chapter_5(1-4)
Chapter_5_Syntax_句法(练习答案)_doc
Chapter 5 Syntax 句法I. Multiple Choices:1.D. Immediate Constituent2. B. semantic3. A. concord4. A. the future is not expressed by morphological change5. D. substitutability6. C. co-occurrence7. B. Predicate 8.B. syntactic 9. C. self-control10. D. Government 11. D. coordinateII. Fill in the blanks with the most suitable words:1. Cohesion refers to ties and connections which exist within texts. They are also called formal links between sentences and between clauses.2. A sentence structure that is made up of layers of word groups is called a hierarchical structure.3. Sentences are traditionally assumed to be made up of words in _linear___ direction.4. Provide linguistic terms for the following descriptions.1) a type of relation holding with each other at aparticular place in a structure:2) an operation that moves a phrase category from its original position generated byPS rules to another within a structure: transformation3) the branch of linguistics which studies the rules governing the combination ofwords into sentences: syntaxIII. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false in the bracket before each of them:T 1. It is characteristic of Halliday’s theory that more attention is paid to paradigmatic relations than to syntagmatic relations, which is the main concern of Chomsky.F2. Tense and aspect are two important categories of the verb, and they were separated in traditional grammar. (they were not separated in traditional grammar)F 3. Paradigmatic relation in syntax is alternatively called horizontal relation.(Paradigmatic relation is also called vertical relation; horizontal relation is a term for syntagmatic relation.)T 4. All human languages utilize a finite set of discrete units to form an infinite set of possible sentences.F 5. The English sentence "If only I could fly!" is in imperative mood. subjunctivemoodF 6. GOVERNMENT may be defined as the requirement that the form of two or morewords in a syntactic relationship should agree with each other. concordT 7. The SYNTAGMATIC RELATION is a relation between one item and others in a sequence, or between elements which are all present.T 8. The deep structure may be defined the abstract representation of the syntactic properties of a construction, i.e. the underlying level of structural relations between its different constituents, such as the relation between the underlying subject and its verbs, or a verb and its object.F 9. Categorization is the process of classifying our experiences into same categoriesbased on commonalities and differences. As a major ingredient in the creation of human knowledge, it allows us to relate present experiences to past ones.different categoriesF 10. The syntagmatic relation is also known as vertical relation. horizontal relationF 11. "Singing an English song" is an exocentric construction. endocentricconstructionT 12. Single words and clauses can both be constituents.IV. Define the following terms:1. IC analysisIC analysis. IC analysis (immediate constituent analysis) refers to the analysis of a sentence in terms of its immediate constituents ---- word groups ( or phrases), which are in turn analyzed into the immediate constituents of their own, and the process goes on until the ultimate constituents are reached. In practice, for the sake of convenience, we usually stop at the level of word.2. paradigmatic relationparadigmatic relation: Saussure originally called associative, is a relation holding between elements replaceable with each other at a particular place in a structure, or between one element present and the others absent.3. Lexical ambiguityLexical ambiguity: It refers to ambiguity explained by reference to lexical meanings. For example, “I went to the bank” is lexically ambiguous in the sense that “bank” in this sentence could refer to a business establishment or a slop of landing adjoining a river.4. Grammatical ambiguityGrammatical ambiguity: Grammatical ambiguity occurs when the grammatical structure of a sentence allows two different interpretations, each of which gives rise toa different meaning.5. Concord (or: Agreement)Concord (or: Agreement) could be defined as the requirement that the forms of two or more words in a syntactic relationship should agree with each other in terms of some categories. For example, in English the determiner and the noun it precedes should concord in number as in “this man”, “these men”; “book”, “same books”.6. endocentric constructionEndocentric construction is one kind of syntactic constructions whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents, i.e., a word or a group of words, which serves as a definable centre or head. An endocentric construction is also known as a headed construction, for example, in the noun phrase “all these last few days”, days is the head. And this phrase is an endocentric construction.V. Questions:1. What is the aim of IC analysis? Make an IC analysis of the following sentence bymeans of either brackets or a tree diagram.北外2010My brother said Mary liked the handbag.The aim of IC analysis is to discover and demonstrate the interrelationships of the words in a linguistic structure—the sentence or the word-combination. The IC analysis views the sentence not just as a linear sequence of elements but as sequence made up of “layers”of immediate constituents, each lower-level constituent being part of a higher-level constituent.Though IC analysis, the internal structure of a sentence may be demonstrated clearly and ambiguities, if any, will be revealed.We can analyze the sentence like this:SNP VPVSˈNP VPN V NPDet N Det NMy mother said Mary liked the handbag. OrMy mother said Mary liked the handbag. 2. Why did Chomsky make the distinction between Deep and Surface structures?人大2006In generative grammar, deep structure is the abstract syntactic representation of a sentence, the underlying level of structural organization which specifies all the factors governing the way the sentence should be interpreted. On the other hand, surface structure is the final stage in the syntactic representation of a sentence, which provides the input to the phonological component of the grammar, and which thus most closely corresponds to the structure we articulate and hear.According to Chomsky, it is necessary to make the distinction, since it is helpful to differentiate and analyze syntactic structures such as "John is easy to please" and"John is eager to please", and also to disambiguate structures like "the shooting of the hunters". More importantly, it reflects two of the stages of how the language is processed through the generative grammar: the deep structure, which is an underlying structure, has to be transformed to the surface structure via a set of transformational rules.3.Try to identify the possible paradigmatic relation between any items in thefollowing poem by Lu Xun (i.e. tell if there is such a relation between which and which items).岂有豪情似旧时，花开花落两由之。
Chapter5翻译技巧篇(1)措词、增词
叶子南先生说，增词法就是把讲不清楚的词义用更多的字交代清楚，再者 用以调整译入语的语言结构，使译文更像译入语。
She is more royal than the royals.
她比皇家成员更具皇家气质（名词）
毛荣贵先生说，从修辞的角度来讲，许多以委婉为修辞目的的句式，或欲 言又止，或轻描淡写，或隐晦曲折，尤其论他人长短的句子，不加词不知 所云。
Ah, that woman had a tongue.
