独立主格结构图表解析
Unit4独立主格结构讲解

独立主格结构的模式是:
主格名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
(作逻辑主语) (作逻辑谓语)
主格名词/代词+分词 (过去分词/现在分词)
1. All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs.
2. The question settled, we went home.
主格名词/代词 + 副词
The meeter soon left the meeting-room.
主格名词/代词 + 不定式
We to care for the children, you are able to be carefree away from home.
主格名词/代词 +介词短语
Our English teacher came into the classroom, papers in hand.
• 1).________no bus, we had to walk home. • A.There being B.Being • C.Having been D.There was 2)_______Sunday, the library doesn't open.、 A.Being B.There being C.It being D.Having been 3)_________, the train started. A.The signal given B.Giving the signal C.The signal being given D.The signal giving
3. The river having risen in the night, the crossing was impossible.
完整版)独立主格结构详细讲解

完整版)独立主格结构详细讲解独立主格独立主格结构是一种带有自己主语的非谓语动词分句或无动词分句。
由于在语法上有自己的逻辑主语,结构上与主句不发生关系,因此传统语法称之为“独立主格结构”。
其实,这种结构并非真正独立,它是一种从属分句,通常在句中起状语分句的作用。
独立主格结构可放于句首或句尾,用逗号和主句隔开。
独立主格结构可以分为两部分:一部分是名词或代词,起逻辑主语的作用;另一部分是非谓语动词分句(现在分词、过去分词、不定式)或无动词分句(名词、形容词、副词、介词短语),表示前面名词或代词的动作或状态。
基本形式是:名词普通格/代词主格+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语,with引导的复合结构。
1.名词/代词+现在分词现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。
例如:The man lay there。
his hands trembling。
So many students being absent。
the meeting had to be put off。
His homework done。
Tom went to sleep。
有时,独立结构中的being或havingbeen可以省去,这样就成了无动词分句或过去分词分句。
2.名词/代词+过去分词过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态。
例如:The boy lay on his back。
his hands crossed under his head。
The job not finished。
we couldn’t see the film。
Her shirt caught on a nail。
she could not move。
如果加上havingbeen或being,这些句子就又变成了现在分词分句。
3.名词/代词+不定式不定式表示将来的动作。
例如:XXX going for a ic。
with Mary to provide the food.These are the first two books。
独立主格结构

独立主格结构有两部分组成,前一部分是名
词或代词,后一部分是非谓语动词或其他的 一些词。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独 立主格结构本身不是句子,在句中作状语, 表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等。
一、独立主格结构的构成
1.名词(代词)+现在分词——主谓关系 The girl staring at him, he didn’t know what to say. Time permitting, we will go for an outing tomorrow. 2.名词(代词)+过去分词——动宾关系 The problems solved, the quality has been improved. Her glasses broken, she couldn’t see the words on the blackboard. 3.名词(代词)+形容词; So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. 4.名词(代词)+副词; The meeting over, they all went home.
WБайду номын сангаасth的复合结构作独立主格
表伴随时,既可用分词的独立结构,也 可用with的复合结构。 with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形 容词/副词/不定式/介词短语 举例: He stood there, his hand raised. = He stood there, with his hand raised. The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。 A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 答案D
英语语法——独立主格结构

英语语法第八章独立主格结构非谓语动词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。
但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语,从而在结构上与主语不发生关系,我们称之为独立主格结构(Absolute Construction)。
其实,所谓“独立主格结构”也并非真正独立,它还是一种从属的结构。
一、非谓语动词独立主格结构在独立主格结构中,非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。
Such an able man to help you,you will surely succeed sooner or later.有这么能干的人来帮你, 你迟早一定会成功的。
(such an able man和 to help you 之间存在着主谓关系)= Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later. He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.他在书桌旁坐好后,他母亲开始给他讲故事。
(seating himself at the desk拥有了自己的逻辑主语he,注意是“主格”)= When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story. The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school.由于丢了自行车钥匙,他只好步行去学校。
(lost 的逻辑主语是the key,lost 也可以用完成式having been lost)= Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school.A.不定式“独立主格结构”在“逻辑主语+动词不定式”结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。
高二英语独立主格

