2021考研英语一真题及答案解析
2021考研英语一真题及答案解析SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreach
numberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10
points)
Fluidintelligenceisthetypeofintelligencethathastodo
withshort-termmemoryandtheabilitytothinkquickly,
logically,andabstractlyinordertosolvenewproblems.It
_____(1)inyoungadulthood,levelsoutforaperiodoftime,
andthen_____(2)startstoslowlydeclineasweage.
But_____(3)agingisinevitable,scientistsarefindingthat
certainchangesinbrainfunctionmaynotbe.
Onestudyfoundthatmusclelossandthe_____(4)ofbodyfat
aroundtheabdomenareassociatedwithadeclineinfluid
intelligence.Thissuggeststhe_____(5)thatlifestylefactors
mighthelppreventor_____(6)thistypeofdecline.
Theresearcherslookedatdatathat_____(7)measurementsof
leanmuscleandabdominalfatfrommorethan4,000
middle-to-older-agedmenandwomenand_____(8)thatdatatoreportedchangesinfluidintelligenceoverasix-yearperiod.
Theyfoundthatmiddle-agedpeople_____(9)highermeasuresof
abdominalfat_____(10)worseonmeasuresoffluidintelligence
astheyears_____(11).
Forwomen,theassociationmaybe_____(12)tochangesin
immunitythatresultedfromexcessabdominalfat;inmen,the
immunesystemdidnotappeartobe_____(13)Itishopedthat
futurestudiescould_____(14)thesedifferencesandperhaps
leadtodifferent_____(15)formenandwomen.
_____(16)therearestepsyoucan_____(17)tohelpreduce
abdominalfatandmaintainleanmusclemassasyouageinorder
toprotectbothyourphysicalandmental_____(18).Thetwo
highlyrecommendedlifestyleapproachesaremaintainingor
increasingyour_____(19)ofaerobicexerciseandfollowing
Mediterranean-style_____(20)thatishighinfiberand
eliminateshighlyprocessedfoods.
1.【题干】1._____
【选项】
A.pause
B.returC.peak
D.fade
【答案】C
2.【题干】2._____
【选项】
A.alternatively
B.formally
C.accidentally
D.generally
【答案】D
3.【题干】3._____
【选项】
A.while
B.since
C.once
D.until
【答案】A
4.【题干】4._____【选项】
A.detectio
B.accumulatio
C.consumptio
D.separatio
【答案】B
5.【题干】5._____
【选项】
A.possibility
B.decisio
C.goal
D.requirement
【答案】A
6.【题干】6._____
【选项】
A.delay
B.ensure
C.seekD.utilize
【答案】A
7.【题干】7._____
【选项】
A.modify
B.supported
C.included
D.predicted
【答案】C
8.【题干】8._____
【选项】
A.devoted
B.compared
C.converted
D.applied
【答案】B
9.【题干】9._____
【选项】A.with
B.above
C.by
D.against
【答案】A
10.【题干】10._____
【选项】
A.above
B.managed
C.scored
D.played
【答案】C
11.【题干】11._____
【选项】
A.ranout
B.setoff
C.drewi
D.wentby【答案】D
12.【题干】12._____
【选项】
A.superior
B.attributable
C.parallel
D.resistant
【答案】B
13.【题干】13._____
【选项】
A.restored
B.isolated
C.involved
D.controlled
【答案】C
14.【题干】14._____
【选项】
A.alterB.spread
C.remove
D.explai
【答案】D
15.【题干】15._____
【选项】
A.compensatio
B.symptom
C.demand
D.treatments
【答案】D
16.【题干】16._____
【选项】
A.Likewise
B.Meanwhile
C.Therefore
D.Instead
【答案】B17.【题干】17._____
【选项】
A.change
B.watch
C.count
D.take
【答案】D
18.【题干】18._____
【选项】
A.well-being
B.proce
C.formatio
D.coordinatio
【答案】A
19.【题干】19._____
【选项】
A.level
B.loveC.knowledge
D.space
【答案】A
20.【题干】20._____
【选项】
A.desig
B.routine
C.diet
D.prescriptio
【答案】C
PartB
Directions:
Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.For
Questions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizethese
paragraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelist
A-Gandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsCand
Fhavebeencorrectlyplaced.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.
(10points)
A.Staycalm.B.Stayhumble.
C.Decidewhethertowait
D.Berealisticabouttherisks.
E.Don'tmakejudgements.
F.Identifyasharedgoal.
G.Askpermissiontodisagree.
Howtodisagreewithsomeonemorepowerfulthanyou
Yourbossproposesanewinitiativeyouthinkwon'twork.
Yourseniorcolleagueoutlinesaprojecttimelineyoubelieve
isunrealistic.Whatdoyouseewhenyoudisagreewithsomeone
whohasmorepowerthanyoudo?Howdoyoudecidewhetherit's
worthspeakingup?Andifyoudo,whatexactlyshouldyousay?
Here'showtodisagreewithsomeonemorepowerfulthanyou.
41.
Youmaydecideit'sbesttoholdoffonvoicingyouropinion.
