Circuit Isolation Techniques 071310 Seshan

Circuit Isolation Techniques & TI Isolator TechnologyNeel Seshan Product Marketing Engineer Industrial InterfaceTopicsWhat is Isolation – General information Some Applications Using Isolation Digital Isolation Techniques and Comparison Isolation Terminology & Standards TI Isolation Products Roadmap (for reference)What is Isolation ?Galvanic isolation:Although Circuit 1 and Circuit 2 exchange signals, no current (electrons) pass from Circuit 1 to Circuit 2.Why is isolation required in electrical systems:Break ground loops Reduce common mode noise Safety from high voltagesVoltage supply 1SignalsVoltage supply 2Circuit 1Circuit 2Ground 1Ground 2Isolation Benefits1) Electrical Installation can cause large GPDs (ground potential difference) between two remote nodes. A direct ground connection between the nodes closes the ground loop. Noise sources (i.e. electric motors) inducing large currents into the ground modulate the ground loop current. This ground noise then appears in the signal path. 1) An isolator breaks the ground loop, thus removing signal path noise. The GPD yet still exists and the isolator must be robust enough to withstand the large voltage differences. 2)3)4)2)Why Isolate??Data CAN SN65HVD233 CAN120 Ω120 Ω SN65HVD233Group loop isolationTMP101 SensorISOISO7221CISOISO7221CNoise isolationADS1255 24-Bit OPA333DSPTMS 320 F2810 DSP with CAN ControllerDSPISO7241A LVC2G06 ISO ISO Fan 120V Amp SN75477 Amp AmpISOBlock High VoltageMotor 480VISO721ISO7220MApplications utilizing IsolationIndustrial: • Robotics • PLC input/output isolation • Industrial networks • Motor control • Power suppliesPrimary Task: Isolation between High-Power and Control Signals Isolation of Bus-Nodes to prevent Corruption of the complete Bus & Common Mode RejectionApplications utilizing IsolationMedical: • Microwave therapy • Patient monitoring • Electrocardiographs • Defibrillators Communications: • PBX (Private Branch Exchange) and central office Primary Task: • Telephone terminal equipment Medical: Isolation between Power and Patient • Telephone switching equipment • Modems Communications: Isolation between Power and Caller • ISDN Isolation of Bus-Nodes to prevent • Ethernet / PoECorruption of the complete BusApplications utilizing IsolationConsumer Electronics: • Video (TV, VCR, etc.) • Plasma displays • Electronic gaming • Home appliancesPrimary Task: Isolation between High-Power and UserComputers & Office Equipment • Isolated I/O • Printers and plotters • Fax machinesKey methods of IsolationEwald Georg von Kleist invented the first recorded capacitor 1745Michael Faraday demonstrated the transformer principle in 1831 Zarlink Invented the opto-coupler (1968)Others…Sound, RF, light, Mechanical, etcIsolation Techniques (It’s all capacitive)Source: TI App note SLLA198/iso721(Click on above link for web info)CapacitiveInductiveGMROpticalCapacitive ISO72XInductive ADuM1xxGMR IL7xOptical HCPL-07xxCIOIsolation Dielectric1 pFSiO1 pFPolyimide1.1 pFPolyimide0.6 pFMold compound• All isolated couplers are capacitive coupled (active or parasitic) •CIO for any type is comparableDielectric Materials Used for Isolation• SiO2: ISO72x Typical BV is 1000 Vpeak/um Inorganic Highly Stable (over temperature, moisture, time), high quality Used extensively and for long time as dielectric in semiconductor (low defect rates) Deposited in a controlled semiconductor process Polyimide: ADI Transformer core Typical BV is 250 Vpeak/um Organic Retains moisture – affects lifetime especially at high voltages Used in semiconductor mainly for stress relief & now as isolation barrier Epoxy: Opto-couplers: Typical BV is 50 Vpeak/um Uses filler materials Leaky (higher partial discharge) Applied at packaging as mold compound Voids and anomalies are