西方财务会计 chapter1共65页文档
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财务会计第1章
（3）、收入能引起企业所有者权益的增加。
（4）、收入只包括本企业经济利益的流入，而不包 括本为第三方或客户代收的款项。
主营业务收入
收入
其他业务收入
5、费用
费用是指企业销售商品、提供劳务等日常
活动所发生的经济利益的流出。
费用是为取得收入而付出的代价，因此费 用一定要与收入配比才能确定。
费用的特征：
（1）
负债、所有者权益
（3） 资产
（2）
（4） 负债、所有者权益
动态会计要素等式
收入—费用=利润 在会计期内，静态会计要素等式和动态会计要素等式 之间的内在联系是：
资产＝负债＋所有者权益+收入—费用 即：资产+费用＝负债＋所有者权益+收入
第四节 会计 法规体系 一、会计法
是我国会计工作的根本大法（也叫母法），是从事会 计工作、制定其他各种会计法规的依据。（第一层次）
1.客观性原则； 也叫真实性原则，或叫可靠性原则
2.可比性原则 （横向比较 ）
3.一贯性 原则 （纵向比较 ） 又叫一致性原则
4.相关性原则 又叫有用性原则
5.及时性原则
6.明晰性 又称可理解性原则
（二）体现会计要素确认和计量的一般原则 1、权责发生制原则
又叫应收应付制 2、配比原则
3、历史成本原则 又叫实际成本原则
3、所有者权益 所有者权益是企业投资人人对企业净资产的要求权，或者
说索求权，所有权。（也可以表述为：是所有者在企业资产中 享有的经济益，）其金额为资产减去负债后的余额。
所有者权益的特征 （1）、所有者权益代表的资产可供企业长期使用，无须偿还 （2）、所有者权益代表的资产是企业清偿 债务的物质保证， 是企业亏损的承担者； （3.）、所有者权益拥有分享 税后利润的 权利
西方财务会计02(1)
business.
Owners’ Equity
Changes in Owners’ Equity
•Owners’ Investments
•Business Earnings
•Payments to Owners •Business
Losses
The Accounting Equation
• The accounting equation displays that all assets are either financed by borrowing money or paying with the money of the company’s stockholders.
Creditors
Two concerns: Liquidity
• Now, let’s review how JJ’s transactions affected the accounting equation.(the expanded accounting equation p50)
Income Statement
Statement of Cash Flows
Overnight Auto Service p44
• Business entity: Overnight Auto Service
• Accounting policies:
– Prepare formal financial statements
On Jan 21, McBryan and his family invested $8,000 in Overnight Auto Service and received
800 shares of stock.
Owners’ Equity
Changes in Owners’ Equity
•Owners’ Investments
•Business Earnings
•Payments to Owners •Business
Losses
The Accounting Equation
• The accounting equation displays that all assets are either financed by borrowing money or paying with the money of the company’s stockholders.
Creditors
Two concerns: Liquidity
• Now, let’s review how JJ’s transactions affected the accounting equation.(the expanded accounting equation p50)
Income Statement
Statement of Cash Flows
Overnight Auto Service p44
• Business entity: Overnight Auto Service
• Accounting policies:
– Prepare formal financial statements
On Jan 21, McBryan and his family invested $8,000 in Overnight Auto Service and received
800 shares of stock.
英文版财务会计PPT1.pptx
Copyright © 2007 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved
16
Stable-Monetary-Unit Concept
• Assumes that the dollar’s purchasing power is stable
Copyright © 2007 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved
Copyright © 2007 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved
12
Entity Concept
• Accounting Entity – organization that stands apart as a separate economic unit
Copyright © 2007 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved
Copyright © 2007 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved
22
Transactions that Affect
Owner’s Equity
OWNER’S EQUITY
INCREASES
OWNER’S EQUITY DECREASES
Owner Investments
• IMA – Institute of Management Accountants
Copyright © 2007 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved
6
Ethics
• Audit
– Examination of company’s financial situation – Performed by independent accountants
财务会计理论课件(第一、二章)
的方法程序。
比如，编制会计分录时只能一借一贷、一借多贷
或多借一贷;当发生现金与银行存款之间的村提业务时
，只需编制付款凭证等等。
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案例:银广夏
1994年上市,2001年因制造虚假会计信息被调查
➢信息披露违规主要特征——造假 伪造销售合同、伪造出口报关单（2000年披露出口额8200万
美元,实际出口33571美元;1999年披露出口额2555万美元，实 际出口482万美元）、伪造金融票据、伪造免税文件，虚构主营 业务收入、虚构巨额利润7.45亿元.
