英文

Anything is the precise technique of manufactureFirst, the technology outlines After the precise technique of manufacture is refers to the components semifinished materials forming, the remainder small or does not have the remainder, components semifinished materials Canada after labor, the precision reaches the sub micron level the production technology general name. It is nearly forms and near non-flaw only forms the technology, the ultra precision sizing technology and the super velocity process technology meta synthesisNearly formed and near non-flaw forming technique only transformed the traditional semifinished materials forming technique, caused machine the weapon product semifinished materials forming to realize from extensively to the purification transformation, caused the exterior quality to do without the remainder either does not have the remainder close, the internal soundness does without the flaw or does not have the flaw close, realized high quality, highly effective, the lightweight, the low cost forming. This technology involves to the cast form, the plastic forming, precise the connection, the heat treatment modification, the superficial modification, the high accuracy mold and so on professional field. The ultra precision sizing technology mainly includes: Ultra precision sizing mechanism, ultra precision sizing supposing prepares the technique of manufacture, the ultra precision sizing tool and the sharpening technology, the ultra precision measurement technology and the error make up to recompense the technology, ultra precision sizing working conditions condition.The super velocity process technology is refers to uses the ultra hard material the cutting tool, through enhances enormously cuts the speed and the feed rate enhances the material excision rate, working accuracy and the processing quality modern age processes the technology.Super velocity processing cutting velocity scope because of different work piece material, different cutting way , but different. At present, generally, super velocity cuts each material to cut the fast scope is: Aluminum alloy has surpassed 1600m/min, the cast iron is 1500m/min, the ultra heat-resisting nickel alloy reaches 300m/min, titanium the alloy reaches 150~1000m/min, the fibre reinforcement plastic is 2000~9000m/min. Each kind cuts the craft the cutting velocity scope is: Turning 700~7000m/min, milling 300~6000m/min , drills truncates 200~1100m/min, above grinding 250m/s and so on.The super velocity process technology mainly includes: The super velocity cutting and the grinding mechanism, super velocity main axle the unit technique of manufacture, the super velocity to feed unit technique of manufacture, the super velocity processing uses the cutting tool and grinding tool the technique of manufacture, super velocity processing online automatic detection and control technology and so on. The ultra precision sizing technology's trend of development is: To the high accuracy, the higher efficiency direction develops ; To the large scale, the microminiaturized direction develop; Develops to the processing examination integration direction; The engine bed multi-purpose modulation directions develops to the ; Discusses unceasingly suits in the ultra precision sizing new principle, new sidethe law, the new material. The 21st century tenth day year will be the ultra precision sizing technology achieves the Nanofabrication technology the key ten years.In the super velocity process technology, the cutting tool material already from the carbon steel and the alloy tool steel, experiences the high-speed steel, the flinty alloy steel, the ceramic material, develops the artificial diamond and crystal combination diamond (PCD), the cubic boron nitride and the crystal combination cube boron nitride (CBN); The cutting velocity also has the material innovation along with knife , but enhances from beforehand 12m/min to 1200m/min above. Therefore some people think , along with the new cutting tool (grinding tool) the material unceasing development, every other ten year cutting velocity must enhance time, the subsonic speed and even the supersonic speed processing appearance cannot be too remote.2. domestic and foreign present situationsThe industrially advanced country nearly the forming technique has had the very big development only in nearly 20 for many years, became was already the machine-building industry main technique of manufacture, in the casting, the forging and stamping, the welding, the heat treatment and superficial the modified aspect occupied the ultimate output main status. Forming production the proportion also is quite only low in our country nearly forming technique in entire in the , the forming precision ensemble average must compared to overseas low 1~2 and so on the level, some advanced nearly forming technique in our country only then the Minority business enterprise use, some complex difficult forming our country not be able to produce only, the part advanced complete installation, the manipulator and the robot, very big a part of high level automatic production line constructs the line technology, our country has not been able to base completely the home, because of , but in the aggregate level must fall behind for 15~25 years compared to the advanced countries. In each specialized direction, overseas in the recent 20 years presented one batch of new technologies, have some us not to