国际贸易实务英语delivery解读

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express delivery贸易术语

文章标题：探讨快递贸易术语：理解express delivery的深度和广度在国际贸易中，快递贸易术语是我们经常接触和使用的，其中express delivery是一个备受关注的话题。

在本文中，我们将以从简到繁、由浅入深的方式来探讨express delivery这一贸易术语，以便我们能更深入地理解。

1. 什么是express delivery？让我们来了解一下express delivery的基本定义。

在国际贸易中，express delivery指的是一种快速递送货物的服务方式，通常由快递公司或特快专递公司提供。

这种服务以其快捷、便利和可靠而受到广泛欢迎，成为国际贸易中不可或缺的一环。

2. express delivery的影响因素理解express delivery不仅仅是了解其定义，还需要考虑到影响其实施的因素。

在国际贸易中，快递公司的覆盖范围、运输方式、关税及税费、交货时间等因素都会对express delivery产生影响。

对于进出口商来说，选择合适的快递公司和制定合理的运输计划是至关重要的。

3. express delivery的优势和劣势接下来，让我们评估一下express delivery的优势和劣势。

作为一种快速递送货物的服务方式，express delivery在缩短交货时间、提高货物安全性、减少运输成本等方面具有明显的优势。

然而，也需注意到其受天气影响大、可能产生额外关税及税费、可能出现货物丢失或损坏等劣势。

4. 如何选择适合的express delivery服务在实际国际贸易中，如何选择适合的express delivery服务至关重要。

进出口商需要考虑货物的性质、目的地国家的政策、预算等多方面因素，才能做出明智的选择。

与快递公司的合作关系、交货时间的安排、货物追踪服务等也需要引起重视。

5. 个人观点与理解我想共享一下关于express delivery的个人观点和理解。

国贸交货和运输

? 特点: 较多的维护了承运人的利益，在风险分担上很不均衡，因而引起了作为主要货主国的第三世界国家的不满，纷纷要求修改海牙规则，建立航运新秩序。
维斯比规则(Visby Rules)
? 第三世界国家强烈要求修改海牙规则, 北欧国家和英国等航运发达国家主张折衷各方意见，只对海牙规则中明显不合理或不明确的条款作局部的修订和补充。也称为海牙---维斯比规则(Hague-Visby Rules)，
? 全称:《关于修订统一提单若干法律规定的国际公约的议订书》(Protocol to Amend the International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law Relating to Bill of Lading)，或简称为“1968年布鲁塞尔议订书”(The 1968 Brussels Protocol)，1968年2月23日在布鲁塞尔通过，于1977年6月生效。目前已有英、法、丹麦、挪威、新加坡、瑞典等20多个国家和地区参加了这一公约。
货物的交付（delivery)
货物的交付简称交货，是指卖方自愿将其对货物的占有权转移给买方的行为。
“交货”与“装运”
E 组和 D 组术语 (实际交货方式)
- 交货（delivery）和装运（shipment）是两个完全不同的概念。
- 交货地点分别是卖方所在地或其指定地点（EXW）、指定的目的港或进口国的某一指定地点（DAF、DES、DEQ、DDU、DDP）。
? port of shipment：Qingdao/Shanghai/Dalian
? port of shipment：China Ports
备货和装运通知问题

