gender gap in maths

gender gap in maths

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A world-wide study of nearly half a million boys and girls found no significant gender gap in math ability. Christie Nicholson reports.

Stereotypes are usually the last thing to change in the face of contradictory evidence.

A case in point is the long held belief that boys are better at mathematics than girls.

Well a meta-analysis to be published in the journal Psychological Bulletin can be added to the pile of evidence that finds no significant gender difference in mathematical ability.

Researchers analyzed results from two math tests that assessed nearly half a million boys and girls between the ages of 14 to 16, from 69 countries. They tested algebra, geometry, data analysis and number concepts.The study’s lead author, Villanova University psychology professor Nicole Else-Quest found “…that on average across all the nations the gender difference was negligible.”

But she and her colleagues did notice an interesting pattern, “When you look at the variability across nations you see it varies a great deal. There are some nations where girls do better than boys. There are some nations boys do better than girls.”

Countries that had larger gender gaps favoring boys included Tunisia and Korea. And those favoring girls were Jordan and Bahrain.

But most countries showed no gender gap including the United States, Sweden, Germany.

Else-Quest notes that there is some association between the status of women in each country and their ability to do mathematics.

“The percentage of women in parliament was moderately associated with the size of the gender gap in math such that in countries where there were fewer women in parliament males tended to do better in math than girls by a larger extent than in countries in which there was better representation by women in parliament.”

That connection would seem to imply that achievement levels are not innate and fixed.

"And that these gender differences that we are seeing are not because they have different brains. It’s because of social forces --which suggests that they can be changed.”

—Christie Nicholson

IELTS作文——Generation gap

Generation gap There always has been generation gap since the dawn of civilization. Old people act like a frog in the well. They are fully convinced with their ideas as ultimate and ideal. They ignore certain vital factors that are no longer valid in modern days. There is a great hue and cry raised by the elders and the young both that the communication between them has broken down and they accuse each other for and bemoan this state of affairs. They attribute it to generation gap. Majority in the society carries along with this moroseness and never pauses to think the why and how of the problem. 为什么?? The elders are more critical of the younger generation with a big inventory of complaints against the young and the young mostly tend to ignore the grumbling, mumbling and occasional loud protestations of the older generation. But now and then they do protest. They resent the petting attitude of the elders. It is generally observed that the old behave like a frog in the well. They are fully convinced that the ideas they have had throughout their lives are the ultimate and ideal. They ignore certain vital factors that are no longer valid in the case of the modernity. There always has been generation gap since the dawn of civilization. The young have always deviated from the older standards and it was well that they did or there wouldn’t have been any progress today. The younger generation naturally differs in dress, food, habits etc, as all these were not available to the older generation. These changes are indicative of progress. With the passage of time when the society, right from the basic unit of the family through society and the entire humanity, is changing, how can the new generation be asked to stagnate or move bac kward to the ancestors’ way of life? In the olden days, in the Indian society the arranged marriage took place first and love between husband and the wife were thought to be a natural development. The moral standards differed in consonance with the contemporary situation, as human society is essentially a utilitarian one. The elders couldn’t have visualized what was to come in their lifetime i.e. live-in relationship, one night stand, car key pooling and fishing and things that are yet to come out in the open. It will be generally agreed that most fathers want their offspring to adopt the same profession that they themselves followed without giving due weight to the aptitude of the offspring. This causes tension between the elders and the children. The younger generation is more intellectually evolved than the preceding one. But the ego of the older people does not permit them to accept

