【资格考试】2019最新整理-考研英语模拟试题1(一)

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考研英语模拟测试题及答案

考研英语模拟测试题及答案Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on Answer Sheet 1.(10 points)Generally speaking, a British is widely regarded as a quiet, shy and conservative person who is 1 only among those with whom he is acquainted. When a stranger is at present, he often seems nervous, 2 embarrassed. You have to take a commuter train any morning or evening to 3 the truth of this. Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dozing in a corner. Hardly anybody talks, since to do so would be considered quite offensive.4 , there is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior which,5 broken, makes the offender immediately the object of6 .It has been known as a fact that the British has a 7 for the discussion of their weather and that, if given a chance, he will talk about it 8 . Some people argue that it is because the British weather seldom 9 forecast and hence becomes a source of interest and 10 to everyone. This may be so. 11 a British cannot have much 12 in the weathermen, who, after promising fine, sunny weather for the following day, are often proved wrong 13 a cloud over the Atlantic brings rainy weather to all districts! The man in the street seems to be as accurate-or as inaccurate-as the weathermen in his 14 .Foreigners may be surprised at the number of references 15 weather that the British make to each other in the course of asingle day. Very often conversational greetings are 16 by comments on the weather. "Nice day, isn't it?" "Beautiful!" may well be heard instead of "Good morning, how are you?" 17 the foreigner may consider this exaggerated and comic, it is worthwhile pointing out that it could be used to his advantage.18 he wants to start a conversation with a British but is 19 to know where to begin, he could do well to mention the state of the weather. It is a safe subject which will 20 an answer from even the most reserved of the British.1. [A] relaxed [B] frustrated [C] amused [D] exhausted2. [A] yet [B] otherwise [C] even [D] so3. [A] experience [B] witness [C] watch [D] undergo4. [A] Deliberately [B] Consequently [C] Frequently [D] Apparently5. [A] unless [B] once [C] while [D] as6. [A] suspicion [B] opposition [C] criticism [D] praise7. [A] emotion [B] fancy [C] likeliness [D] judgment8. [A] at length [B] to a great extent [C] from his heart [D] by all means9. [A] follows [B] predicts [C] defies [D] supports10. [A] dedication [B] compassion [C] contemplation [D] speculation11. [A] Still [B] Also [C] Certainly [D] Fundamentally12. [A] faith [B] reliance [C] honor [D] credit13. [A] if [B] once [C] when [D] whereas14. [A] propositions [B] predictions [C] approval [D] defiance15. [A] about [B] on [C] in [D] to16. [A] started [B] conducted [C] replaced [D] proposed17. [A] Since [B] Although [C] However [D] Only if18. [A] Even if [B] Because [C] If [D] For19. [A] at a loss [B] at last [C] in groups [D] on the occasion20. [A] stimulate [B] constitute [C] furnish [D] provokeSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet 1. (40 points)Text 1Readers of our Christmas issue were invited to nominate the wisest fool of the past 50 years. They responded magnificently, though often predictably. But this was not a popularity contest, or an unpopularity one. Except Jack Kennedy, every eligible president of the United States was nominated, along with every important political leader of the rest of the world. Alan Greenspan was a popular choice, but surprisingly few businessmen were proposed. Donald Trump, Kenneth Lay, Steve Jobs, Sir Richard Branson and Lord Conrad Black were those most often mentioned. Even fewer women were nominated, though Diana, Princess of Wales, was a strong contender.Piers Allen of Malta nominated Ronald Reagan, explaining, "A joke-cracking, afternoon-napping, intellectual lightweight whose memory could, in times of crisis, always be relied upon, but only to fail. Although foolish enough to announce, live on radio, that he would be bombing Russia in five minutes and take advice from his wife's astrologer (占星家), he was also wise enough to have survived union leadership and two terms as governor of California to reach the presidency of the United States and end the cold war favourably for the West. Any other wise fools making it to the White House will be hard pressed tofill his cowboy boots. "Richard Spencer (address not supplied) chose Yasser Arafat, whose foolishness was in "never missing an opportunity to miss an opportunity". "While appearing to his people as a strong leader who could stand up to the Israelis, Arafat was unable to (or simply chose not to) seize the historical moment and forge a compromise solution that would benefit the lot of the Palestinians. Had he been wise enough to make a deal with Israel when the going was good, he likely would have been buried as a bona fide (真正的) world leader in a sovereign state of Palestine. "Denis Papathanasiou of Hoboken, New Jersey, nominated Lawrence Peter "Yogi" Berra, baseball player for the New York Yankees (1946-63). "Mr Berra hardly qualifies as an intellectual: he is famous for such remarks as 'You don't look so hot yourself' (in response to a comment that he looked cool in his summer suit), 'What? You mean right now? (when asked for the time of day), and 'I take a two-hour nap, from one o'clock to four. ' On second glance, however, his utterances depict a certain honest Zen-like(类似禅宗) wisdom: If you don't know where you're going, you'll wind up somewhere else? It was hard to have a conversation with anyone-there were so many people talking. Those qualities have inspired a miniature popular cult (崇拜) of books and seminars. Not bad for a humble baseball player of modest education. "Mr Papathanasiou takes first prize.21. Dennis Papathasiou's comment suggests .[A] Lawrence Berra is no doubt a confused character.[B] It is hard to have a conversation with Lawrence Berra.[C] It is wrong to underestimate a person of modesteducation.[D] The baseball player is philosophical about life.22. What is NOT true of Ronald Reagan?[A] He was a trade union leader before assuming the governorship of California.[B] He threatened to bomb the Soviet Union on the advise of an astrologer.[C] He projected an image of tough guy when he was the U.S. president.[D] His memory could only be relied on in times of crisis.23. The possible reason to drop the U.S. presidents from the contest is that .[A] The magazine deliberately disregarded popularity in the contest[B] most of the readers endorsed Dennis Papathanasiou's choice[C] The editors decided that they were not strong contenders[D] The purpose of the contest was to outwit the readers24. Richard Spencer's comment implies that the Palestinian leader .[A] should have declared the formation of a Palestinian state[B] failed to identify a historical opportunity when it arose[C] failed to live up to his image as a strong leader[D] should have been flexible in his approach to dealing with the Israelis25. The word "humble" (Line 9, Para. 4) denotes .[A] self-importance in bearing [B] modesty in behavior[C] a free of care character [D] easy-goingness in manners。

