基于FPGA的LCD驱动设计与实现

关键词： VGA LCD LCD12864 VHDL
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT
Along with the FPGA technology unceasing development and the price unceasing drop， the application superiority which designs based on the FPGA programmable logical component appears gradually comes out， now， more and more many embedded systems have chosen based on the FPGA design proposal.This topic primary mission is the design based on the FPGA embedded LCD actuation， controls using FPGA on LCD demonstrates the picture and the character information.
本次设计采用了两种可行方案来实现，第一种方案是采用基于 VHDL 描述的 VGA 显示控制器，通过 FPGA 控制 VGA 接口在 LCD 显示器上显示字符和图像。 第二种方案是采用带 ST7920 驱动的 12864-12 液晶模块，并使用 Xilinx 公司的 spartan 3e 系列的 XC3S500E 作为核心的控制器。控制器部分采用 VHDL 语言编写， 主体程序采用了状态机作为主要控制方式。该控制器分为字符显示模块和图像显 示模块两个主要部分。在字符的显示功能上采用显示控制模块与字符调用 RAM 相 结合的方式，使使用者能方便地调用液晶自带的字库来显示字符；而图像显示模 块则通过特殊的处理算法解决了图像显示缓冲区 X 地址不断移位以及上下半屏分 开的问题，通过读取图像 RAM 来显示图像。最后实现使用 FPGA 在 LCD 上的任 意位置显示任意的 16*16 像素的中文字符以及 16*8 的英文字符，另外要能将储存 模块中的图像数据正常地显示在 LCD 上。
Keywords: FPGA VGA LCD LCD12864 VHDL
目录
i
目录
第一章绪论....................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 选题的背景与意义...........................................................................................1 1.2 国内外发展现状...............................................................................................2 1.3 本课题主要研究内容.......................................................................................3
第二章关键技术的介绍................................................................................................... 5 2.1 FPGA 简介 .......................................................................................................5 2.2 LCD 简介..........................................................................................................6 2.2.1 VGA 接口显示器 LCD(TFT)................................................................7 2.2.2 LCD12864-12(STN) ............................................................................... 7 2.3 VGA 简介 .........................................................................................................7 2.3.1 VGA 概念及其接口 ...............................................................................7 2.3.2 VGA 显示原理 .......................................................................................8 2.3.3 VGA 时序分析 ..................................................................................... 11
摘要
摘要
随着 FPGA 技术的不断发展及其价格不断下降，基于 FPGA 的可编程逻辑器 件设计的应用优势逐渐显现出来，现如今，越来越多的嵌入式系统选择了基于 FPGA 的设计方案。本课题的主要任务是设计基于 FPGA 的嵌入式 LCD 驱动，利 用 FPGA 来控制在 LCD 上显示图像和字符信息。
This design used two kind of feasible plans to realize， the first kind of plan was uses based on VHDL the description VGA display control switch，controlled the VGA connection through FPGA to demonstrate the character and the graph on the LCD monitor.The second kind of plan is uses has the ST7920 actuation 12864-12 liquid crystal module， and uses Xilinx Corporation spartan 3e series XC3S500E to take the core the controller.The controller part used the VHDL language compilation， the main body procedure uses the state machine to take the primary control way.This controller divides into the character display module and the picture demonstration module two main es the display control module and the character in the character demonstration function transfers the way which RAM unifies， enables the user to transfer liquid crystal bringing the fonts to demonstrate the character conveniently; But the picture demonstrated the module solved the image display buffer X address through the special processing algorithm unceasingly to shift as well as about half screen separated question ， demonstrated the picture through read picture ROM.Finally realizes uses FPGA on the LCD random position demonstration random 16*16 picture element Chinese character as well as the 16*8 English character， moreover must be able to store up in the module the picture data to demonstrate normally on LCD.
第四章 LCD12864 简介 .............................................................................................21 4.1 外形尺寸和外部引脚.....................................................................................21 4.2 接口电路设计.................................................................................................22 4.3 接口时序（ST7920 控制驱动器） ...............................................................23 4.4 编程指令.........................................................................................................25