勇-646-巴基斯坦人学汉语Chinese-English dictionary
在巴基斯坦,学习中文很酷
In Pakistan,learning Chinese is Cool在巴基斯坦，学习中文很酷江苏宝应中学韦恩东如今，在巴基斯坦，学习普通话被视为通往繁荣的大门。
在北京和伊斯兰堡于2015年签署启动中巴经济走廊文件之后，更多的巴基斯坦人开始学习中文。
在过去几年里，学中文的巴基斯坦人已增长了十倍多。
虽然将中巴文化联系起来可能不像学习一门语言那么容易，但这些学生身上映射着两国间更美好、更宽泛的未来。
1.Mandarin n .（中文）普通话；2.sibling n .兄弟姊妹；同胞3.memorandum n .备忘录；便笺4.corridor n .走廊；通道5.supervisors n .监督员；指导者Saleem Abbas,a 17-year -old boy from northern Pak -istan.Abbas 'family has invested heavily in his education,hoping that eventual fluency in Mandarin will lead to a good job and allow him to help finance the education of his younger siblings .In Pakistan,speaking Mandarin is now seen as a door to prosperity.“Chinese is the language that can make Pakistan prosperous and help Pakistanis get a job,”he says ，“China can also help Pakistan move forward.”Many people began learning Chinese in the past few years,after Beijing and Islamabad signed a memorandum of understanding that launched the China -Pakistan Economic Corridor in 2015.It is an ambitious series of infrastructure （基础设施）projects worth more than $50billion.The mix of investment,loans and Chinese expert advice is transforming Pakistan with new roads,high speed rails,a port and power plants.Tens of thousands of Chinese have come to work on these projects,so there 's a demand for translators,lawyers and super -visors who need to speak Mandarin.At the university where Abbas studies,senior Mandarin lecturer Rashida Mustafa,says “Man-难词扫障ReadingCheckComplete the summary according to the text.Saleem Abbas from northern Pakistan,with the(1)(expect)of his family,is learning Mandarin now.With the China-Pakistan Econom-ic Corridor(2)(launch),there's a demand for Pakistanis who could speak Mandarin (3)(communicate)with Chinese.The number of Pakistanis(4) (learn)mandarin has increased in the past six years.And efforts by the Chinese government and Chinese universities(5)(make)to im-prove learning conditions.Although it is not easy,these students' experience will make(6)(contribute)to link two cultures and bring people（7）(close)between China and Pakistan.LanguageStudyI.Important vocabulary in the text1.invest v.投资2.ambitious adj.有雄心的3.sustainable adj.可持续的4.flock v.聚集；蜂拥5.sketch out概述；简述plete the following sentences in correct forms with the vocabulary given above.1.The young man relied on his friends to further his career.2.The criticisms will not stop peopleto see the film.3.You mean it is wise to in this project.4.We need to have a more stable andbusiness model.5.Give me a notebook and pencil and I'llwhat I have in mind.6.The government will an extensive public works program next year.darin has been taught since the early1970s.For most of that time,there were20students per class and three classes—two for beginners and one advanced.Most of the students were military officers.”Now,there are500students studying Mandarin,and the university added morning and evening classes.From10teachers in2014,they now have40,alongside two volunteer teachers that the Chi-nese Embassy provides.In addition,the Chinese government and Chinese universities offered5，000 scholarships to Pakistanis in2016.China's hope is that some of the scholarship recipients（接受者）will return home to teach Mandarin and create a sustainable Pakistani network for teaching the lan-guage.Even without scholarships,it seems Pakistanis are flocking to study in China.In2016,some 22,000were studying there.A more than ten times