----啊！那女人的嘴可真厉害！
Emphasis
增 词 不 能 增 意
增 词 切 记 ：
表 示 复 数 概 念 的 增 词
重 复 性 增 词
概 括 性 增 词
增 词 把 抽 象 概 念 表 达 清 楚
修 辞 角 度 增 词
谢 谢 ！
译文3 近来苔丝的面容总是随着她心情的变化而 变化，心情愉快时容貌美丽，心情忧郁时容 貌平常。某一天她面色红润，显得十分完美， 另一天则会显得苍白悲哀。她面色红润时就 不像满色苍白时那么多愁善感；她比较完美 的容貌跟比较轻松的心情相一致，而比较紧 张的心情就会使她的容貌不那么完美无缺。 这会儿迎着南风的真正是她最美丽的面孔。 上海译文出版社
Her portrait flatters her. 她的肖像比她本人还漂亮。 ---修辞性增词 a noisy game/noisy color He was black and winkled.
他皮肤黝黑，满脸皱纹（皱纹满面）。---原文意义上增词
Translation Practice(E-C)
那是一派胡言。 Don’t take it seriously. I’m just making
英语：Chapter-5《Fishing-with-birds》课件(1)(牛津上海版九年级上)
How does Damin look like?
What does he do?
How ot Wang and his birds _____ _____ on his ties raft. He ______ grass around the necks swim birds’______. The birds ______ down and catch removes ______ fish. He ______ the fish from the mouths birds’ ______.
Fishing with Birds
What do we need to fish?
• Fishing rod • Fishing net • Fishmonger
How do we fish?
Do you know these words?
of average height
fit require set off enable
Why? Why not?
； 配资 https:/// 配资 ；
这时,他皱了皱眉头,抬头往右边の天空看了看.他用天眼,看到了万里之外の壹队人马,正在朝这边赶来,这队人马の数量还不少,有足足近百人,而且个个修为不差,整体实力远远超过这片绿洲上の普通修行者.这些人の实力,个个都有圣境以上,还有十几人の实力更是达到了绝强者之境以上. 显然这些人应该是出自有名の势力,绝强者现在虽然不少,但是在各大圣地,都起码也是长老壹级别の人物,地位不低,还远远没有到绝强者也烂大街の地步了.这些人飞行の速度
chapter5(第一讲)
Writing Skills
3. Add a favorable comment on the goods ordered. Example: We feel confident that you will satisfy with the quality of our goods and our business service.
Writing Skills
Part 2 An order, especially a first order, should most
certainly be acknowledged by a letter, a fax or Email. The acceptance should include the following information.
Partial shipment is allowed; Transshipment is not allowed.
We will establish the relevant L/C before September 20 as requested. We would like you to effect the insurance for ll0% of the invoice value covering All Risks and War Risk.
We are confident that we must have a good business start and will extend our business successfully in future through our mutual effort.
We anticipate to hear from you soon. Thanks a lot for your kind cooperation.
chap5中级宏观经济学答案 华中科技大学
Microeconomics, 4e (Perloff)Chapter 5 Applying Consumer Theory5.1 Deriving Demand Curves1) The above figure shows Bobby's indifference map for juice and snacks. Also shown are three budget lines resulting from different prices for snacks assuming he has $20 to spend on these goods. Which of the following points are on Bobby's price-consumption curve?A) 10 snacks and 20 juicesB) 10 snacks and 0 juicesC) 10 snacks and 5 juicesD) 10 snacks and 15 juicesAnswer: DTopic: Deriving Demand Curves2) The above figure shows Bobby's indifference map for juice and snacks. Also shown are three budget lines resulting from different prices for snacks assuming he has $20 to spend on these goods. Which of the following points are on Bobby's demand curve for snacks?A) p = 2, q = 10B) p = 2, q = 13C) p = 2, q = 5D) p = 1, q = 20Answer: CTopic: Deriving Demand Curves3) The above figure shows Bobby's indifference map for juice and snacks. Also shown are three budget lines resulting from different prices for snacks. This information could be used to determineA) the slope of Bobby's demand curve for juice.B) the amount by which Bobby's demand curve for juice shifts when his income rises.C) the amount by which Bobby's demand curve for juice shifts when the price of snacks rises.D) All of the above.Answer: CTopic: Deriving Demand Curves4) The above figure shows Bobby's indifference map for juice and snacks. Also shown are three budget lines resulting from different prices for snacks. As the price of snacks rises, Bobby's utilityA) stays the same.B) increases.C) decreases.D) might change, but there is not enough information to determine.Answer: CTopic: Deriving Demand Curves5) The above figure shows Bobby's indifference map for juice and snacks. Also shown are three budget lines resulting from different prices for snacks. Bobby's demand for snacks isA) unit elastic.B) elastic.C) inelastic.D) perfectly elastic.Answer: CTopic: Deriving Demand Curves6) The above figure shows Bobby's indifference map for juice and snacks. Also shown are three budget lines resulting from different prices for snacks. As the price of snacks rises, the price for juiceA) stays the same.B) increases.C) decreasesD) might change, but there is not enough information to determine.Answer: ATopic: Deriving Demand Curves7) An individual's demand curve for a good can be derived by measuring the quantities selected asA) the price of the good changes.B) the price of substitute goods changes.C) income changes.D) All of the above.Answer: ATopic: Deriving Demand Curves8) As the price of a good rises, the consumer will experienceA) a desire to consume a different bundle.B) a decrease in utility.C) a southwesterly movement on the indifference map.D) All of the above.Answer: DTopic: Deriving Demand Curves9) An increase in the price of a good causesA) a change in the slope of the budget line.B) an increase in the consumption of that good.C) a rightward shift of the demand curve for that good.D) a parallel rightward shift of the budget line.Answer: ATopic: Deriving Demand Curves10) Suppose a graph is drawn to show a consumer's preferences for football tickets and basketball tickets. The quantity of football tickets is measured on the horizontal axis. If the price-consumption curve is horizontal when the price of football tickets changes, thenA) football tickets are an inferior good.B) the demand for football tickets is perfectly elastic.C) the demand for football tickets is unit elastic.D) the demand curve for football tickets will be horizontal.Answer: CTopic: Deriving Demand Curves11) In the relevant price range a demand curve for a Giffen good would beA) upward sloping.B) downward sloping.C) horizontal.D) vertical.Answer: ATopic: Deriving Demand Curves12) Suppose the quantity of x is measured on the horizontal axis. If the price consumption curve is vertical when the price of x changes, then the demand for x isA) perfectly elastic.B) perfectly inelastic.C) unit elastic.D) There is not enough information to determine the price elasticity of demand for x.Answer: BTopic: Deriving Demand CurvesFor the following, please answer "True" or "False" and explain why.13) If the price-consumption curve is upward sloping when the price of the good measured on the horizontal axis changes, then the demand curve for that good will be upward sloping.Answer: False. An upward-sloping price-consumption curve indicates that as the price of the good falls, more of