2019考研英语辅导模拟卷【1-5】

【导语】成功根本没有秘诀可⾔，如果有的话，就有两个：第⼀个就是坚持到底，永不⾔弃；第⼆个就是当你想放弃的时候，回过头来看看第⼀个秘诀，坚持到底，永不⾔弃，祝⼤家跟着成功的步伐，努⼒备考，考⼊理想院校。

以下是⽆忧考为⼤家整理的《2019考研英语辅导模拟卷【1-5】》供您查阅。

【第⼀篇】The success of Augustus owed much to the character of Roman theorizing about the state. The Romans did not produce ambitious blueprints1 the construction of idea__l__ states，such as__2__ to the Greeks. With very few exceptions，Roman theorists ignored，or rejected__3__ valueless，intellectual exercises like Plato‘s Republic，in__4__ the relationship of the individual to the state was__5__ out painstakingly without reference to__6__ states or individuals. The closest the Roman came to the Greek model was Cicero’s De Re Publica，and even here Cicero had Rome clearly in __7__. Roman thought about the state was concrete，even when it__8__ religious and moral concepts. The first ruler ofRome，Romulus，was__9__ to have received authority from the gods，specifically from Jupiter，the“guarantor”of Rome. All constitutional__10__was a method of conferring and administering the__11__. Very clearly it was believed that only the assembly of the__12__，the family heads who formed the original senate，__13__the religious character necessary to exercise authority，because its original function was to__14__the gods. Being practical as well as exclusive，the senators moved__15__to divide the authority，holding that their consuls，or chief officials，would possess it on__16__months，and later extending its possession to lower officials.__17__the important achievement was to create the idea ofcontinuing__18__authority embodied only temporarily in certain upper-class individuals and conferred only__19__the mass of the people concurred. The system grew with enormous __20__，as new offices and assemblies were created and almost none discarded. 1.[A] with [B] for [C] in [D] to 2. [A] tempted [B] attracted [C] appealed [D] transferred 3. [A] on [B] for [C] as [D] about 4. [A] which [B] that [C] what [D] it 5. [A] turned [B] worked [C] brought [D] made 6. [A] special [B] specific [C] peculiar [D] particular 7. [A] existence [B] store [C] reality [D] mind 8. [A] abandoned [B] caught [C] separated [D] involved 9. [A] told [B] held [C] suggested [D] advised 10. [A] tendency [B] procedure [C] development [D] relation 11. [A] authority [B] power [C] control [D] ruling 12. [A] officers [B] men [C] administrators [D] fathers 13. [A] possessed [B] claimed [C] assured [D] enforced 14. [A] confirm [B] confer [C] consult [D] consider 15. [A] over [B] along [C] on [D] about 16. [A] alternate [B] different [C] varied [D] several 17. [A] And [B] So [C] Or [D] But 18. [A] state [B] country [C] people [D] national 19. [A] as [B] when [C] if [D] so 20. [A] dimension [B] complexity [C] exercise [D] function 答案1. B2. C3. C4. A5. B6. D7.D8.D9. B 10. C 11. A 12. D 13.A 14.C 15. C 16. A 17. D 18. A 19. B 20. B 总体分析本⽂介绍了罗马⼈有关国家建设的理论。

【资格考试】2019最新整理-考研英语模拟题-第一部分

——参考范本——【资格考试】2019最新整理-考研英语模拟题-第一部分______年______月______日____________________部门Section I Use of EnglishPart ADirections: Read the following text. Choose the bestword(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)The basic function of money is the enable buying to be separated from selling, thus permitting trade to take place without the so�瞔alled double coincidence of barter. If a person has something to sell and wants something else 1 return, it is not necessary to search for someone able and2to make the desired exchange of items. The person can sellthe 3 item for general purchasing power—that is, “money”—to anyone who wants to buy it and then use the proceeds tobuy the desired item from anyone who wants to sell it.The importance of this function of money is 4 illustrated by the experience of Germany just after World War Ⅱ, 5 pa per money was 6 largely useless because, despite inflationary conditions, price controls were effectively 7 by the American, French, and British armies of occupation. People had to8 to barter or to inefficient money substitutes. The result was to cut total output of the economy in half. The German “economic miracle” just after 1948 reflected partly a currency reform by the occupation authorities, 9 someeconomists hold that it stemmed primarily from the German government’s 10 of all price controls, 11 permi tting a money economy to 12 a barter economy.13 of the act of sale from the act of purchase 14 the existence of something that will be generally accepted in payment—this is the “15 of exchange” function of money. But there must also be something that can serve as a 16 abode of purchasing power, in which the seller holds the proceedsin the interim 17 the first sale and the 18 purchase, or from which the buyer can 19the general purchasing power with which to pay 20 what is bought. This is the “asset” functi on of money.1. ［A］ on［B］ in［C］by［D］ for2. ［A］ capable［B］likely［C］desirable［D］ willing3. ［A］ excess ［B］ extra［C］surplus［D］ ample4. ［A］ dramatically［B］ urgently［C］ faithfully［D］incidentally5. ［A］ when［B］ before［C］ since［D］ until6. ［A］ developed［B］ reserved［C］ rendered［D］imagined7. ［A］ encouraged［B］ enlarged［C］endured［D］enforced8. ［A］ conform［B］ resort［C］ commit［D］ gear9. ［A］ and［B］but［C］ therefore［D］ however。