国际贸易实务英文名词解释英to英

国际贸易实务英文名词解释英to英What’s International TradeThe international trade is the exchange of goods and services produced in one country for goods and services producedin another country.EXPORTINGExporting is the process of earning money by providing the right product at the right price at the right time in the right place beyond your home boundary. The ultimate goal is to make sure that the exporter is to be paid for the goods he sells.EXWEXW means the seller delivers when he places the goods at the di sposal of the buyer at the seller’s premises 法定地址 or another named place. The seller doesn’t not declare the goods for export and he needn’t load goods on any collecting vehicle. FASFree alongside ship means that the seller delivers when the goods are placed alongside the vessel at named port of shipment. This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of the goods from that moment.FOBFree on Board means the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship’s rail at the named port of shipment. T his means that thebuyer has to bear all the costs and risks from that point. The FOB terms require the seller to clear the goods for export.CFRCost and freight means that the seller delivers when the goods pass ship’s rail at the named port of sh ipmentCIFCIF means that the seller bears the same obligations as under CFR. In additional that he has to procure marine insurance against the buyer’s risk of loss or damage to the goods during the carriage. The seller contracts for insurance and pay the insurance premium.FCA; Free carrier …Named placeIt means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when he has handed over the goods; cleared for export; into the custody of the carrier named by the buyer at the named place or point.If no precise point is indicated by the buyer; the seller may choose within the place or range stipulated where the carrier shall take charge of the goods. When; according to commercial practices; the seller’s assistance is required in making the contract with th e carrier; the seller may act at the buyer’s risk and expenses.CPT; Carriage paid to …named place of destination 运费付至…指定目的地It means that the seller pays the freight for the carriage of the goods to the named destination; the risk of; loss of;or damage to the goods; as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time the goods have been delivered to the carrier; is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods have been delivered into the custody of the carrier.CIP; Carriage and insurance paid to …named place of destination 运费保险费付至…指定目的地It means that the seller has the same obligations as under CPT but with the addition that the seller has to procure cargo insurance against the buyer’s risk of; loss of; or damage to the goods during the carriage. The seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurance premium.DES; Delivered Ex Ship…n amed port of destination 船上交货…指定目的港It means that the seller shall make the goods available to the buyer on board the ship at the destination named in the sales contract. The seller has to bear the full cost and risks involved in bringing the goods there.DEQ; Delivered ex Quay…names port of destination 码头交货…指定目的港It means that the seller makes the goods available to the buyer on the quay at the destination named in the sales contract.The seller has to bear the full cost and risks involved on bringing the goods there.DDU; Delivered Duty Unpaid …named place of destination 未完税交货…指定目的地It means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when the goods have been made available at the named place in the country of importation. The seller has to bear all the costs and risks involved in bringing the goods there; as well as the cost and risk of carrying out customs formalities for export. The buyer has to pay any additional costs and bear any risks caused by his failure to clear the goods for import in time.DDP;Delivered Duty Paid…named place of destination完税后交货…指定目的地It means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when the goods have been made available at the named place in the country of importation. The seller has to bear all the risks and costs including duties; taxes and other charges for delivering the goods; clearing for importation. It represents the maximum obligation borne by the seller.DAF; Delivered At Frontier …named place 边境交货…指定地点It means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when the goods have been made available; cleared for export; at the named point of place at the frontier; but before the customs border of the country named in the sales contract.Quality of goodsThe quality of goods refers to the outward appearance and the essential quality of the goods; such as shape; structure; color; flavors well as chemical composition; physical and mechanical property; biological feature; etc.In international trade; quality of the goods not only concerns the value in use and the price of the goods; but also concerns the sales of the goods and credit standing of the manufacturer.Sale by samples.The sample refers to the article which can be used to represent the quality of the whole lot. Sale by sample includes tree cases; i.e.; sale by the seller’s sample and sale; sale by the buyer’s sample and sale by counter sampleSale by actual quality: 以实际品质交货In this case; the buyer or his agent examines the goods at seller’s place at first. After they conclude a deal; the seller shall deliver the goods according to the goodsexamined.Sale by description:以说明表示In international business; most commodities are suitable to sale by description which can be subdivided into 7 kindsSale by specification:凭规格买卖The specification of the goods refers to certain main indicators which indicate the quality of the goods; such as composition; content; purity; size; length; etc.Sale by grade: 凭等级买卖The grade of the goods refers to the classifications of the commodity of the goods which is indicated by words; numbers or symbols. The classifications are usually decided by different qualities; weights; compositions; appearances;properties; etc.Sale by standard: 凭标准买卖The standard refers to the specifications or grades which are stipulated and announced by the government or the chambers of commerce; etc.