both goods will be purchased. So, the demand curve for the good measured on the horizontal axis slopes downward.Topic: Deriving Demand Curves14) Draw two graphs, one directly above the other. On the upper graph, label the vertical axis Good X and label the horizontal axis Good Y. On the lower graph, label the vertical axis the Price of good Y and label the horizontal axis Good Y. In the upper graph, show the income and substitution effects of a decrease in the Price of good Y when Y is a Giffen good. Draw the corresponding demand curve for Good Y in the lower graph.Answer:See the above figure. Point A is the original consumption point. The movement from point A to point B is the substitution effect. The movement from point B to point C is the income effect.Topic: Deriving Demand Curves15) The above figure shows a consumer's indifference curves for soda and all other goods. Assuming a budget of $100, derive the consumer's demand for soda for prices of $4 and $10 per case of soda. Estimate the price elasticity of demand for soda.Answer: At a price of $4, 15 cases are purchased, At a price of $10, 6 cases are purchased. In both cases, the same total amount, $60, is spent on soda. This implies unit elasticity.Topic: Deriving Demand Curves16) Use the Slutsky equation to show that a Giffen good must be an inferior good, BUT an inferior good need not be a Giffen good.Answer: The Slutsky equation may be written as dQ/dp Total dp Total = dQ/ dp subs - _(dQ/dI). For a Giffen good, dQ/dp Total is positive, which implies that - _(dQ/dI) must be positive and large enough to offset dQ/ dp subs, which is always negative. For any inferior good, however, - _(dQ/dI) is positive but not necessarily large enough to make dQ/ dp Total positive.Topic: Deriving Demand Curves5.2 How Changes in Income Shift Demand Curves1) A movement upward along an upward sloping Engel curve corresponds toA) upward sloping indifference curves.B) crossing indifference curves.C) a rotation in the budget constraint.D) a parallel shift in the budget constraint.Answer: DTopic: How Changes in Income Shift Demand Curves2) When deriving an Engel curve the prices of both goodsA) are held constant.B) increase by the same percentage as income.C) decrease by the same percentage as income.D) can either decrease, increase or stay the same.Answer: ATopic: How Changes in Income Shift Demand Curves3) The above figure shows Larry's indifference map and budget lines for ham and pork. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A) Pork is an inferior good.B) Ham is an inferior good.C) Neither pork nor ham is an inferior good.D) Both ham and pork are inferior goods.Answer: BTopic: How Changes in Income Shift Demand Curves4) The above figure shows Larry's indifference map and budget lines for ham and pork. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A) Larry's Engel curve for pork will be upward sloping.B) Larry's Engel curve for pork will be downward sloping.C) Larry's Engel curve for pork will be backward bending.D) Larry's Engel curve for pork cannot be derived from the information provided.Answer: ATopic: How Changes in Income Shift Demand Curves5) The above figure shows Larry's indifference map and budget lines for ham and pork. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A) Larry's demand curve for pork shifts rightward when his income increases.B) Larry's income elasticity of demand for pork is greater than zero.C) Pork is a normal good.D) All of the above.Answer: DTopic: How Changes in Income Shift Demand Curves6) After Joyce and Larry purchased their first house, they made additional home improvements in response to increases in income. After a while, their income rose so much that they could afford a larger home. Once they realized they would be moving, they reduced the amount of home improvements. Their Engel curve for home improvements on their current home isA) negatively sloped.B) flat.C) positively sloped.D) backward bending.Answer: DTopic: How Changes in Income Shift Demand Curves7) Suppose the quantity of x is measured on the horizontal axis. If the income consumption curve is vertical, then the income elasticity of demand for x isA) 0.B) 1.C) -1.D) There is not enough information to determine the income elasticity of demand for x.Answer: ATopic: How Changes in Income Shift Demand Curves8) An inferior good exhibitsA) a negative income elasticity.B) a downward sloping Engel curve.C) a decline in the quantity demanded as income rises.D) All of the above.Answer: DTopic: How Changes in Income Shift Demand Curves9) When John's income was low, he could not afford to dine out and would respond to a pay raise by purchasing more frozen dinners. Now that his income is high, a pay raise causes him to dine out more often and buy fewer frozen dinners. Which graph in the above figure best represents John's Engel curve for frozen dinners?A) Graph AB) Graph BC) Graph CD) Graph DAnswer: ATopic: How Changes in Income Shift Demand Curves10) When John's income was low, he could not afford to dine out and would respond to a pay raise by purchasing more frozen dinners. Now that his income is high, a pay raise causes him to dine out more often and buy fewer frozen dinners. Which graph in the above figure best represents John's Engel curve for dining out?A) Graph AB) Graph BC) Graph CD) Graph DAnswer: BTopic: How Changes in Income Shift Demand Curves11) Even though Mary's income is very low, she makes sure that she purchases enough milk for her family to drink. As her income rises, she does buy more milk. Which graph in the above figure best represents Mary's Engel curve for milk?A) Graph AB) Graph BC) Graph CD) Graph DAnswer: CTopic: How Changes in Income Shift Demand Curves12) When John was in college and his income was low, he drank "Red Ribbon" beer. As his income increased, he purchased better-quality beer and less "Red Ribbon." Which graph in the above figure best represents John's Engel curve for "Red Ribbon" beer?A) Graph AB) Graph BC) Graph CD) Graph DAnswer: DTopic: How Changes in Income Shift Demand Curves13) Which graph in the above figure best represents a good that is an inferior good at some income levels, and a normal good at other income levels?A) Graph AB) Graph BC) Graph CD) Graph DAnswer: ATopic: How Changes in Income Shift Demand Curves14) If consumer income and prices increase by the same percentageA) the consumer will buy more of both goods.B) the consumer will buy more of both goods if they are both normal