考研英语模拟试题1及答案

考研英语模拟试题一及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 ."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that's usually 14 with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty."Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone" 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1．[A] Unlike [B] Besides[C] Despite [D] Throughout2．[A] connected [B] restricted[C] equal [D] inferior3．[A] choice [B] view[C] lesson [D] host4．[A] recall [B] forget[C] avoid [D] keep5．[A] collecting [B] involving[C] guiding [D] affecting6．[A] of [B] in[C] at [D] on7．[A] devoted [B] exposed[C] lost [D] attracted8．[A] across [B] along[C] down [D] out9．[A] calculated [B] denied[C] doubted [D] imagined10．[A] served [B] required[C] restored [D] explained11．[A] Even [B] Still[C] Rather [D] Thus12．[A] defeats [B] symptoms[C] tests [D] errors13．[A] minimized [B] highlighted[C] controlled [D] increased14．[A] equipped [B] associated[C] presented [D] compared15．[A] assess [B] moderate[C] generate [D] record16．[A] in the face of [B] in the form of[C] in the way of [D] in the name of17．[A] transfer [B] commit[C] attribute [D] return18．[A] because [B] unless[C] though [D] until19．[A] emerges [B] vanishes[C] remains [D] decreases20．[A] experiences [B] combines[C] justifies [D]influencesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours , now three hours-this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---both fake and real-past airport security nearly every time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago's O'Hare International .It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become-but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is thatairports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. the crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to[A] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[B] highlight the necessity of upgrading major US airports.[C] explain Americans' tolerance of current security checks.[D] emphasis the importance of privacy protection.22. which of the following contributions to long waits at major airport?[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.[C] An increase in the number of travelers.[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.23.The word "expedited" (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to[A] faster.[B] quieter.[C] wider.[D] cheaper.24. One problem with the PreCheck program is[A] A dramatic reduction of its scale.[B] Its wrongly-directed implementation.[C] The government's reluctance to back it.[D] An unreasonable price for enrollment.25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Less Screening for More Safety[B] PreCheck-a Belated Solution[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines[D] Underused PreCheck LanesText 2"The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers," wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island's inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMTsite was chosen to minimize the telescope's visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalani's remark in Paragraph 1 indicates[A] its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of star watchers' feats in her time.27.Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to[A] its geographical features[B] its protective surroundings.[C] its religious implications.[D] its existing infrastructure.28.The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today's astronomy[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians' hostility.30.The author's attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of[A] severe criticism.[B] passive acceptance.[C] slight hesitancy.[D] full approval.Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures "everything except that which makes life worthwhile." With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK's GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country's economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges , there are a number of consistent themes . Yes , there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash , but in key indicators in areas such as health and education , major economies have continued to decline . Yet this isn't the case with all countries . Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society , income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn : When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country's success, the world looks very different .So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations , as a measure , it is no longer enough . It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes - all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth . But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress .31.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness .[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP .[D]had a low opinion of GDP .32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern .[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK .[C]the UK will contribute less to the world economy .[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP .33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study ?[A]It is sponsored by 163 countries .[B]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[C]Its criteria are questionable .[D]Its results are enlightening .34.In the last two paragraphs , the author suggests that[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom .[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline .[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP .[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues .35.Which of the following is the best title for the text ?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK Lesson[B]GDP Figures, a Window on Global Economic Health[C]Rebort F.Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit, the UK's Gateway to Well-beingText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court's decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell's trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his "official acts," or the former governor's decisions on "specific" and "unsettled" issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is "distasteful" and "nasty." But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an "official act".The court's ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery." The basic compact underlying representative government," wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court," assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns."But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader's source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society-that all are equal in treatment by government-is undermined. Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court's ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36. The undermined sentence (Para.1) most probably shows that the court[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell's duties.[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell's conduct.[D] refused to comment on McDonnell's ethics.37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A] leaking secrets intentionally.[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.[D] breaking contracts officially.38. The court's ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official access.[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D] inspire hopes in average people.40. The author's attitude toward the court's ruling is[A] sarcastic.[B] tolerant.[C] skeptical.[D] supportivePart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered box. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]The first published sketch, "A Dinner at Poplar Walk" brought tears to Dickens's eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches ,which appeared under the pen name "Boz" in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens's fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the ten-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour's pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form in 1837.[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer. Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father's release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter's eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England's southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office -a respectable position, but wish little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dicken's mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken's birth, his mother's father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family's increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren's Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as "the young gentleman." His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father's imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dicken's greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, e traces an orphan's progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dichens' as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.D →41. →42. →43. →44. →B →45.【答案】41. [F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth42. [E] Soon after his father's release from prison43. [A]The first published sketch44. [C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared45. [G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker worldPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.【答案】(46) 但是即使当下英语使用者的人群还在进一步扩大，有迹象表明：在可预见的未来，英语可能会逐渐失去其全球主导地位。