良好平均品质Sale by brand name or trademark: 凭商标品牌买卖As to the goods whose quality is stable; reputation is sound and with which the customers are quite familiar; we may sellit by brand name or trade mark.奔驰汽车Sale by name of origin: 凭产地名称买卖There are some agricultural products and by-products whose origins are well- known all over the world.Sale by description: 凭说明书和图样买卖The quality of some commodities; such as technological instruments; electric machines; etc. can not be simply indicated by quality indexes; instead it is quite necessary to explain in detail the structure; material; performance as well as method of operation. If necessary; pictures; photos;etc. must also be provided.Quality Tolerance品质公差The quality tolerance is used in the trade of industrial products; which means that the quality of the goods delivered by the seller is allowed to have certain differences withina certain range since such differences are usually unavoidableand commonly accepted as the usage of the same special trade.Quality tolerance is mainly used for industrial products Quality latitude 品质机动幅度The quality latitude means that the quality indexes of the goods delivered by the seller may be controlled flexibly within a certain latitude.The packing of goodsIn international trade packing is one of the essential component parts of commodity production. Generally speaking; only packed commodities can enter into the circulation field; and attain the commercial value and use value of the goods. Packing can protect commodity and keep it good in quality and intact in quantity in the circulation process.Neutral packing and brand designated by the buyer 中性包装和定牌It means that there is neither a name of the origin; nor a name of the factory; nor a trade mark; a brand; or even any words on the packing of the commodity and the commodity itself. It includes two kinds: packing with trade mark designated by the buyer but without the mark of the manufacturers and origins packing and without trade mark and origins as well as the mark of the manufacturersBrand designated by the buyer:It means that the seller addresses the trade mark or brand on the package of the commodity or the commodity itself as buyer’s request.定牌是指卖方按买方要求在其出售的商品或包装上标明买方指定的商标或品牌;这种做法叫定牌生产..Shipping mark: 运输标志这种标志又称唛头;通常是由一个简单的几何图形和一些字母、数字及简单的丈字组成..It is usually made up of geometrical diagrams; letters;figures and simple words. The contents of shipping mark are as follows:1.Consignee’s code or Consignor’s code2. Reference Number3.Destination4.Package numberThe shipping mark also include the contract number; gross and net weight; origin; etc..Indicative mark: 指示性标志This kind of mark is used to reminder the relative workers of the items for attention when they load; unload; carry and store the goods; such as ‘ handle with care’; ‘keep dry’ etc. Warning mark: 警告性标志It is also called dangerous cargo mark; which is brushed clearly and definitely on the shipping packing of the inflammable; explosive; poisonous; corrosive goods; so as to give warnings to the workers.Commodity InspectionThe inspection of commodities refers to that inspection institutions should examine the quality; quantity; packing; etc. of commodities delivered by the seller in order to make sure that the goods are exactly in conformity with the terms of sales contract or the stipulations of documentary credit.International Cargo TransportationThe international cargo transportation refers to the act of the seller delivering the contracted cargoes at the agreed time;place and in the agreed manners; to the buyer Physical delivery of goods. Actually; in modern business society; international cargo transportation also means to transfer the shipping documents at the stipulated time to the buyer Symbolic delivery of goods.TrampShipping by chartering 租船运输It means a freight-carrying vessel which has no regular route or schedule of sailings or port or freight. The shipper charters ship from the shipowner and uses it to carry the goods. It falls into3 kinds:Natural calamities自然灾害They are caused by the forces resulting from the changes of nature; e.g.; vile weather; thunder; lightning;tsunami/tsu'nɑ:mi/海啸; earthquake; flood; etc.Fortuitous accidents: 意外事故They include accidents resulting from unexpected causes; the carrying conveyance being grounded; stranded; or in collision with floating ice or other objects; as well as fire or explosion. Actual Total Loss: 实际全损It means that the insured subject matter is totally and irretrievably un-savable lost.Constructive Total Loss: 推定全损It is estimated that the actual total loss of cargo is inevitable or the cost of salvage or recovery could have exceed the value of the cargo.General Average: 共同海损It refers to a certain special sacrifice and extraexpense intentionally incurred for the general interests of the ship-owner; the insurer; and the owners of the various cargoes abroad the ship.When a ship is in danger; the captain must make a decision and one of shippers will suffer.In order to compensate the special sacrifice;all the others will club together to re-compensate him for loss.Particular average: 单独海损It means that a particular cargo is damaged by any cause and the degree of the damage does not reach a total loss; i.e.; onlya partial loss; which shall be borne by the owner of thisindividual consignment.