goods.C) the consumer will buy less of both goods if they are both inferior goods.D) the consumer's utility maximizing bundle stays the same.Answer: DTopic: How Changes in Income Shift Demand CurvesFor the following, please answer "True" or "False" and explain why.15) An increase in income (all else equal) will ALWAYS lead to a parallel shift of the budget line. Answer: True. Since prices are unchanged the relative prices of the goods stays the same and thus the slope of the budget line.Topic: How Changes in Income Shift Demand Curves16) Explain what the slope of the income consumption curve shows about the income elasticity of demand. Answer: A positive slope of the income consumption curve is associated with a positive income elasticity of demand, and a negatively sloped income consumption curve is associated with a negative income elasticity of demand. The income consumption curve represents how consumption changes with an increase in income. An upward sloping income consumption curve represents an increase in consumption as income rises, as does a positive income elasticity.Topic: How Changes in Income Shift Demand Curves17) Why can't all goods be inferior?Answer: If all goods were inferior, an increase in income would lead to a decline in the quantity demanded for all goods. This, however, would leave the consumer below the budget line and therefore not achieving the highest utility possible.Topic: How Changes in Income Shift Demand Curves18) The above figure shows three different Engel curves. Rank them in terms of income elasticity. Answer: Engel curve A implies that a certain level of income is required before any of the good is purchased. Engel curve B implies that the quantity demanded is proportional to income (unit elastic). Engel curve C implies that the good is a necessity since it would be consumed even if income were zero. Thus _A > _B > _C.Topic: How Changes in Income Shift Demand Curves19) When income increases by 1%, the quantity demanded of a good decreases by 2%. What is the income elasticity of the good? Is the good normal or inferior? Why?Answer: The income elasticity is -2. The good is inferior because the income elasticity is negative.Topic: How Changes in Income Shift Demand Curves20) Why would you expect the demand for diamond jewelry to fall faster than plastic, costume jewelry when all incomes fall?Answer: The income elasticities differ for the two goods. Diamond jewelry most likely has a larger income elasticity than costume jewelry.Topic: How Changes in Income Shift Demand Curves21) Draw budget constraints, indifference curves, and the income consumption curve for a good that has an income elasticity that is perfectly inelastic.Answer:See the above figure.Topic: How Changes in Income Shift Demand Curves5.3 Effects of a Price Change1) Median household income is $50,000 per year. The typical household spends about $125 per year on milk, which has an income elasticity of about 0.07. From this information, we can conclude thatA) milk is a luxury.B) milk is a Giffen good.C) the income effect from a change in the price of milk is very large.D) the income effect from a change in the price of milk is very small.Answer: DTopic: Effects of a Price Change2) When the price of a good changes, the total effect of the price change on the quantities purchased can be found by comparing the quantities purchasedA) on the old budget line and the new budget line.B) on the original indifference curve when faced with the original prices and when faced with the new prices.C) on the new budget line and a hypothetical budget line that is a parallel shift back to the original indifference curve.D) on the new indifference curve.Answer: ATopic: Effects of a Price Change3) When the price of a good changes, the substitution effect can be found by comparing the equilibrium quantities purchasedA) on the old budget line and the new budget line.B) on the original indifference curve when faced with the original prices and when faced with the new prices.C) on the new budget line and a hypothetical budget line that is a shift back to the original indifference curve parallel to the new budget line.D) on the new indifference curve.Answer: BTopic: Effects of a Price Change4) When the price of a good changes, the income effect can be found by comparing the equilibrium quantities purchasedA) on the old budget line and the new budget line.B) on the original indifference curve when faced with the original prices and when faced with the new prices.C) on the new budget line and a hypothetical budget line that is a shift back to the original indifference curve parallel to the new budget line.D) on the new indifference curve.Answer: CTopic: Effects of a Price Change5) The substitution effect can be measured holding ________ constant.A) incomeB) utilityC) the price of one goodD) the price of all goodsAnswer: BTopic: Effects of a Price Change6) Suppose that frozen dinners were once a normal good for John, but now frozen dinners are an inferior good for him. John's demand curve for frozen dinnersA) has become steeper as a result.B) has become flatter as a result.C) has not changed as a result.D) has disappeared as a result.Answer: ATopic: Effects of a Price Change7) One characteristic of a Giffen good is that itA) is a luxury good.B) is an inferior good.C) has an upward-sloping Engel curve.D) All of the above.Answer: BTopic: Effects of a Price Change8) A Giffen good hasA) a positive substitution effect.B) a negative income effect.C) a larger income effect than substitution effect.D) All of the above.Answer: DTopic: Effects of a Price Change9) If a good is an inferior good, then itsA) demand curve will be upward sloping.B) income effect reinforces the substitution effect.C) income elasticity is negative.D) Engel curve cannot be drawn.Answer: CTopic: Effects of a Price Change10) Suppose Lisa spends all of her money on books and coffee. When the price of coffee decreases, theA) substitution effect on coffee is positive, and the income effect on coffee is positive.B) substitution effect on coffee is ambiguous, and the income effect on coffee is ambiguous.C) substitution effect on coffee is positive, and the income effect on coffee is ambiguous.D) substitution effect on coffee is ambiguous, and the income effect on coffee is positive.Answer: CTopic: Effects of a Price Change11) In the case of a normal goodA) demand curves always slope downward.B) the income effect and substitution effect are in the same direction.C) the