1997年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语
1997年考研英语试题与答案解析
1997年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section II Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points)Manpower Inc., with 560,000 workers, is the world’s largest temporary employment agency. Every morning, its people 41into the offices and factories of America, seeking a day’s work for a day’s pay. One day at a time. 42 industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive 43 reducing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming.44 its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part-timers and temporary workers. This “45” work force is the most important 46in American business today, and it is 47 changing the relationship between people and their jobs. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive48 avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens 49 by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans. For workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of 50 that came from being a loyal employee.41. [A] swarm[B] stride[C] separate[D] slip42. [A] For[B] Because[C] As[D] Since43. [A] from[B] in[C] on[D] by44. [A] Even though[B] Now that[C] If only[D] Provided that45. [A] durable[B] disposable[C] available[D] transferable46. [A] approach[B] flow[C] fashion[D] trend47. [A] instantly[B] reversely[C] fundamentally[D] sufficiently48. [A] but[B] while[C] and[D] whereas49. [A] imposed[B] restricted[C] illustrated[D] confined50. [A] excitement[B] conviction[C] enthusiasm[D] importanceSection III Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (40 points)Text 1It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia’s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediatelyword flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group’s on-line service, Death NET. Says Hofsess: “We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn’t just something that happened in Australia. It’s world history.”The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia -- where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part -- other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death -- probably by a deadly injection or pill -- to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a “cooling off” period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. “I’m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but wh at I was afraid of was how I’d go, because I’ve watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks,” he says.51. From the second paragraph we learn that ________.[A] the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countries[B] physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasia[C] changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage of the law[D] it takes time to realize the significance of the law’s passage52. When the author says that observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling, hemeans ________.[A] observers are taking a wait-and-see attitude towards the future of euthanasia[B] similar bills are likely to be passed in the US, Canada and other countries[C] observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoes[D] the effect-taking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop53. When Lloyd Nickson dies, he will ________.[A] face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasia[B] experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient[C] have an intense fear of terrible suffering[D] undergo a cooling off period of seven days54. The author’s attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of ________.[A] opposition[B] suspicion[C] approval[D] indifferenceText 2A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world.The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didn’t take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation.Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. “I wa s just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner -- amazing.” Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to “translate” cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word “friend,” the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor’s language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.55. In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, ________.[A] rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the US[B] small-minded officials deserve a serious comment[C] Canadians are not so friendly as their neighbors[D] most Americans are ready to offer help56. It could be inferred from the last paragraph that ________.[A] culture exercises an influence over social interrelationship[B] courteous convention and individual interest are interrelated[C] various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friends[D] social interrelationships equal the complex set of cultural conventions57. Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers ________.