《统计分析与SPSS的应用(第五版)》课后练习答案(第2章)

《统计分析与SPSS的应用(第五版)》课后练习答案(第2章)
《统计分析与SPSS的应用(第五版)》课后练习答案(第2章)

《统计分析与SPSS的应用(第五版)》(薛薇)

课后练习答案

第2章SPSS数据文件的建立和管理

1、SPSS中有哪两种基本的数据组织形式?各自的特点和应用场合是什么?

SPSS中两个基本的数据组织方式:原始数据的组织方式和计数数据的组织方式。

原始数据的组织方式:待分析的数据是一些原始的调查问卷数据,或是一些基本的

统计指标。

计数数据的组织方式:所采集的数据不是原始的调查问卷数据,而是经过分组汇总

后的数据。

2、什么是SPSS的个案?什么SPSS的变量?

个案:在原始数据的组织方式中,数据编辑器窗口中的一行称为一个个案或观测。

变量:数据编辑器窗口中的一列。

3、在定义SPSS数据结构时,默认的变量名和变量类型是什么?如果希望增强SPSS统计分析结果的易读性,还需要对数据结构的哪些方面进行必要说明?

默认的变量名:VAR------ ;默认的变量类型:数值型。

变量名标签和变量值标签可增强统计分析结果的可读性。

4、收集到以下关于两种减肥产品试用情况的调查数据,请问在SPSS中应如何组织该份资料?

体重变化情况

产品类型

明显减轻无明显变化

第一种产品27 19

第二种产品20 33

问:在SPSS中应如何组织该数据?

数据文件如图所示:

5、什么是SPSS的用户缺失值?为什么要对用户缺失值进行定义?如何在SPSS中指定用户缺失值?

缺失值分为用户缺失值(User Missing Value )和系统缺失值(System Missing

Value )。用户缺失值指在问卷调查中,将无回答的一些数据以及明显失真的数据当作缺失值

示,如“0”、“9”、“99”

来处理。用户缺失值的编码一般用研究者自己能够识别的数字来表

等。系统缺失值主要指计算机默认的缺失方式,如果在输入数据时空缺了某些数据或输入了

“?”。在变量视

图中

为一个圆

非法的字符,计算机就把其界定为缺失值,这时的数据标记

定义。

6、从计量尺度角度看,变量包括哪三种主要类型?请各举出一个相应的实际数据。如何在

SPSS中指定变量的计算尺度?

变量类型包括:数值型(身

)、定序型(受教育程度)以及定类型(性别)。在变量视图中

定义。

7、有一份关于居民储蓄调查的模拟数据存储在Excel中,文件名为“居民储蓄调查数据.xls”。

成SPSS数据文件,并在

该数据的第一行是变量名,格式如下图所示。请将该份数据转

SPSS中指定其变量名标签和变量值标签。(该份数据的具体含义见E xcel文件的后半部分)

【文件(F)】【打开(O)】【数据(A) 】文件类型选“Excel(*.xls, ?)”,文件名选“居

”中输入

民储蓄调查数据.xls”【打开】选中“从第一行数据读取变量名”,在“范围

“A1:Q283 ”【确定】在“变量视图”窗口,调整A1 变量的宽度,输入变量名标签和变

量值标签在主菜单窗口选定【文件(F)】【保存】选择保存路径,保存类型为“sav”,文

件名为“居民储蓄调查数据”【保存】.

8、现有股民投资状况调查的文本数据, 文件名为“股民投资数据.txt ”。其中各变量的含义

文件“股民投资数据.xls ”。请将该文本数据读入SPSS,并定义变量名标签和变量

和编码见

中涉

明。(注:本调查问卷

值标签。其中各变量取值为9 的均为用户缺失值,请加以定义说

。)

及多选项问题,以及多选项问题的编码等,可先忽

【文件(F)】【打开文本数据(D) 】【数据(A) 】文件类型选“Text(*.txt, ?)”,

?”中

文件名选“股民投资数据.txt”,【打开】在“您的文本文件与预定义的格式匹配吗

选“否”,【下一步】在“变量名称是否包括在文件的顶部”中选“是”,【下一步】在“第一

个数据个案从哪个行号开始”中输入“2,”其他默认,【下一步】【下一步】在“数据格

”【下一步】默认各选项,【完成】

式”中输入“字符串”,接着在弹出的窗口输入“4,

在主菜单窗口选定【文件(F)】【保存】选择保存路径,保存类型为“sav”,文件名

为“股民投资数据”【保存】.

9、现有两个SPSS数据文件,分别名为“学生成绩一.sav”和“学生成绩二.sav”,存放了关于

学生学号、性别和若干门课程成绩的数据。请将这两份数据文件以学号为关键变量进行横

向合并,形成一个完整的数据文件。

(1)打开待合并的两个文件“学生成绩一.sav”和“学生成绩二.sav”,并按照下列程序

将这两个文件排序:【数据(D)】【排列个案】选“xh”入“排序依据”,“排列顺序”选“升序”,【确定】

(2)选“学生成绩一.sav”数据编辑器窗口为当前窗口【数据(D)】【合并文件】

【添加变量】选中“打开的数据集(O)”且选中“学生成绩二.sav”,【继续】选中“按照文件中的关键变量匹配个案”同时选中“两个文件都提供个案”,然后将“xh”变量

选入“关键变量”框中,选中“将个案源表示为变量”,【继续】【确定】【确定】

【保存】

.

10、针对当前学校或社会关心的热点问题,以小组形式设计一份调查问卷并进行调查。试

在SPSS中录入所获得的调查数据形成一份SPSS数据文件。其中,变量的类型应包括字符

型和数字型,变量的计量尺度应包括定距型、定类型和定序型。如果调查资料中存在缺失

数据应在SPSS数据文件建立过程中进行必要的定义说明。

(答案略)

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