Engel curve slopes upward.D) All of the above.Answer: DTopic: Effects of a Price Change12) The above figure shows Bobby's indifference map for soda and juice. B1 indicates his original budget line. B2 indicates his budget line resulting from a decrease in the price of soda. What change in quantity best represents his substitution effect?A) 3B) 10C) 15D) 7Answer: ATopic: Effects of a Price Change13) The above figure shows Bobby's indifference map for soda and juice. B1 indicates his original budget line. B2 indicates his budget line resulting from a decrease in the price of soda. What change in quantity best represents his income effect?A) 3B) 10C) 15D) 7Answer: DTopic: Effects of a Price Change14) The above figure shows Bobby's indifference map for soda and juice. B1 indicates his original budget line. B2 indicates his budget line resulting from an increase in the price of soda. From the graph, one can conclude thatA) Bobby views soda as an inferior good.B) Bobby's demand for soda is perfectly inelastic.C) Bobby views soda as a normal good.D) the income elasticity of demand for soda is 1.Answer: CTopic: Effects of a Price Change15) When measuring the substitution effect one uses the change alongA) the old indifference curve.B) the new indifference curve.C) either the old or the new indifference curve.D) the budget constraint.Answer: CTopic: Effects of a Price Change16) The Slutsky equation shows that, holding the total effect constant, the income effect will be larger for goods thatA) have a smaller substitution effect.B) make up a larger percentage of a household's budget.C) have perfectly inelastic demand curves.D) All of the above.Answer: BTopic: Effects of a Price Change17) Suppose that the interest rate paid to savers increases. As a result, Tom wishes to save less. This suggests that, for Tom,A) the substitution effect is greater than the income effect.B) the income effect is greater than the substitution effect.C) utility maximization is not occurring.D) future consumption is a luxury.Answer: BTopic: Effects of a Price Change18) Suppose that the interest rate paid to savers increases. As a result, Tom wishes to save more. This suggests that, for Tom,A) the substitution effect is greater than the income effect.B) the income effect is greater than the substitution effect.C) utility maximization is not occurring.D) future consumption is a luxury.Answer: ATopic: Effects of a Price ChangeFor the following, please answer "True" or "False" and explain why.19) If a consumer is compensated for the income effect that occurs when the price of a good increases, then his demand curves can never slope upward.Answer: True. The demand curve would only include the substitution effect. Even for Giffen goods, dq/dp is negative holding utility constant.Topic: Effects of a Price Change20) A good may be inferior at some income levels and normal at others.Answer: True. A consumer may demand more of the good at low income levels and less of the good at higher income levels. Hamburger or macaroni and cheese dinners may be examples of such goods.Topic: Effects of a Price Change21) If the Engel curve for a good is upward sloping, the demand curve for that good must be downward sloping.Answer: True. If the Engel curve is upward sloping, the good is normal. As a result, the income effect will reinforce the substitution effect and guarantee a downward-sloping demand curve.Topic: Effects of a Price Change22) Suppose Joe earns $1,000 in year 1 and $0 in year 2. Any amount he saves will earn interest at a rate of 10%. Draw Joe's budget line. (Hint: He can either consume all $1000 this year or consume nothing this year and have $1,100 next year.) Assuming convex indifference curves, show that an increase in the rate of interest can cause Joe's savings to either increase or decrease. Explain in terms of income and substitution effect.Answer:See the above figure. On the graph, his original bundle is e1 so that his savings equal 1000 - C1*. A higher interest rate rotates the budget line so that, depending on the shape of his indifference map, he may choose either e2, which means savings increase, or e3, which means savings decrease. One plus the interest rate represents the price of current consumption. A higher interest rate has two effects. The substitution effect means that Joe will save more because current consumption has become more expensive. The income effect says Joe will save less because, with the higher interest rate, lower savings could actually generate more future consumption.Topic: Effects of a Price Change23) Many manufacturers sell products labeled as having imperfections at a discount at their factory outlets but do not ship these imperfect goods to regular retail outlets. Why?Answer: There is some substitutability between the goods, but imperfects sell for a lower price. Suppose, for example, the good sells for $2, but imperfects sell for $1. Both goods cost the same to ship, say $1. As a result, the relative price of an imperfect at a factory outlet is (1/2) but rises to (2/3) at the retail outlet, where imperfects will not sell because of the higher relative price.Topic: Effects of a Price Change5.4 Cost-of-Living Adjustments1) Due to inflation, nominal prices are usuallyA) equal to real prices.B) smaller than real prices.C) larger than real prices.D) a constant proportion different from real prices.Answer: CTopic: Cost-of-Living Adjustments2) A consumer price index adjustment overcompensates for inflation because it ignoresA) the income effect when relative prices change.B) the substitution effect when relative prices change.C) that some goods are inferior.D) that the substitution effect may offset the income effect.Answer: BTopic: Cost-of-Living Adjustments3) Employing a fixed-weight index like the Consumer Price Index to adjust a person's salary in response to inflation will overcompensate this person because doing so will allow this person toA) buy the same bundle of goods as he did before the inflation.B) achieve a higher level of utility than he did before the inflation.C) achieve the same level of utility as before the inflation.D) buy more of all goods.Answer: BTopic: Cost-of-Living Adjustments4) Under which of the following conditions will there be no substitution bias in the CPI?A) Indifference curves are convex.B) Indifference curves are L-shaped.C) Indifference curves are linear.D) Indifference curves are downward sloping.Answer: BTopic: Cost-of-Living Adjustments5) Under which of