2019年全国硕士研究生考试英语(一)考前全真模拟卷

2019年全国硕士研究生考试英语(一)考前全真模拟卷2019年全国硕士研究生考试英语(一)全真模拟卷1Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Music includes a lot of repetition. What would your favorite song be without a chorus? But the connection runs even deeper than that because the 1 act of repeating something can 2 that thing melodious—3 the sound of a shovel being dragged 4 the pavement.A few years back, psychologists at the University of California, San Diego, 5 that when words or phrases are 6 a few times, they can start to sound more like singing than speaking. The sounds as they appear to you are not only different from those that are really present, 7 they sometimes behave so strangely as to seem quite 8 .Talking and singing are both forms of 9 communication. But researchers got to wondering: could repetition 10 musicalize other types of sounds? So they 11 clips of 20 different environmental sounds including water dripping, ice cracking and the shovel. And they played the 12 to 58 undergraduates first, as single sounds and then in a series with increasing repetition. 13 they found is that as the repeats stacked up the participants 14 the sounds as being more tuneful. The conclusion: Repetition’s power to musicalize seems to extend 15 a broader variety of sounds than just speech.These 16 transformations are powerful because nothing changes in the acoustic signal itself. That is held fixed. Everything that sounds different comes from the mind itself, making these illusions 17 useful for understanding the musical 18 of listening. What are we doing when we’re hearing something musically? How is this different from other kinds of hearing? These 19 allow us to tackle these kinds of questions 20 .1. [A] equal [B] proper [C] very [D] typical2. [A] present [B] render [C] convey [D] justify3. [A] hence [B] only [C] so [D] even4. [A] across [B] through [C] on [D] beyond5. [A] questioned [B] disclosed [C] discovered [D] preached6. [A] repeated [B] chanted [C] mentioned [D] stated7. [A] yet [B] but [C] unless [D] though8. [A] intelligent [B] negligible [C] identifiable [D] impossible9. [A] cognitive [B] vocal [C] phonetic [D] spiritual10. [A] hence [B] still [C] instead [D] also11. [A] collected [B] assembled [C] maintained [D] integrated12. [A] images [B] segments [C] videos [D] tunes13. [A] How [B] Whether [C] What [D] That14. [A] rated [B] assessed [C] regarded [D] reacted15. [A] in [B] with [C] to [D] out16. [A] incredible [B] perceptual [C] conscious [D] reliable17. [A] barely [B] incidentally [C] generally [D] particularly18. [A] system [B] fashion [C] structure [D] mode19. [A] problems [B] exchanges [C] transitions [D] transactions20. [A] better still [B] by accident [C] as usual [D] so far。

考研《英语(一)》模拟试卷(一)

考研《英语（一）》模拟试卷（一）一、完形填空（Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and markA,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)）1【共享题干题】Even plans can run a fever，especially when they are under attack by insects or disease.But 1______ humans，plants can have their temperature 2______ from 3000 feet away-straight up.A decade ago，3______ the infrared scanning technology developed for military purpose and other satellites，physicist Stephen Paley 4______ a quick way to take the temperature of crops to 5______ which ones are under stress.The goal was to let farmers 6______ target pesticide spraying 7______ rain poison on a whole field，which 8______ include plants that don"t have the pest problem.Even better，Paley"s Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problem before they became 9______ to the eye.10______ on a plane flown at 3，000 feet at night，an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops.The data were 11______ into a color-coded map showing 12______ plants wer e running“fevers”.Farmers could then spot spray，using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they 13______ would.The bad news is that Paley"s company closed down in 1984，after only three years.Farmers 14______the new technology and long-term backers were hard to 15______.But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce，and refinements in infrared scanning，Paley hopes to16______ into operation.Agriculture experts have no doubt about the technology works.“This technique can be 17______ to 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States，”says George Oerther of Texas A&M.Ray Jackson，who recently retired from the Department of Agriculture，thinks 18______ infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade.But 19______ Paley finds the financial backing which he failed to 20______ 10 years ago.1.1【单选题】But 1______ humansA.aboveB.excludeC.besidesD.unlike参考答案：D参考解析：此题属于语意理解题。