5
第一章 财务会计理论概述
一、财务会计理论的起源
（一）会计理论内涵的理解 两个问题:
第一、理论从哪里来？ 第二、会计有哪些理论？
马克思主义哲学——理论来自于实践 两种认识
西方实证主义哲学——理论来自于观察 无论何种学科,理论和概念都是在历史的持续中形成并发 展起来的。 约公元前3600年时，罗马建筑师就曾对砌墙的价值通过 成本等因素而予以确定。
2
我们正处在一个科技时代,同时也是一个会计 时代，在这个时代里，掌握一些会计知识已成 为人们的基本要求。
—— 萨缪尔森
3
主要参考书
现代财务会计理论——清华大学出版社,2006年9月版 其他参考资料:
1.Financial Accounting Theory ,William R.Scott,机械工业出版社 2. Accounting Theory ,Ahmed Riahi-Belkoui,上海财经大学出版社 3.现代会计理论,陈令池，立信会计出版社 4.会计理论，薛云奎、钱逢胜，上海财经大学出版社 5.会计理论（英文版）Wolk.H.I,Teatney.M.G（美），东北财经大学出
西方财务会计PPT课件
二、在不同条件下商品购入和商品销售的帐务处理 （1）购货与销货的记录：购货方须运用“购货”帐户，销货方需运用
“销货”帐户； （2）退货及折让货款的记录：购货方须运用“购货退还及折让”，销
货方需运用“销货退回及折让”帐户； （3）运费的记录：不同条件下，有这不同的帐务处理方法； （4）付款和收款的记录：应用“应付帐款”、“应收帐款”、“现金”
第五章 商业帐款与商业票据 要求：
熟练地掌握应收与应付帐款、应收与应付 票据的帐务处理。 重点： 1、应收帐款坏帐损失的计提； 2、应收、应付票据及其贴现的帐务处理。
一、商业帐款的帐务处理
在第三章论述商品购销业务的帐务处理程序时，已同时说明了应收、应 付帐款的帐务处理程序，因此，在本章中，只是对应收帐款帐务处 理中的特殊问题加以论述，包括坏帐损失、分期收款销货。
第六章 存货 要求：
熟练地掌握存货发出的计价方法和期末存 货计价中成本与市价孰低规则的应用。 重点： 1、各种存货发出计价方法及其适用性； 2、成本与市价孰低规则的应用。
一、存货帐务处理的基本程序 1、存货的定义及范围。 2、存货成本的构成。 3、存货内部控制的基本原则。 4、定期盘存制与永续盘存制下存货的帐务处理： 定期盘存制和永续盘存制含义；定期盘存制与永续盘存制下购货和销货
2、资产负债表的会计恒等式 资产=负债+业主权益 收益表的关系式：收益—费用＝净收益
因为业主权益的变动时有以下两个所引起的： （1）投资与派得；（2）企业的净收益， 所以，对会计恒等式中业主权益这一要素也可以表达成：
业主权益＝业主出资＋净收益－业主派得
四、财务报表的基本形式
资产负债表、收益表、业主权益表三个报表实际上都是上述三个关系 式的展开。
西方财务会计1-PPT文档资料29页
Page 14
Types of Accounting Information
1Financial Accounting
- Provides data for external users
- Is required by SEC/FASB - Is subject to GAAP - Must generate accurate
and timely data - Emphasizes the past - Look at the business as a
whole - Primarily stands by itself
2Management Accounting
- Provides data for internal users - Is not mandated by SEC/FASB - Is not subject to GAAP - Emphasizes relevance and
Eyeing the man in the balloon the passer by says: "You are in a downed balloon in a farmer's field.”
"You must be an accountant, sir," replied the balloon's unhappy resident.
- Provides data for external users
- Is required by SEC/FASB - Is subject to GAAP - Must generate accurate
and timely data - Emphasizes the past - Look at the business as a
西方财务会计1
The first level consists of objectives.
The second level explains financial elements and characteristics of information.
The third level incorporates recognition and measurement criteria.
1.2 COMPARISON BETWEEN FINANCIAL AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
Management Accounting ---- The process of developing and reporting accounting information for internal users who have direct access to the information preparing.
1.2 COMPARISON BETWEEN FINANCIAL AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
Financial Accounting ---- The process of developing and reporting financial information for external users who do not have direct access to the information preparing which should be in accordance with General Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP).
1.3 THE FASB’S FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
The second level explains financial elements and characteristics of information.
The third level incorporates recognition and measurement criteria.