[A] to improve their hard life[B] in view of their long-distance travel[C] to add some flavor to their own daily life[D] out of a charitable impulse58. The tradition of hospitality to strangers ________.[A] tends to be superficial and artificial[B] is generally well kept up in the United States[C] is always understood properly[D] has something to do with the busy tourist trailsText 3Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioningis a drug. Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts. They don’t realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. This is why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists. The phrase “substance abuse” is often used instead of “drug abuse” to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses? First of all, most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions. Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants, depressants, or hallucinogens. Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system, whereas depressants slow it down. Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations. These are the substances often called psychedelic (from the Greek word meaning “mind-manifesting”) because they seemed to radically alter one’s state of consciousness.59. “Substance abuse” (Line 5, Paragraph 1) is preferable to “drug abuse” in that________.[A] substances can alter our bodily or mental functioning if illegally used[B] “drug abuse” is only related to a limited number of drug takers[C] alcohol and tobacco are as fatal as heroin and cocaine[D] many substances other than heroin or cocaine can also be poisonous60. T he word “pervasive” (Line 1, Paragraph 2) might mean ________.[A] widespread[B] overwhelming[C] piercing[D] fashionable61. Physical dependence on certain substances results from ________.[A] uncontrolled consumption of them over long periods of time[B] exclusive use of them for social purposes[C] quantitative application of them to the treatment of diseases[D] careless employment of them for unpleasant symptoms62. From the last paragraph we can infer that ________.[A] stimulants function positively on the mind[B] hallucinogens are in themselves harmful to health[C] depressants are the worst type of psychoactive substances[D] the three types of psychoactive substances are commonly used in groupsText 4No company likes to be told it is contribut ing to the moral decline of a nation. “Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?” Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. “You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?” At Time Warner, however, such questions are simply thelatest manifestation of the soul-searching that has involved the company ever since the company was born in 1990. It’s a self-examination that has, at various times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line.At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Ross in 1992. On the financial front, Levin is under pressure to raise the stock price and reduce the company’s mountain ous debt, which will increase to $ billion after two new cable deals close. He has promised to sell off some of the property and restructure the company, but investors are waiting impatiently.The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him. Levin has consistently defended the company’s rap music on the grounds of expression. In 1992, when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice-T’s violent rap song Cop Killer, Levin described rap as a lawful expression of street culture, which deserves an outl et. “The test of any democratic society,” he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, “lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We won’t retreat in the face of any threats.”Levin would not comment on the debate last week, but there were signs that the chairman was backing off his hard-line stand, at least to some extent. During the discussion of rock sin ging verses at last month’s stockholders’ meeting, Levin asserted that “music is not the cause of society’s ills” and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students. But he talked as well about the “balanced struggle” between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music.The 15-member Time Warner board is generally supportive of Levin and his corporate strategy. But insiders say several of them have shown their concerns in this matter. “Some of us have known for many, many years that the freedoms under the First Amendment are not totally unlimited,” says Luce. “I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated with the company have only recently come to realize this.”63. Senator Robert Dole criticized Time Warner for ________.[A] its raising of the corporate stock price[B] its self-examination of soul[C] its neglect of social responsibility[D] its emphasis on creative freedom64. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?[A] Luce is a spokesman of Time Warner.[B] Gerald Levin is liable to compromise.[C] Time Warner is united as one in the face of the debate.[D] Steve Ross is no longer alive.65. In face of the recent attacks on the company, the chairman ________.