Cultural conflicts & industrial opportunity when East meets West revised
cultural conflicts
In the West, people think of dragons as dinosaurs, which can stand on the ground with feet and fly with huge wings. The Western dragons have the ability to erupt fire, instead of water. The fire can destroy everything, so the dragons are not welcomed at all. They even become the symbol of the Devil(撒 旦).
The Chinese Feast
hamburger.
In the US, Children are more independent, they know what to be at an early age and plan carefully to achieve the goals.
In China, Parents usually prepare everything for us. What we should do is to accept without any doubt which means respect.
What is cultural conflict? Cultural conflicts are disagreements between cultural beliefs and values by two or more sides.
cultural conflicts can be divided into:
☆Sitting straightly
Cultural_Conflicts
About Joy Luck Club
小说描写了4位性格、命运各异的中 国女性和她们各自在美国出生、成长 的女儿的生活经历。四个中国母亲， 是解放前离开中国大陆来到旧金山的， 她们不得不入乡随俗，凑合着美国的 生活方式过日子。他们信奉上帝，也 畏惧海龙王。她们希望自己的女儿， 实现自己的心愿，能成为一只华贵的 天鹅，然而，事实却令她们失望：她 们与女儿之间隔着一条心河只能永远 站在对岸看她.
About Joy Luck Club
作家笔下美国女儿们，虽然也是黑头发黄皮肤，但 她们生在美国，长在美国，他们不懂，或者只能讲 不能读中文，也不了解中国，他们是地地道道的美 国人了。美国社会教会她们美国的生活准则，她们 习惯成自然地按照美国准则生活，这些准则恰恰又 是她们的中国母亲嗤之以鼻的“游戏规则”。母女 之间既有深沉执著的骨肉亲情，又有着无可奈何的 隔膜怨恨，既互相关心又互相伤害…… 读这本书，可以了解美籍华人的心态和观念，了解 她们在迥异于中华故国的价值观与环境下成长起来 的，并不得不亲身承受两种文化与价值观的冲撞。
Two theories about culture:
Cultural imperialism
Cultural relativism
Joy Luck Club
About the author: Amy Tan (1952 — )
Amy Tan is one of the prominent American writers that have emerged since the 1980s. She was born in Oakland, California, in 1952, two and a half years after her parents immigrated to the United States from China. She received her master’s degree in linguistics from San Jose State University. Though her parents anticipated she would become a neurosurgeon by trade and a concern pianist by hobby, she instead became a consultant to programs for disabled children, and later a free-lance writer. She published her first novel: The Joy Luck Club in 1989, which was an instant success. It was followed by other novels: The Kitchen’s God’s Wife (1991), The Hundred Secret Senses (1995), and The Bonesetter’s Daughter (2001)
culture conflicts文化冲击
Culture conflicts in daily lifeWith the development of China, more and more foreigner friends come to china. As well as the number of Chinese people go to foreign countries for trips increases sharply every year. While we are appreciating the beautiful scenery, the culture is also important. For me, it is an interesting thing to know about the local culture. On the other hand, if you know little about the culture, maybe you may make some funny mistakes.In our daily life, there are many culture conflicts around us. If we just pay attention to it carefully, we may find them.Let me list some of the culture conflicts for you.“T o know another’s language and not his culture is a very way to make a fluent fool of one’s self” said Winston Brembeck. It means that culture is important. Different area has different culture. Members of a particular culture have certain things in common, such as certain values and beliefs, certain customs, certain gestures and certain foods. Although we are in different culture, the art, music, literature and folk stories are the common. We may share them without language. However, it is also important to remember that culture is not a static entity. It is constantly changing and evolving under the impact of and as a result of contact with other cultures which means culture conflicts.Communication is central to our existence. Through communication, we learn who we are and what the world around us is like, we explore the world around us, and establish bonds, networks, and relationships with other people. We can learn much from communication.Here is an example of myself. Once I met a headsome Germany in the KFC in EXPO, because of the large number of people, the tables were limited. So he and I shared the same table. Of course, we had some communication, but this is not the point. The point is after eating, he said goodbye to me and take the rubbish away, compare with some other people, the action must be said pretty well!!“When in Rome, do as the Romans do”. In my opinion, this the most interesting thing. This is also the reason why I love travelling around by myself. I try to become one of the member of the local people, feel their colorful life. In recent years, many English-speaking people tend toaddress others by their given names, even when meeting for the first time which is especially common among Americans. This shows that the different cultures are combined together.Generally speaking, it is regarded as impolite in Western culture to ask a person his or her age. Particularly in woman. As far as I can see, it is still impolite in China, for me at least, I do not like others asking my age, and I will not do the same thing. Maybe it is because we receive a combination education. All cultures require and value politeness, but the ways in which politeness is achieved may vary significantly.I remember clearly that four years ago on my way from Qingdao to Shanghai, I met two Korean girls, they asked me, ”why the Qingdaonese like showing their belly to us?”