水渍险All risks: 一切险Additional risks 附加险This kind of risk can’t be covered independently; They shall be underwritten depending on one kind of the basic risks.General additional risks 一般附加险Special additional risks 特殊附加险General Additional RisksIt includes theft; fresh and rain water damage; shortage;leakage; sweating and heating ;intermixture and contamination;odor; hook damage; breakage of packing; rusting; etc. Special additional risks includesIt includes war risk;strikes risk;failure to delivery;import duty risk;on deck risk;rejection risk and aflatoxin risk. Insurance Certificate 保险凭证It is a kind of simplified insurance policy; and the rights and obligations of two parties are omitted. But it has the same legal validity as the insurance policy.Bill of exchange 汇票A bill of exchange is an unconditional order in writing;addressed by one person to another; signed by the person giving it; requiring the person to whom it is addressed to pay on demand; or at a fixed or determinable further time;a sum certain in money to; or to the order of; a specifiedperson; or to any bearer.The drawer出票人The person who draws the bill of exchange and he is usually the exporter or his banker in import or export trade.The drawee付款人The person who is to pay the money and he is usually the importer or the appointed banker under a letter of credit in import and export trade.The payee 受款人The person who is to receive the money; he may be; and often is; the same person as the drawer and he is usually the exporter himself or his appointed banker in business or he may be the bearer of the bill.Drawing issuing 出票It means the act of the drawer in filling up the bill of exchange with particulars as to the name of the drawee; the amount payable; the date of payment and the name of the payee;and after signature; the drawer may present the bill to thedrawee through the medium of the payee or a banker. Presentation提示It refers to the act of the holder of the bill of exchange presenting the bill to the drawee; asking the later either to pay or to accept the bill. The drawee’s receiving or seeing the bill is called sight.Acceptance承兑It means the act of the drawee to show his responsibility by accepting the usance bill for payment at a fixed future date by writing the word “accepted”; marking the date of acceptance and signing on the face of the bill. Endorsement背书It may be a negotiable instrument; and may be transferable in the international money market. In the case of a “to order” bill of exchange; endorsement is needed in the procedure of negotiation or transfer by the payee by signing his name on the back of the bill; either blank endorsement which makes the bill payable to the bearer or holder; or full endorsement with the name of the transferee and his order; who is called the endorsee.Dishonour Protesting 拒付When a bill has been duly presented for acceptance orpayment and the acceptance or payment has been refused; the bill is said to be dishonored.Promissory Note: 本票A promissory note is an unconditional promise in writingmade by one person to another signed by the maker; engaging in paying; on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time;a sum certain in money to; or to a order of; a specified personor to a bearer.Classification of the promissory note 本票的分类A Promissory Note is classified into bank note andcommercial note. Bank note is issued by the bank; but commercial note is issued by the business unit or the individual.Cheque 支票A cheque is an unconditional order in writing drawn ona banker signed by the drawer; requiring the banker to pay ondemand a sum certain in money to or to the order of specified person or to a bearer.Remittance 汇付 The definition and parties of remittance 汇付的定义及其当事人Remittance means that the buyer remits money to the seller through a bank on his own initiative.Parties of remittanceRemitter汇款人Payee or beneficiary收款人Paying bank汇入行Remitting bank汇出行Mail transfer M/T:信汇The buyer gives money to a local bank which sends a trust deed契约for payment to its correspondent bank at the seller’s end by mail and entrusts it with the task to pay money to the seller.Telegraphic transfer T/T电汇At the request of the buyer; a local bank sends a trust deed for payment by cable or tested telegram directly to its corresp ondent bank at the seller’s end and en trusts the work to it to pay money to the seller.Demand draft D/D: 票汇The buyer buys a draft from a local bank and sends it by mail to the seller; the seller or his appointed person can collect money from the relative bank at his end against the draft sent by the buyer.Collection 托收Collection means that the exporter asks his bank toarrange for the acceptance or payment of the bill overseas;and the bank will carry his task through it’s own branch office abroad or a correspondent bank.Collection on Clean billIt means that the exporter