考研英语（一）模拟试题一

考研英语（⼀）模拟试题⼀考研英语（⼀）模拟试题⼀Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Black death that drove Newton from his college and into a momentous discovery, 1 England in 1665. Astronomical records of the time show that 2 was a year of intense sunspot activity, and studies of annual tree 3 , which are wider when the sun is disturbed, 4 that the terrible plague of 1348 was 5 accompanied by an active sun.This sounds incredible, 6 we now have evidence that the sun has a direct effect on some of our body 7 . Over 120 000 tests were made on people in a Black Sea 8 to measure the number of lymphocytes in their blood. These small cells normally 9 between 20 and 25 percent of man's white blood cells, but in years of great solar activity this 10 decreases. There was a big drop during the sunspot years of 1986 and 1987, and number of people 11 from diseases caused by a lymphocyte deficiency 12 doubled during the tremendous solar explosion of February 1986.Many of the body's 13 seem to be influenced by sun-induced changes in the earth's magnetic 14 . If this is so, one 15 to find that the nervous system, which depends on electrical stimuli, would be the most 16 . A study of 5 580 coal-mine accidents 17 the Ruhr river shows that most occurred on the day following solar activity. Studies of traffic accidents in Russia and in Germany show that these increase, by as much as four 18 the average, on days after the 19 of a solar flare. This suggests that accidents may be 20 a disturbance deeper than a simple decrease in reaction time. These results make it clear that man in, among other things,a remarkably sensitive living sundial.1. [A] blanketed [B] swept [C] covered [D] spread2. [A] this [B] such [C] so [D] either3. [A] rings [B] cycles [C] circles [D] rounds4. [A] survey [B] reveal [C] predict [D] release5. [A] still [B] even [C] then [D] also6. [A] but [B] because [C] unless [D] when7. [A] chemistry [B] construction [C] physiology [D] constitution8. [A] retreat [B] reserve [C] resort [D] refuge9. [A] put in [B] take over [C] make up [D] set off10. [A] number [B] figure [C] share [D] proportion11. [A] suffered [B] suffer [C] suffering [D] to suffer12. [A] unexpectedly [B] actually [C] disappointedly [D] practically13. [A] performances [B] operations [C] functions [D] workings14. [A] environment [B] field [C] layer [D] shell15. [A] would expect [B] expects [C] expect [D] expected16. [A] affected [B] respected [C] protected [D] connected17. [A] beside [B] at [C] by [D] on18. [A] times above [B] time [C] times in [D]times19. [A] formation [B] explosion [C] eruption [D]propulsion20. [A] due to [B] apt for [C] all but [D] prior toSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Over the last decade, demand for the most common cosmetic surgery procedures, like breast enlargements and nose jobs, has increased by more than 400 percent. According to Dr. Dai Davies, of the Plastic Surgery Partnership in Hammersmith, the majority of cosmetic surgery patients are not chasing physical perfection. Rather, they are driven to fantastic lengths to improve their appearance by a desire to look normal. "What we all crave is to look normal, and normal is what is prescribed by the advertising media and other external pressures. They give us look like that.In America, the debate is no longer about whether surgery is normal; rather, it centers on what age people should be before going under the knife. New York surgeon Dr. Gerard Imber recommends "maintenance" work for people in their thirties. "The idea of waiting until one needs a heroic transformation is silly," he says. "By then, you've wasted 20 great years of your life and allowed things to get out of hand." Dr. Imber draws the line at operating on people who are under 18, however, "It seems that someone we don't consider old enough to order a drink shouldn't be considering plastic surgery."In the UK cosmetic surgery has long been seen as the exclusive domain of the very rich and famous. But the proportionate cost of treatment has fallen substantially, bringing all but the most advanced laser technology within the reach of most people. Dr. Davies, who claims to "cater for the average person", agrees. He says: "I treat a few of the rich and famous and an awful lot of secretaries. Of course, ￡3, 000 for an operation is a lot of money. But it is also an investment for life which costs about half the price of a good family holiday."Dr. Davies suspects that the increasing sophistication of the fat injecting and removal techniques that allow patients to be treated with a local anaesthetic in an afternoon has also helped promote the popularity of cosmetic surgery. Yet, as one woman who recently paid ￡2,500for liposuction to remove fat from her thighs admitted, the slope to becoming a cosmetic surgery Veteran is a deceptively gentle one. "I had my legs done because they'd been bugging me for years. But going into the clinic was so low key and effective it whetted my appetite. Now I don't think there's any operation that I would rule out having if I could afford it."21. According to the text, the reason for cosmetic surgery is to[A] be physically healthy.[B] look more normal.[C] satisfy appetite.[D] be accepted by media.22. According to the third paragraph, Dr. Davies implies that[A] cosmetic surgery, though costly, is worth having.[B] cosmetic surgery is too expensive.[C] cosmetic surgery is necessary even for the average person.[D] cosmetic surgery is mainly for the rich and famous.23. The statement "draws the line at operating on people" (para. 2) is closest in meaning to[A] removing wrinkles from the face.[B] helping people make up.[C] enjoying operating.[D] refusing to operate.24. It can be inferred from the text that[A] it is wise to have cosmetic surgery under 18.[B] cosmetic surgery is now much easier.[C] people tend to abuse cosmetic surgery.[D] the earlier people have cosmetic surgery, the better they will be.25. The text is mainly about[A] the advantage of having cosmetic surgery.[B] what kind of people should have cosmetic surgery.[C] the reason why cosmetic surgery is so popular.[D] the disadvantage of having cosmetic surgery.Text 2In nature as in culture, diversity can be a difficult concept. Understanding it is one thing, accepting it another, especially when diversity means not only acknowledging a pre-existing mixture of difference--the very ampleness of the world--but also accommodating an adjustment to the existing state of things. A case in point is the reintroduction of gray wolves in Yellowstone national Park. Thirty-three wolves were released in 1995, and their number has now reached 97. Population expansion is one measure of the wolf program's success, but a better one is the wolves' impact on the natural diversity of the park.Typically, a pack of the Yellowstone wolves kills a big deer very few days. But over the remains the wolves abandon, a wonderful new diversity has emerged. Since their arrival, wolves have killed many of the park's coyotes (丛林郎), a smaller kind of wolf. The reduction in coyotes has caused an increase in rodents such as mice, rabbits and squirrels, which also benefits a wide range of predators. Even the coyotes that live at the margins of wolf country have prospered, thanks to the leftovers the wolves leave behind. So do grizzly bears, which feed on wolf-kilted deer before beginning hibernation or winter sleep.What has interested scientists is the swiftness, the dynamism, of this shift in diversity. There has been, however, no matching dynamism in the opinion of humans who oppose the wolf reintroduction. That was made plain by a Federal district judge's recent order to "remove" the wolves, the result or a legal process that is the offspring of inflexibility. Several livestock groups, including the Wyoming Farm Bureau, had filed a suit that urged, in slightly cleverer terms, the old proposition, no wolves, no problems. Several environmental groups had flied a separate lawsuit--unconnected to the Yellowstone wolves--protesting the dropping of legal protection forwolves that were recolonizing Idaho. The two suits were unfortunately merged.Though Judge William Downes stayed his own decision, pending appeal, his judgment is a sad encouragement to the mistaken defensiveness of most ranchers or cattle farmers. It is also a misunderstanding of the purpose of the environmentalists' suit. His decision needs to be swiftly and decisively overturned on appeal. It is no exaggeration to say that since the return of the wolves, Yellowstone has witnessed an economy of diversity from which human culture--including the culture of ranching---can directly profit, if only it chooses to do so.26. Since the arrival of 33 wolves in the Yellowstone National Park,[A] a dynamic biological chain has started to function[B] animals kept in the park have had enough food[C] some animals that are not wanted have been vanishing[D] the attraction of the park is greatly increased27. The author thinks it unfortunate that the judge should[A] make efforts to accept suits with regard to old issues.