由于孩子们在上学,所以当我们想度假时而不能去度 假。(原因状语)
2)The soldier had him stand with his back to his father. 士兵让他背朝着他的父亲站在那儿。(行为方式)
独立主格结构可置于句首、句尾,用逗号与主句 隔开。
二、独立主格结构的形式 独立主格结构可分为两部分,一部分是名词或代词(主
格),起着逻辑主语的作用;另一部分由形容词、副词、
名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成,表示前面名词或
代词的状态、状况或动作
1)名词/代词+形容词 I heard that she got injured in the accident,my heart full of worry. He stood silent in the moon-light,his door open. 2)名词/代词+现在分词 Winter coming,it gets colder and colder. The rain having stopped ,he went out for a walk. 3)名词/代词+过去分词 More time given,we should have done it much better.、 The boy stood there,his right hand raised.
(原因状语)
With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace.(伴随情 况)
独立主格结构(完整版)with课件

02
独立主格结构的类型
名词性独立主格结构
总结词
名词性独立主格结构是由名词或名词短语构成的独立主格形式。
详细描述
名词性独立主格结构通常表示一种状态或情境,其中名词或名词短语作为主语 ,没有连接词连接主句,而是通过非谓语动词的形式与主句形成逻辑关系。
形容词性独立主格结构
总结词
形容词性独立主格结构是由形容词或 形容词短语构成的独立主格形式。
不定式性独立主格结构
总结词
不定式性独立主格结构是由不定式或不定式短语构成的独立主格形式。
详细描述
不定式性独立主格结构通常表示一种目的或意图,其中不定式或不定式短语作为主语,没有连接词连 接主句,而是通过非谓语动词的形式与主句形成逻辑关系。
03
独立主格结构的句法功能
做状语
状语功能
独立主格结构可以作为状语,修饰谓语或整个句子,表达时间、条件、原因、伴随等状 态。例如:“The meeting being over, the guests left the hall.”(会议结束后,客
不定式性独立主格结构例句解析
不定式性独立主格结构
不定式短语在句子中充当独立主格,表示将要发生的 动作或状态。
例句
To finish the project on time, everyone worked hard and stayed up late.(为了按时完成项目,大家 都努力工作,熬夜加班。)
He lay on the bed, tired and exhausted, and fell asleep immediately.(他躺在床上,疲惫不堪,很快就睡 着了。)
分词性独立主格结构例句解析
分词性独立主格结构
高中英语独立主格结构(共26张PPT)

e.g. More money given, we should have sent more employees to the mother company to get trained.
2. 在独立主格结构中,如果强调分词 的时间发生在主句动词之前,常用 现在分词完成时态表示。
e.g. He stood there, his hand tied. 也可以用with的复合结构:
e.g. He stood there, with his hand tied.
独立主格结构使用介词的问题: 当介词是in时,其前后的两个名词 均不加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词), 也不用复数。 e.g. A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.
4. He (being) absent, no business was done.
5.She sat there alone, her face covered with her hands / her hands covering her face.
6.He was reading newspaper, (with) his back against the window.
The snow having stopped, she went out to the zoo.
The clock having struck 12, I went to bed.
The problem having been settled, we ended our meeting.
我们一起来改一下这个句子:
独立主格结构的用法
英语语法-独立主格的趣味讲解(图片版)