[A] stuck to a strong stand to defend freedom of expression[B] softened his tone and adopted some new policy[C] changed his attitude and yielded to objection[D] received more support from the 15-member board66. The best title for this passage could be ________.[A] A Company under Fire[B] A Debate on Moral Decline[C] A Lawful Outlet of Street Culture[D] A Form of Creative FreedomText 5Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as “steering the economy to a soft landing” or “a touch on the brakes,” makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain. And there are long, variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy. Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear-view mirror and a faulty steering wheel.Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about of late. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere % last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to % this July. This is a long way below the double-digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 1980s.It is also less than most forecasters had predicted. In late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each mont h said that America’s inflation rate would average % in 1995. In fact, it fell to % in August, and is expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year. This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America’s, have little productive slack. America’s capacity utilization, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate % in August) has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment -- the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past.Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.67. From the passage we learn that ________.[A] there is a definite relationship between inflation and interest rates[B] economy will always follow certain models[C] the economic situation is better than expected[D] economists had foreseen the present economic situation68. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?[A] Making monetary policies is comparable to driving a car[B] An extremely low jobless rate will lead to inflation[C] A high unemployment rate will result from inflation[D] Interest rates have an immediate effect on the economy69. The sentence “This is no flash in the pan” (Line5, Paragraph 3) means that ________.[A] the low inflation rate will last for some time[B] the inflation rate will soon rise[C] the inflation will disappear quickly[D] there is no inflation at present70. The passage shows that the author is ________ the present situation.[A] critical of[B] puzzled by[C] disappointed at[D] amazed atSection IV English-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points) Do animals have rights? This is how the question is usually put. It sounds like a useful, ground-clearing way to start. 71) Actually, it isn’t, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none. 72) Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. Therefore, animals cannot have rights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd, for exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights. However, this is only one account, and by no means an uncontested one. It denies rights not only to animals but also to some people -- for instance, to infants, the mentally incapable and future generations. In addition, it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented to it: how do you reply to somebody who sa ys “I don’t like this contract”?The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless. 73) It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. This is a false choice. Better to start with another, more fundamental, question: is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all?Many deny it. 74) Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake -- a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans.This view, which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely “logical.” In fact it is simply shallow: the confused center is right to reject it. The most elementary form of moral reasoning -- the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl -- is to weigh others’ interests against one’s own. This in turn requires sympathy and imagination: without which there is no capacity for moral thought. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy. 75) When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind’s instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.1997年考研英语真题答案71. 事实并非如此, 因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为基础的, 而这种共同认识并不存在。
1997年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国卷理科