Generation_gap_中英对照

Generation gap 父母比我们年龄大,所以无论是生理上还是心理上,都要比我们成熟。 父母的经历和经验也比我们丰富,做事也比我们谨慎、周密。所以他们有能力采取适当的措施同子女进行沟通。如果父母没有做到这些而使自己与子女之间产生“代沟”,那么主要的责任在于父母。 从思想上讲 从现代教育上讲 子女所要接受的教育很多,而家庭教育则是子女接受教育中最为重要的教育内容之 一。"在谈及家庭教育必然要谈到父母与子女的关系问题。我们知道,一个良好的家庭环境必然会形成一个和睦而又温暖的家庭。如果家庭中各成员之间产生隔阂,必然会对子女的成长造成一定的影响。父母的言行和品德对子女有很大的影响。从子女一出生,父母就成了子女的启蒙老师,从此他们就担负着培养和教育子女的责任和义务,同时也是他们承担的社会责任。而父母的失职就可能给家庭蒙上一层阴影,造成家庭冷漠不和,以及子女的悲观、消极思想。 Intermsoffamilyeducation,parentsplayanimportantpartintherelationship between parents and children. We know that a good familyenvironmentisboundtoformaharmoniousandwarmfamily.Whatparents say and behave has a great influence on their children Negligenceoftheparentscancausechildren'spessimisticandnegativevalues.This is also one of the factors causing the generation gap. From the above arguments,we can draw a conclution thatthe generationgap is largely due to parents. 1/ 1

良好农业规范(GAP)认证机构认可方案

良好农业规范(GAP)认证机构 认可方案 中国合格评定国家认可委员会 (CNAS)

良好农业规范(GAP)认证机构认可方案 1目的与范围 1.1本文件对从事良好农业规范认证机构所应遵守的特定要求作了规定,适用于从事良好农业规范认证机构的认可工作。 1.2本文件R部分是对《认证机构认可规则》(CNAS-RC01)的补充规定和进一步说明;C部分是对《产品认证机构通用要求》(CNAS-CC21)和《〈产品认证机构通用要求〉应用指南》(CNAS-CC22)的补充要求;G部分是对《产品认证机构认证业务范围管理实施指南》(CNAS-CG21)的补充。 注:本文件的R部分、C部分和G部分的效力等同于相应类别的认可规范文件 1.3除本文件的特殊规定或要求,CNAS制定的认可规则和适用于产品认证机构的认可准则和指南,如:《产品认证机构通用要求》(CNAS-CC21,idt ISO/IEC导则65:1996)和《〈产品认证机构通用要求〉应用指南》(CNAS-CC22,idt IAF对ISO/IEC导则65:1996的应用指南)的要求等,以及《良好农业规范认证实施规则》和/或《EurepGAP综合农业保证通则(Eurepgap General Regulation Integrated Farm Assurance)》(以下简称《ChinaGAP规则》和/或《EurepGAP 通则》)的要求均适用于对从事良好农业规范认证的认证机构的认可。 2规范性引用文件 下列文件中的条款通过本文件的引用而成为本文件的条款。以下引用的文件注明日期的,仅引用的版本适用;未注明日期的,引用文件的最新版本(包括任何修订)适用。 CNAS-CC21产品认证机构通用要求 CNAS-CC22产品认证机构通用要求应用指南 CNAS-RC01认证机构认可规则 CNAS-RC03认证机构信息通报规则 良好农业规范认证实施规则(国家认证认可监督管理委员会) GB/T19011-2003质量和(或)环境管理体系审核指南(idt IS019011:2002)

(整理)GAP认证实施细则

GAP认证实施细则中检集团质量认证有限公司

目录 1. 引言 4 2. 适用范围 4 3. 术语及定义 4 4. 认证依据 4 5. 认证选项、级别及认证基本程序 5 6. 认证申请的受理 5 6.1GAP认证的申请 5 6.2申请附加材料 6 7.合同评审与合同 6 7.1 合同评审 7 7.2 合同建立 7 7.2.1 责任声明 7 8.审核策划 7 9. 文件检查 8 10 现场检查 8 10.1 检查准备 8 10.2现场检查内容 9 10.2.1农业生产经营者的检查 9 10.2.2农业生产经营者组织的检查 10 11.认证结果评价与批准 10 11.1 认证结果评价与批准 10 11.2 认证时限 10 11.3 认证证书 10 12.认证信息上报 11 13.认证标志和证书使用 11