[B] make use of legal means to protect his own interests.[C] mix up two irrelevant suits and make wolves the victims.[D] support the protest against canceling legal protections for wolves.28. The author believes that Judge William Downes was obviously on the side of[A] the Yellowstone Park[B] livestock groups[C] environmental groups[D] federal laws29. Commenting on the Yellowstone Park wolf program, the author[A] urges the district judge to reverse his recent order.[B] criticizes the attitude of environmental groups.[C] calls on the people to protect wolves everywhere[D] speaks for the interests of most cattle farmers.30. According to the author, the protection of wolves will[A] bring about an economic boom to the surrounding farms and ranches[B] cause bigger losses of livestock to the Park's neighboring farms[C] lead to a number of controversies in the society[D] prove to be beneficial to all parties concernedText 3Vinton Cerf, known as the father of the Internet, said on Wednesday that the Web was outgrowing the planet Earth and the time had come to take the information superhighway to outer space."The Internet is growing quickly, and we still have a lot of work to do to cover the planet," Cerf told the first day of the annual conference of the Internet Society in Geneva where more than 1,500 cyberspace fans have gathered to seek answers to questions about the tangled web of the Internet.Cerf believed that it would soon be possible to send real-time science data on the Internet from a space mission orbiting another planet such as Mars. "There is now an effort under way to design and build an interplanetary Internet. The space research community is coming closer and closer andmerging. We think that we will see interplanetary Internet networks that look very much like the ones we use today. We will need interplanetary gateways and there will be protocols to transmit data between these gateways," Cerf said.Francois Fluckiger, a scientist attending the conference from the European Particle Physics Laboratory near Geneva, was not entirely convinced, saying: "We need dreams like this. But I don't know any Martian whom I'd like to communicate with through the Internet."Cerf has been working with NASA's Pasadena Jet Propulsion Laboratory--the people behind the recent Mars expedition--to design what he calls an "interplanetary Internet protocol." He believes that astronauts will want to use the Internet, although special problems remain with interference and delay."This is quite real. The effort is becoming extraordinarily concrete over the next few months because the next Mars mission is in planning stages now," Cerf told the conference."If we use domain names like Earth or Mars...jet propulsion laboratory people would be coming together with people from the Internet community." He added."The idea is to take the interplanetary Internet design and make it a part of the infrastructure of the Mars mission."He later told a news conference that designing this system now would prepare mankind for future technological advances. "The whole idea is to create an architecture so the design woks anywhere. I don't know where we're going to have to put it but my guess is that we'll be going out there some time," Cerf said."If you think 100 years from now, it is entirely possible that what will be purely research 50 years from now will become commercial 100 years from now. The Internet was the same-----it started as pure research but now it is commercialized."31. Which of the following is the main point of the text?[A] The development of the internet.[B] The possibility of space research.[C] Universal information superhighway.[D] The technological advances of Mars mission.32. From the text, we learn that Vinton Cerf is[A] seeking answers to questions about the internet web.[B] working on interplanetary internet with collaborations of NASA.[C] trying to commercialize the interplanetary internet.[D] exploring the possibility of establishing internet network on Mars.33. We know from the text that Mars mission is[A] one of NASA's internet projects:[B] an expedition to Mars.[C] the infrastructure of the interplanetary internet.[D] to create an architecture on Mars..34. According to Cerf, the purpose to design interplanetary internet is to[A] send real-time science data.[B] communicate with astronauts.[C] lay foundation for future technological advances.[D] commercialize it.35. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A] the dream to build interplanetary internet can be fulfilled in the future.[B] interplanetary internet will commercialized in 100 years.[C] the research of internet took 50 years.[D] it will take a long time to build interplanetary internet.Text 4Material culture refers to the touchable, material "things"--Physical objects that can be seen, held, felt, used--that a culture produces. Examining a culture's tools and technology can tell us about the group's history and way of life. Similarly, research into the material culture of music can help us to understand the music-culture. The most vivid body of "thing" in it, of course, are musical instruments. We cannot hear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when the phonograph was invented, so we rely on instruments for important information about music-cultures in the remote past and their development. Here we have two kinds of evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictured in art. Through the study of instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments on the symphony orchestra.Sheet music or printed music, too, is material culture. Scholars once defined folk music-cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print, but research shows mutual influence among oral and written sources during the past few centuries in Europe, Britain and America. Printed versions limit variety because they tend to standardize any song, yet they stimulate people to create new and different songs. Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on musicians and, when it becomes widespread, on the music-culture as a whole.Music is deep-rooted in the cultural background that fosters it. We now pay more and more attention to traditional or ethnic features in folk music and are willing to preserve the fold music as we do with many traditional cultural heritage. Musicians all over the world are busy with recording classic music in their country for the sake of their unique culture. As always, people's aspiration will always focus on their individuality rather than universal features that are shared by all cultures alike.One more important part of music's material culture should be singled out: the influence of the electronic media--radio, record player, tape recorder, and television, with the future promising talking and singing computers and other developments. This is all part of the "information-revolution", a twentieth-century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution in the nineteenth. These electronic media are not just limited to modem nations; they have affected music cultures all over the globe.36. Which of the following does not belong to material culture?[A] Instruments.[B] Music.[C] Paintings. [D]Sheet music.37. The word "phonograph" (line 6, Paragraph 1) most probably means[A] record player.[BI radio.[C] musical technique.[D] music culture.38. The main idea of the first paragraph is[A] the importance of cultural tools and technology.[B] the cultural influence of the development of civilization.[C] the focus of the study of the material culture of music.