collects the purchase price against the draft only; without any shipping documents attached thereto.Collection on documentary billIt means that the exporter collects the purchase price against the documentary bill. It can be subdivided into two kinds:Document against payment D/PD/P calls for actual payment against the transfer of shipping documents. There is D/P at sight and D/P after sigh .. D/P at sightAfter shipment of the goods; the exporter shall drawa sight bill of exchange; and send it as well as shippingdocuments to a local bank; through which and whose correspondent bank the documentary draft is presented to the importer. The importer shall pay against the documentary draft drawn by the seller at sight. It requires immediate payment by the importer to get hold of the documents.Documents against acceptance D/AIt calls for deliver of documents against acceptance of the draft drawn by the exporter.D/A is always after sight; and it makes the importer get hold of shipping documents and take delivery of the goods before payment. So the exporter would have to take great risks L/CIn simple terms; a L/C is a conditional bank undertaking or guarantee of payment.Expressed more carefully; it is a written undertaking by a bank given to the seller at the request and in accordance with the instructions of the buyer to effect payment up to a stated sum of money; within a prescribed time limit and against stipulated documents.Issuing bank开证行which is the bank receiving the application from the applicant to issue the L/C and will be responsible for payment.It is usually a bank at the place where t he importer’s premise is located.The negotiating bank议付行which is a bank ready to accept or discount the documentary bill drawn by the beneficiary under the L/C. The negotiating bankmay be the advising bank or another bank appointed to negotiate under the L/C.paying bank付款行which is a bank responsible for the payment specified in the L/C.It is usually the issuing bank or it may be another bankappointed by the issuing bank according to stipulation inthe L/C.Confirming bank保兑行which is the bank confirmed in the L/C at the request of the issuing bank.Revocable L/C: 可撤消信用证The opening bank may amend or revoke the credit before negotiation; acceptance or payment without agreement of the beneficiary.Irrevocable L/C: 不可撤消信用证Once the L/C is opened; without agreement of the beneficiary; the opening bank can’t amend or revoke the L/C within its validity. As long as the beneficiary provides the documents in accordance with the stipulation in the L/C; the opening bank shall perform its duty of paymentConfirmed L/C: 保兑信用证The confirmed L/C should be an irrevocable L/Cconfirmed by the confirming bank. Once an L/C is confirmed;there are two banks to be responsible for the payment of the purchase price; i.e.; the opening bank and the confirming bank.Unconfirmed L/C: 不可保兑信用证The L/C isn’t confirmed by any bank.Transferable L/C: 可转让信用证It allows the beneficiary to transfer the amount partly or wholly of the L/C to one or more than one parties; i.e.;the second beneficiary.Non-transferable L/C: 不可转让信用证The beneficiary can’t transfer the L/C to other parties.Acceptance L/C: 承兑信用证This kind of L/C is accepted by the bank. When the beneficiary presents the time draft to the bank; the bank will accept it and pay the price on the due date.Negotiation L/C: 议付信用证The opening bank invites other bank to buy draft and /or documents. This kind of L/C allows the beneficiary to negotiate the purchase price from an indicated bank or any bank.Back to back L/C:The exporter sends the L/C established by the importer in his favor to a bank as sole security; requiring the local bank to reopen an L/C in favor of the actual exporter. The L/C opened by the importer is called the original L/C; while the second L/C issued in favor of the actual exporter at the request of the exporter is called the subsidiary L/C. Anticipatory credit: 预支信用证It is called the packing credit. The opening bank allows the beneficiary to collect the purchase price against the draft or other evidence; but he must give a receipt and an undertaking to present the required shipping documents within the validity of the credit.Standby L/C: 备用信用证It is also called the commercial paper L/C; which is a guaranty issued by the opening bank on behalf of the applicant declaring that the bank will undertake certain obligations.It is a special L/C which Northern American countries usually use instead of a letter of guarantee. The roles assumed by the standby not only include making payment but also include guaranteeing to perform a contract; making repayment for loan;and fulfilling other agreed obligations.Letter of guarantee L/G: 银行保函It is a written document issued by the bank on behalf ofthe importer or exporter in favor of the latter or the formerguaranteeing to undertake payment; conclusion or performanceof a contract; etc.The definition of claim and satisfaction:Claim means that in international trade; one party breaks thecontract and cause losses to the other party directly orindirectly; the party suffering the losses may ask forcompensation for the losses. Satisfaction means that the partybreaking the contract declares that he will accept and handle the claim.Arbitration 仲裁It means that the two parties; before or after the disputesarise; reach a written agreement that they will submit thedisputes which can’t be settled through amicablenegotiations to the third party for arbitration.。

