[英语四六级]Unit 5---英汉对比与篇章翻译
全新版大学英语快速阅读英汉对照UNIT5
Unit 5单元五Everyday Cruelty日常残忍Last week, I found myself worrying less about problems of world politics, and national crime上周,我发现自己担心世界政治的问题有关的少,国家犯罪and more about smaller evils. I came home one day with a bad taste in my mouth, the kind I小多源。
我回家的时候,有一天在一个糟糕的滋味,是那种我get whenever I witness the little cruelties that people inflict on each other. On this每当我看到得到小残酷的,人们给对方。
在这particular day, I had seen three especially mean-spirited things happen.一天,我看到三个特别是卑鄙的事情发生。
I first thought about mean-spirited people as I walked from the bus stop to the office where我第一次想到人们卑鄙,当我走离公共汽车站到办公室去哪里I work. I make this walk every day, and it's my first step away from the comforts of home我的工作。
我每天步行,这是我的第一步家里的舒适and into the tensions of the city. For me, a landmark on the route is a tiny patch of ground和城市的紧张关系。
对我来说,一个里程碑一小片路径的层面甚广that was once strewn with rubbish and broken glass. The city is trying to make a "pocket曾是到处是垃圾和碎玻璃。
Unit5翻译
从经济学家身上得到的教训经济学是一门忧郁的学科：所以说有很多嘲笑这门学科的智力优点的人。
多数的批判家来自于“纯科学家”或者“合理科学家”——包括物理学家，化学家和生物学家。
现在，经济学当然有它的缺点。
但是经济学家用来接近并描述世界的方式，以及经济学家是怎样向其他人证实的，这些是纯科学家应该学习的。
经济学自身存在不正确和含糊的东西。
关于过去事件可靠数据的缺失使得对最基本的经济变量的精确测量几乎成为不可能，例如国家的出口总量，消费者支出途径，通货膨胀。
如果经济学家对于现在正在进行的事模糊不清，那么他们对于未来甚至更加不确定。
由于一般的测量困难，以及未知的事件，例如战争或者自然灾害，经济预测总是错误的，有时存在较大的误差范围。
对于经济理论，他们大多数是根据流行趋势来改变，允许经济学家在理论和流行之间轻松转变，有时又会同时持有几种对立的观点。
科学家之间的对立不能再明显了。
经济学家的贸易工具是混乱的数据，松散的理论和拖沓的因果关系方法，这个因果关系方法是指A，B，C之间的一套交互作用可能导致结论Z （仅仅通过一个迂回的路径使得P，Q，R之间的路径改短）。
科学家用一个更加现实的方式看待世界，要求一系列的死板的理论和基于艰苦的实验观察的数据。
但是经济学家已经能够利用含糊不清的东西，而这些含糊不清的东西是用来打击他们的优势的。
通过专注于概括问题的结论和交流这些结论，以使得与他们接触的特殊的兴趣群体能够明白理解。
经济学家已经能够把他们自己变成一种影响。
科学家做的就更加不好了，他们只是专注于问题的本质而不是结论或者政策的描述。
所有的这一切都解释了（至少在英国式这样的）经济学家这一类人为什么在过去的20年，在更加专业的领域比科学家更成功。
我们来看看英国政府的首席科学顾问和首席经济学家。
在第一种职务中，比尔斯图尔特只有很薄弱的权力基础，只能给很多政府部门提供最低限度的科学建议。
第二种职务把在职者带到政府决策组织的中心，并和很多做重要决定的部长有了接触，找出如何把英国更好运行的方法。
Unit 5---英汉对比与篇章翻译
English
Form-focused with emphasis on explicit cohesion （显性联接） Hypotactic
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
意合型语言
(以意统形)
Compare the sentence structures:
• 我的小孙子/外孙他很 调皮。 • 那所房子你们早该修 了。 • 英语这门语言，学会 它可不容易。 • 这里建大桥，我看行 不通。
Chinese Structure: 话题Topic-Comment 话题-评论
• My little grandson is very naughty. • You should have repaired the house. • It is by no means easy to learn the English language. • I don’t think it workable to build a bridge here.
人到齐就开会。 不要人云亦云。
The meeting will begin when all are here.