[D] the significance of the research into the musical instruments.39. Which of the following is not an advantage of printed music?[A] Reading of music notation has a great impact on musicians.[B] People may draw inspiration from it.[C] the music culture will be influenced by it in the end.[D] Songs tend to be standardized by it.40. From the third paragraph, we may infer that[A] traditional cultural heritage is worthy of preservation.[B] the universal features shared by all cultures aren't worthy of notice.[C]musicians pay more attention to the preservation of traditional music[D] the more developed a culture, the more valuable the music it has fostered.Part BDirections: In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41--45, choose the most suitable one from the list A--G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices that do not fit in any of the gaps: Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)HUMANS like to regard themselves as exceptional. Other animals do not have complex, syntactical languages. Nor do most of them appear to enjoy the same level of consciousness that people do. And many philosophers believe humans are theonly species which understands that others have their own personal thoughts. That understanding is known in the trade as having a "theory of mind", and it is considered the gateway to such cherished human qualities as empathy and deception. 41)In the Proceedings of the Royal Society, Bernd Heinrich and Thomas Bugnyar of the University of Vermont, in Burlington, describe a series of experiments they have carried out on ravens. They wanted to see how these birds, which are known to be (at least by avian standards) both clever and sociable, would respond to human gaze.42)To test whether ravens could follow gaze, Dr Heinrich and Dr Bugnyar used six six-month-old hand-reared ravens, and one four-year-old. The birds were sat, one at a time, on a perch on one side of a room divided by a barrier. An experimenter sat about a metre in front of the barrier. The experimenter moved his head and eyes in a particular direction and gazed for 30 seconds before looking away. Sometimes he gazed up, sometimes to the part of the room where the bird sat, and sometimes to the part of the room hidden behind the barrier. The experiment was videotaped.43) . In the latter case, the curious birds either jumped down from the perch and walked around the barrier to have a look or leapt on top of it and peeredover. There was never anything there, but they were determined to see for themselves.A suggestive result, but not, perhaps, a conclusive one. 44)In this case, the observation was pleasantly unexpected. Dr Bugnyar was conducting an experiment designed to see what ravens learn from each other while foraging. While doing so he noticed strange interactions between two males, Hugin, a subordinate bird, and Munin, a dominant one.45) . The subordinate male was far better at this task than the dominant. However, he never managed to gulp down more than a few pieces of the reward before the dominant raven, Munin, was hustling him on his way. Clearly (and not unexpectedly) ravens are able to learn about food sources from one another. They are also able to bully each other to gain access to that food.But then something unexpected happened. Hugin, the subordinate, tried a new strategy. As soon as Munin bullied him, he headed over to a set of empty containers, prised the lids off them enthusiastically, and pretended to eat. Munin followed, whereupon Hugin returned to the loaded containers and ate his fill.[A] Response to gaze is reckoned to be a good measure of the development of theory of mind inhuman children. By about 18 months of age most children are able to follow the gaze of another person, and infer things about the gazer from it. Failure to develop this trick is an early symptom of autism, a syndrome whose main underlying feature is an inability to understand that other people have minds, too.[B] However, the second study, carried out by Dr Bugnyar when he was working at the Universityof Austria, and published last month in Animal Cognition, suggests that ravens may have mastered the art of deception too.[C] As it happened, Munin was no dummy either. He soon grew wise to the tactic, and would not beled astray. He even stooped to trying to find the food rewards on his own! This made Hugin furious. "He got very angry", says Dr Bugnyar, "and started throwing things around." Perhaps ravens have something else in common with people--a hatred of being found out.[D] Biologists have learned to treat such assertions with caution. In particular, they have foundevidence of theories of mind in a range of mammals, from gorillas to goats. But two recent studies suggest that even mammalian studies may be looking at the question too narrowly. Birds, it seems, can have theories of mind, too.[E] Dr Heinrich and Dr Bugnyar found that all the birds were able to follow the gaze of theexperimenters, even beyond the barrier.[F] At first Dr Bugnyar could not believe what he was seeing. He was anxious about sharing hisobservation, for fear that no one would believe him. But Hugin, he is convinced, was clearly misleading Munin.[G] The task was to work out which colour-coded film containers held some bits of cheese, thenprise the containers open and eat the contents.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points).....As a neutral nation, Switzerland escaped much of the horrors of World War II. (46) While Europe was being ravaged by Hitler's Nazi war machine, the Swiss went about their business living as normal a life as they could amid what would be remembered as the worst war in history.But neutrality in a world war is a myth. Although guns and tanks may not roll across the hills of a "neutral nation", other aspects of war are conducted there just the same. During World War II, Switzerland was used as a base by many Allied spies. (47) International Jewish organizations operated out of Swiss cities, and many Swiss citizens and companies worked for the allies, providing them with information and materials.But just as Switzerland helped support the Allied war effort, so did the Nazis benefit from their association with their "neutral" neighbor. Recently classified documents from US archives reveal that the Nazis stored millions of dollars' worth of gold in Swiss banks. One particular document, given to Allied negotiators after the war, estimates that almost $ 400 million worth of gold--nearly two billion dollars at today's prices--was sent to Switzerland between 1939 and 1945.(48) For decades, Jewish groups have been trying to force Swiss bankers to open their files to public scrutiny, but with limited success. (49) Just over 30 years ago, the Swiss government did take some action by instructing the country's banks to return any unasserted accounts belonging to foreigners who had been "prosecuted for racial, religious or political reasons". The banks responded by releasing about $ 5 million of which about $ 2 million was given to deserving Jewish causes.(50) But for investigators, these paltry sums of money did not come close to accounting for the millions they believe the Nazis had deposited in Swiss banks. Jewish groups continued to demand that proper searching investigations be carried out. Section III WritingPart A51. Directions: Suppose you are in charge of a library in a city. You received a few letters complaining the crowded condition of your library. Write a letter to one of the complainers which includes the following points:1) acknowledge the complaints,2) suggest alternatives to avoid the crowdedness,3) express your appreciation for the comment.You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead.You do not need to write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions: Study the following cartoon carefully and write an essay of 160--200 words. Your essay should meet the following requirements:1) interpret the meaning of the cartoon;2) give your comments on the phenomenon.(20 points)考研英语（⼀）模拟试题参考答案Section I Use of EnglishBAABD；AACCD；CBCBA；ADDCA Section II Reading ComprehensionPart A:Text 1: BADBC; Text2: ACBAD;Text3: CBBCA; Text4: BADDAPart B: D，A，E，B，GPart C:1. 当欧洲惨遭希特勒战争机器蹂躏的时候，瑞⼠⼈则忙着⾃⼰的事，在历史记忆⾥最为残酷的战争中尽其所能地过着正常的⽣活。