14.获证后监督 12 15.认证的维持和变更 13 15.1认证范围的扩大 13 15.2认证范围的缩小 13 16.处罚原则 14 16.1告诫 14 16.2暂停 14 16.3撤销 15 17.复评 16 18.证书转换 16 19.收费 16 附件1——农业生产经营者组织质量管理体系 附件2——农业生产经营者组织质量管理体系审核指南 附件3——检查人员要求

1.引言 本细则是依据中国国家认证认可监督管理委员会2006年1月24日发布的《良好农业规范认证实施规则》制定的,是中国检验认证集团质量认证公司开展中国良好农业规范认证的依据,未尽事宜,由农产品认证部依据国家认监委《良好农业规范认证实施规则》进行解释。 2.适用范围 2.1 本细则用于规范对大田作物、水果和蔬菜的良好农业规范(GAP)认证活动。本细则不适用于所涉及的认证模块中植物产品的深加工。 3.术语及定义 GB/T 20014.1—2005 《良好农业规范术语》中的术语适用于本细则。 4.认证依据 4.1 大田作物GAP认证依据 GB/T 20014.1 良好农业规范第1部分术语 GB/T 20014.2 良好农业规范第2部分农场基础控制点与符合性规范 GB/T 20014.3 良好农业规范第3部分作物基础控制点与符合性规范 GB/T 20014.4 良好农业规范第4部分大田作物控制点与符合性规范 4.2 水果和蔬菜GAP认证依据 GB/T 20014.1 良好农业规范第1部分术语 GB/T 20014.2 良好农业规范第2部分农场基础控制点与符合性规范 GB/T 20014.3 良好农业规范第3部分作物基础控制点与符合性规范 GB/T 20014.5 良好农业规范第5部分水果和蔬菜控制点与符合性规范 5.认证选项、级别和基本程序

题名GlobalGAP认证实施方案

1.目的及范围 为规范本公司良好农业规范的检验认证活动,根据《全球良好农业规范》(Global Good Agricultural Practices,以下简称GGAP)及行业法律法规等制定本方案。在整个认证过程中,北京爱科赛尔认证中心有限公司(以下简称“中心”)仅涉及申请阶段的沟通、认证材料的收集传递和现场检验。 2.从事全球良好农业规范检验工作需要满足的条件 公司应具有《中华人民共和国认证认可条例》规定的基本条件和从事全球良好农业规范检验的技术能力。 3.检验人员要求 中心参与全球良好农业规范检验的有:合同评审二部和检验部的人员。 检验员应经过ECOCERT集团相应人员的培训及实习并在ECOCERT集团进行注册,且应按照《中华人民共和国认证认可条例》、《认证及认证培训、咨询人员管理办法》有关规定取得相应的执业注册资质,并经本机构进行能力评价合格后,方可进行GGAP 的现场检验。 4.检验依据 《全球良好农业规范》(Global Good Agricultural Practices) 5.检验程序 5.1检验申请 5.1.1申请者应具备以下条件: (1)取得国家工商行政管理部门或有关机构注册登记的法人资格; (2)已取得相关法规规定的行政许可(适用时); (3)生产、加工的产品符合中华人民共和国相关法律、法规、安全卫生标准和有关规范的要求; 5.1.2根据申请者申请产品类型,申请者应向认证机构提交不同类型的文件,至少包括申请表、申请者的资质文件及相关的证明材料。 5.2申请受理 5.2.1申请评审 对符合申请要求的申请者,中心将申请者提供的申请材料提交给ECOCERT集团进行评审,ECOCERT集团将给出申请材料的评审意见和结论。 5.2.3申请评审处理 ECOCERT集团对于申请材料齐全、符合GGAP检验要求的,予以受理申请。对不予受理的,通过中心通知申请者,并向其说明不予受理的理由。 5.3现场检验准备与实施 5.3.1中心根据ECOCERT集团签发的任务书列表委派具有相应资质和能力的检验员组成检验组,并在现场检验前将检验日期、检验组成员信息发给申请者确认无误。申请者不得指定检验员。如检验计划发生变化,需要说明详细原因。 对同一申请者的同一生产单元不能连续3年以上(含3年)委派同一检验员实施检