1997年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试（全国卷）化学第I卷一、选择题(本题包括5小题,每小题3分,共15分．每小题只有一个选项符合题意．)1．19世纪中叶,门捷列夫的突出贡献是A．提出原子学说B．发现元素周期律C．提出分子学说D．发现氧气2．下列各组微粒中,核外电子总数相等的是A．K+和Na+ B．CO2和NO2C．CO和CO2 D．N2和CO3．将某溶液逐滴加入Fe(OH)3溶胶内,开始时产生沉淀,继续滴加时沉淀又溶解,该溶液是A．2 mol·L-1H2SO4溶液B．2 mol·L-1NaOH溶液C．2 mol·L-1MgSO4溶液D．硅酸溶胶4．已知酸性大小:羧酸>碳酸>酚．下列含溴化合物中的溴原子,在适当条件下都能被羟基(-OH)取代(均可称为水解反应),所得产物能跟NaHCO3溶液反应的是5．钢铁发生吸氧腐蚀时,正极上发生的电极反应是A．2H++2e- =H2 B．Fe2++2e- =FeC．2H2O+O2+4e-=4OH- D．Fe3++e-=Fe2+二、选择题(本题包括15小题,每小题3分,共45分．每小题有一个或两个选项符合题意．若正确答案只包括一个选项,多选时,该题为0分;若正确答案包括两个选项,只选一个且正确的给1分,选两个且都正确的给3分,但只要选错一个,该小题就为0分．)6．甲基丙烯酸甲酯是世界上年产量超过100万吨的高分子单体,旧法合成的反应是: (CH3)2C＝O+HCN-→(CH3)2C(OH)CN(CH3)2C(OH)CN+CH3OH+H2SO4-→CH2＝C(CH3)COOCH3+NH4HSO490年代新法的反应是:与旧法比较,新法的优点是A．原料无爆炸危险B．原料都是无毒物质C．没有副产物,原料利用率高D．对设备腐蚀性较小7．下列叙述中,正确的是A．含金属元素的离子不一定都是阳离子B．在氧化还原反应中,非金属单质一定是氧化剂C．某元素从化合态变为游离态时,该元素一定被还原D．金属阳离子被还原不一定得到金属单质8．某溶液含有较多的Na2SO4和少量的Fe2(SO4)3．若用该溶液制取芒硝,可供选择的操作有:①加适量H2SO4溶液,②加金属Na,③结晶,④加过量NaOH溶液,⑤加强热脱结晶水,⑥过滤．正确的操作步骤是A．②⑥③B．④⑥①③C．④⑥③⑤D．②⑥①③⑤9．下列各组离子,在强碱性溶液中可以大量共存的是10．已知铍(Be)的原子序数为4．下列对铍及其化合物的叙述中,正确的是A．铍的原子半径大于硼的原子半径B．氯化铍分子中铍原子的最外层电子数是8C．氢氧化铍的碱性比氢氧化钙的弱D．单质铍跟冷水反应产生氢气11．分别取等质量80℃的甲、乙两种化合物的饱和溶液,降温至20℃后,所析出的甲的质量比乙的大(甲和乙均无结晶水)．下列关于甲、乙溶解度的叙述中肯定正确的是A．20℃时,乙的溶解度比甲的大B．80℃时,甲的溶解度比乙的大C．温度对乙的溶解度影响较大D．温度对甲的溶解度影响较大12．下列反应的离子方程式正确的是A．氨气通入醋酸溶液中CH3COOH+NH3＝CH3COONH4B．澄清的石灰水跟盐酸反应H++OH-＝H2OC．碳酸钡溶于醋酸BaCO3+2H+＝Ba2++H2O+CO2↑D．金属钠跟水反应2Na+2H2O＝2Na++2OH-+H2↑13．向50mL 18 mol·L-1H2SO4溶液中加入足量的铜片并加热．充分反应后,被还原的H2SO4的物质的量A．小于0．45 mol B．等于0．45 molC．在0．45 mol和0．90 mol之间D．大于0．90 mol14．0．1 mol·L-1NaOH和0．1 mol·L-1NH4Cl溶液等体积混合后,离子浓度大小正确的次序是A．[Na+]>[Cl-]>[OH-]>[H+] B．[Na+]=[Cl-]>[OH-]>[H+]C．[Na+]=[Cl-]>[H+]>[OH-] D．[Cl-]>[Na+]>[OH-]>[H+]15．下列说法正确的是(N0表示阿伏加德罗常数的值)A．在常温常压下,11．2 L N2含有的分子数为0．5N0B．在常温常压下,1 mol Ne含有的原子数为N0C．71 g Cl2所含原子数为2N0D．在同温同压时,相同体积的任何气体单质所含的原子数相同16．CaC2和MgC2都是离子化合物．下列叙述中正确的是17．将0．1 mol下列物质置于1 L水中充分搅拌后,溶液中阴离子数最多的是A．KCl B．Mg(OH)2 C．Na2CO3 D．MgSO418．在室温下等体积的酸和碱的溶液,混合后pH值一定小于7的是A．pH=3的硝酸跟pH=11的氢氧化钾溶液B．pH=3的盐酸跟pH=11的氨水C．pH=3的硫酸跟pH=11的氢氧化钠溶液D．pH=3的醋酸跟pH=11的氢氧化钡溶液P2)下,产物Z的物质的量(n z)与反应时间(t)的关系如图所示．下列判断正确的是A．T1<T2,P1<P2 B．T1<T2,P1>P2C．T1>T2,P1>P2 D．T1>T2,P1<P220．两种气态烃以任意比例混合,在105℃时1 L该混合烃与9 L氧气混合,充分燃烧后恢复到原状态,所得气体体积仍是10 L．下列各组混合烃中不符合此条件的是A．CH4 C2H4 B．CH4 C3H6 C．C2H4 C3H4 D．C2H2 C3H6三、选择题(本题包括6小题,每小题4分,共24分．每小题只有一个项符合题意．)21．为实现中国2000年消除碘缺乏病的目标,卫生部规定食盐必须加碘,其中的碘以碘酸钾(KIO3)形式存在．已知在溶液中IO3-可和I-发生反应:物质进行实验,证明在食盐中存在IO3-．可供选用的物质有:①自来水,②蓝色石蕊试纸,③碘化钾淀粉试纸,④淀粉,⑤食糖,⑥食醋,⑦白酒．进行上述实验时必须使用的物质是A．①③B．③⑥C．②④⑥D．①②④⑤⑦22．密度为0．91 g·cm-3的氨水,质量百分比浓度为25%(即质量分数为0．25),该氨水用等体积的水稀释后,所得溶液的质量百分比浓度A．等于12．5% B．大于12．5% C．小于12．5% D．无法确定23．若室温时pH=a的氨水与pH=b的盐酸等体积混合,恰好完全反应,则该氨水的电离度可表示为A．10(a+b-12)% B．10(a+b-14)% C．10(12-a-b)% D．10(14-a-b)%24．某金属单质跟一定浓度的硝酸反应,假定只产生单一的还原产物．当参加反应的单质与被还原硝酸的物质的量之比为2:1时,还原产物是A．NO2 B．NO C．N2O D．N225．X、Y、Z和R分别代表四种元素．如果aX m+、bY n+、cZ n-、dR m-四种离子的电子层结构相同(a、b、c、d为元素的原子序数),则下列关系正确的是A．a-c=m-n B．a-b=n-m C．c-d=m+n D．b-d=n+m26．一定量的乙醇在氧气不足的情况下燃烧,得到CO、CO2和水的总质量为27．6 g,若其中水的质量为10．8 g,则CO的质量是A．1．4 g B．2．2 g C．4．4 g D．在2．2 g和4．4 g之间第Ⅱ卷四、(本题包括2小题,共14分)27．(4分)进行化学实验必须注意安全,下列说法正确的是(填写标号)_______．A．不慎将酸溅到眼中,应立即用水冲洗,边洗边眨眼睛B．不慎将浓碱溶液沾到皮肤上,要立即用大量水冲洗,然后涂上硼酸溶液C．如果苯酚浓溶液沾到皮肤上,应立即用酒精洗D．配制硫酸溶液时,可先在量筒中加入一定体积的水,再在搅拌下慢慢加入浓硫酸28．(10分)1,2 - 二溴乙烷可作汽油抗爆剂的添加剂,常温下它是无色液体,密度2．18 g·cm-3,沸点131．4℃,熔点9．79℃,不溶于水,易溶于醇、醚、丙酮等有机溶剂．在实验室中可以用下图所示装置制备1,2- 二溴乙烷．其中分液漏斗和烧瓶a中装有乙醇和浓硫酸的混合液,试管d中装有液溴(表面覆盖少量水)．填写下列空白:(1)写出本题中制备1,2-二溴乙烷的两个化学反应方程式．_____________________________________________________________________________________________________(2)安全瓶b可以防止倒吸,并可以检查实验进行时试管d是否发生堵塞．请写出发生堵塞时瓶b中的现象．_________________________________．(3)容器c中NaOH溶液的作用是:__________________________________．(4)某学生在做此实验时,使用一定量的液溴,当溴全部褪色时,所消耗乙醇和浓硫酸混合液的量,比正常情况下超过许多．如果装置的气密性没有问题,试分析其可能的原因．___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________五、(本题包括3小题,共17分)29．(5分)(1)向NaHSO4溶液中,逐滴加入Ba(OH)2溶液至中性,请写出发生反应的离子方程式:____________________________________________．(2)在以上中性溶液中,继续滴加Ba(OH)2溶液,请写出此步反应的离子方程式:________________________________________________________．30．(5分)试样X由氧化亚铁和氧化铜组成．取质量相等的两份试样按下图所示进行实验:(1)请写出步骤③中所发生的全部反应的离子方程式．(2)若全部的溶液Y和全部的粉末Z充分反应后,生成的不溶物W的质量是m,则每份试样X中氧化铜的质量为_____________．(用m表示)31．(7分)某无色溶液可能含有下列钠盐中的几种:A．氯化钠B．硫化钠C．亚硫酸钠D．硫代硫酸钠E．硫酸钠F．碳酸钠．向此溶液中加入适量稀硫酸,有浅黄色的沉淀析出,同时有气体产生．此气体有臭鸡蛋气味,可使澄清的石灰水变浑浊,不能使品红试液褪色．根据上述实验现象回答下列问题．(1)不能使品红试液褪色,说明该气体中不含____________(填分子式)．(2)此无色溶液中至少存在哪几种钠盐?请写出全部可能的情况(填写相应的字母)．第一种情况是____________,第二种情况是____________,第三种情况是____________,第四种情况是____________．(可不填满,也可补充)六、(本题包括3小题,共17分)32．(4分)有机化学中取代反应范畴很广．下列6个反应中,属于取代反应范畴的是(填写相应的字母)_______________________．33．(6分)通常情况下,多个羟基连在同一个碳原子上的分子结构是不稳定的,容易自动失水,生成碳氧双键的结构:下面是9个化合物的转变关系(1)化合物①是__________________,它跟氯气发生反应的条件A是__________________．(2)化合物⑤跟⑦可在酸的催化下去水生成化合物⑨,⑨的结构简式是__________________,名称是__________________．(3)化合物⑨是重要的定香剂,香料工业上常用化合物②和⑧直接合成它．此反应的化学方程式是____________________________________________________．34．(7分)A、B都是芳香族化合物,1 mol A水解得到1 mol B和1 mol醋酸．A、B的分子量都不超过200,完全燃烧都只生成CO2和H2O．且B分子中碳和氢元素总的质量百分含量为65．2%(即质量分数为0．652)．A溶液具有酸性,不能使FeCl3溶液显色．(1)A、B分子量之差为_______________．(2)1个B分子中应该有_______________个氧原子．(3)A的分子式是_______________．(4)B可能的三种结构简式是:_______________、_______________、_______________．七、(本题包括2小题,共18分)35．(6分)将8．8 g FeS固体置于200 mL 2．0 mol·L-1的盐酸中,以制备H2S气体．反应完全后,若溶液中H2S的浓度为0．10 mol·L-1,假定溶液体积不变,试计算:(1)收集到的H2S气体的体积(标准状况)．(2)溶液中Fe2+和H+的物质的量浓度(摩尔浓度)．36．(12分)1996年诺贝化学奖授予对发现C60有重大贡献的三位科学家．C60分子是形如球状的多面体(如图),该结构的建立基于以下考虑:①C60分子中每个碳原子只跟相邻的3个碳原子形成化学键;②C60分子只含有五边形和六边形;③多面体的顶点数、面数和棱边数的关系,遵循欧拉定理:据上所述,可推知C60分子有12个五边形和20个六边形,C60分子所含的双键数为30．请回答下列问题:(1)固体C60与金刚石相比较,熔点较高者应是____________,理由是:_________________________________________________________．(2)试估计C60跟F2在一定条件下,能否发生反应生成C60F60(填“可能”或“不可能”)_________________________,并简述其理由：________________________________________________________．(3)通过计算,确定C60分子所含单键数．C60分子所含单键数为_______________．(4)C70分子也已制得,它的分子结构模型可以与C60同样考虑而推知．通过计算确定C70分子中五边形和六边形的数目．C70分子中所含五边形数为____________,六边形数为_________．。