grasp, have some, although has done the experimental study, has not used in producing.In the past the people often stressed on the single item technology development and the applied research, today market competition is intense, for the people the better more economical formed spare part, more and more noted many item of advanced the technology the synthesis utilization, might obtain a better effect. For example ultra models the characteristic using the material to carry on the welding in the aviation forming application, through controls using the low-alloy ingredient's non-quenched and tempered steel hammers controls coldly to be possible to substitute for the quenching and tempering heat treatment, unifies half solid state forming the casting and the forging and stamping, dust the agglutination semifinished materials attains the better performance nearly only shape components again after forging, is the overseas development should use the effect good technology quickly. Our country experts form the roll forging and the finish forge unify, use in automobile front axle the production compared to the overseas general technical construction production line, a line may save over a billion investments.The traditional forming technique is the establishment in experiences and in theempirical datum foundation technology, formulates the new components forming craft when the production must carry on the massive revision debugging. The computer and computation technique the technique development, specially the misalignment finite element's development, enables the difficulty very big forming process to have may be able to carry on the simulation analysis and the numerical calculus. The developed country already developed in this aspect has studied massively the work, and forms some commercial software to use in forming the process study. Our country already entered in this aspect the good massive research, some units have also developed some software, but as a result of the investment insufficiency, forms the commercial software to be very few.Nearly forms and near non-flaw forming technique only usually uses in the production in enormous quantities, the request enterprise constructs to suppose the different technical level the production line, needs to have the corresponding manipulator and the robot. Because works the condition, the environment to be quite bad, are relatively few to these robots need quantity, the variety to compare to be many, therefore needs to participate in the development by this specialists. Now, the people gradually raise to the product demand to leave some personalized request, therefore in construction automatic production line time, proposed the construction flexibility lives to produce the line the request, overseas in nearly formed the production aspect already to present the few flexible production line only, our country must pay attention to this trend, should act according to the user's needs and the investment intensity, the construction moves the degree differently from and meets the flexibility need the production line.Overseas enterprise for quality assurance, on the one hand strengthens the quality control, completes produces entire the process the quality control, on the other hand through production process's in automation and the intelligent control, guarantee nearly forms the production quality by the to be stable only, can do without the flaw or nearly does not have the flaw.In the super velocity process technology aspect, in 1976 US's V ought Corporation has developed ultra the high speed milling machine, the highest rotational speed has achieved 20000rpm. What is specially noticeable, Federal Republic of Germany the Darmstadt Industrial university produced the project and the engine bed research institute starts from 1978 to carry on ultra systematically the high-speed cutting mechanism research, carried on the high-speed cutting experiment to each metal and the nonmetallic material, united nation Germany to organize several dozens enterprises and to provide more than 2000 ten thousand Deutsche Mark to support this research work. since the late 80s, the commercialized super velocity cutting engine bed has appeared unceasingly, super velocity machine the bed develops into the super velocity vehicle milling machine from the sole super velocity milling machine, to drill the milling machine and even each kind of high speed the machining center and so on. Switzerland, Britain, Japan also one after another promote own super velocity engine bed. Japanese the Hitachi precision instrument's HG400III machining center main axle highest rotational speed reaches 36000~40000r/min, the work table rapid traverse speed is 36~40m/min. Uses straight line electrical machinery's American IngersollCorporation's HVM800 high speed machining center to feed traveling speed is 60m/min. In recent years, our country in high speed super velocity processing's various essential domain, like the high efficiency high speed main axle unit, high Canada decelerated the straight line to feed electrical machinery, aspects and so on ceramics rolling bearing also to conduct many research, but overall water put down with overseas the big disparity.Japan was opposite to the ultra precision sizing technology's research in US and UK starts late, but now in world ultra precision sizing technological development quickest country. Japan's research key is different