形成代沟的原因(The Causes of the Generation Gap)

形成代沟的原因(The Causes of the Generation Gap) Parents say that children do not show them proper respect and obedience, while children complain that their parents do not understand them. This phenomenon is often referred to as the generation gap. What then are the causes of the generation gap?One important cause of the generation gap is the chance that young people have to choose their way of life. In more traditional societies, when children grow up, they are expected to live in the same area as their parents, to marry people that their parents know and agree to, and to continue the family occupation. In modern society, young people often travel a great distance for their education, move out of the family at an early age, marry or live with people whom their parents have never met, and choose occupations different from those of their parents.in the easily changing society, parents often expect their children to do better than they did: to find better jobs, to make more money; and to do all the things that they were unable to do. Often, however, the strong desire that parents have for their children are another cause of the disagreement between them. Often, they discover that they have very little in common with each other. Finally, the speed at which changes take place in modern society is another cause of the gap between the generations. In a traditional culture, elderly people are valued for their wisdom, but in modern society, the knowledge of a lifetime may become out of date overnight. The young and the old seem to live in two very different worlds, separated by different skills and abilities. No doubt, the generation gap will continue to be a future of our life for some time to come. Its causes are rooted in the changes of our society, and in the rapid speed at which society changes.

GAP认证申报材料范文

关于中药材GAP认证申报材料准备 (一)《营业执照》(复印件) (二)申报品种基本情况 1、申报品种的种植(养殖)历史:包括三部分内容,一是该品种的药用历史、分页区域,要有比较权威的古代典籍,如本经、别录等,二是人工种植历史,三是该品种在本地的种植历史,从何时开始,现在规模如何。 2、申报品种的种植规模:两部分内容,一是本地总体规模,二是本公司规模,也许你们的基地不止一处,要对每一处的规模都有分别的描述。 3、产地生态环境:地理位置、水纹、气象、土壤、动植物分布,是否符合检查标准中的几个要求,是否符合该品种的生长特性要求。 4、品种来源及鉴定:要有二个以上植物分类学副教授以上专家的鉴定意见,对于鉴定人要求有所在单位的证明文件。需要注意的是药典和植物志中有的品种拉丁名不同,应在鉴定书中注明。 5、种质来源:生产所用的种子、繁育材料的来源要有说明,并要有相应的记录,不源要与用于鉴定的植株有联系。 6、野生资源分布情况和中药材动植物生长习性资料:这个内容比较重要,除非你有充分的证据表明你们的药材质量很好,否则一定要与原产地、主产地上找证据,最好是引用中国植物志或中药材普查的文献。 7、良种繁育情况:这是GAP中比较重视的一点,这一点做的好的话很容易过,但这一点不可能很快有结论,但是要求开展这项工作,只要开展了、有一定的结论就行了,而且一定要有现场可看。 8、适宜采收时间(采收年限、采收期)及确定依据:首先是以文献记载的依据,另外要有有效成份含量等积累的动态变化数据,特别是采收期前后的变化情况和近成熟期的变化过程。这也是整个建设过程的一个重点。 9、病虫害综合防治情况:全面的调查很关键,该品种常见的病虫害和本地常见的病虫害要有监测数据和防治记录。最好是很少发生或者很轻,不用农药最好,用的话农药也要是经色食品标准的。 10、中药材质量控制及评价情况:先要有国家标准,其次是企业标准和近三年来每一处基地三年来每一批产品的质量情况有一个统计。 (三)中药材生产企业概况 1、组织形式及组织机构图 2、部门职责:向GMP学习。 3、运营机制 4、人员结构 5、企业负责人背景资料:最好有药学背景 6、生产和质量部门负责人背景资料:要注意的是几个关键部门人员的学历和专业。 7、人员培训情况:很关键的内容之一,要有完整的记录。