common••Internal ConstructionOptical: Isolation functionality added at package levelISO72x: Integrated at process levelADuM1100: Integrated at process levelHow are they constructed?Transmit - Chip HV-CapReceiver - ChipHigh Voltage Capacitor DetailMold compoundTop plate = AlBond wireThe change from copper to aluminum as new top plate material simplifies production and assures stable product delivery.Inter Level Dielectric (Tons of SiO2)Min 8µmBottom Plate = Silicon Substrate (doped)How do they work?The LF channel assures correct output signal polarity during loss of input signal (i.e. wire-break) HF and LF channels use differential signaling for high noise immunityHigh-Frequency Channelfor a 50:50 duty cycleCLOCK TRANSFER(Duty Cycle = 50:50)A (IN’) A BBC C D DLow-Frequency ChannelBetween A and D, the LF-channel works in the same way the HF channel does. The only differences are the pulse-width modulation at the beginning and the demodulation at the end.Terminology• Working or Operating Voltage (Vpk): Voltage that may be applied continuously across the Isolation barrier, mostly 560Vpk or 890Vpk • Isolation or Transient Voltage (Vrms): Voltage that may occur temporarily across the barrier (tested per VDE for 1 minute), mostly 4kVpk (relates to 3kVrms per UL, as tested for 10s only) or 6kVpk • Basic or Functional Isolation: - assumes a single level of isolation of certain strength - is applicable for most industrial applications and AC-equipment ≤ 400Vrms, and for consumer electronics. - is mostly rated at 560Vpk continuous, 4kVpk transient voltage. Reinforced Isolation: - assumes a single level of isolation providing the same reliability as a two-layer isolation. - is applicable for most medical applications and AC-equipment > 400Vrms. - is mostly rated at 890Vpk continuous, 6kVpk transient,10kV surge voltage. Medical needs 5kVrms transient. Common Mode Transient Immunity: CMTI discusses the quick change in Reference potential primary to secondary. It’s given as the dV/dt up to which no false toggling of the output will occur (e.g. 35kV/us). Usually scales ~ linearly with Vcc. Creepage and Clearance discusses the surface-distance that may conduct if wet/polluted, respectively the air-distance. For 560V/4kV mostly 5mm is sufficient, for 890V/6kV mostly 8mm is needed. Depends on pollution degree•••CMTICommon-Mode Transient EventSignals referenced to GND2GND1 GND2±∆ V 1 relative ground 2. CMTI – The change in groundMeasured in kV / μSec.Creepage and ClearanceCreepage distance: Shortest distance between two conductive leads, across isolation barrier, measured along surface of insulation. Clearance distance: Shortest distance between two conductive leads , across isolation barrier, measured through air (line of sight).Package/ designationCreepage mmClearance mmNarrow body SOIC/ D Gull wing / DUB Wide body SOIC/ DW4.3 6.8 8.14.8 6.1 8.34How reliable are they?Opto Signaling Rate (Mbps) Propagation Delay Time (ns) Pulse Width Distortion (ns) Channel-to-Channel skew (ns) Part-to-Part Skew (ns) ESD on all Pins (kV) CM Transient Immunity (kV/us) Temperature (oC) MTTF @ 125oC, 90% Confidence (yrs) FIT@ 125oC, 90% Confidence Magnetic Immunity @ 1 kHz (Wb/m2) Radiated Electromagnetic-Field Immunity IEC61000-4-3 (80MHz-1000MHz) MIL-STD 461E RS103 (30MHz-1000MHz) High-Voltage Lifetime Expectancy (yrs) 50 20 2 16 20 ±2 20 -45..125 8 14391 <5 Magnetic 150 32 2 2.0 10 ±2 25 -40..125 1746 65 102 Fails Fails < 10 Capacitive 150 12 1.5 1.6 2 ±4 25 -55..125 2255 50 108 Complies Complies > 28Competitive Comparison Magnetic ImmunityMagneticISO7221C1Mbps: Comparison of Radiated Noise Spectrum –Antenna HorizontalMagnetic: 1Mbps operation @ 5V VccISO7221: 1Mbps operation @ 5V Vcc25Mbps: Comparison of Radiated Noise Spectrum –Antenna HorizontalMagnetic: 25Mbps operation @ 5V VccISO7221: 25Mbps operation @ 5V VccHigh Voltage Lifetime –TDDB (time dependent dielectric breakdown)Competitive Comparison High Voltage LifetimeUsing widely accepted E-Model methodology1.E-051.E-041.E-031.E-021.E-011.E+001.E+011.E+021.E+031.E+0404008001200160020002400280032003600400044004800VrmsT i m e t o f a i l Y e a r sADUM1100ISO72xISO72x: Life expectancy is 28 years at 560Vpeak or 400VrmsCompetition: Life expectancy < 10 yearsHigh Voltage Lifetime: Temperature and Voltage Effect28201511594331230102*********705006007008009001000Vpeak (Working Voltage)L i f e t i m e i n Y e a r sTj = 150C Tj = 100C Tj = 85CDigital Interface Isolation PortfolioSingle Dual TripleQuad FunctionsISO721/2M ISO722xM ISO723xM ISO721/2ISO723xCISO723xA ISO150Bi-directionalAMC1203Delta-SigmaISO724xMISO724xCCF out selectISO724xAX = # back channelsX = # back channelsX = # back channelsISO722xB IsolatedPROFIBUSIsolated5V RS485Isolated3V RS485ISO10505V CANIsolated5/3V RS485w/TransISO742xIsolatedGate DriversISO722xC ISO722xAISO752xCSingle Channel Signal Isolators:ISO72x•4000Vpeak Isolation•560Vpeak continuous •Signaling Rate Options (ISO721B: 5Mbps, ISO721: 100Mbps, ISO721M: 150 Mbps)•UL 1577, IEC 60747-5-2 (VDE 0884, Rev. 2), IEC 61010-1 and CSA Approved • 3.3V/5V Operation (any combination)•25 kV/µs Transient Immunity and High Electromagnetic Immunity•Failsafe Output and High Impedance at Input and Output with Low VccDuals150MbpsTriplesx xx xx designates speed option: A = 1Mbps; C = 25Mbps; M = 150MbpsAll in DW packageQuad-channelx x x x designates speed option: A = 1Mbps; C = 25Mbps; M = 150MbpsAll in DW packageISO308x, ISO1x, ISO3x “Standard RS-485”• 3.3V and 5V•half-duplex and full-duplex(‘176 and ‘180 configuration)•1Mbps and25Mbps•no ISODE outputISO1176 : Isolated RS/485 ProfiBus •5V•half-duplex•25Mbps•optimized for Profibus-Applications •ISODE availableISO1050•5V CAN transceiver•ISO11898 compliant• 3.3V/5V isolated logic interface •High EM Immunity•15kV/us transient immunity•Bus fault protection of -27V to 40V •Dominant timeout function •Thermal Shutdown protection •High Input impedance with low Vcc •1MbpsISO RS-485 with Transformer Driver•Integrated transformer driver•Meets or Exceeds TIA/EIA RS-485•Bus-Pin ESD Protection 16kV GND2 & 6kV GND1•1Mbps / 20Mbps / 40Mbps•1/8 Unit load –256 nodes on a bus•Glitch-Free & Failsafe (Open, Shorted, Idle)•Silicon Integrated SiO 2Insulator•4kVpk / 2500Vrms Isolation, 560V Working -UL1577, IEC 60747-5-2 (VDE 0884, rev. 2) ,IEC 61010-1 & CSA pending•Energy Meter Networks •Power Inverters•Industrial Automation•Building Automation Networks •Motor Control •HVAC•Ease of isolated power design•Fully compliant to RS-485 Standard •High Reliability in Harsh Environments •Optimized for Long Cables Or High Speed •Large buses•Hot pluggable & Protected in all situations •Proven Reliability of SiO 2Insulation, Stable over Time, Temperature & Moisture -Life Span > 25 years @ 125o CEVM –ISO1176TEVM / ISO35TEVM / ISO3086TEVMRTM 3Q1020Mbps1Mbps 40Mbps Speed 5V RS4853V RS485Profibus Function SOIC-16 (DW)Full ISO35T SOIC-16 (DW)Half ISO1176T FullDuplex SOIC-16 (DW)ISO3086TPackage Part #ISO55xx FamilyIGBT Drivers with integrated safety features and adjustability•Silicon Integrated SiO2 Dielectric Capacitor •DESAT protection -fault feedback, soft turn off, UVLO•Adjustable DESAT level & blanking time, soft turn off option, UVLO options•200ns typ prop delay, 20ns typ pulse skew •4KV ESD on All Pins•3V and 5V Vcc1 Supported•5000Vrms Max/ 1200V working voltage -Wide SOIC Packages-UL1577, IEC 60747-5-2IEC 61010-1 & CSA pending•Industrial Motor Control•Industrial Power Supplies/ Inverters•HEV & EV power modules •Proven Reliability of SiO2Dielectric,-Life Span> 25 years•Improved safety & system performance •Unique fine tuning ability