increase has appeared over the past six years.Pak-istanis rank as the fourth largest group of foreign students in China,after South Koreans,Americans and Thais.Their experience sketches out something broader,although linking two cultures,bringing people closer,may not be as easy as just learning alanguage.Language StudyⅡ.1.appreciation 2.seek after 3.shorthand4.take a bite of5.sought6.roamed around；which；peddling“百步青年”———难以想象的“懒癌”Reading Check（1）youth（2）origin（3）56%（4）rising/invention（5）phenomena（6）watch （7）burden（8）unwilling（9）rested（10）blameLanguage StudyⅡ.1.have no idea 2.has emerged 3.essential 4.carry out 5.automatically 6.consequences7.ease up;take a serious attitude8.with the least amount of effort三月草长莺飞，牛剑赛艇一会Reading Check1.C2.BLanguage StudyⅡ.1.short of 2.is known as 3.died down4.shaped like;stretches5.turnaround水下机器人———狮子鱼大追捕Reading Check1.D2.DLanguage StudyⅡ.1.plotted out a course 2.perfect3.chasing after4.be hunted down5.Killing off●外刊馆科技领域：阳盛阴衰之探寻Part3读后思考Any answer is possible.●中国风在巴基斯坦，学习中文很酷Reading Check(1)expectation(2)launched(3)to communicate (4)learning(5)are made(6)contributions (7)closer Language StudyⅡ.1.ambitious 2.flocking 3.invest4.sustainable5.sketch outunch●写作坊怎样写好建议信写前导练Ⅰ.英汉互译1.accent2.vocabulary3.correction4.course5.practice6.pronounce7.review8.speechage11.effective 12.express13.fluently14.gradually15.grammar 16.improve17.knowledge18.master19.memorize20.overcome21.absorbmunication23.consult24.extensive 25.vital26.official27.attend English classes28.join the English corner29.improve spoken English30.make friends municate with sb32.offer an opportunity 33.enlarge/expand one's vocabulary34form the habit of reading35.keep a diary36.memorize as many words as you can37.practise one's oral/spoken English38.focus on learning grammar39.attitude to learning40.develop one's interest 41.be popular with42.have an advantage over 43.attach importance to44.be accustomed to 45.benefit from46.concentrate on47.have a good command/knowledge of48.keep/bear...in mind49.learn...by heart50.make great efforts51.make progress52.make full use of53.pick up54.refer to/consult a dictionary（look up a word/words in the dictionary）55.set/take/put/write/note down56.take notes57.translate/put...into58.work hard at59.culture difference/diversity60.cultivate cross-cultural awareness61.respect others'culture and custom62.read English aloud。
巴基斯坦学生汉语语音学习难点分析
巴基斯坦学生汉语语音学习难点分析随着中国政治、经济、文化地位的迅速提升，越来越多的人开始研究汉语，巴基斯坦也不例外。
虽然汉语和乌尔都语属于不同的语系，在语音方面差别很大，但语音教学却是汉语教学的重要组成部分。
语音教学的目标是让研究者掌握汉语语音的基本知识和正确、流利的发音，为用口语进行交际打下基础。
本文通过大量调查，对汉语和乌尔都语语音系统进行比较分析，找出巴基斯坦学生在研究汉语时常见的偏误问题，以便今后采取有效措施来避免偏误的形成，提高学生汉语语音研究的自觉意识，使语流更自然、流利。
在巴基斯坦，虽然每个省几乎都有自己的语言，但___在教育体系中是必修课程。
因此，本文只分析乌尔都语中和汉语辅音相似或相同的音和汉语辅音进行对比分析，找出难点。
此外，虽然乌尔都语中不存在与汉语辅音c、zh、ch、sh、j、x相同或相似的音，但我们可以找到用两个辅音合成一个音与之相对应的音。
对于声母的研究，巴基斯坦学生主要容易在送气与不送气上出现偏误。
而在韵母方面，主要问题是鼻音题。
四声的难易程度依次为一声、三声、二声、四声。
从发音的阻碍方式来看，乌尔都语和汉语都有6个塞音、___和擦音，2个鼻音和一个边音。
但是汉语辅音z是塞擦音，而乌尔都语的[z ]是擦音；x是擦音，[]是___。
从是否送气上来看，乌尔都语的这些音都可以送气或不送气，分别为8个和13个。
而汉语声母中有6个送气和6个不送气，其中z不送气，但乌尔都语的[z ]是送气的。
从是否震动上来看，汉语只有浊音m、n、l、r发音时声带震动，而乌尔都语中有8个声母会震动。
虽然有相似和相同的音，但巴基斯坦学生在研究汉语语音中仍存在各种错误。
主要原因是研究汉语作为第二语言与第一语言得不同，研究者已经形成了第一语言的惯，因此存在第一语言惯的迁移问题。
由于受乌尔都语的影响，在某些声母和韵母的发音以及声调方面存在偏误。
例如，汉语中送气与不送气是主要的区别特征，而在乌尔都语中，送气不送气并不是重要的区别特征。
马-76-巴基斯坦人学汉语Chinese-English dictionary
马-76-巴基斯坦人学汉语Chinese-English dictionary
mǎ哺乳动物,善跑,重要力畜之一,皮可制革horse
马上立刻at once/immediately/straight away/right away:表演～开始了。
The
performance is soon going to start.
