新能源汽车外文文献翻译

文献出处：Moriarty P, Honnery D. The prospects for global green car mobility[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2008, 16(16): 1717-1726.

原文

The prospects for global green car mobility

Patrick Moriarty, Damon Honnery

Abstract

The quest for green car mobility faces two major challenges: air pollution from exhaust emissions and global climate change from greenhouse gas emissions. Vehicle air pollution emissions are being successfully tackled in many countries by technical solutions such as low-sulphur fuels, unleaded petrol and three-way catalytic converters. Many researchers advocate a similar approach for overcoming transport's climate change impacts. This study argues that finding a technical solution for this problem is not possible. Instead, the world will have to move to an alternative surface transport system involving far lower levels of motorised travel.

Keywords：Green mobility; Fuel efficiency; Alternative fuels; Global climate change; air pollution

1. Introduction

Provision of environmentally sustainable (or green) private transport throughout the world faces two main challenges. The first is urban and even regional air pollution, particularly in the rapidly growing cities of the industrialising world. The second is global climate change, caused mainly by rising concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere. These two barriers to green car mobility differ in several important ways. First, road traffic air pollution problems are more localised, because of the short atmospheric lifetimes of most vehicle pollutants and . Thus regional solutions are often not only possible, but also essential – Australian cities, for example, can (and must) solve their air pollution problems themselves. Matters are very different for global climate change. Except possibly for geo-engineering measures

such as placing large quantities of sulphate aerosols in the lower stratosphere or erecting huge reflecting mirrors in space, one country cannot solve this problem alone. Climate change is a global problem. Nevertheless, it is possible for some countries to ‘freeload’ if the majority of nations that are important GHG emitter。

Second, there is agreement that air pollution, especially in urban areas, is potentially a serious health hazard, and that road transport can contribute greatly to urban pollutant level. For these reasons, governments in many countries are already taking effective action on air pollution. But until recently, climate change was not recognized as a major problem by some key policy makers, and all countries have yet to take effective action on reducing emissions.

Third, vehicular air pollutant problems, at least in the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, are already showing themselves amenable to various technical solutions, such as low-sulphur fuels, unleaded petrol, and three-way catalytic converters. Some researchers have argued explicitly that global transport emissions can be reduced to very low levels with a combination of two key technical solutions –large improvements in vehicle fuel efficiency and a switch to alternative transport fuels, such as liquid biofuels and hydrogen derived from renewable energy. A much larger group implicitly support this position by projecting large future increases in car numbers and travel and even a globally interconnected highway system.

Further, governments throughout the world have endorsed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (which came into effect in 1994), but at the same time are expanding their road networks, encouraging their car industry, and planning for future car traffic expansion. Overall, the majority of both researchers and policy makers appear to consider that climate change poses no threat to global car mobility. Nevertheless, other researchers argue in general that technology cannot solve the serious environment/resource problems the world faces global warming in particular. Also, the authors themselves have earlier questioned whether the current global transport system can continue on its present course. This paper attempts to resolve these competing claims.