the following conditions will there be no substitution bias in the CPI?A) Lower-priced goods increase in price by a greater percentage than do higher-priced goods.B) Higher-price goods increase in price by a greater percentage than do lower-priced goods.C) All goods change in price by the same amount.D) All goods change in price by the same percentage.Answer: DTopic: Cost-of-Living Adjustments6) A true cost-of-living adjustment in response to a change in prices would compensate consumers so that they would be able toA) purchase the same bundle they purchased before prices changed.B) achieve the same level of utility they did before prices changed.C) face the same choices they did before prices changed.D) achieve an increase in utility that is equal to the rate of inflation.Answer: BTopic: Cost-of-Living Adjustments7) Richard receives government transfer payments and currently consumes 5 guns and 6 goose livers. Assume the price of guns decreases by 10% and the price of goose liver increases by 20%. The government raises Richard's transfer payments so he can still afford 5 guns and 6 goose livers. Does this constitute a true cost-of-living adjustment?A) No. Richard is overcompensated.B) No. Richard is undercompensated.C) Yes. The payment just achieves the right level of compensation.D) Not enough information.Answer: ATopic: Cost-of-Living Adjustments8) Before an uneven rise in prices Allan consumed 5 bread and 6 juice. After the price increase and with an increased welfare payment from the government Allan consumes 4 bread and 7 juice. Does the government payment represent a true cost-of-living adjustment?A) Yes, if the two consumption bundles lie on the same indifference curve.B) Yes, if the second bundle yields more utility than the first.C) No, the first bundle is clearly preferred.D) Not enough information.Answer: ATopic: Cost-of-Living AdjustmentsFor the following, please answer "True" or "False" and explain why.9) Inflation over time necessarily makes consumers worse off.Answer: False. Wages also increase over time. Workers may earn the price of some goods in less time than in the past.Topic: Cost-of-Living Adjustments10) Using the CPI to compensate workers for inflation is appropriate because, in the face of a change in relative prices, people should be allowed to purchase the same bundle as they did before the price changes. Answer: False. This assumes that people would still prefer the original bundle. Because they are facing a new set of relative prices, compensating people so that they could purchase the original bundle will allow them to be able to achieve a higher level of utility than they did before the price changes.Topic: Cost-of-Living Adjustments11) Suppose the typical consumer only purchases food and clothing, and her utility can be expressed as U =F * C. Currently, food costs $5 per unit and clothing costs $2 per unit. Her income is $70. If the price of food increases to $6, compare the resulting Laspyre's price index with a true cost of living index.Answer: Maximizing utility subject to the initial constraint (5F + 2C = 70) yields C/F = 5/2 or F = 7 and C = 17.5. The Laspyre's price index calculates the ratio of the income necessary to achieve the original bundle relative to the original income. In this case [(6 * 7) + (2 * 17.5)]/70 = 1.10. The true cost of living index calculates the ratio of the income necessary to achieve the original level of utility relative to the original income. Utility is held constant when C * F = 17.5 * 7 = 122.5. The consumer is on the new budget line when C/F = 3. Combining yields F = 6.39 and C = 19.17. At the new prices, this requires an income of 76.68 and a resulting cost of living index of 76.68/70 = 1.095.Topic: Cost-of-Living Adjustments。
胡壮麟-语言学教程修订版-课堂笔记和讲义精选Chapter--(5)
Chapter 5 Meaning5.1 Meanings of “meaning”1. Meaning: Meaning refers to what a language expresses about the world welive in or any possible or imaginary world.2. Connotation: The additional meaning that a word or phrase has beyond itscentral meaning.3. Denotation: That part of the meanings of a word or phrase that relates itto phenomena in the real world or in a fictional or possible word.4. Different types of meaning (Recognized by Leech, 1974)(1) Conceptual meaning: Logical, cognitive, or denotative content.(2) Associative meaninga. Connotative meaning: What is communicated by virtue of whatlanguage refers to.b. Social meaning: What is communicated of the social circumstancesof language use.c. Affective meaning: What is communicated of the feelings andattitudes of the speaker / writer.d. Reflected meaning: What is communicated through association withanother sense of the same expression.e. Collocative meaning: What is communicated through association withwords which tend to occur in the environment of another word.(3) Thematic meaning: What is communicated by the way in which the messageis organized in terms of order and emphasis.5. The difference between meaning, concept, connotation, and denotationMeaning refers to the association of language symbols with the real world.There are many types of meaning according to different approaches.Concept is the impression of objects in people’s mind.Connotation is the implied meaning, similar to implication.Denotation, like sense, is not directly related with objects, but makes the abstract assumption of the real world.5.2 The referential theory1. The referential theory: The theory of meaning which relates the meaningof a word to the thing it refers to, or stands for, is known as thereferential theory.2. The semantic triangle theoryOgden and Richards presented the classic “Semantic Triangle”as manifested in the following diagram, in which the “symbol”refers to the linguist elements (word, sentence, etc.), the “referent” refers to the object in the world of experience, and the “thought”or “reference”refers to concept or notion. Thusthe symbol of a word signifies “things” by virtue of the “concept,”associated with the form of the word in the mind of the speaker of the language. The concept thus considered is the meaning of the word. The connection (represented witha dotted line) between symbol and referent is made possible only through“concept.”Concept / notionThought / reference----------------------Symbol objectWord stands for realitySignifier referentCode signified5.3 Sense relations5.3.1 SynonymySynonymy is the technical name for the sameness relation.5.3.2 AntonymyAntonymy is the name for oppositeness relation. There