without discretes •Enabling low power application•High Immunity for Noisy Environments •High Reliability in Harsh Environments •Flexibility with Power Supplies•Certified by all 3 World Wide agenciesEVM ISO EVM -ISO55XX tbd ISO5513ISO5512ISO5511ISO5510ISO5501ISO5500Part #DESAT adjust, Blanking time adjust, UVLO = 9VDESAT adjust, Blanking time adjust, UVLO = 14VDESAT adjust, Soft turn off option, UVLO = 9VDESAT adjust, Soft turn off option, UVLO = 14VSeparate P and N channel outputs for slope controlP2P compatible with HCPL316JFeaturesWide SOIC-16 10V to 30VWide SOIC-16 15V to 30VWide SOIC-16 15V to 30VWide SOIC-16 15V to 30VWide SOIC-16 15V to 30VWide SOIC-16 10V to 30VPackage Voltage RangeRTM4Q10SamplesnowMotor Control reference designPLC reference designIsolated CAN reference designTI Makes Isolators Easy to UseGet Started TodayEvaluation modulesSamplesApplications supportIBIS modelsData sheetsTechnical documentationApplication notes on:High-Voltage LifetimeMagnetic Field ImmunityISO72x Family of DigitalIsolatorsComplements TI’s industrialproduct portfolio: interface,data converter, DSP, MCU,amplifier, power & logic Contact: Neel Seshan (neels@)Singles, Duals, Triples, QuadsPart Number Pin/Package DescriptionISO7218SOIC, 8SOP Single 100Mbps Digital IsolatorISO721M8SOIC Single 150Mbps Digital IsolatorISO7228SOIC Single 100Mbps Digital Isolator with Enable ISO722M8SOIC Single 150Mbps Digital Isolator with EnablePart Number Pin/Package DescriptionISO7230A16SOIC Triple Channel, 3/0, 1Mbps, Digital Isolator ISO7230C16SOIC Triple Channel, 3/0, 25Mbps, Digital Isolator ISO7230M16SOIC Triple Channel, 3/0, 150Mbps, Digital Isolator ISO7231A16SOIC Triple Channel, 2/1, 1Mbps, Digital Isolator ISO7231C16SOIC Triple Channel, 2/1, 25Mbps, Digital Isolator ISO7231M16SOIC Triple Channel, 2/1, 150Mbps, Digital Isolator Part Number Pin/Package DescriptionISO15012SOP Dual, Isolated, Bi-Directional Digital CouplerISO7220A8SOIC Dual Channel, 2/0, 1Mbps Digital IsolatorISO7220B8SOIC Dual Channel, 2/0, 5Mbps Digital IsolatorISO7220C8SOIC Dual Channel, 2/0, 25Mbps Digital IsolatorISO7220M8SOIC Dual Channel, 2/0, 150Mbps Digital IsolatorISO7221A8SOIC Dual Channel, 1/1, 1Mbps Digital IsolatorISO7221B8SOIC Dual Channel, 1/1, 5Mbps Digital IsolatorISO7221C8SOIC Dual Channel, 1/1, 25Mbps Digital IsolatorISO7221M8SOIC Dual Channel, 1/1, 150Mbps Digital IsolatorISO74208SOIC Low Power Dual Channel IsolatorsISO7420M8SOIC Low-Power Dual-Channel IsolatorsISO74218SOIC Dual Channel, 1/1, 200Mbps Digital IsolatorISO7421M8SOIC Enhanced Temperature Range Dual Channel, 1/1,200Mbps Digital IsolatorPart Number Pin/Package DescriptionISO7240A16SOIC Quad Channel, 4/0, 1Mbps, Digital IsolatorISO7240C16SOIC Quad Channel, 4/0, 25Mbps, Digital IsolatorISO7240CF16SOIC Quad, 4/0, 25Mbps, Digital Isolator, SelectableFailsafeISO7240M16SOIC Quad Channel, 4/0, 150Mbps, Digital Isolator ISO7241A16SOIC Quad Channel, 3/1, 1Mbps, Digital IsolatorISO7241C16SOIC Quad Channel, 3/1, 25Mbps, Digital IsolatorISO7241M16SOIC Quad Channel, 3/1, 150Mbps, Digital Isolator ISO7242A16SOIC Quad Channel, 2/2, 1Mbps, Digital IsolatorISO7242C16SOIC Quad Channel, 2/2, 25Mbps, Digital Isolator ISO7242M16SOIC Quad Channel, 2/2, 150Mbps, Digital IsolatorSINGLES DUALS TRIPLES QUADSIsolated TransceiversPart Number Pin/Package DescriptionISO10508SOP Isolated 5-V CAN TransceiversISO117616SOIC Isolated PROFIBUS RS-485 TransceiverISO1516SOIC Isolated 3.3-V Full & Half-Duplex RS-485 Transceivers ISO308016SOIC Isolated 5-V Full & Half-Duplex RS-485 Transceivers ISO308216SOIC Isolated 5-V Full & Half-Duplex RS-485 Transceivers ISO308616SOIC Isolated 5-V Full & Half-Duplex RS-485 Transceivers ISO308816SOIC Isolated 5-V Full & Half-Duplex RS-485 Transceivers ISO3516SOIC Isolated 3.3-V Full & Half-Duplex RS-485 Transceivers。