物流单证2

Text B Main Logistics Documents (2)Sea waybillA sea waybill is a transport document issued by a shipping company as an alternative to a B/L. It only performs two functions of a B/L, that is, as a receipt of goods and a contract of carriage. In other words, a sea waybill is not a document of title or a negotiable document, and thus can only be made out to a named consignee---the importer.The sea waybill indicates the "on board" loading of the goods and can be used in cases where no marine or ocean B/L, i.e., no document of title is required. For receipt of the goods, presentation of the sea waybill by the consignee named therein is not required, which can speed up processing at the port of destination.Air waybillAn air waybill (AWB) is a transport document issued by an airline used for the air transport of goods. That is, it is an air consignment note used for the carriage of goods by air.The air waybill is approximately equivalent to the sea freight B/L, but it is not a document of title to goods or a negotiable instrument in the same way as is an ocean B/L because the cargo would arrive at the destination airport days or sometimes weeks before the air waybill's arrival via the banking system. Therefore, the consignee is allowed to take delivery of the goods before receiving the air waybill.Each air waybill has three originals and at least 6 copies. The air waybill must be accurately completed, and clear and complete forwarding instructions must be given to the airline or agent for efficient service. The air waybill mainly functions as a receipt of the goods for dispatch, evidence of the contract of carriage between the carrier and the consignor, a freight bill specifying the charges respectively borne by the consignor and the agent, and a source document for clearance.The airline industry has adopted a standard formatted air waybill that accommodates both domestic and international traffic. The standard document was designed to enhance the application of modem computerized systems to air freight processing for both the carrier and the shipper.Combined transport document (MTD or CTD)A multimodai transport document evidences the contract of carriage of goods by at least two modes of transport, such as shipping by rail and by sea, issued by a multimodal transport operator under a multimodal transport contract.Multimodal transport document is quite similar to through B/L and combined transport B/L used for ocean transport, but is broader than them.Through B/L and combined transport B/L are always connected with sea, used for any transport combined with sea, while multimodal transport document may be applied to any kind of combined transport, not necessarily connected with sea transport. Several carriers are involved in through B/L, while multimodal transport document is issued by only one carrier, that is, multimodal transport operator.Multimodal transport document can be either negotiable or non-negotiable, and usually non-negotiable.Rail waybillA rail waybill, also called consignment note for rail transport or railway cargo receipt, serves as the contract of carriage between the railway and consignor, evidencing the receipt of the goods and the date of acceptance for carriage by the carrier. The rail waybill will be delivered with the cargo from the departure station to the consignee at the destination station against payment of the amounts by the consignee.A duplicate is given to the shipper as a receipt for acceptance of the goods. Unlike B/L, it is not a document Of title and is not negotiable. The rail waybill is subject to the International Convention for the Transport of Goods by Rail (CIM).Road waybillA road waybill, also called consigmnent note for road transport or CMR consignment note, which is similar to rail waybill in form and contents, stands for the contract for the carriage of goods by road in vehicles, completed by the sender and the carrier with the appropriate signatures and/or stamp.Like rail waybill, it evidences the place and date of taking over the goods and the place designated for delivery. It is not a transferable document or document of title either, and is subject to the Convention on Contract for the International Carriage for Goods by Road (CMR). Post parcel receipt and courier receiptThe post parcel receipt is issued by the post office for goods sent by post. It is both a receipt and evidence of dispatch, but it is not a document of title and goods should be consigned to the party specified in the credit.When the goods are sent by a courier or an express delivery service, a courier receipt will be issued. The worldwide famous express services are EMS, DHL, UPS and Federal Express. This mode of transport will be chosen when the goods are of the greatest concern. Courier service, especially the express delivery services, provide desk to desk service.Dock receipt and shipping orderDock receipt is a receipt maybe issued by a Port Authority to confirm receipt of the goods on the quay or warehouse before shipment. The dock receipt is used to transfer responsibility when an exported commodity is moved by the domestic carder to the port of shipment and left with the international carder for movement to its final destination.Shipping order (S/O) refers to instructions of shipper to carder for forwarding of goods, and it is usually the triplicate copy of the bill of lading.Compararative table for the functions of transport documentsIn international trade, there are many kinds of modes of transport, such as marine transport, air transport, rail transport, and road transport. Different transport documents are applicable to different modes of transport, and they may be a receipt of goods or a contract of carriage or the document of title to goods. The following isa comparative table for the functions of some transport documents.Notes:[1].Government documents include import/export licence, customs declaration form, inspection certificate, certificate of origin, generalized system of preferences certificate of origin form A, customs declaration entmstment note, foreign exchange cancellation-after-verification note, and export tax rebate form. 官方单证包括进／出口许可证、报关单、商检证、原产地证、普惠制产地证(表格A)、报关委托书、外汇核销单和出口退税单。