1.2 COMPARISON BETWEEN FINANCIAL AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
Management Accounting ---- The process of developing and reporting accounting information for internal users who have direct access to the information preparing.
1.2 COMPARISON BETWEEN FINANCIAL AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
Financial Accounting ---- The process of developing and reporting financial information for external users who do not have direct access to the information preparing which should be in accordance with General Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP).
1.3 THE FASB’S FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
西方财务会计复习资料全
《西方财务会计》复习资料一般期末考试题型：一、判断题二、单项选择题三、多项选择题四、论述题五、业务题各章要求重点掌握的容：第一章：概论1．财务会计与管理会计的区别2．会计信息的质量特征3．各会计假设与会计原则（理解并能应用，不要求背诵）第二章：会计循环1．资产及其特征2．会计等式3．借贷记账法、日记账与分类账的应用4．试算表5．第三节应计制与账项调整6．会计循环的各个步骤第三章：商品购销业务1．购销业务的处理，（1）退货与折让货款（2）商业折扣与现金折扣（总价法与净价法）（3）运费2．销货成本的确定第四章：现金收支业务1．现金的围2．现金部控制的方法3．零用现金的会计处理4．银行余额的调节第五章：应收账款与应收票据1．第二节：应收账款坏账的处理2．第四节：应收票据第六章：存货1．第一节存货的种类和围2．第二节存货数量的确定3．第三节存货成本的确定（不包括成本与市价孰低法）第七章：对外投资1．投资的分类与计价2．债务性证券投资的会计处理（交易性和可供出售证券）3．权益性证券投资的会计处理（交易性和可供出售证券）4．成本法与权益法（看课件容）第八章：厂场资产、自然资源和无形资产1．厂场资产的特点2．长期资产的计价3．第二节厂场资产取得的会计处理（不包括非货币性交易）4．第三节厂场资产折旧及折旧的计算5．厂场资产的处置6．无形资产及其特征第九章：流动负债1．负债及其特点2．第三节金额确定的流动负债3．第六节或有负债第十章：长期负债1．第一节长期负债的特点2．公司债券的计价及其帐务处理（涉及债券发行、折价和溢价摊销、赎回等，以直线摊销法为主）第十一章：股东权益全章容重要（涉及股票发行、库藏股、股利等）第十二章：合伙企业业主权益（不要求）第十三章：财务报表1．财务报表的种类2．收益表及其作用3．资产负债表及其作用4．股东权益表及其作用5．第四节现金流量表（要求理解，掌握方法，不考具体编表）第十四章：财务报表分析1．第一节财务报表分析的目的和方法2．如何进行横向分析和纵向分析3．第三节比率分析法4．财务报表分析的局限性★考核知识点:会计的概念附1.1（考核知识点解释）会计的主要目的在于向决策者提供财务信息，以帮助他们做出有关财务事项的最有利的决策。
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1.3 THE FASB’S FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
1.3-1 Objectives of the Conceptual Framework
The Framework is to be the foundation for building a set of coherent accounting standards and rules.
Accounting information and decision makers
Accounting information
Financial accounting
External Decision makers
Management Accounting
Internal Decision makers
Chapter 1
The Financial Accounting Conceptual Framework And The Accounting EqБайду номын сангаасation
1.1 ACCOUNTING
A service activity ---- Provide useful information about economic entities to interested parties
1.2 COMPARISON BETWEEN FINANCIAL AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
Management Accounting ---- The process of developing and reporting accounting information for internal users who have direct access to the information preparing.
GAAP
Generally accepted accounting principles are the measurement rules used to develop the information in financial statement. They are those guidelines which indicate how to report economic events. They consist of a number of concepts,principles and procedures.
1.2 COMPARISON BETWEEN FINANCIAL AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
Financial Accounting ---- The process of developing and reporting financial information for external users who do not have direct access to the information preparing which should be in accordance with General Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP).
The Conceptual Framework
The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issues Statements of Financial Accounting Concepts. These statements constitute the conceptual framework of accounting.
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has the authority to determine the financial statements to be provided to stockholders and the measurement rules applied in producing the statements. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) is currently recognized as the group responsible for establishing GAAP.
And a measurement-communication activity---The usefulness of accounting information depends on effective measurement of the economic activities and effective communication of those measurements to users of that information.
The Framework is to be a reference of basic accounting theory for solving emerging practical problems of reporting.
1.3-2 Overview of the Conceptual Framework ---- Three levels of objectives elements and principles
The first level consists of objectives.
The second level explains financial elements and characteristics of information.
The third level incorporates recognition and measurement criteria.