1997年全国各地高考英语试题汇总英语试题及参考答案
C.first playedD.to be first playing
18.If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to leave a.
A.messageB.letter
C.goingD.having gone
13.Wait till you are more.It's better to be sure than sorry.
A.inspiredB.satisfied
C.calmC.certain
14.I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with .
D.Oh, no.That'll be too much trouble
16.- Is this raincoat yours?
- No,minethere behind the door.
A.is hangingB.has hung
C.hangsD.hung
17.The Olympic Games,in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.
A.everythingB.anything
C.somethingD.nothing
15.- I'd like to invite you to dinner this Saturday, Mr Smith.
-.
A.Oh, no.Let's not
B.I'd rather stay at home
1997年全国高考英语试题及答案
1997年全国高考英语试题及答案Ⅰ.单项填空（共25小题，每小题1分；满分25分）A)从A、B、C、D中找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项。
例：have A. gave B. save C. hat D. made 答案是C.1. motor A. opposite B. ocean C. oppress D. object2. theory A. diary B. pioneer C. therefore D. really3. oxygen A. geography B. degree C. recognise D. sugar4. canal A. important B. liberation C. majority D. national5. medicine A. except B. record C. increase D. physics<% if Request.Cookies("member") = "True" then %> B)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
例：We last night, but we went to the concert instead.A. must have studiedB. might studyC. should have studiedD. would study 答案是C.6. It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever7. — Have you seen pen? I left it here this morning.—Is it black one? I think I saw it somewhere.A. a; theB. the; theC. the; aD. a; a8. - Do you think I could borrow your dictionary?- ________A. Yes, you may borrowB. Yes, you couldC. Yes, help yourselfD. Yes, go on9. She his number in the phone book to make sure that she had got it right.A. looked upB. looked forC. picked outD. picked up10. I first met Lisa three years ago. She at a radio shop at the time.A. has workedB. was workingC. had been workingD. had worked11. The train leaves at 6:00 pm. So I have to be at the station 5:40 pm at the latest.A.untilB.afterC.byD.around12. I would love to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having gone13. Wait till you are more . It's better to be sure than sorry.A. inspiredB. satisfiedC. calm C. certain14. I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with .A. everythingB. anythingC. somethingD. nothing15. - I'd like to invite you to dinner this Saturday, Mr Smith.- ________A. Oh, no. Let's notB. I'd rather stay at homeC. I'm very sorry, but I have other plansD. Oh, no. That'll be too much trouble16. - Is this raincoat yours? - No,mine there behind the door.A. is hangingB. has hungC. hangsD. hung17. The Olympic Games, in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.A. first playingB. to be first playedC. first playedD. to be first playing18. If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to leave a .A. messageB. letterC. sentenceD. notice19. - Who is Jerry Cooper?- ? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.A. Don't you meet him yetB. Hadn't you met him yetC. Didn't you meet him yetD. Haven't you met him yet20. After the war, a new school building was put up there had once been a theatre.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when21.Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.A. However late is heB. However he is lateC. However is he lateD. However late he is22. - Alice, why didn't you come yesterday?- I , but I had an unexpected visitor.A. hadB. wouldC. was going toD. did23. Sarah has read lots of stories by American writers. Now she would like to read storiesby writers from countries.A. some; anyB. other; someC. some; otherD. other; other24. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone get out.A. had toB. wouldC. couldD. was able to25. It was about 600 years ago the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.A. thatB. until c. before D. whenⅡ.完形填空（共25小题，每小题1分；满分25分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从26～50各题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。
1997年全国高考英语试题及答案
1997年全国高考英语试题及答案Ⅰ.单项填空(共25小题，每小题1分；满分25分）A）从A、B、C、D中找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项。
例：have A. gave B。
save C。
hat D. made 答案是C.1. motor A. opposite B。
ocean C。
oppress D. object2. theory A. diary B。
pioneer C. therefore D. really3。
oxygen A. geography B. degree C。
recognise D. sugar4. canal A. important B. liberation C。
majority D. national5. medicine A。
except B. record C。
increase D。
physics<％if Request.Cookies（”member”) = ”True" then %> B)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
例：We last night，but we went to the concert instead.A. must have studied B。
might study C. should have studied D。
would study 答案是C。
6. It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants。