国际贸易实务——货物的交付

– 船方管卸不管装(F.I.—free in)
– 船方不管装和卸(F.I.O.—free in and out) – 船方不管装卸、理舱和平舱(F.I.O.S.T.—free in and out , stowed and trimmed)
• 如合同贸易术语为：
– CIF Ex Ship’s Hold New York
/ 已印就的
\ 加注的
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
--船名和航次(the name of vessel and the voyage number) -- 装运港和目的港 (port of shipment and port of
destination)；
三、交货方式
（一）运输方式
1、海洋运输
• 班轮运输与租船运输
（1）班轮运输
• 班轮（Regular Shipping Liner/Liner） ----又称定期船
• 班轮运输的特点
– 四定――定线、定港、定时和相对固定的运费费率；
– 一负责――船公司负责货物装和卸；
– 承运货物比较灵活；
（2）租船(Charter)运输
（二)目的港/地的规定
• 订一个
如：port of destination: New York (目的港：纽约);
• 订两个或两个以上
如： port of destination: Osaka/Kobe
(目的港：大阪/神户);
• 笼统订
如：European Main Ports(欧洲主要港口); Japanese Main Ports(日本主要港口);
A. 特点
– 四不定――没有固定的航线、固定的装卸港
口、固定的船期及固定的运价；

进出口贸易实务名词解释

国际贸易实务名词解释及答案第一章导论名词解释1．TradeTerms(贸易术语)2．DeliveryTerms(交货条件)3．《INCOTERMS2000》(2000年通则)4．《Warsaw—OxfordRulesl932》 (1932年华沙——牛津规则)参考答案1．TradeTerms：贸易术语，是在国际贸易中用来表明商品的价格构成，说明货物交接过程中有关的风险、责任和费用划分问题的专门用语。

例如，业务中常用的FOB、CIF和CFR等。

2．DeliveryTerms：交货条件，即卖方完成其交货义务的具体条件，其中主要包括交货的地点、风险转移的界限，以及卖方承担的各项义务如运输、保险、通关过境等。

3．《1NCOTERMS2000》：是《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》的英文缩写，简称(2000年通则)。

它是由国际商会制定的有关贸易术语的国际惯例。

最早的《通则》产生于1936年，后来经过多次修订，现行的<2000年通则)共包括13种贸易术语，即EXW、FCA、FAS、FOB、CFR、CIF、CPT、CIP、DAF、DES、DEQ、DDU和DDP。

4．《Warsaw—OxfordRulesl932》：即(1932年华沙一牛津规则)，它也是有关贸易术语的国际惯例之一。

该规则是国际法协会专门为解释CIF合同而制定的，它对CIF合同的性质、特点和双方当事人的权利、义务等，作出了较为详细具体的规定。

第二章货物的质量名词解释1．对等样品2．FAQ3．IS09000系列标准4．商品的品质5．样品6．凭样买卖7．对等样品8．规格细等。

9．等级10．标准11．品质机动幅度12．品质公差参考答案1．对等样品的含义是：当买卖双方采用凭样成交时，卖方为了减少交货时的风险可根据买方提供的样品，加工复制出一个类似的商品交买方确认，这种经确认后的样品，称为对等样品，也有的称其为确认样品或回样。

2．FAQ是FarAverageQuality的简称，它表示一定时期内某地出口货物的平均品质水平，习称“良好平均品质”，一般是指中等货或大路货而言。

国际贸易实务名词中英文对译(一)