. This question was so cute that I laughed for a while and then I told them that they feel too hot so they pull their T-shirt off, this make them feel cool. I know about that in Korea, people will not appear in the public or in their own home without wearing clothes. So the culture conflicts make them feel confused.“A foreigner in Beijing, one day he come out of the public toilet and pumped into people, the old ask him in Chinese “chi le mei?” politely. But the foreigner misunderstood the meaning, and he thought this was very impolite. This phenomenon is common in culture conflicts. And it will make people feel embarrassed.In social communication, culture conflicts causes misunderstanding things among different people. Culture difference makes greeting differ, and they do not understand each other even you consider it is quite natural to speak. Chinese often take too much care of others, just like “Have you eaten your meal?””where are you going?” and so on.There are generally two attitudes toward differences. One is to take differences as polar opposites, the other is to see them as being different in degrees. Cultural conflict phenomenon caused a variety of reasons traced to the fundamental, it is because the two sides have different Chinese and Western cultural and historical background, and this will inevitably bring about people's thinking and behavior, and many other differences, and even conflict. Culture conflicts are sometimes puzzling , but most of the time they are fun!。
The Cultural conflicts in American and China中美文化冲突
The Cultural conflicts in American and China&Its Influence on Intercultural Business Negotiation杨范婷Abstract: Culture is a distinguishing feature of a nation. Usually we divide culture into eastern and western categories. As the representative of eastern and westernculture, China and America have a lot of incongruities in terms of cultural valueswhich have deep influences on international business negotiation. This thesisaims to analyze the main cultural differences of the target countries using fourcultural dimensions on five processes of cross-cultural business negotiation.After a general view of these theories I suggest some negotiating strategiesand tactics to solve Sino-US cultural conflict appearing on the negotiatingtable.摘要：文化是一个民族的基本特征，通常我们把文化分为西方文化和东方文化。
作为中西文化的典范—中国和美国在文化价值观上有着千丝万缕的差别，而这种差异又对两国间的国际商务谈判有着深远的影响。
外国人来中国可能会遇到的文化冲突英语作文
外国人来中国可能会遇到的文化冲突英语作文Cultural Conflicts Foreigners May Encounter When Coming to ChinaIntroduction:China is a country with a rich history, diverse traditions, and unique cultural practices. As a result, foreigners who come to China may encounter cultural conflicts due to differences in customs, beliefs, and values. In this essay, we will explore some of the cultural conflicts that foreigners may encounter when coming to China.Language Barrier:One of the most common cultural conflicts that foreigners may encounter when coming to China is the language barrier. Chinese is a complex language with characters and tones that can be difficult for non-native speakers to learn. This can make it challenging for foreigners to communicate with locals and navigate daily tasks such as ordering food, asking for directions, or shopping.Social Etiquette:Another cultural conflict that foreigners may encounter in China is social etiquette. Chinese people have different customs and manners when it comes to greetings, gift-giving, dining, and other social interactions. For example, it is common in China to address people by their titles or last names, and to use both hands when giving or receiving gifts. Foreigners who are not familiar with these customs may inadvertently offend or confuse their Chinese counterparts.Food and Dining:Food and dining customs in China can also be a source of cultural conflict for foreigners. Chinese cuisine is diverse and includes a wide variety of dishes with different flavors and ingredients. Some foreigners may find certain Chinese dishes to be unfamiliar or unappetizing, while others may struggle with chopsticks or the practice of sharing dishes family-style. Additionally, there are certain taboos in Chinese dining culture, such as sticking chopsticks upright in a bowl or turning over fish, that foreigners should be aware of to avoid causing offense.Personal Space and Privacy:In China, personal space and privacy are often viewed differently than in Western countries. Chinese people may stand closer to others in public spaces, ask personal questions, or offerunsolicited advice or opinions. Foreigners who are used to a more reserved or private cultural norms