2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语模拟试题卷(带答案)

第Ⅰ卷(选择题满分115分)第二部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)笫一节单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

21．—Thanks a lot for your book. I found it very interesting.—________. I'm glad you enjoyed it.A．All the best B．It is nothingC．No thanks D．Very well解析：选B考查交际用语。

句意：“非常感谢你的书。

我觉得它非常有趣。

”“没什么。

你喜欢它我很高兴。

”It is nothing“没什么”，符合语境。

All the best意为“祝一切顺利”；No thanks意为“不用，谢谢(礼貌地谢绝)”；Very well意为“很好”。

22．Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with ________.A．curiosity B．satisfactionC．envy D．patience解析：选D考查名词辨析。

句意：无论什么时候我犯了错误，老师总是耐心地把它们指出来。

patience“耐心”，符合句意。

curiosity“好奇心”；satisfaction“满意，满足”；envy“忌妒”。

23．________ can be good at something for 40 years if he doesn't love it.A．Anybody B．EverybodyC．Nobody D．Somebody解析：选C考查不定代词。

句意：没有人能持续四十年把某件事做得很好，除非他热爱它。

根据句意可知，空处应用Nobody。

24．What a terrible experience！________，you're safe now — that's the main thing.A．Anyway B．BesidesC．Otherwise D．Therefore解析：选A考查副词辨析。

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——参考范本——
【资格考试】2019最新整理-考研英语模拟试题1（一）
______年______月______日
____________________部门
Section ⅠUse of English
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
The fitness movement that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s centered around aerobic exercise. Millions of individuals became 1 in a variety of aerobic activities, and 2 thousands of health spas 3 around the country to capitalize on his 4 interest in fitness, particularly aerobic dancing
for females. A number of fitness spas existed 5 to this aerobic fitness movement, even a national chain with spas in most major cities. However, their 6 was not on aerobics, 7 on weight-training programs designed to develop muscular mass, 8 , and endurance in their primarily male 9 . These fitness spas did not seem to benefit 10 from the aerobic fitness movement to better health, since medical opinion suggested that weight-training programs 11 few, if 12, health benefits. In recent years, however, weight training has again become increasingly 13 for males and for females. Many 14 programs focus not only on developing muscular strength and endurance but on aerobic fitness as well.
15, most physical fitness tests have usually included measures of muscular strength and endurance, not for health
related reasons, but primarily 16 such fitness components have been related to 17 in athletics. 18, in recent years, evidence has shown that training programs designed primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance might also offer some health 19 as well. The American College of Sports Medicine now 20 that weight training be part of a total fitness program for healthy Americans.
1.[A] imposed [B] engaged [C] confined [D] illustrated
2.[A] affluently [B] eligibly [C] gorgeously [D]
literally
3.[A] enhanced [B] manifested [C] developed [D] established
4.[A] emerging [B] hovering [C] intriguing [D] mingling
5.[A] prior [B] entitled [C] liable [D] subjected
6.[A] action [B] focus [C] cement [D] snap
7.[A] or [B] or else [C] and [D] but rather
8.[A] strength [B] nutrition [C] tolerance [D] ambition
9.[A] practitioners [B] enthusiasts [C] referees [D] recipients
10.[A] financially [B] particularly [C] legitimately [D] excessively
11.[A] presented [B] offered [C] indicated [D] demonstrated
12.[A] something [B] some [C] anything [D] any。