马鞍放在骡马背上供骑坐的器具,两头高,中间低saddle马鞍形the shape of a saddle/a falling-off between two peak periods
马虎不认真,不细心careless/casual
马大哈①粗心大意careless/forgetful②粗心大意的人a careless person/scatterbrain 马后炮象棋术语,借来比喻不及时的举动belated action or advice/belated effort：事情都做完了,你才来放～。
You come and offer belate help when the work's all done.
马拉松①指马拉松赛跑marathon
马前卒比喻为别人效力的人(多含贬义)pawn/cat's-paw
马到成功形容迅速地取得胜利gain an immediate victory/win instant success
马不停蹄比喻一刻也不停留地前进without a stop/nonstop
马仰人翻形容惨败的狼狈相也比喻极端忙乱的样子there is a panic
马鞍形saddle-shaped/U-shape
│马大哈careless/careless and negligent
│马蜂窝wasp nest。
难-64343-巴基斯坦人学汉语Chinese-English dictionary
难-64343-巴基斯坦人学汉语Chinese-English dictionarynán ①困难(跟‘易’相对)difficult/hard/troublesome:艰～extremely difficult丨～题difficult problem②使人感到困难put sb into a difficult position:这点小事,～不倒我。
The little problem can't daunt me.丨这个问题～住了我。
The question put me on the spot.③不容易;不大可能hardly possible:～免(不容易避免)hard to avoid丨～怪no wonder④不好bad/unpleasant:～听unpleasant to the ear丨～看ugly/unsightly丨～过have a hard time/feel sorry/feel bad难为①不容易做,使人为难embarrass/press:他不会做,别～他了。
Since he can't do,please don't embarrass him.②多亏(指做了不容易做的事)be a tough job to:一个人做那么多事真～了他。
It's a tough job for him to deal with so many affairs.③表示感谢to show thanks:～你了。
Thank you!难受①身体不舒服feel unwell/feel ill/suffer pain②心里不痛快feel unhappy/feelbad难处(chǔ) 不容易相处hard to get along with难处(·chu) 困难difficulty/trouble:难堪①难以忍受intolerable/unbearable:②窘;难为情embarrassed:难分难解①双方相持不下(多指竞争或争吵),难以开交neither would give in/neither can get the upper hand②形容双方关系密切,难于分离be sentimentallyattached to each other难能可贵不容易做的事居然能做到,值得宝贵it is praise worthy for one who has achieved sth. difficult/(to things or actions) exceptionably commendable/sth. rare and deserving praise/rarely possible and deserving much praise/estimable/commendable难产difficult labor (in childbirth)难-64343-巴基斯坦人学汉语Chinese-English dictionarynàn ①灾祸;不幸的遭遇calamity/disaster/adversity:②责问take to task/blame:非～reproach难民由于战争或自然灾害的原因而流离失所、生活困难的人refugee难兄难弟彼此曾共患难的人;彼此处于同样困难境地的人fellow sufferers。
登-6542-巴基斯坦人学汉语Chinese-English dictionary
登-6542-巴基斯坦人学汉语Chinese-English dictionarydēng ①上;升;(人)由低处到高处ascend/scale (a height)/(of person) mount:～山mountain-climbing/mountaineering丨～高望远ascend a height to enjoy a distant view丨一步～天reach the sky in a single bound/attain the highest level in one step/have a meteoric rise②记载publish/record/enter:～报publish in the newspaper 丨～记register/check in/enter one's name丨～载publish (in newspaper or magazine)③踩、踏step on/tread:～在椅子上step on the chair丨～三轮车pedal a pedicab丨～水车pedal a waterwheel④成熟harvest::五谷丰～reap a bumper grain harvest登场(cháng) (谷物)收割后运到场上be gathered and taken to the threshing ground:大豆～之后,要马上摊晒。