Don’t say what others have said. Tense （时态） 帐单撕碎了。 The bill was torn to pieces. 问题解决了。 The problem was solved. Voice （语 态） 你再说一个字， If you should say one more 我马上走。 word, I would go at once. 你死了， If you should die, I would go and 我去当和尚。 be a monk. Mood （语气）
高级英语新编英语教程5课文+翻译unit5
Unit 5 The Plug-in Drug: TV and the American FamilyA quarter of a century after the introduction of television into American society, a period that has seen the medium become so deeply ingrained in American life that in at least one state the television set has attained the rank of a legal necessity, 1safe from repossession in case of debt along with clothes, cooking utensils, and the like, television viewing has become an inevitable and ordinary part of daily life. Only in the early years of television did writers and commentators2have sufficient perspective to separate the activity of watching television from the actual content it offers the viewer. In those early days writers frequently discussed the effects of television on family life. However a curious 3myopia afflicted those early observers: almost without exception they regarded television as a favorable, beneficial, indeed, 4wondrous influence upon the family.在电视机这项发明进入美国人生活的25后，他已经在美国人的生活中根深蒂固，甚至美国至少有一个州的法律规定电视机是生活的必须品，而且如果负债，它可以和衣物,厨具一样免于作为财产抵押，而且看电视也成为人们生活中非常普遍甚至是不可避免的活动。
英语第五单元课文及翻译及分段
Ultra-low Interest Rate:Distributional Effects and Risks超低利率:分配效应和风险1、There is widespread consensus that the conventional and unconventional monetary policiesthat world’s major central banks implemented in response to the global financial crisis prevent ed a deeper recession and higher unemployment than there otherwise would have been. These measures, along with a lack of demand for credit as a result of the recession, contributed to a decline in real and nominal interest rates to ultra-low levels that have been sustained over the past five years.一个普遍的共识是，世界主要央行为应对全球金融危机所实施的常规和非常规的货币政策防止了更严重的经济衰退和更高失业率的发生，否则情况会更糟糕。
这些措施，以及由于经济衰退而缺乏的信贷需求，导致实际利率和名义利率下降到了超低水平，过去五年中一直如此。
2、A new report from the McKinsey Global Institute examines the distributional effects of theseultra-low rates. It finds that there have been significant effects on different sectors in the economy in terms of income interest and expense. From 2007 to 2012, governments in the eurozone, the United Kingdom, and the United States collectively benefited by $1.6 trillion both through reduced debt-service costs and increased profits remitted from central banks (exhibit). Nonfinancial corporations—large borrowers such as governments—benefited by $710 billion as the interest rates on debt fell. Although ultra-low interest rates boosted corporate profits in the United Kingdom and the United States by 5 percent in 2012, this has not translated into higher investment, possibly as a result of uncertainty about the strength of the economic recovery, as well as tighter lending standards. Meanwhile, households in these countries together lost $630 billion in net interest income, although the impact varies across groups. Younger households that are net borrowers have benefited, while older households with significant interest-bearing assets have lost income.麦肯锡全球研究院的一份新报告分析了这些超低利率造成的分配效应。
新编大学英语综合教程Unit 5-课文翻译
新编大学英语综合教程Unit 5 课文翻译Passage ABefore You ReadWhat do you know about the cultural conflict between China and the West？conflict：[ˈkɒnflɪkt , kənˈflɪkt] n.冲突;争执;争论;矛盾;不一致。
v.(两种思想、信仰等)冲突，抵触。
Cultural:[ˈkʌltʃərəl]adj. 与文化有关的;文化的;与艺术、文学、音乐等有关的。
你对中西文化冲突了解多少Differences between American and Chinese Classes美国和中国的课堂差异We hear about the informality in American classes from time to time. For instance, American professors/teachers do not dress up very formally and they generally call students by their first names. Students can speak out in class, where they do not even need to raise their hands. In addition, in many schools, students can eat or drink during class. American students sometimes argue with their teachers in class, give teachers suggestions on things that need changing, or even criticize their ideas.hear about 得知; 听到关于from time to time 不时地;间或;偶尔For instance 例如;譬如。
课文翻译高级英语5
Unit6 Where Is the News Leading Us?不久前我应邀参加了一次有关美国报业的作用的公众研讨会。
还有另外两个嘉宾也出席了。
一位是知名的电视节目主持人，另一位是美国一家主要报纸的编辑，他是一位彻头彻尾的新闻工作者---- 在据实报道的方式上坚忍不拔、积极进取且见识过人。
据我所知本次研讨旨在审查传媒的义务，并提出实现那些义务的最佳途径。
在公开讨论时，观众席中的一位男士向两位嘉宾提问，“为什么报纸和电视新闻节目都充斥灾难？为什么新闻界的男男女女对悲剧、暴力、和失败是如此关注？”主持人和编辑作出了回答，好像是自己应该为坏消息的存在而受到谴责一样。
他们说，新闻工作者只负责报道新闻，而不负责制造或修改新闻。
我不认为这两位新闻工作者回答了这个问题。
提出这个问题的先生并没有因为世上的歪曲报道而谴责他们。
他只是想知道为什么报道得最多的是歪曲的事件。
新闻媒体的运作理念似乎是凡是新闻皆坏事。
为什么呢？是不是着重报道负面新闻是一种传统——是新闻工作者所习以为常的对日常事件作出的反应方式？在此或许分析一下我们如何定义“新闻”一词会有所帮助，因为这是问题的起因。
新闻应该是报道过去十二小时，最迟二十四小时内所发生的事情。
然而，突发事件往往具有爆炸性的：一名狙击手枪杀了几名行人，一名恐怖分子劫持了飞机上250名人质，欧佩克石油组织宣布原油价格上涨25%，英国货币又贬值10%，一辆载有放射性废料的卡车与一架水泥搅拌车相撞。
然而，一味聚焦这些报道，则是失真的画面。
人类文明成果远远多于灾难总和。
每种文明中最重要的成分就是进步。
但进步不会立即发生，也没有爆发性。
一般来说，它是一点一滴逐步发展的，在某个特定时刻是微不足察的。
但是所有微小的进步都参与了历史性的巨变的实现，使社会更加美好。
就是这类活生生的历史，绝大多数的新闻媒体没有予以充分的反映，结果导致我们对社会的正面发展了解不足，对灾难却知之甚多，这又使人产生失败和绝望的情绪，而这些情绪易于阻碍社会进步。
英汉对比与翻译Unit 5
it's bad for his character.