with the US, the former is took the goods for civilian use application as the main object, the latter is take develops national defense most advanced technique as the essential target. Therefore Japan in uses in the sound, the light, the image, the office equipment small, ultra the small electron and the optical element ultra precision sizing technology aspect, is more advanced and has superiority , even has surpassed the US.Our country's ultra precision sizing technology had in the late 70s made great strides, in the mid-80s appeared had the world level ultra precision machine tool and the part. Beijing Engine bed Research institute is domestic enters one of line of ultra precision sizing engineering research main units, developed many kinds of different type ultra the precision machine tool, the part and the related high accuracy measuring instrument and so on, like the precision reached 0.025m fine the dense bearing, the JCS-027 ultra precision lathe, the JCS-031 ultra precision milling machine, JCS-035 ultra fine the dense lathe, the ultra precision lathe numerical control system, the duplicator photosensitive drum processing engine bed, infrared high efficiency the laser reflector, the ultra precise vibration - displacement micrometer dial and so on, achieved domestic has been in the lead, international to enter the level first. Aerospace ministry of industry 303 in the ultra precision main axle, aspects and so on granite coordinate measuring engine have conducted the deep research and the product manufacturing. The Harbin Industry University in diamond ultra precise the cutting, the diamond cutting tool crystal direction detection and the sharpening, diamond fine powder grinding wheel electrolysis online conditioning technique aspects and so on technique has conducted the fruitful research. The Tsinghua University prepared, the floppy disk processing and the check-out facility, the micro displacement work table, the ultra precise belt grinding in integrated circuit ultra precision sizing and grinds throws, diamond fine powder aspects and so on grinding wheel ultra microfinishing, non-circular cross-section ultra precise cutting to carry on thorough the research, and had the corresponding product to be published. In addition Academia Sinica Chang chn Optics Precision machinery Research institute, in Chinese the University of Science and Technology, the Shenyang first machine tool factory, Chengdu Tool Research institute, National University of Defense Technology and so on conducted this domain research, the result has been remarkable. But generally speaking, our country in ultra precision sizing efficiency, precision, reliability, specially specification (great size) and technical over coatability aspect and overseas compared to, with production actual request compared to, but also has the quite big disparity.3. domestic research foundationKey technologies aspect our country which needs in the profession had already carried out the many single item research, a part already realized the industrial production, but generally speaking the difficulty high complex technology has not been able to grasp.Third, “15” goal and main research content1.goalhrough the technical attack, causes nearly to form and the near non-flaw forming technique principal aspect only catches up withon or the close international advanced level, and unify our country situation to have the development innovation in the partial technologies; the key technologies should achieve the curing, the complete set, the industrial production, may provide complete set technology to the enterprise, satisfies the enterprise technological transformation and the production development need.the super velocity processing realizes the industrial application basically, the main axle highest rotational speed reaches 15000r/min , the feed rate reaches 40~60m/min, the grinding wheel grinding speed reaches 100~150m/s; Ultra adds the labor to realize the submicron level processing basically precisely.nearly only forming technique research Nearly forms the new technology and the industrial production technology only Including nearly forms the non-flaw casting technique, the precise plasticity forming technique, the high quality highly effective precise company only meets the technology, the precise heat treatment modified technology, the high quality highly effective superficial modification and the coating technology, complex the high accuracy mold technology as well as the above each technical synthesis utilization. Should aim at the profession in the next century the key need, the coverage broad technology development research, provides the new craft, the new method, to accumulate , the consummation correlation data, and achieves the practical application.Nearly forms the craft simulation analysis and the optimization techniques only The research solution forming craft simulation's key technologies, causes the three dimensional software routine consummation, to become curing, commercialization. And macroscopic analysis to microscopic analysis development.Forms the production line to use the manipulator and the robot The research forming production line needs the typical manipulator and the robot, enables it to achieve the seriation maturely, , satisfies the business technological renovation the need.Nearly forms the production automatic line and the flexible production lineonly constructs line technology