are three subtypes: gradable, complementary and converse antonymy.1. Gradable antonymyGradable antonymy is the commonest type of antonymy. They are mainly adjectives, e.g. good / bad, long / short, big / small, etc.2. Complementary antonymyThe members of a pair in complementary antonymy are complementary to each other. That is, they divide up the whole of a semantic filed completely.Not only the assertion of one means the denial of the other, the denialof one also means the assertion of the other, e.g. alive / dead, hit / miss,male / female, boy / girl, etc.3. Converse antonymyConverse antonyms are also called relational opposites. This is a special type of antonymy in that the members of a pair do not constitutea positive-negative opposition. They show the reversal of a relationshipbetween two entities, e.g. buy / sell, parent / child, above / below,etc.5.3.3 HyponymyHyponymy involves us in the notion of meaning inclusion. It is a matter of class membership. That is to say, when x is a kind of y, thelower term x is the hyponym, and the upper term y is the superordinate.Two or more hyponyms of the same one superordinate are calledco-hyponyms, e.g. under flower, there are peony, jasmine, tulip, violet,rose, etc., flower is the superordinate of peony, jasmine,etc., peonyis the hyponym of flower,and peony, jasmine, tulip, violet, rose, etc.are co-hyponyms.5.4 Componential analysisComponential analysis defines the meaning of a lexical element in terms of semantic components. That is, the meaning of a word is not an unanalyzable whole. It may be seen as a complex of different semantic features. There are semantic units smaller than the meaning of a word. E.g.Boy: [+human][-adult][+male]Girl: [+human][-adult][-male]Son: child (x, y) & male (x)Daughter: child (x, y) & -male (x)Take: cause (x, (have (x, y)))Give: cause (x, (-have (x, y)))5.5 Sentence meaning5.5.1 An integrated theory1. Compositionality: A principle for sentence analysis, in which themeaning of a sentence depends on the meanings of the constituentwords and the way they are combine.2. Selection restrictions: Restrictions on the choice of individuallexical units in construction with other units. E.g. the wordbreathe will typically select an animate subject (boy, man, woman,etc.) not an abstract or an inanimate (table, book, etc.). The boywas still breathing. The desk was breathing.5.5.2 Logical semantics1. Prepositional logic / prepositional calculus / sentential calculus:Prepositional logic is the study of the truth conditions forpropositions: how the truth of a composite proposition isdetermined by the truth value of its constituent propositions andthe connections between them.2. Predicate logic / predicate calculus: Predicate logic studies theinternal structure of simple propositions.。
中国文化概况(修订版)Chapter-5
Ancient Science and Technology
Four Great Inventions Traditional Chinese Medicine Other Impressive Ancient Inventions
15
Traditional Chinese Medicine
21
Other Impressive Ancient Inventions
Porcelain
• made generally from clay • heated at a high degree • the first glazing color is blue
Abacus
• an early form of calculator
compass
printing
gunpowder
paper-making
9
Four Great Inventions
Compass
• shows geographic directions • use the earth’s magnetic field • enables international trade and exploration • denotes eight main directions • helpful for the explorations of Zheng
13
Four Great Inventions
Printing
• known as “mother of civilization” • includes block printing and movable type printing • block printing is time-consuming and the blocks become useless after the printing • movable type printing is more convenient with the pieces being durable and reusable
商业银行Chapter-5-homework1
Chapter 5Multiple Choice Questions1. The noncash expense item on a bank's Report of Income designed to shelter a bank'scurrent earnings from taxes and to help prepare for bad loans is called:DA) Short-term debt interestB) Noninterest expenseC) Provision for taxesD) Provision for possible loan lossesE) None of the above.2．Banks depend heavily upon borrowed funds supplied by customers with little owners' capital invested. This means that banks make heavy use of: AA) Financial leverageB) Capital restructuringC) Operating LeverageD) Margin borrowingE) None of the above.3. Large U.S. banks must use which of the methods listed below to determine theirprovision for loan loss expense? CA) Experience methodB) Reserve methodC) Specific charge-off methodD) Historical cost methodE) None of the above.4. A bank's temporary lending of excess reserves to other banks is labeled on thebalance sheet as: BA) Fed Funds PurchasedB) Fed Funds SoldC) Money Market DepositsD) Securities Purchased for ResaleE) None of the above5. A bank sells shares of its common stock with a par value of $100 for $200 in themarket. Which two accounts on the bank's balance sheet are going to be affected?DA) Retained earnings and capital surplus accountsB) Subordinated notes and debentures and commons stock outstanding accountsC) Retained earnings and common stock outstanding accountsD) Common stock outstanding and capital surplus accountsE) Only the common stock outstanding account is affected6. A bank which starts with ALL of $1.48 million at the beginning of the year, chargesoff worthless loans of $.94 million during the year, recovers $.12 million on loans previously charged off and charges current income for a $1.02 million provision for loan losses will have an ALL at the end of the year of: BA) $.66 millionB) $3.32 millionC) $1.68 millionD) $1.28 millionE) The same amount as at the beginning of the year7. A bank that has total interest income of $67 million and total noninterest income of$14. million. This bank has total interest expenses of $35 million and totalnoninterest expenses (excluding PLL) of $28 million. Its provision for loan losses is $6 million and its taxes are $5. What is this bank's net income? AA) $7B) -$14C) $18D) $32E) None of the above8.You know the following information about the Miller State BankGross Loans $300Miscellaneous Assets $50Deposits $390Total Equity $50Common Stock Par $5NonDeposit Borrowings $60Investment Securities $150Net Premises $40Surplus $5Allowance for Loan Losses $50Deposits $390Total Assets $500Gross Premises $70Given this information, what is this firm’s Net Loan s?AA) $250B) $350C) $500D) $50E) $1509.You know the following information about the Davis National BankTotal Interest Expenses ($500)Total Non Interest Income $100Securities Gains (Losses) $ 