may feel uncomfortable or invaded by such behavior. It is important for foreigners to understand and respect these differences in order to navigate social situations and interactions with ease.Religious Beliefs:Religion plays a significant role in the lives of many Chinese people, with Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism being the most widely practiced traditions. Foreigners who come to China may encounter cultural conflicts related to religion, such as observing traditional Chinese ceremonies or rituals, visiting temples or shrines, or participating in religious festivals. It is important for foreigners to be respectful and open-minded towards these cultural practices, even if they do not share the same beliefs.Conclusion:In conclusion, foreigners who come to China may encounter cultural conflicts due to differences in language, social etiquette, food and dining customs, personal space and privacy, and religious beliefs. By being aware of these cultural differences and showing respect and willingness to learn, foreigners can navigate their experiences in China more smoothly and develop a deeperunderstanding and appreciation for the country's rich and diverse culture.。
culture conflict
P2Culture is “ that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a mamber of society”.culture is learned; it is shared; it is dynamic and heterogeneous; it involves percption and values; and it furnished atitudes.P3Culture is learned. Culture is not something we are born with; rather, it is learned. For examples, most american eat holding a fork in one hand, but when they use a knife, they shift the fork to their other hand. Europeans think this is clumsy; they simply eat with fork in one hand and knife in the other. Anther example is that: while americans and japanese share a need to be loved, americans tend to express feelings of love more overtly, while japanese are taught to be more restrained. So, when we are born, we do not know how to be a male or a female, american or chinese, and so on; rather, we are taught. We have to learn how to eat,walk,talk, and love like other members of our cultrual groups.Culture is shared. Culture is an attribute not of individuals per se but of individuals as member of groups. It becomes a group experience because it is shared with people who live in and experience the same social environment. So our perceptions are similar to those of other inndividuals who belong to the same cultural groups. Culture is transmitted in society. We learn our culture by observing, listening, talking, and interacting with many other people. Shared beliefs, values, memories, and expectations link people who grow up in the same culture.Culture is dynamic and heterogeneous.the people from a particular culture are not identical and any culture has many intercultural struggles. For Instance, when we speak of chinese culture or french culture, we ignore the diversity that resides in the culture. That chinese culture may refer to the main land chinese or to the chinese from hong kong, who speak cantonese. The label chinese thus obscures incredible diversity.Culture involves perception and values. Culture is sth described as a sort of lens through which we view the world. All the information we receive in a given day passes through this perceptual lens. Culture involves value thus culture affects behavior. The shared interpretations about beliefs, values affect the behaviors of large groups of people. Thus cultural differences are evident in the varying ways in which people conduct their everyday activities, as people perform their culture in their behavioral routines.P4cultural conflicts can be divded into affection conflict, cognitive conflict, value conflict, goal conflict and conflict of interest. Society, economy, history and religion are the causes of those cultural conflicts.P5Affective conflict. Affect conflict occurs when individuals become aware that their feelings and emotions are incompatible. More detailed, such as our chinese are not used to say thank youafter our family members or close friends had helped us, but americans always appreciate others who have given them the help. Thus the affective conflict may occur when a chinese and an american are in their intercultural communication.Cognitive conflict. Cognitive conflict describes a situation in which two or more people become aware that their thought process or perceptions are in conflict. For example, chinese are likely to say have you eaten yet? When we meet a friend. It is one way of expressing hello or ai , but after hearing this the westerners are tend to think their chinese friends are afraid they have not money for eating. This kind of cognitive conflict offer occurs in intercultural communication.Value conflict.value conflict is a more serious type. It occurs when people different ideologies.for instance, in chinese culture, people like a modest and polite person who can accommodate himself to circumstances but more westerners think this kind of people lack passion and ambition.Goal conflict. Goal conflict occurs when people disagree about a preferred outcome or end state.Conflict of interest.a conflict of interest describes a situation in which people have incompatible perferences for a course of action or plan to pursue.P6Cause for cultrual conflictsTo fully understand cultural conflicts, we need to look beyond individuals who may be in conflict.many cultural conflicts can be better understood by paying attention to society , economy, history, and religion which are the main causes for cultural conflicts.Society and economy。
