systems. 3, gas environment to the secondary system for the outdoor air quality standards, indoor ensure natural ventilation, ventilation ventilation facilities with bathrooms, kitchens have gas emission concentration system to the larger national air quality standards. 4, sound environmental systems, Architectural designs have noise Jiangzao measures for outdoor daytime noise 50dB, less than 40dB noise at night, less than 35dB noise indoor day, night noise less than 30 dB.5, optical environmental systems meet the requirements of interior design sunshine hours, try using natural light; indoor, avoid light pollution, such as glare advertising, curtain walls; indoor application of energy-saving lamps, and promote the use of solar green lighting. 6, ecological residential use has also requested approval of the National Environment Commission approved the award of the environment and surrounded by the signs of building materials to meet the non-toxic, harmless, non-polluting, non-radioactive, non-volatile requirements, the use of 3R (reusable, recyclable use, renewable use) materials. Small green environment is an important theme of ecological residential, while living in the garbage disposal is a major part of a . For residential ecology, ecological areas of life to the full bag of garbage collection, enclosed containers stored the collection rate 100% classification rate of 50%.4、The types and characteristics of the ecological residential (a) the type of ecological residential 1, ecological residential categories : main advocate for the arts in origin, the maximum residential development ecological functional art, and art to such convergence of ecological art to be created as residential to create, whether such residential look from the outside or from within is a piece of art. 2, ecological wisdom categories: ecological wisdom mainly to highlight various features to maximize residential wisdom. Any person living on possible devices capable of providing intelligent services have been placed in the appropriate part, the owner can rely on imagination and simple operation can achieve a special enjoyment. 3, in addition to other types of more! Species, there are eco-religious groups, lived a primitive tribal group, and some of the ecological category, ecological deficit tribunal Residential category. (2) the ecological health of the residential characteristics Ecological residential called "health residential." Not only ecological residential green, and from the planning point of view, the overall ecological area layout, monomer space portfolio, housing construction, natural energy use, energy efficiency measures, green systems and life support services in the design, must be to improve and enhance the ecological environment, the quality of life as astarting point and the goal. Moreover, in actual design, layout on the green level, style and building mutual shine; Focus on different aspects of the complementary integration of plants, such as, inter ordinary plants, flowers and trees to watch, leafy trees, edible fruit trees, medicinal and aromatic plants cultivation; Green throughout the area to play while the other deeper ecological role, such as insulation, wind-proof, dust-proof and anti-noise, the eliminationof poison material, adult bacterial virus, or even elimination from the visual sensory and mental fatigue, psychological role. And the housing construction, will consider the ecological and social ecology needs to save energy, to occupants of natural space and interpersonal needs. Ecological residential to health conscious. Real estate not to sell land for the ultimate goal, nor is selling steel, cement house for the ultimate purpose is not to sell the concept and the environment as the ultimate goal, but to create a line with the development of human society and human needs of a healthy and civilized new home for the final goal. It can be said that real estate is selling a lifestyle, a subculture is sold, the sale of a new society and a new trend. Owners as a community, to really enjoy the community healthy and civilized new life, is not only reflected in the design of the real estate business, not only in the real estate area matching hardware facilities, but on community service software, people really enjoy the physical and mental pleasure. This is a healthy and civilized into the home.5、Ecological design and construction of residential Since China's reform and opening up, economic development has made remarkable achievements, but at the same time was accompanied by a waste of resources and environmental pollution. Since the backward production technologies, our average construction energy is developed 2~3 times, pollution was also very serious, our cities were the World Health Organization as a "serious pollution" in cities. Real estate development and use of a large consumption of resources, produce large quantities of industrial waste. To people hygiene, health, comfortable living, and environmental protection must be put in an important position. (1) The full use of solar energy Solar energy is the most important green energy is inexhaustible, widespread natural energy, and its advantage is extremely rich, clean, safe and cheap. Currently, the use of solar energy in residential areas, there are three main areas : solar water heaters, solar air conditioning and solar cells. According to information on, for the installation of a 300 year by the solar hot water massage central hot water system will require an investment of about 15 million, the annual energy cost about 80,000 yuan, 2a can recover the full investment, and solar water heating systems for 15~20a useful life, then the costs of energy-saving equipment on the high 100~140 million. In recent decades, many countries are active in research, development, the use of solar energy, and achieved encouraging results. The most notable of which Australia and Israel, the prevalence of solar water heaters are 30% and 50%. Our research anddevelopment of solar late, and achieved certain results, but only about 6% coverage, and development is uneven and more concentrated in the western region, the highest rate of Yunnan, 10%. My solar abundant sunshine hours for 2500h years, the region accounted for more than 2/3 land area, some areas up to 3000h. This use of solar energy for the development of our country provided a good condition. With scientific and technological progress, the scope will be broader use of solar energy and energy conversion efficiency will be higher. (2) rational use of water resources My country is a lack of water in some places, on the one hand, serious water shortages, on the other hand, wasted. Water is the key measures or "new." Residents primarily drinking water consumption and use, including restaurants use about 5% of total consumption, while the remaining 95% for washing, sewage. In the residential area, according to applications of A, B two water systems. A system specifically for drinking water (including milk, river, village, cooking). The system must be consistent with the water clean water drinking water standards. B system exclusively for the use of water. The water system should be recycling. Household will tell, laundry, water and roofing rain, the ground water within a reservoir, filtration, purification, decontamination of physical, chemical processing, and then imported household "use water" for washing, car washing, forestation, features, flushing, sewage and other use. Water cycle use of the system can save a lot of water. (3) Planning for with the fast-paced economic development, land resources have diminished. Residential areas on the section to the problem, from three aspects 1, the volume of control at a reasonable level, not lower ;2, garage or into the overhead to the construction of three-dimensional multi-storey car park or underground, semi-underground car park ;3, with the section from the energy into two factors, are advised to the construction of multi-storey and high-level incomparable data small apartment, control building door independence households alone villa, particularly yard, beautiful landscape "auspicious treasure-house" should not build luxury villas and private gardens for a handful of people enjoy, and the construction of small parks and other public facilities should be for public enjoyment. (4) strong rectification, the promotion of environmental protection Housing construction and use of the existence of environmental problems. Contaminated environment harms human health, which is well known reason. On the environmental pollution problems in the past only to "waste" (waste, emissions, waste residue) pollution, and now increased pollution and light pollution and sound content. This is the realistic situation. There are problems that electromagnetic pollution. With the improvement of people's living conditions, household appliances and usage is also increasing coverage, electromagnetic pollution has emerged, and the growing tendency. The content of this proposal into water plans and measures.。