50Income Taxes ($ 80)Dividends to Stockholders ($ 40)Total Interest Income $800Total Non Interest Expenses ($150)Provision for Loan Losses ($100)Given this information, what is this firm’s Net Income? DA) $300B) $150C) ($50)D) $120E) $8010.You know the following information about the Webb State BankAccumulated Depreciation $40Net Loans $600Fed Funds Purchased and Repurchase Agreements $200Cash and Due from Banks $50Trading Account Securities $40Miscellaneous Assets $100Deposits $500Undivided Profits $140Gross Premises $90Surplus $40Subordinated Debt $100Investment Securities $160Common Stock Par $20Gross Loans $700Given this information, what is this firm’s Total Assets? AA) $1000B) $300C) $800D) $200E) $500Problems5-4If you know the following figures:Gross Loans 300 Trading Account Securities 2 Allowance for Loan Losses 15 Other Real Estate Owned 4 Federal Funds Sold 26 Goodwill and other Intangibles 3 Common Stock 12 Total Liabilities 380 Surplus 19 Preferred Stock 3 Total Equity Capital 49 Nondeposit Borrowings 20 Cash and Due from Banks 9 Bank Premises and Equipment, Net 29 Miscellaneous Assets 38Bank Premises and Equipment, Gross 34Please calculate these items:Total AssetsNet LoansUndivided ProfitInvestment SecuritiesDepreciationTotal Deposits5-5.Hokie High Bank has Gross Loans of $550 million with an ALL account of $30 million. Two years ago the bank made a loan for $10 million to finance the Hokie Hotel. One million dollarsin principal was repaid before the borrowers defaulted on the loan. The Loan Committee at Hokie High Bank believes the hotel will sell at auction for $7 million and they want to charge-off the remainder immediately.a. The dollar figure for Net Loans before the charge-off is ?b. After the charge-off, what are the dollar figures for Gross Loans, ALL and Net Loans assuming no other transactions.c. If the Hokie Hotel sells at auction for $8 million, how with the affect the pertinent balancesheet accounts?5-9. See if you can determine the amount of Rosebush State Bank’s current net income after taxesfrom the figures below (stated in millions of dollars) and the amount of its retained earnings from current income that it will be able to reinvest in the bank. (Be sure to arrange all the figures given in correct sequence to derive the bank’s Report of Income.)。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
5.3存储器寻址
• 外设存储器映射
4.0GB AHB 外设 4.0GB-2MB 0xFFE00000 0xFFE00000
串口 JTAG
5.3 存储器寻址
• 片外Flash编程方法(LPC2200)：
在CPU上运行一个装载程序（Loader，一般由 用户编写），该程序通过串口接收要烧写的数据， 然后擦除编程Flash。
Loder 程序 串口
外部 Flash
5.3 存储器寻址
• 片内SRAM的写操作
SRAM控制器包含一个回写缓冲区，它总是保 存着软件发送到SRAM的最后一个字数据。该数据 只有在软件请求下一次写操作时才写入SRAM。如 果发生芯片复位，实际的SRAM内容将不会反映最 近一次的写操作。
5.2 引脚配置
• LPC2000系列芯片外形
LPC2114/2124
LPC2210/2212/2214
5.2 引脚配置
• 引脚功能选择使用示例
LPC2000系列微控制器的引脚一般是多个功 能复用，但是同一引脚在同一时刻只能使用其中 一个功能，这可以通过设臵PINSELx寄存器来选择， 详细介绍见“引脚连接模块”小节。
定时器0/1为两个独立的带可 编程32位预分频器的32位定时 器/计数器，具有捕获和匹配输 出功能；
具有4/8路10位ADC，可以设 臵为多路循环采样模式。10位 转换时间最短为2.44us；
外部中断
TIMER0/1 ADC 通用I/O PWM0
I2C串行接口
SPI串行接口 UART0 & 1 CAN 看门狗定时器
0x40000000
0x00020000 0x00000000
5.3存储器寻址
• AHB和VPB
AHB（先进的高性能总线）和VPB（VLSI外设总线）外设 区域都为2M字节，可各分配128个外设。每个外设空间的规格 都为16K字节，这样就简化了每个外设的地址译码。
注意：AHB和VPB外设区域中不管是字还是半字，都 是一次性访问。例如不可能对一个字寄存器的最高字 节执行单独的读或写操作
• 芯片内部框图
LPC2000系列微控制器包含四 大部分： ARM7TDMI-S CPU ARM7局部总线及相关部件 AHB高性能总线及相关部件 VLSI外设总线及相关部件
ARM7 局部总线 SRAM Flash AHB To VPB 桥 ARM7TDMI-S CPU 系统功能
AHB总线
VIC EMC
GPIO
P0.0
TXD0 PWM1输出
通过PINSEL0控制引脚功能
第5章 目录
1.简介 2.引脚配置 3.存储器寻址 4.系统控制模块 5.存储器加速模块 6.外部存储器控制器 7.引脚连接模块 8. 向量中断控制器 9.GPIO 10.UART0 11.UART1 12.I2C接口 13.SPI接口 14.定时器0/1 15.脉宽调制器（PWM） 16.A/D转换器 17.实时时钟 18.看门狗
0x80000000
Boot Block
0x7FFFE000
片内存储器
内部SRAM
0x40000000
内部Flash
0x00000000
5.3 存储器寻址
• 不同芯片内部存储器分布
0x40003FFF 0x40000000 0x0003FFFF 0x0001FFFF
16K
16K
16K
256K 128K LPC2210
写入A 写入B
? A B 回写缓冲区
写入A
? A 内部SRAM
写入地址
小节目录
• • • • • 存储器分布 各存储器操作方法 存储器映射 预取指中止和数据中止 异常向量表
5.3存储器寻址
• 存储器映射基本概念
ARM处理器产生的地址叫虚拟地址，把这个 虚拟地址按照某种规则转换到另一个物理地址去 的方法称为地址映射。这个物理地址表示了被访 问的存储器的位臵。它是一个地址范围，该范围 内可以写入程序代码。 通过地址映射的方法将各存储器分配到特定 的地址范围后，这时用户所看见的存储器分布为 存储器映射。
ARM7 局部总线 SRAM Flash AHB To VPB 桥 ARM7TDMI-S CPU 系统功能
AHB总线
VIC EMC
外部中断
TIMER0/1 ADC 通用I/O PWM0
I2C串行接口
SPI串行接口 UART0 & 1 CAN 看门狗定时器
实时时钟
系统控制
• 芯片内部各单元简介
内部存储器包括无等待SRAM 和Flash； 系统功能包括维持芯片工作的 一些基本功能，如系统时钟、 复位等；
第5章 目录
1.简介 2.引脚配置 3.存储器寻址 4.系统控制模块 5.存储器加速模块 6.外部存储器控制器 7.引脚连接模块 8. 向量中断控制器 9.GPIO 10.UART0 11.UART1 12.I2C接口 13.SPI接口 14.定时器0/1 15.脉宽调制器（PWM） 16.A/D转换器 17.实时时钟 18.看门狗
AHB总线
VIC EMC
外ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้中断
TIMER0/1 ADC 通用I/O PWM0
I2C串行接口
SPI串行接口 UART0 & 1 CAN 看门狗定时器
实时时钟具有可编程的积存时 钟分频器，以适应不同的晶振 频率。带日历和时钟功能，提 供秒、分、时、日、月、年和 星期，同时具有非常的功耗。
实时时钟
系统控制
5.1 简介
• LPC2000系列微控制器概述
LPC2000系列微控制器基于ARM7TDMI-S CPU内核。支持ARM和Thumb指令集，芯片内集 成丰富外设，而且具有非常低的功率消耗。使该 系列微控制器特别适用于工业控制、医疗系统、 访问控制和POS机等场合。
• LPC2000系列器件信息
器件型号 LPC2114 LPC2124 LPC2210 LPC2212 LPC2214 LPC2119 LPC2129 LPC2194 LPC2290 LPC2292 LPC2294 LPC2131 引脚数 64 64 144 144 144 64 64 64 144 144 144 64 片内RAM 16KB 16KB 16KB 16KB 16KB 16KB 16KB 16KB 16KB 16KB 16KB 8KB 片内Flash 128KB 256KB － 128KB 256KB 128KB 256KB 256KB － 256KB 256KB 32KB 10位AD通道数 4 4 8 8 8 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 CAN控制器 － － － － － 2 2 4 2 2 4 － 备注 － － 带外部 存储器 接口 － － － 带外部 存储器 接口 －
片内Flash
0x00000000
LPC2114/2212
片内RAM
LPC2124/2214
小节目录
• • • • • 存储器分布 各存储器操作方法 存储器映射 预取指中止和数据中止 异常向量表
5.3 存储器寻址
• 片内Flash编程方法：
1. 通过内臵JTAG接口； 2. 通过在系统编程（ISP），使用UART0通信； 3. 通过在应用编程（IAP）；
外部中断
TIMER0/1 ADC 通用I/O PWM0
I2C串行接口
SPI串行接口 UART0 & 1 CAN 看门狗定时器
接口，支持最高速度400kb；
实时时钟
系统控制
• 芯片内部各单元简介
具有两个完全独立的SPI控制 器，遵循SPI规范，可配臵为SPI 主机或从机； 具有两个UART接口，均包含 16字节的接收/发送FIFO，内臵 波特率发生器。其中UART1具 有调制解调器接口功能； 在LPC2119/2129/2290/2292 等芯片中包含CAN总线接口；
LPC2132
LPC2134 LPC2136 LPC2138
64
64 64 64
16KB
16KB 16KB 32KB
64KB
128KB 256KB 512KB
8
双8路 双8路 双8路
－
－ － － 带1路 DAC
总线和总线桥
CPU 低速设备
高速总线
桥
低速总线
存储器
高速设备
数据
键盘
ARM公司提出的AMBA总线标准
小节目录
• • • • • 存储器分布 各存储器操作方法 存储器映射 预取指中止和数据中止 异常向量表
小节目录
• • • • • 存储器分布 各存储器操作方法 存储器映射 预取指中止和数据中止 异常向量表
5.3 存储器寻址
• 一个具体应用可能存在的物理存储器
地址空间 片外存储器
外部存储器
0xFFFFFFFF
5.3存储器寻址
• 芯片复位后用户看见的地址空间
0xFFFFFFFF 0xF0000000 0xE0000000 0x80000000 2MB AHB 外设 2MB VPB 外设 保留给外部储器使用 8KB BootBlock 保留给片内存储器使用 16KB SRAM 保留给片内存储器使用 256KB Flash(LPC2124/2214) 128KB Flash(LPC2114/2212) 地址空间
ARM7 局部总线 SRAM Flash AHB To VPB 桥 ARM7TDMI-S CPU 系统功能
AHB总线
VIC EMC
向量中断控制器（VIC）可以 减少中断的响应时间，最多可 以管理32个中断请求；
外部存储器控制器（EMC）支 持4个BANK的外部SRAM或 Flash，每个BANK最多16MB； I2C串行接口为标准的I2C总线
第5章 目录
1.简介 2.引脚配置 3.存储器寻址 4.系统控制模块 5.存储器加速模块 6.外部存储器控制器 7.引脚连接模块 8. 向量中断控制器 9.GPIO 10.UART0 11.UART1 12.I2C接口 13.SPI接口 14.定时器0/1 15.脉宽调制器（PWM） 16.A/D转换器 17.实时时钟 18.看门狗