conflict的用法和搭配
conflict的用法和搭配一、conflict的定义和基本用法在英语中，"conflict"（冲突）是一个常见的词汇，用来描述不同方面或个体之间的争执、对立和矛盾。
该词既可作名词也可作动词，在不同的语境中具有不同的意义和搭配。
下面将介绍conflict在名词和动词两个层面上的用法和常见搭配。
【名词用法】1. 定义：作为名词，"conflict"指代一种产生于不同目标、需求或立场之间的矛盾状态，可能涉及意见、权利、资源等方面。
它通常是人与人之间或团体与团体之间无法调和的冲突。
2. 例句：There is a conflict between his personal interests and his professional responsibilities.（他个人利益与职业责任之间存在冲突）3. 搭配：- conflict resolution（解决冲突）: 关注冲突如何通过协商、谈判或其他方式得到解决。
- conflict management（处理冲突）: 着重于如何预防、调停和减轻由于冲突产生的负面影响。
- conflict of interest（利益冲突）: 表示一个人在职业或权益上存在矛盾或抵触。
【动词用法】1. 定义：作为动词，"conflict"表示发生冲突、对立或争执。
它可以描述个人、观点、目标之间的矛盾，并经常与介词"with"连用。
2. 例句：His opinion conflicts with mine.（他的观点与我的意见不一致）3. 搭配：- conflict with（与...冲突）: 描述两者之间存在明显的不和谐或互斥。
- conflict against（与...相抵触）: 表示一个事物或行动与另一个事物或行动发生冲突。
- conflict on/over/around（关于...有分歧）: 指涉及某个特定话题或领域时产生分歧。
如何避免文化冲突英语作文
如何避免文化冲突英语作文Avoiding cultural conflicts is essential in today's globalized world where people from different backgrounds and cultures interact on a daily basis. Cultural conflicts can arise due to misunderstandings, stereotypes, and lack of awareness about other cultures. It is crucial to address these issues and find ways to prevent cultural conflicts from occurring. In this essay, I will discuss various strategies and approaches to avoid cultural conflicts and promote harmony and understanding among people from diverse cultural backgrounds.First and foremost, it is important to promote cultural awareness and sensitivity. This can be achieved through education and training programs that focus on teaching individuals about different cultures, traditions, and customs. By increasing cultural awareness, people can develop a better understanding of others' perspectives and ways of life, which can help prevent misunderstandings and conflicts. Additionally, promoting cultural sensitivity canhelp individuals avoid inadvertently offending others from different cultural backgrounds.Another approach to avoiding cultural conflicts is through effective communication. Open and respectful communication is key to bridging cultural gaps andfostering understanding. It is important for individuals to actively listen to others and be willing to learn from different cultural perspectives. By engaging in open and honest dialogue, people can address potential cultural conflicts before they escalate and find mutually acceptable solutions.Furthermore, promoting diversity and inclusion in all aspects of society can help prevent cultural conflicts. Embracing diversity and celebrating different cultural backgrounds can create a more inclusive and harmonious environment where people feel valued and respected. Thiscan be achieved through policies and initiatives that promote diversity in the workplace, schools, and communities. By creating a culture of inclusivity, individuals are more likely to feel accepted and understood,reducing the likelihood of cultural conflicts.In addition, it is important to challenge stereotypes and prejudices that contribute to cultural conflicts. Stereotypes and prejudices can lead to misconceptions and negative attitudes towards certain cultural groups, which can result in conflict and tension. By actively challenging and debunking stereotypes, individuals can develop a more accurate and nuanced understanding of different cultures, leading to greater empathy and respect for others.Another effective strategy for avoiding cultural conflicts is through building relationships and fostering intercultural friendships. By forming meaningful connections with individuals from different cultural backgrounds, people can gain firsthand insight into other cultures and develop empathy and understanding. Strong intercultural relationships can help break down barriers and promote mutual respect and cooperation, ultimately reducing the likelihood of cultural conflicts.Lastly, it is important to promote cultural competenceand humility. Cultural competence involves the ability to effectively interact with people from different cultures, while cultural humility involves recognizing thelimitations of one's own cultural perspective and being open to learning from others. By promoting cultural competence and humility, individuals can navigate intercultural interactions with sensitivity and respect, ultimately helping to avoid cultural conflicts.In conclusion, avoiding cultural conflicts requires a multifaceted approach that involves promoting cultural awareness and sensitivity, fostering effective communication, embracing diversity and inclusion, challenging stereotypes and prejudices, building intercultural relationships, and promoting cultural competence and humility. By implementing these strategies, individuals and societies can work towards creating a more harmonious and understanding world where cultural conflicts are minimized, and mutual respect and cooperation are prioritized.。
