Book 4_U1_语法

直接引语和间接引语一. 定义交际中我们常常需要引述别人说的话，一种是一字不差地直接引用别人的话，放在引号内，称为直接引语（The Direct Speech）, 另一种是间接地引述别人的话，称为间接引语( The Indirect Speech). 例如：He said, “I will choose a book from my students.”他说：“我将为学生选一本书。

”He said that he would choose a book from his student. 他说他将为学生选一本书。

二. 直接引语与间接引语的转化1. 标点符号的变化：He said to me, “Don’t live in London!” = He told me not to live in London.2. 语序的变化：疑问语序变为陈述语序。

He said to me, “Do you live in London?” = He asked me if/whether I lived in London.3. 动词的变化：say (to)在陈述句中多变为tell等词，在疑问句中多变为ask等词，在祈使句中表示命令多变为tell, order等词，表请求时多变为ask等词。

He said to me, “Could you please live in London?”= He asked me if/whether I could live in London.= He asked me to live in London.练习一.单项选择：1. He asked ____ for the violin.A.Did I pay how muchB. I paid how muchC. how much did I payD. how much I paid2. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see _____.A.who is heB. who he isC. who is itD. who it is3. Can you tell me ____?A.how good is his spoken EnglishB. how well his spoken English isC. how well he speaks EnglishD. how good he can speak English4. He said that he had bought the jacket____.A.before three daysB. three days beforeC. three days agoD. last week5. Did you say_____?A. that what he said was trueB. that it was true that he saidC. what did he say was trueD. what he said it was true6. Please tell me ____ from.A.where do you comeB. where you comeC. where you will comeD. there you come7. Ask her ____ come with us.A.if she willB. if or not she willC. that if she willD. whether will she8. The driver said that he ____ pick ____ a passenger at West Street.A.will, upB. would, upC. will, outD. would, out9. He said he ___ in 1993.A.has bornB. had been bornC. had bornD. was born10. John ___ me he was going to help me with my English.A. explainedB. spokeC. toldD. said11. He asked me _______ I would go to Beijing by air the next day.A. that ofB. ifC. that whetherD. how12. Mother asked the youngest kid ________ with his toy car.A. what the matter wasB. what was the matterC. what the matter isD. what is the matter1-5. DDCBA 6-10 BABDC 11-12 BB二. 将下列直接引语改写成间接引语：1. He said, “I have been here about ten times.”2. Mary said, “I have sold my house in London.”3. The man said, “Smoking is strictly forbidden here.”4. Ann said, “She moved to Paris in 1956.”5. Mr. Black said, “We started learning Chinese last month.”6. Mary said, “Why didn’t you stop here yesterday?”7. Shaw said to Ann, “Your brother will give you a nice gift.”8. My wife said to me, “Don’t sleep with the window open.”9. I asked Tom, “Do you live on the fourteenth floor or the fifteenth floor?”10. He asked, “Should I go with you, Linda?”11. The teacher said to the students, “Water boils at 100℃.”12. The nurse said to Grey, “Leave the ward quietly.”13. He said, “How lovely the house is!”14. “Would you buy me some stamps?” he said to me.15. “Who left the banana skin on my desk?” said Cathy.16. “Are you leaving today or tomorrow morning?” said his secretary.17. She said, “How long will it take me to fly to that city?”18. “Where were you last night?” she said.19. “It is foggy today,” I said.20. He said, “I must go at once.”Key1. He said that he had been there about ten times.2. Mary said that she had sold her house in London.3. The man said that smoking was strictly forbidden there.4. Ann said that she moved to Paris in 1956.5. Mr. Black said that they had started learning Chinese the month before.6. Mary asked why I hadn’t stopped her the day before.7. Shaw told Ann that her brother would give her a nice gift.8. My wife told me not to sleep with the windows open.9. I asked Tom whether he lived on the fourteenth floor or the fifteenth floor.10. He asked Linda whether he should go with her.11. The teacher told the students that water boils at 100℃.12. The nurse told Grey to leave the ward quietly.13. He said how lovely the house was.14. He asked me to buy some stamps for him.15. Cathy asked who had left the banana skin on her desk.16. His secretary asked whether he was leaving that day or the next morning.17. She asked how long it would take her to fly to that city.18. She asked where I had been the night before.19. I said that it was foggy that day.20. He said that he would have to go at once.。