A。
however B。
whatever C. whichever D. whenever7。
- Have you seen pen? I left it here this morning。
—Is it black one？I think I saw it somewhere。
A。
a；the B。
历年高考英语书面表达汇总
历年高考书面表达汇总1991年普通高等学校招生全国英语统一考试书面表达试题上海出版一份“学生英文报”，对象是我国的学生。
请用英语为该报写一段人物介绍，介绍少年体育明星孙淑伟。
内容要点如下：1. 简况：孙淑伟(Sun Shuwei),男，14岁，广东(Guangdong)人2. 训练项目：跳水(diving)3. 取得成绩：第十一届亚运会冠军，第六届世界游泳锦标赛冠军(亚运会：the Asian Games 冠军：champion 游泳锦标赛：swimming champi on ships) 4. 其他情况：从小就喜欢游泳，8岁进广东省跳水队；在学校里认真学习，在跳水队里认真训练，13岁进入国家队；一年后(1990袴得第十一届亚运会金牌；今年年初获第六届世界游泳锦标赛冠军、I .注息：1. 要有标题。
2. 介绍须包括所有内容要点，但不要逐条译成英语。
3. 介绍的长度为80-120个词。
One possible version:Sun Shuwei—A World Champion in DivingSun Shuwei, a world champion in diving, is a boy of 14 from Guangdong. He loved swimming when he was a small boy and at eight he became a member of the diving team in Guangdong Province. He studied hard at school and trained hard for five years before he came to the national team. A year later in 1990, he won a gold medal at the 11th Asia n Games a nd became a world champi on at the 6th World Swimming Champi on ships early this year.1992年普通高等学校招生全国英语统一考试书面表达试题下列六幅画描述了你5月31日那天的活动。
1997年高考英语试卷
1997年高考英语试卷1. 分值: 第I卷（100分）Ⅰ. 听力（20分）A.听小对话，回答问题。
（2分每小题1分）1. When will the speakers go to the movie?2. What is the boy going to learn next term?B. 听长对话，回答问题。
（2分每小题1分）3. What does the woman want to do?4. What does the man think of the movie?C. 听独白，回答问题。
（2分每小题1分）5. What's John's favorite subject?6. Why does John like history?Ⅱ. 词汇与语法（共20分）7. I ______ him since I started working here.8. The place ______ he has been living is beautiful.9. _______ to see you, Mary!10. A lot of foreigners _______ football on the playground now.11. Mary is sitting _______。
12. There are a lot of kinds of tea _______ the supermarket.13. My father asked who _______ our bags.14. The toy is _______ expensive for me to buy.15. In the examination he was in a _______.16. Is there _______ in today's newspaper?17. I _______ Mary's help at present.18. The government _______ to solve the unemployment problem in the country.19. He didn't know _______ with the stone.20. You can't finish the work within a day _______ much time you have.Ⅲ. 完形填空 (共20分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后面各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1997年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
1997年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试物理本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分,第Ⅰ卷1至3页,第Ⅱ卷4至11页,共150分,考试时间120分钟.第Ⅰ卷(选择题共60分)注意事项:1.答第Ⅰ卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上.2.每小题选出答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑.如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案.不能答在试题卷上.3.考试结束,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.一.本题共5小题;每小题3分,共15分.在每小题给出的四个选项中只有一项是正确的.1.在卢瑟福的a粒子散射实验中,有少数a粒子发生大角度偏转,其原因是(A)原子的正电荷和绝大部分质量集中在一个很小的核上(B)正电荷在原子中是均匀分布的(C)原子中存在着带负电的电子(D)原子只能处于一系列不连续的能量状态中2.质量为m的钢球自高处落下,以速率v1碰地,竖直向上弹回,碰撞时间极短,离地的速率为v2.在碰撞过程中,地面对钢球的冲量的方向和大小为(A)向下,m(v1-v2)(B)向下,m(v1+v2)(C)向上,m(v1-v2)(D)向上,m(v1+v2)3.质量为M的木块位于粗糙水平桌面上,若用大小为F的水平恒力拉木块,其加速度为a.当拉力方向不变,大小变为2F时,木块的加速度为a＇,则(A)a＇=a(B)a＇<2a(C)a＇>2a(D)a＇=2a4.(1)、(2)两电路中,当a、b两端与e、f两端分别加上220伏的交流电压时,测得c、d间与g、h间的电压均为110伏.若分别在c、d两端与g、h两端加上110伏的交流电压,则a、b间与e、f间的电压分别为(A)220伏,220伏(B)220伏,110伏(C)110伏,110伏(D)220伏,05.在双缝干涉实验中,以白光为光源,在屏幕上观察到了彩色干涉条纹,若在双缝中的一缝前放一红色滤光片(只能透过红光),另一缝前放一绿色滤光片(只能透过绿光),这时(A)只有红色和绿色的双缝干涉条纹,其它颜色的双缝干涉条纹消失(B)红色和绿色的双缝干涉条纹消失,其它颜色的双缝干涉条纹依然存在(C)任何颜色的双缝干涉条纹都不存在,但屏上仍有光亮(D)屏上无任何光亮二.本题共9小题;每小题5分,共45分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,有的小题只有一个选项正确,有的小题有多个选项正确.全部选对的得5分,选不全的得2分,有选错或不答的得0分.6.在下列核反应方程中,x代表质子的方程是7.光线在玻璃和空气的分界面上发生全反射的条件是(A)光从玻璃射到分界面上,入射角足够小(B)光从玻璃射到分界面上,入射角足够大(C)光从空气射到分界面上,入射角足够小(D)光从空气射到分界面上,入射角足够大8.在下列叙述中,正确的是(A)物体的温度越高,分子热运动越剧烈,分子平均动能越大(B)布朗运动就是液体分子的热运动(C)对一定质量的气体加热,其内能一定增加(D)分子间的距离r存在某一值r0,当r<r0时,斥力大于引力,当r>r0时,斥力小于引力9.图中重物的质量为m,轻细线AO和BO的A、B端是固定的.平衡时AO是水平的,BO与水平面的夹角为θ.AO的拉力F1和BO的拉力F2的大小是10.为了增大LC振荡电路的固有频率,下列办法中可采取的是(A)增大电容器两极板的正对面积并在线圈中放入铁芯(B)减小电容器两极板的距离并增加线圈的匝数(C)减小电容器两极板的距离并在线圈中放入铁芯(D)减小电容器两极板的正对面积并减少线圈的匝数11.简谐横波某时刻的波形图线如图所示.由此图可知(A)若质点a向下运动,则波是从左向右传播的(B)若质点b向上运动,则波是从左向右传播的(C)若波从右向左传播,则质点c向下运动(D)若波从右向左传播,则质点d向上运动12.如图所示的电路中,电源的电动势恒定,要想使灯泡变暗,可以(A)增大R1(B)减小R1(C)增大R2(D)减小R213.如图所示的电路中,A1和A2是完全相同的灯泡,线圈L的电阻可以忽略.下列说法中正确的是(A)合上开关K接通电路时,A2先亮,A1后亮,最后一样亮(B)合上开关K接通电路时,A1和A2始终一样亮(C)断开开关K切断电路时,A2立刻熄灭,A1过一会儿才熄灭(D)断开开关K切断电路时,A1和A2都要过一会儿才熄灭14.在图示电路的三根导线中,有一根是断的,电源、电阻器R1、R2及另外两根导线都是好的.为了查出断导线,某学生想先将万用表的红表笔连接在电源的正极a,再将黑表笔分别连接在电阻器R1的b端和R2的c端,并观察万用表指针的示数.在下列选挡中,符合操作规程的是(A)直流10V挡(B)直流0.5A挡(C)直流2.5V挡(D)欧姆挡第Ⅱ卷(非选择题共90分)注意事项:1.第Ⅱ卷共8页,用钢笔或圆珠笔直接答在试题卷中(除题目有特殊规定外).2.答卷前将密封线内的项目填写清楚.三.本题共3小题;其中第15题5分,其余的每题6分,共17分.把答案填在题中的横线上或按题目要求作图.15.一游标卡尺的主尺最小分度为1毫米,游标上有10个小等分间隔,现用此卡尺来测量工件的直径,如图所示.该工件的直径为_____________毫米.16.下列给出的器材中,哪些是"验证玻一马定律实验"所必需的,把这些器材前面的字母填在横线上.A.带有刻度的注射器B.刻度尺C.弹簧秤D.钩码若干个答:_____________.实验读数过程中,不能用手握住注射器,这是为了________________.用橡皮帽封住注射器小孔,这是为了___________________________. 17.某电压表的内阻在20千欧～50千欧之间,现要测量其内阻,实验室提供下列可选用的器材:待测电压表V(量程3V)电流表A1(量程200μA )电流表A2(量程5mA)电流表A3(量程0.6A)滑动变阻器R(最大阻值1KΩ)电源ε(电动势4V)电键K.(1)所提供的电流表中,应选用_______________________(填写字母代号).