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Particular aspect – interview •Smart, energetic and creative vs corporate loyalty, political progress •Own thought vs obey superiors •Friends vs children •Expected different answers for same question
Three main different types of companies •Localised foreign companies (LFC) •State-Owned Utility (SOU) •Private Owned Public limited company (POPLC)
Comparison between LFC and SOU
How to make ourselves outstanding? •Great A-Level results – Inflated •2:1 or above results – Basic requirements •Multi-cultural understanding •Internship experiences
Existence of difference between Oriental(Eastern) and Western
• Different historical backgrounds and cultural traditions • Cross-border cultural communication exists in various forms • Appears mainly in three ways in industry » Humans and nature » Individual and groups » Business philosophy and management methods
Cultural Conflicts
Cultural Conflicts
My personal experience as Personnel Director of a Young Enterprise
• Multicultural Team • Different ways of thinking across broad spectrum of cultures
PSW Cancellation •Cancellation of Post Study Work Visa •No longer have opportunity to find a job after graduation
UK Employment Climate Continue
Positive news •Picture may be improving •8.9% annual increase in graduate jobs •Further 3.8% increase for this year
Western Enterprising culture
Distinctive Western Enterprising Culture •Emphasize results •Pay attention to efficiency, quality, technology and other physical elements •Encourage personal struggle, heroism and individualism •Encourage innovative •Strong sense on rules
Comparison between SOU and POPLC
Comparison between SOU and POPLC •Appreciated same value •Different running philosophy •Be responsible for other people vs be responsible for individual matters •Responsible for high end vs responsible for both high and low end •Single function-based position vs across-functional position
Cultural Conflicts & Industrial Opportunity when East meets West
- Represented by Mr Cheng Ge
Ambassador of Imperial College to Industries in China Rector’s Ambassador of Imperial College London Industrial Plenipotentiary Representative of Imperial College London
Enterprising Culture Comparison
Comparison for ways of thinking •Oriental - comprehensive •Western - analytical •Example
Major differences •Collectivism vs individuation •Interpersonal relationship vs scientific thought •Ethical-based vs legislation based •Correct guidance vs strict precautions •Attitudes to working place
Oriental Enterprise Culture
Common ground: Market – Oriented
• Social responsibilities • National identity
Orientals
• Human beings are in accordance with ‘Harmony’
Personal humble opinions •Worth to have a 2-3 years working experiences in UK •Then decides later
UK Employment Climate
Graduate unemployment reach highest point over a decade •Graduate unemployment reached its highest level since 1995 •Graduate unemployment had risen faster - from 10.6% to 20% - than unemployment for the UK as a whole (5.2% to a high of 7.9%). •Average starting salaries -- £25,000 •‘Exceptionally hostile jobs market’ •Current average is 69 applicants for a job •Only 28 applicants for a job in 2006
Industrial Opportunity
Industrial Opportunity
Economic Power of China •Second largest economy •Restructuring of global economy •International mergers and acquisitions •Accelerated Urbanization •Domestic consumer demands expansion •Technology and industrialization Imperial College •Long term sustainable relationship •Highly beneficial •Students enhance profile in Far East •Involves in new technologies •Valuable working experiences
Personal experiences •State Grid of China & Thermal Power •AREVA R&D CTC – Eager to learn cultures •Wiscom System Ltd Co., – Construct system to allow them to keep brilliant people for tomorrow
（天人合一） • Kept for more than 2000 years • Difficult to sever the umbilical cord of history
Distinctive Oriental Enterprising cultures
• • • • • • Seeking the same psychological stresses Centralized management system Recognition of the importance of the human spirit Advocate to form a warm and harmonious family atmosphere Emphasizing the organization's overall control Good at using vague and subtle managerial art