gap认证实施细则

gap认证实施细则 文件编号:MCG-03-01 版本/修订:5/1 GAP认证实施细则 中检集团质量认证有限公司 实施日期:2007-03-01 第 0 页共33 页 文件编号:MCG03-01 版本/修订:5/0 目录 1. 引言 4 2. 适用范围 4 3. 术语及定义 4 4. 认证依据 4 5. 认证选项、级别及认证基本程序 5 6. 认证申请的受理 5 6.1GAP认证的申请 5 6.2申请附加材料 6 7.合同评审与合同 6 7.1 合同评审 7 7.2 合同建立 7 7.2.1 责任声明 7 8.审核策划 7 9. 文件检查 8 10 现场检查 8 10.1 检查准备 8 10.2现场检查内容 9 10.2.1农业生产经营者的检查 9 10.2.2农业生产经营者组织的检查 10 11.认证结果评价与批准 10 11.1 认证结果评价与批准 10 11.2 认证时限 10 11.3 认证证书 10 12(认证信息上报 11 13.认证标志和证书使用 11 实施日期:2007-03-01 第 1 页共 12 页 文件编号:MCG03-01 版本/修订:5/0

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Generation Gap No one could have failed to notice that the relationship between parents and children has been a vital public topic https://www.360docs.net/doc/0715079929.html,ck of understanding,parents and kids cannot exchange ideas with each other freely sometimes.we called this situation generation gap. Why generation gap exists ?Firstly,in my view,differing from parents,children easily face diverse and various information,they are likely to do things on their own.But parents always think they are not right.So conflict and generation gap occur.Secondly,parents and children are born in different time,and they are grow up in nearly two worlds.Thus,generation gap naturally becomes the obstacle between parents and kids due to time. As far as I am concerned,it is possible that we can build a bridge between parents and kids to span the generation gap.To start with,frequent communication is very important.Maybe the conflict will disappear while they are talk with each other.Additionally,parents could look some similar interest with kids.If kids feel parents like their friends,the gap may be vanished. Everyone knows without the slightest doubt that love is necessary,so let us communicate with your parents or kids more and more for having a better understanding instead of generation gap.

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代沟Generation Gap 大学英语作文 Generationgap refers to the misunderstanding between the old and young. The term cameinto fashion after the 1980s. However, in recent years, the phenomenon isgetting more and more fierce. 代沟指的是老人和年轻人之间的误解。这个词在20世纪80年代就开始流行。然而,近年来,这种现象是越来越激烈。 Howdoes generation gap come into being? The first reason is that the twogenerations have grown up in different ages, thus they have different attitudestoward life. Secondly, due to having little in common with each other, they areunwilling to sit down and talk face to face. Besides, as modern life is sostressful, both of them are so busy with their study or work that they have notenough time to exchange their ideas. 代沟是如何产生的呢?第一个原因是这两代人是在不同时代长大的,所以他们对生活的态度是不同的。其次,由于由于彼此之间很少有共同之处,所以他们都不愿意坐下来面对面交谈。此外,由于现

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Generation gap Communication Transportation Development Technology Modern Difference Interest Hobby Moral value Society Social value Conservative Fashionable Old fashioned Internet Globalization Art Music Lifestyle Marriage Happiness Reasons: - technological advances - difference of interests and hobbies

- different moral and social values - different family life The technological advances play a great rule in enlarging the gap as the younger generations are quicker to accept and adopt these technologies so that they consider the conservative and technologically suspicious elders of their families very old fashioned in their, tastes, opinions and out looks toward life. On the other hand, the older people despise the modern values which they call the" internet" and "globalization" values. They consider the young generation shallow, lacking knowledge and moral depth. This difference can best be seen in the difference of interests and hobbies. T aste of art , music, dressing sense, food habit and living style. The difference includes the moral and social values such as marriage, love, happiness seen from different perspectives. It is a fact of life that the generation gap is something that has existed and will continue to exist as long as man exists on this earth. It is not restricted to certain parts of the world, to certain times of human history or to certain cultures. That is why generation gap is a fact of a life accepted by all generations, all over the world and through all time

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