(2)为了尽量减小误差,要求测多组数据.试在方框中画出符合要求的实验电路图(其中电源和电键及其连线已画出).四.本题共4小题;每小题5分,共20分.把答案填在题中横线上.18.如图,在x轴的上方(y≥0)存在着垂直于纸面向外的匀强磁场,磁感应强度为B.在原点O有一个离子源向x轴上方的各个方向发射出质量为m、电量为q的正离子,速率都为v.对那些在xy平面内运动的离子,在磁场中可能到达的最大x=________________,最大y=________________.19.质量为m、电量为q的质点,在静电力作用下以恒定速率v沿圆弧从A点运动到B点,其速度方向改变的角度为θ(弧度),AB弧长为s.则A,B两点间的电势差U A-U B=________________,AB弧中点的场强大小E=________________. 20.已知地球半径约为6.4×106米,又知月球绕地球的运动可近似看作匀速圆周运动,则可估算出月球到地心的距离约为________________米.(结果只保留一位有效数字)21.一内壁光滑的环形细圆管,位于竖直平面内,环的半径为R(比细管的半径大得多).在圆管中有两个直径与细管内径相同的小球(可视为质点).A球的质量为m1,B球的质量为m2.它们沿环形圆管顺时针运动,经过最低点时的速度都为v0.设A球运动到最低点时,B球恰好运动到最高点,若要此时两球作用于圆管的合力为零,那么m1,m2,R与v0应满足的关系式是_________________________.五.本题共5小题,53分.解答应写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要演算步骤.只写出最后答案的不能得分.有数值计算的题,答案中必须明确写出数值和单位.22.(9分)有一个焦距为36厘米的凸透镜,在主轴上垂直放置一支蜡烛,得到一个放大率为4的虚像.如果想得到放大率为4的实像,蜡烛应向哪个方向移动?移动多少?23.(9分)图中竖直圆筒是固定不动的,粗筒横截面积是细筒的4倍,细筒足够长.粗筒中A、B两轻质活塞间封有空气,气柱长l=20厘米.活塞A上方的水银深H=10厘米,两活塞与筒壁间的摩擦不计.用外力向上托住活塞B,使之处于平衡状态,水银面与粗筒上端相平.现使活塞B缓慢上移,直至水银的一半被推入细筒中,求活塞B上移的距离.设在整个过程中气柱的温度不变,大气压强p0相当于75厘米高的水银柱产生的压强.24.(11分)在方向水平的匀强电场中,一不可伸长的不导电细线的一端连着一个质量为m的带电小球,另一端固定于O点.把小球拉起直至细线与场强平行,然后无初速释放.已知小球摆到最低点的另一侧,线与竖直方向的最大夹角为θ(如图).求小球经过最低点时细线对小球的拉力.25.(12分)质量为m的钢板与直立轻弹簧的上端连接,弹簧下端固定在地上.平衡时,弹簧的压缩量为x0,如图所示.一物块从钢板正上方距离为3x0的A处自由落下,打在钢板上并立刻与钢板一起向下运动,但不粘连.它们到达最低点后又向上运动.已知物块质量也为m时,它们恰能回到O点.若物块质量为2m,仍从A处自由落下,则物块与钢板回到O点时,还具有向上的速度.求物块向上运动到达的最高点与O点的距离.26.(12分)如图1所示,真空室中电极K发出的电子(初速不计)经过U0=1000伏的加速电场后,由小孔S沿两水平金属板A、B间的中心线射入.A、B板长l=0.20米,相距d=0.020米,加在A、B两板间的电压u随时间t变化的u-t图线如图2所示.设A、B间的电场可看作是均匀的,且两板外无电场.在每个电子通过电场区域的极短时间内,电场可视作恒定的.两板右侧放一记录圆筒,筒在左侧边缘与极板右端距离b=0.15米,筒绕其竖直轴匀速转动,周期T=0.20秒,筒的周长s=0.20米,筒能接收到通过A、B板的全部电子.(1)以t=0时(见图2,此时u=0)电子打到圆筒记录纸上的点作为xy坐标系的原点,并取y轴竖直向上.试计算电子打到记录纸上的最高点的y坐标和x坐标.(不计重力作用)(2)在给出的坐标纸(图3)上定量地画出电子打到记录纸上的点形成的图线.图1图2图31997年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试物理试题答案及评分标准说明:(1)定出评分标准是为了使全国各地尽可能在统一标准下评定成绩.试题的参考解答是用来说明评分标准的.考生如按其它方法或步骤解答,正确的,同样给分;有错的,根据错误的性质,参照评分标准中相应的规定评分.(2)第一、二、三、四题只要求写出答案,不要求说明理由或列出算式,只根据答案评分.(3)第五大题,只有最后后答案而无演算过程的,不给分;只写出一般公式但未能与试题所给的具体条件联系的,不给分.一.答案及评分标准:全题15分,每小题3分.答错的或不答的,都给0分.1.A2.D3.C4.B5.C二.答案及评分标准:全题45分,每小题5分.每小题全选对的给5分,选不全的给2分,有选错的给0分,不答的给0分.6.B、C7.B8.A、D9.B、D10.D11.B、D12.A、D13.A、D14.A三.答案及评分标准:全题17分,其中15题5分,其余的每题6分.答案正确的,按下列答案后面括号内的分数给分;答错的,不答的,都给0分.15.29.80(5分,答29.8的同样给5分)16.A,B,C,D(2分.选不全的给0分)保持气体的温度恒定(2分)保持气体的质量不变(2分)17.A1(2分),如右图(4分,线路有错就不给这4分)四.答案及评分标准:全题20分,每小题5分,答案正确的,按下列答案后面括号内的分数给分;答错的,不答的,都给0分.20.4×108(5分.只要数量级对,就给5分)五.参考解答及评分标准:22.解:先求蜡烛的原位置由放大率公式得v1= 4u1①由透镜成像公式②解得再求蜡烛移动后的位置,由放大率公式得v2=4u2③由透镜成像公式④解得所以蜡烛应向远离透镜的方向移动,移动的距离为评分标准:本题9分.①式2分,②式1分,③式2分,④式1分,⑤式2分.物体移动方向正确的给1分.23.解:在以下的计算中,都以1厘米汞柱产生的压强作为压强的单位.设气体初态的压强为p1,则有p1=p0+H①设S为粗圆筒的横截面积,气体初态的体积V1=S l.设气体末态的压强为P2,有②设末态气柱的长度为l＇,气体体积为V2=S l＇由玻意耳定律得P1V1=P2V2③活塞B上移的距离d为④代入数据解得d=8厘米⑤评分标准:本题9分.①式1分,②式2分,③式1分,④式3分,⑤式2分.24.解:设细线长为l,球的电量为q,场强为E.若电量q为正,则场强方向在题图中向右,反之向左.从释放点到左侧最高点,重力势能的减少等于电势能的增加, mg l cosθ=qE l(1+sinθ)①若小球运动到最低点时的速度为v,此时线的拉力为T,由能量关系得②由牛顿第二定律得③由以上各式解得④评分标准:本题11分.①、②式各3分,③式2分,④式3分.25.解:物块与钢板碰撞时的速度①设v1表示质量为m的物块与钢板碰撞后一起开始向下运动的速度,因碰撞时间极短,动量守恒,mv0=2mv1②刚碰完时弹簧的弹性势能为E P.当它们一起回到O点时,弹簧无形变,弹性势能为零,根据题给条件,这时物块与钢板的速度为零,由机械能守恒,③设v2表示质量为2m的物块与钢板碰撞后开始一起向下运动的速度,则有2mv0=3mv2④仍继续向上运动,设此时速度为v,则有⑤在以上两种情况中,弹簧的初始压缩量都是x0,故有⑥当质量为2m的物块与钢板一起回到O点时,弹簧的弹力为零,物块与钢板只受到重力作用,加速度为g.一过O点,钢板受到弹簧向下的拉力作用,加速度大于g.由于物块与钢板不粘连,物块不可能受到钢板的拉力,其加速度仍为g.故在O 点物块与钢板分离,分离后,物块以速度v竖直上升,则由以上各式解得,物块向上运动所到最高点与O点的距离为⑦评分标准:本题12分.①、②、③、④式各1分,⑤式2分,⑥式3分,得出⑦式再给3分.26.解:(1)计算电子打到记录纸上的最高点的坐标设v0为电子沿A、B板的中心线射入电场时的初速度,则①电子在中心线方向的运动为匀速运动,设电子穿过A、B板的时间为t0,则l=v0t0②图(1)电子在垂直A、B板方向的运动为匀加速直线运动.对于恰能穿过A、B板的电子,在它通过时加在两板间的电压u c应满足③联立①、②、③式解得此电子从A 、B 板射出时沿y 方向的分速度为④此后,此电子作匀速直线运动,它打在记录纸上的点最高,设纵坐标为y,由图(1)可得⑤由以上各式解得⑥从题给的u t 图线可知,加于两板电压u 的周期T 0=0.10秒,u 的最大值u m =100伏,因为u C <u m ,在一个周期T 0内,只有开始的一段时间间隔△t 内有电子通过A 、B 板⑦因为电子打在记录纸上的最高点不止一个,根据题中关于坐标原点与起始记录时刻的规定,第一个最高点的x 坐标为⑧第二个最高点的x 坐标为⑨第三个最高点的x 坐标为由于记录筒的周长为20厘米,所以第三个最高点已与第一个最高点重合,即电子打到记录纸上的最高点只有两个,它们的x 坐标分别由⑧和⑨表示(2)电子打到记录纸上所形成的图线,如图(2)所示.评分标准:本题12分.第(1)问10分,①、②、③、④、⑤、⑥式各1分,⑦式2分,⑧、⑨式各1分. 第(2)问2分,有任何错误都不给这2分.。
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1997年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语National Matriculation English Test(NMET 97)本试卷分第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分。
第一卷1至13页。
第二卷1至4页。
共150分。
考试时间120分钟。
第一卷（三大题，共95分）注意事项：1.答第一卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上。
2.每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在试卷上。
3.考试结束，考生将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
Ⅰ.单项填空（共25小题，每小题1分；满分25分）A)从A、B、C、D中找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项。
例：haveA. gaveB. saveC. hatD. made答案是C.1. motorA. oppositeB. oceanC. oppressD. object2. theoryA. diaryB. pioneerC. thereforeD. really3. oxygenA. geographyB. degreeC. recogniseD. sugar4. canalA. importantB. liberationC. majorityD. national5. medicineA. exceptB. recordC. increaseD. physicsB)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