After the soybean has been carried to the reshing ground, itshould be immediately exposed to sun.登场(chǎng) (剧中人)出现在舞台上come on stage:粉墨～make oneself up and go on stage/embark upon a political venture登基帝王即位也叫‘登极’ascend the throne登台①走上讲台或舞台mount a platform or a stage②比喻走上政治舞台go up onthe political stage登时立刻immediately/at once/then and there:说干就干,大家～动起手来。
疏-63041-巴基斯坦人学汉语Chinese-English dictionary
疏-63041-巴基斯坦人学汉语Chinese-English dictionary
shū ①开通dredge (a river):～通dredge/mediate between two parties丨～导dredge
②分散disperse/scatter:～散sparse/scattered/dispersed/evacuate③稀(与‘密’相对）
thin sparse/scattered：稀～few and scattered/few and far between/thin/sparse④不亲
近；不熟悉(of family or social relations) distant：～远drift apart/become estranged
丨生～unfamiliar/out of practice/not as close as before⑤粗心neglect:粗～
careless/inattentive丨～忽carelessness/neglence/oversight⑥浅薄scanty:才～little
talent
疏导 开通壅塞的水道,使水流畅通dredge:～淮河dredge Wei
疏通 ①清除淤寒或挖深河槽使水流通畅②沟通双方的意思,调解双方的争执
dredge/mediate between two parties
疏落 稀疏零落:～的晨星sparse/scatted
疏理unclog and readjust (channels for commodities)
劝-64434-巴基斯坦人学汉语Chinese-English dictionary
劝-64434-巴基斯坦人学汉语Chinese-English dictionary
quàn ①讲明事理,使人听从advise/urge/try to persuade:规～admonish/advise丨～
导try to persuade/advise/induce丨～解help sb. to get over his worries,etc./make
peace between～他不要吸烟advise him not
to smoke②勉励encourage:～勉advise and encourage
劝驾 旧指劝人出去担任职务或做客try to reconcile parties to a quarrel/try to stop
people from fighting each other/mediate
劝退persuade sb. to resign
双-66434-巴基斯坦人学汉语Chinese-English dictionary
双-66434-巴基斯坦人学汉语Chinese-English dictionary shuāng ①两个;一对two/twin/both/dual:～飞the two fly together丨粮棉～丰收a bumper harvest of both grain and cotton②量词classifier用于成对的东西used in the pairs of things:买～手套buy a pair of gloves③偶数的(跟‘单’相对)even (the opposite meaning of `singular'):～号even numbers (of tickets,seats,etc)④加倍的double/twofold:～料of reinforced material/extra quality丨～酥two-layer shortbread 双边 两个方面的bilateral:～会议bilateral talks 双关 一句话含两种意义having a double meaning 双簧 ①曲艺的一种,一个表演动作,一人藏在后面或说或唱,互相配合a two-man act, with one speaking or singing while hiding behind the other who does the acting ②比喻双方串通,一方出面,一方背后策划act in collusion with one appearing personally while the other plotting behind the scence 双管齐下 本指画画时两枝笔同时并用,后比喻两方面同时进行write with both hands simultaneously-doing two things at the same time/work along both lives/be used at one and the same time/run in two tiers/a pincerdrive with/double-barreled 双卡double cassette│双料double material/with double quality │双抡double rush │双突double crash (cadre) │双肩挑carrying burdens on both shoulders │双面卡double-faced khaki │双职工two-job employees │双百方针double hundred guiding principle │双重领导under double leadership/dual leadership │双拥运动double support movement (It refers to the followings:Support the army and give preferential treatment to their dependents, 拥军优属;Support the government and cherish the people拥政爱民 │双语词典bilingual dictionary