Take the craft as the core, the research grasps nearly forms and the near non-flaw forming automatic production line only constructs supposes the technology, the stress research grasps the production line control and the online examination, achieves produces outline according to the enterprise to lead with the actual fund, the construction different automation, the mechanized degree production line, must according to develop the need, the construction partial flexible production line.Process of manufacture quality control technology Develops the online intelligent control technology, the development non-destructive inspection technology and thestatistical process control technology , achieves to the entire process quality control which nearly forms only, thus guarantees the final product quality and the precision. Nearly only forming technique hypothesized manufacture and network technique of manufacture In view of this profession small and medium-sized enterprise many characteristics, by association, academic society, productive forces promotion center is the core, the absorption achievement Subordinate unit and the colleague enterprise participates, establishes the hypothesized manufacture and the network makes to make the system, the solution enterprise to the information, the technical demand, the enterprise may through network acceptance of order , carries on the technical advisory work, thus is advantageous in enhances enterprise overall level(2) the super velocity process technology studies①Super velocity cutting, grinding mechanism. To super velocity cutting and abrasive machining process, each kind the cutting grinding phenomenon, each kind are processed the material and each kind of cutting tool grinding tool material super velocity cutting rub to truncate the performance as well as the super velocity cutting grinding technological parameter optimization and so on carry on the system research.②Super velocity main axle unit technique of manufacture. The main axle material, the structure, bearing's research with opens sends; Main axle system dynamic characteristic and thermal state research; Flexible main axle and bearing's elastic support engineering research; Main axle system's lubrication and cooling engineering research; Main axle's multi-objective optimization design technology, hypothesized design technique research; The main axle trades the knife engineering research.③Super velocity to feed unit technique of manufacture. High speed position chip link's development; Precise exchange server and electrical machinery's research; System inertia and servo electrical machinery parameter match relations research; the mechanical transmission chain is static, dynamic stiffness research; Adds the retarded control engineering research; Precision ball bearing guide screw vice- and leads greatly the guide screw vice-development and so on.④The super velocity processing uses the cutting tool grinding tool and the material. The research develops each kind of super velocity processing (to wrap to include difficult to process material) with the cutting tool grinding tool material and the preparation technology, enables cutting tool's cutting velocity to achieve the overseas industrially advanced country the late 90s's level, grinding tool's grinding speed achieves above 150m/s.⑤Super velocity processing test technology. To super velocity processing engine bed main axle unit, to feed unit functional units and actuation control system's and so on system and engine bed supporting and auxiliary unit system monitoring technique the technique, to the super velocity processing with cutting tool grinding tool's attrition and breakage, grinding tool's conditions as well as and so on conditioning in the super velocity processing process the work piece working accuracy, the processing surface quality and so on online monitoring technology carries on the resear(3) ultra precision sizing engineering research①Ultra precision sizing processing mechanism. “evolution processing” and“transcendence processing” mechanism research; Microscopic superficial integrity research; In ultra precise category to each material (including by processing material and cutting tool grinding tool material) the processing process, the phenomenon, the performance as well as the technological parameter enter the good suggestive research.②Ultra precision sizing equipment technique of manufacture. Nanometer level ultra precision lathe project research; Ultra precision grinder research; The essential foundation, like the shafting, the guide rail vice-, the numerical control server, micro position moves to research and so on installment; Ultra precision machine tool unit technique of manufacture research.③Ultra precision sizing cutting tool, grinding tool and sharpening technology. Diamond cutting tool and sharpening technology, diamond fine powder grinding wheel and conditioning engineering research.④Precision measurement technology and error compensation technology. Nanometer level datum and transmission system establishment; nanometer level metering equipment research; Space error compensation engineering research; Survey integration engineering research.⑤Ultra precision sizing working conditions condition. The ultra precision measurement, controls the warm system, to disappear inspires technical the research; Ultra precise treating plant, new special chip cleaner and correlation technique research.。