英语语法-独⽴主格的趣味讲解(图⽚版)独⽴主格01.主语独⽴、去连(接)词「独⽴主格结构」与「分词作状语」的区别在于:⽽在「独⽴主格结构」中:1)主格(可以理解为“主语”)是独⽴的,也就是说,独⽴主格结构的主语不⽤依赖主句,它⾃⼰就有主语,跟主句的主语不⼀样;不带连(接)词。
是因为and,so等连接并列句的,称“连词”;⽽what,that,how,who等连接从句的词,我们习惯性叫做“连接词”。
02.四⼤功能独⽴主格结构有4个常⽤的功能,分别是表时间、条件、原因,和伴随。
??接下来,我们将分别对以上功能进⾏改装。
此处有3个改装原则,请牢记:1)对于独⽴主格结构的主语和动作,主动关系⽤doing(现在分词)、被动关系⽤done(过去分词)。
有时候,⼀些固定搭配看起来像被动语态,实际上不含被动意义,如:betiredof,befilledwith等;2)being,havingbeen⼀般省略,除了2种特殊情况,⾍⼦写在04Part;3)连(接)词统统扔掉。
@表时间解析:在独⽴主格结构中,连接词when丢掉;theclasswasover,可改装为:theclassbeingover,但正常情况下,being/havingbeen可以省略不写。
剩下部分照搬。
下⾯这句,你来把它变成独⽴主格结构:Whendinnerwasfinished,theydidn’toffertohelpmeclean.饱饭过后,他们没⼈提出帮我收拾。
解析:连接词if丢掉;w eatherpermits,主动关系,动词permit改成⾮谓语形式的doing。
剩下部分照搬。
Ifallthing sareconsidered,heisjustnotthatintoyou.综合考虑的话,他没有那么喜欢你啦。
注:独⽴主格结构中,如果出现否定,not要提前;现在完成时形式的have/hasdone,改为havingdone即可:hasn’treleased→nothavingreleased。
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独立主格结构一、概念“独立主格结构”就是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词(副)词或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。
该结构不是句子,也不是从句,所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化,它与主句之间不能通过并列连词连接,也不能由从句阴道词引导,通常用逗号与主句隔开。
独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或者其他状语形式,但很多时候不能转化为分词形式,因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。
二、独立主格的特点特点示例独立主格结构的逻辑主语语主句的主语不一致,她独立存在。
Leaves falling here and there, I suddenly notice autumn is drawing upon.树叶到处飘,我一下注意到已是深秋了。
(独立主格的主语是leaves,主句是 ITime permitting, the restoration work couldbe done better.时间允许的话,回复工作可以做得更好。
(独立主格的主语是Time,主句是therestoration work独立主格结构一般置于句首,有时置于句中或句尾,用逗号将与主句其隔开The plan successfully carried out,everything worked out perfectly.计划成功地完成了,一切进展顺利。
A number of officials followed the emperor, some to hold his robe, others to adjust his girdle, and so on.许多官员跟在皇帝后面,有的拎着皇帝的长袍,其他的则给他整理要带等。
独立主格结构中的being和having been常可以省略。
All the windows (being open, the air in theroom is fresher.所有的窗户开着,屋子里的空气更新鲜了。
All the tickets(having been sold out, we had to wait for the next week’s show.所有的票都卖出去了,我们只好等下周的演出。
大多数独立主格结构可以用“with+宾语+宾补”结构代替。
He went of, gun in hand.他手里拿着枪出去了。
(gun in hand可以用with a gun inhis hand代替The floor wet and slippery, we stayed outside.由于地板很湿很滑,我们呆在屋外。
(The floor wet…为无动词独立主格结构,可用with the floor wet and slippery代替。
独立主格有其特殊的使用场合,多用于书面,尤其是描述性语言中,口语中不经常使用。
Iris lay on the grassplot and her hands were crossed under her head.(口语Iris lay on the grassplot , hands crossedunder head.(书面)Iris头枕着手躺在草地上。
The boy was knocked over and bloodstreamed down his head.(口语)The boy was knocked over, bloodstreaming down head.(书面)这个男孩被撞倒了,鲜血从头上留下来。
【注意】1. 当独立主格结构中的being done表示“正在被做时”,being不可以被省略。
2. 当独立主格结构的逻辑主语是it, there时,being不可以省略。
三、独立主格结构的用法。
独立主格结构在句中往往做状语,表时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随状况。
用法示例表时间,相当于一个时间状语从句The meal over, we began to work again.(=When the meal was over,we began to work again.)吃晚饭,我们又开始工作。
The homework done, Jim decided to go and see the play.(=After the homework was done, Jim decided to go and see the play.)作业做完后,Jim决定去看戏。