例：We last night, but we went to the concert instead.A. must have studiedB. might studyC. should have studiedD. would study答案是C.6. It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or shewants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever7. - Have you seen pen? I left it here this morning.- Is it black one? I think I saw it somewhere.A. a; theB. the; theC. the; aD. a; a8. - Do you think I could borrow your dictionary?- .A. Yes, you may borrowB. Yes, you couldC. Yes, help yourselfD. Yes, go on9. She his number in the phone book to make sure that she hadgot it right.A. looked upB. looked forC. picked outD. picked up10. I first met Lisa three years ago. She at a radio shop at the time.A. has workedB. was workingC. had been workingD. had worked11. The train leaves at 6:00 pm. So I have to be at the station5:40 pm at the latest.A.untilB.afterC.byD.around12. I would love to the party last night but I had to work extra hoursto finish a report.A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having gone13. Wait till you are more . It's better to be sure than sorry.A. inspiredB. satisfiedC. calm C. certain14. I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with .A. everythingB. anythingC. somethingD. nothing15. - I'd like to invite you to dinner this Saturday, Mr Smith.- .A. Oh, no. Let's notB. I'd rather stay at homeC. I'm very sorry, but I have other plansD. Oh, no. That'll be too much trouble16. - Is this raincoat yours?- No,mine there behind the door.A. is hangingB. has hungC. hangsD. hung17. The Olympic Games, in 776 B.C., did not include women playersuntil 1912.A. first playingB. to be first playedC. first playedD. to be first playing18. If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to leave a .A. messageB. letterC. sentenceD. notice19. - Who is Jerry Cooper?- ? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.A. Don't you meet him yetB. Hadn't you met him yetC. Didn't you meet him yetD. Haven't you met him yet20. After the war, a new school building was put up there had oncebeen a theatre.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when21. , Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.A. However late is heB. However he is lateC. However is he lateD. However late he is22. - Alice, why didn't you come yesterday?- I , but I had an unexpected visitor.A. hadB. wouldC. was going toD. did23. Sarah has read lots of stories by American writers. Now she would like toread stories by writers from countries.A. some; anyB. other; someC. some; otherD. other; other24. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyoneget out.A. had toB. wouldC. couldD. was able to25. It was about 600 years ago the first clock with a face and anhour hand was made.A. thatB. untilc. before D. whenⅡ.完形填空（共25小题，每小题1分；满分25分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从26～50各题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。
Todd was working at his gas station（加油站）at night when he heard over the radio that a 26 in Long Island had been 27 by an armed man who had killed the night guard and got away with $ 150,000.‘One hundred and fifty thousand,’Todd whistled. Here's a fellow who just 28 into a bank and helps himself 29 so much money. Todd thought of the 30 with which he managed to get the amount of money he 31 to start his gas station, So many papers to 32 , so much money to pay back.The news 33 twenty minutes later. The gunman had 34 a carfor a ride, and then 35 out the driver. He was possibly 36 theSouthern State Parkway in a white Ford. License plate（车牌）numberLJR1939. The 37 of the announcer continued:‘38 out for white cars. Don't pick up 39 , and all you folks in gas stations better not do40 to a white Ford car.’Todd stood up and 41 to see out into the cold ningt. It was dark but Todd 42 the Southern State Parkway was out there. Just 43 , Todd saw the headlights coming at him and a car pulled in for 44 . There it was, a white Ford. He saw the 45 , LJR1939.‘What should I do?’Todd had to make a quick 46 .‘Yes, sir?’Todd 47 while making up his mind for sure.‘48 her up,’the man said sounding like any other 49 .When the tank （油箱）whs full, Todd quickly turned round and pointed a gun at the man.‘Hands up 50 get out!’26. A. store B. bank C. station D. house27. A. searched for B. held upC. taken overD. broken into28. A. walks B. looks C. marches D. drives29. A. for B. by C. to D. of30. A. satisfaction B. difficultyC. disappointmentD. spirit31. A. saved B. made C. offered D. needed32. A. collect B. prove C. sign D. write33. A. continued B. lastedC. spreadD. arrived34. A. bought B. borrowedC. stolenD. stopped35. A. sent B. found C. left D. pushed36. A. calling from B. fleeing fromC. heading forD. looking for37. A. news B. warning C. advice D. voice38. A. Look B. Run C. Call D. Set39. A. guests B. strangersC. prisonersD. passengers40. A. harm B. favorC. serviceD. business41. A. tried B. decidedC. hopedD. happened42. A. considered B. knew C. recognised D. learnt43. A. then B. there C. right D. now44. A. directions B. repairsC. gasD. parking45. A. mark B. number C. sign D. name46. A. decision B. call C. movement D. remark47. A. wondered B. stopped C. waited D. asked48. A. Cover B. Fill C. Check D. Tie49. A. visitor B. robber C. driver D. ridre50. A. or B. and C. but D. toⅢ.阅读理解（共25小题。