精心整理合同的标的至货物的交付商品的名称name of commodity凭买方样品买卖sale by seller’s sample凭买方样品买卖sale by buyer’s sample凭文字说明买卖sale by description凭规格买卖sale by specification凭等级买卖sale by grade凭标准买卖sale by standard良好平均品质Fair Average Quality 或F.A.Q凭产地名称或凭地理标志买卖sale by name of origin , or sale by geographical indication凭说明书和图样买卖sale by description and illustrationQuality and technical data to be strictly in conformity with the description submitted by the seller净净重net net weight溢短装条款more or less clause散装货物bulk cargo , cargo in bulk运输包装transport packing大包装，外包装outer packing板条箱crate瓦楞纸箱corrugated carton纸箱carton漏孔箱skeleton case桶drum，cask空仓费dead freight滞期费demurrage单据买卖 a sale of documents 象征性交货symbolic delivery 单价unit price外汇保值条款exchange clause佣金commission经纪人middleman；broker代理人agent折扣discount迅速装运prompt shipment立即装运immediate shipment尽快装运shipment as soon as possible以获取舱位为准subject to shipping space available获得出口许可证为准subject to approval of export license分批装运shipment by installments转运transshipment班轮运输liner transport租船运输charter transport定程租船voyage charter ; trip charter货币贬值附加费currency adjustment factor CAF 超重附加费heavy lift additional超长附加费long length additional直航附加费direct additional转航附加费transshipment surcharge港口附加费port surcharge港口拥挤附加费port congestion surcharge 选择港附加费optional surcharge变更卸货港附加费alteration surcharge整船包价slump-sum fright指示提单order B/L直达提单direct B/L转船提单transshipment B/L联运提单through B/L班轮提单liner B/L正本提单original B/L副本提单copy B/L过期提单stale B/L甲板提单on deck B/L整箱货full container load, FCL自然灾害natural calamity意外事故fortuitous accidents 外来风险extraneous risks推定全损constructive total loss 共同海损general average单独海损particular average施救费用sue and labor expenses救助费用salvage charges平安险free from particular average, FPA水渍险with average, with particular average WA, WPA锈损险rust包装破裂险breakage of packing特殊附加险special additional risk战争险war risks罢工险strike risks黄曲霉素险aflatoxin交货不到险failure to delivery 舱面险on deck进口关税险import duty拒收险rejection。

国际贸易实务delivery and transportation of goods

Point for attention. • The words ―on or about‖: banks will interpret them as a stipulation that shipment is to be made during the period from five days before to five days after the specific date, both end days included. • shipment: on or about 10,May,2014.
Points for attention
i. Stipulate the port of shipment & destination of foreign countries. - The stipulation on the port of destination should be definite and specific. - As to the business with an inland country, we usually choose a port which is nearest to the country. - We should take into consideration the loading and unloading, and specific transportation conditions and the standard of freight and various charges.
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• the transport documents indicate with the same means of transport, the same voyage, and the same destination, the multiple shipments, even if so indicated with different date of shipment or different port of loading, supervision or place of shipment, would not be regarded as partial shipment at all. However, if all conditions are the same, even if the shipment of goods is made in many vessels, it constitutes a different means of transport and makes it a partial shipment. Obviously, in this case it is not a partial shipment.

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（一）Modes of Transport
Sea Land Air
Charter Liner Railway, train Roadway, truck Airline Ups, Fedex, DHL,EMS
Postal Parcel Transport
Combined Transport OCP Transport: Overland common point
The delivery of the goods means that the seller delivers the contract goods at the agreed time, place and in the agreed manners to the buyer. In international sales of goods, the delivery also means to transfer the necessary documents at the stipulated time to the buyer.
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Section One Methods of the Delivery
As to the methods of delivery in international practice, there are many methods to deliver the goods purchased, such as ocean transport, railway transport, air transport, river and lakes transport, postal transport, road transport, pipelines transport, land bridge transport and international multimode transport and so on. The buyer and seller can decide which methods will be the best for the goods to be transported according the goods characteristics, quantity, transit journey, value, time, the natural conditions and so on.
unit 7 Delivery of Goods
Modes of Transport Transport Documents Terms of Transport
Introduction
The delivery of goods, in international trade, is one the most important steps. This is because in international trade where an exporter and an importer are always far apart, the goods under the contract have to go a long distance and sometimes change several carriers in transit before they reach the importer. In an international business, it is one of the basic tasks for the exporter to deliver the goods to the buyer or carrier or agreed conveyance after the contract has been singed according to the stipulated time, place, and transport methods in the contract.
Land Bridge Transport
1 Ocean Transport
Ocean freight is the most widely used form of transportation in international trade as well as the most efficient form in terms of energy. It still has the attraction of being a cheap modes of transport for delivering large quantities of goods over long distance. Before a shipment is made, the exporter has to consider many different factors influencing his transport considerations such as cost, safety, speed and convenience.
1) Shipping by Chartering
It is also called tramp. A shipping by chartering is a freight-carrying vessel which has no regular route or fixed schedule of sailing. It is first in one trade and then in another, always seeking those ports where there is a demand at the moment for shipping space. The shipper charters the ship from the ship-owner and uses it to carry the goods.