表原因,相当一个于原因状语从句Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move.(=Because her shirt was caught on a nail,…)由于他的衬衫挂在钉子上了,所以她动不了。
The window broken, the cold wind blew into the room. (=Because the window was broken, …)由于窗户坏了,冷风吹进了这间房。
表条件,相当于一个条件状语从句Weather permitting, the football match will played on Wednesday. (=If weather permits, …)如果天气允许,足球比赛将在周三举行。
The book written in simple English, it will be more popular.(=If the book is written in simple English, …)如果这本书用简易英语写的,它会更畅销。
表方式或伴随状语或补充说明She rushed into the room, a letter in her hand.(=…, with a letter in her hand)她手里拿着封信冲了进来。
Saddie sat alone, head bent. (=…, with his head bent.Saddie独自坐在那里,耷拉着脑袋。
做定语,相当于一个定语从句He was walking along the road without any street lights on its both sides. 他走在一条2便没有路灯的马路上。
【注意】独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时,相当于一个状语从句,一般放在句首,表示原因时还可放在句末;表伴随状况或补充说明时,相当于一个并列句,通常放于句末。
四、非谓语动词独立主格结构。
“名词或代词+非谓语动词”结构构成的独立主格结构称为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。
名词或代词和非谓语动词具有逻辑上的主谓关系。
1. 不定式构成的独立主格结构不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的行为或状态,在句中常作原因状语,有时做条件状语。
Lots of homework to do, I have to stay home all day.由于很多作业要做,我只好待在家里。
So many children to look after, the mother has to quit her job.如此多的孩子要照顾,这个妈妈不得不辞掉她的工作。
2. 动词+ing形式的独立主格结构动词-ing形式的句中作状语时,其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语,否则就是不正确的。
动词-ing形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时,就应在动词的-ing形式前加上逻辑主语,构成动词-ing 形式的独立主格结构,逻辑主语与动词间为主谓关系,是分词的动作执行者,分词表示的动作时逻辑主语发出的动作。
We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two.我们加倍努力,每个人就像在干两个人的活。
The governor considering the matter, more strikers gathered across his path.总督思考这个问题时,更多的罢工工人聚集到他要通过的路上。
The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.在向导的带领下,我们轻松地走出了森林。
3. 过去分词形式的独立主格过去分词形式的独立主格结构是由“逻辑主语+过去分词”构成。
逻辑主语与动词之间为动宾关系,它是分词的动作承受者,这一结构在句中作时间状语,原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语等。
This done, we went home.做完这个,我们就回家了。
All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs.积蓄用完后,我们都开始找工作。
More time and money given, we can finish the work in advance.如果给予更多的时间和金钱,我们能提前完成这个工作。
五、其他形式的独立主格结构1. 逻辑主语+名词/形容词/副词/介词短语类别示例逻辑主语+名词Many students joined in the math competition, most of them children of no more than 10. 很多学生参加了这次数学竞赛,其中大多数人年仅10岁。
I received many gifts, many of them books.我收到很多书,其中很多事书籍。
逻辑主语+形容词This section of road slippery, every driver can never be too careful. 此路段很滑,所有司机都应小心谨慎。
Arriving at the spot, they were all standing in surprise face to face, eyes wide open.一到现场,他们都面对面吃惊的站着,眼睛瞪得大大的。
逻辑主语+副词Music over, all the audience stood up with fits of applause. 音乐一结束,所有的观众都站了起来报以热烈的掌声。
Nobody in, I had to wait.没人在,我只好等着。
逻辑主语+介词短语Many experts attended the conference, most of them from the States. 很多专家参加了此次会议,其中很多人来自美国。
The boy went off, a pinwheel in his hand.小男孩手里拿着风车走了。
2. With/without+宾+宾补With/without+名词/代词+形容词表原因或伴随Hearing the tiger roaring, I felt frightened, with myface pale.听到老虎的叫声,我的脸都吓白了。