• 他们过分纵容孩子, 这对孩子的性格 有不良影响.
Words
• indulge: • I'm really going to indulge
myself tonight with a bottle of champagne.
• 今天晚上我可真要放纵一下自己, 喝他一瓶香槟.
Words
• indulge: • (b) allow (sb) to proceed without interrupting or hindering him 容许 或迁就（某人）做要做的事: : • If you will indulge me for one
moment, I think I can explain the matter to you.
Words
• indulge: • 1.(a)~ oneself/sb (with sth) allow oneself/sb to have whatever one/he likes or wants 放纵自己[某 人] : • They indulge their child too much;
Comparative Translation
毛海燕
Unit Five
Letter
Sourse language:
• 英国诗人P.B. Shelley (1792-1822)给 英国诗人John Keats (1795-1821)的一 封信。
Sourse language:
• Shelley, Per·cy Bysshe (1792-1822) a British poet of the Romantic Movement, who disliked religion and believed strongly in political freedom. • His most famous works were written after 1818 when he went to live in Italy with his wife Mary Shelley, and they include Adonais, written in memory of the poet John Keats, Prometheus Unbound, and To a Skylark.
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English
Form-focused with emphasis on explicit cohesion （显性联接） Hypotactic
意合型语言
(以意统形)
形合型语言
(以形驭意)
Categories of texts
Type of writing: Description Narration Exposition argumentation
Requirements for the text: Unity
Coherence
Language Transfer and translation
Chinese
Lacking inflection in the strict sense 缺少严格意义的形态 变化 老师们、同学们 我的爸爸、你的妈妈 认真的态度、 认真地学习
English
Retaining some inflections 保留一些形态变化 v.（动词）: tense, aspect, voice, mood n.（名词）: number, case, gender pron.（代词）: person, gender, case, number adj.（形容词）: degree ad.（副词） : degree
Contrastive Study on EnglishChinese and Text Translation 英汉对比与篇章翻译
What’s a text?
• I. II. TEXT篇章是翻译的真正单位 篇章是思想交流的基本单位 语篇具有主动性 Language is the amber in which a thousand precious and subtle thoughts have been safely embedded and preserved. ---Richard C. Trench
(Condition 条件)
病来如山倒， Sickness comes like an avalanche, 病去如抽丝。 but goes like reeling silk.
(Contrast, Opposition 对照、转折)
我来他已去。 He had left when I arrived.
(Time Order 时间先后)
他人老心 不老。
Although he has aged physically, he remains young at heart.
(Concession 让步)
Contrast Between English and Chinese
Chinese
Meaning-focused with emphasis on implicit coherence (隐性连贯) Paratactic
Two Types of Transfer
• Negative Transfer (负迁移) Errors arise from analogy. 类推会产生错误。
• Positive Transfer （正迁移） Errors decrease by analysis. 分析能减少错误。
Keen awareness of the similarities and differences between the two languages can facilitate FL learning.
Transfer (迁移)is the influence resulting from the similarities and differences between the target language and any other language that has been previously acquired . Odlin (1989: 27) 迁移是由于目标语与已经习得的语言之间的 相似和差异而产生的影响。 ---奥德林
Examples of Negative Transfer
1. The writer likes writing at light (night). 【语音 迁移】 2. He only eat two meal a day. 【词形迁移】
Difference Between
Comparative Study and Contrastive Study Comparative Study lays emphasis on the similarities between languagec method of research. Contrastive Study lays emphasis on the differences between languages and applies the synchronic method of research.
人在阵地在。 The position will not be given up so long as we are still living. 人无远虑， If one has no long-term considerations, 必有近忧。 he will find trouble at his doorstep.
人到齐就开会。
不要人云亦云。
The meeting will begin when all are here.
Don’t say what others have said. Tense （时态） 帐单撕碎了。 The bill was torn to pieces. 问题解决了。 The problem was solved. Voice （语 态） 你再说一个字， If you should say one more 我马上走。 word, I would go at once. 你死了， If you should die, I would go and 我去当和尚。 be a monk. Mood （语气）