Maybeyouhaven'tfinishedthinkingtheproblemthrough,oryou
wanttogetaclearersenseofwhatthegroupthinks.Ifyou
thinkotherpeoplearegoingtodisagree,too,youmightwant
togatheryourarmyfirst.Peoplecancontributeexperienceor
informationtoyourthinking一allthethingsthatwouldmake
2021年考研英语一阅读理解考试真题答案
2021年考研英语一阅读理解考试真题答案（真题+答案）
Section II Reading Comprehension Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text
by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
How can the train operators possibly justify yet another increase to rail
passenger fares? It has become a grimly reliable annual ritual: every January the
cost of travelling by train rises, imposing a significant extra burden on those who
have no option but to use the rail network to get to work or otherwise. This year's
rise, an average of 2.7 per cent, may be a fraction lower than last year's, but it is still
well above the official Consumer Price Index (CPI) measure of inflation.
Successive governments have permitted such increases on the grounds that
the cost of investing in and running the rail network should be borne by those who
2021考研英语试题(1)
2021年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一真题及答案
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on
ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should
not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsohn
suspected the truth was 11 .
He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13
applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were
15 used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or
GMAT, a standardized exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept
2021考研《英语(一)》真题答案(完整 文都版)
第 1 页 共 6 页
2021考研《英语(一)》真题答案(完整 文都版)
Section I Use of English
1. C few
2. C run
3. B If
4. D literally
5. A back
6. B off
7. D unfamiliar
8. C way
9. A so
10. D eventually
11. A surprised
12. B option
13. D For example
14. C spot
15. B through
16. D breaks
17. A artificial
18. A Finally
第 2 页 共 6 页 19. B mark
20. C lead
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Text 1
21. A enhance banker's sense of responsibility
22. D "short-termism" in economic activities
23. B adverse
24. C the approaches to promoting "long-termism"
25. B Patience as a Corporate Virtue
Text 2
26. D The influence of consumer culture
27. A To help freshmen adapt to college learning
28. A obtain more financial support
29. C to be identical with each other
30. C analyzing the causes behind it
2021年考研《英语一》阅读真题及答案(跨考版)
第 1 页 共 22 页
2021年考研《英语一》阅读真题及答案(跨考版)
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below
each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the
ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is
one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential
campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?
Don't dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S.
jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a
University of Oxford study, with the middle class
disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening
or day care don't appeal to robots. But many middle-class
occupations-trucking, financial advice, software engineering
— have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the
2021年考研英语(一)真题及答案(跨考版)
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2021年考研英语(一)真题及答案(跨考版)
1. 【答案】C peaks
【解析】此处考察词义辨析+句间逻辑关系。文章首段首句为主题句，谈到一个概念：流体智力(fluid intelligence)，是一种智力类型，它与短期记忆和快速、逻辑和抽象地思考以解决新问题的能力有关。想要解决空格处需要分析整句话的逻辑关系。前文提到青年人，后文提到这种流体智力智力随着年龄增长会慢慢下降，所以根据时间发展的关系，前面提到这种智力在青年时达到峰值(peaks)，并且会停留一段时间，随后随着年龄的增长会逐渐下降。正确答案为peaks。pauses 暂停;return 恢复，返回;fades 逐渐消退。
2. 【答案】D generally
【解析】此处考察词汇辨析。根据上一道题目的具体分析，不难得出空格处应该是对这种普遍现象得修饰，we age 体现我们大所数人，所以应该选择D generally。alternatively 要不然，或者(二者择其一); formally 正式地，正规地;accidentally 偶然地。
3. 【答案】A while
【解析】此处考察句内逻辑关系。空格处所在句子是以转折词But 开始，但考察句内之间的意思转折：但是， 3 年纪增长不可避免，科学家发现某些大脑功能不会发生变化。年纪增长和科学家的发现是对立的观点，所以应该选择while，尽管。since 因为;当......
第 2 页 共 24 页 时;once 一旦;until 直到。
4. 【答案】C consumption
【解析】 此处考察词义辨析+句内逻辑关系。并列连词and将空格处与前文muscle loss并列，行车前后近义词的关系，那么空格处要选择一个与肌肉消失表达意思相近的词。所给选项中只有C选项consumption意思是消耗的意思，带入原文符合句意。detection 侦查，勘察;accumulation 积累，积攒，增加;separation 分开，分离。
2021年考研《英语一》阅读理解答案(海文版)
第 1 页 共 13 页
2021年考研《英语一》阅读理解答案(海文版)
Text 1
21、【答案】A enhance banks’ sense of responsibility
【解析】根据题干可知这是一道典型的细节题。根据题干关键词“paragraph 1”和“one motive in imposing the new rule”回文定位在第一段第三句“The main purpose of this ‘clawback’ rule
is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to
restore public trust in financial institutions.”(这个规则主要目的是让银行家为不良风险负责以及修复公众对金融机构的信任)，对比所给四个选项，只有A项 enhance banks’ sense of
responsibility (增加银行的责任感)与原文表述一致，故为正确答案。B项“help corporations achieve profits”(帮助公司获得利润)以及C项“build a new system of financial regulation”(建立新的金融监管体系)在原文中并未提及。D项“guarantee the
bonuses of top executives”(保证高管的奖金)与原文“…any
guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years…”(高管的任何有保证的奖金会被延迟10年)表述相反，故排除。
22、【答案】D “short-termism” in economic activities
【解析】根据题干中的“Alfred Marshall”回文定位在第二段最后一句“Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial
2021年考研《英语一》翻译真题及答案(跨考版)
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2021年考研《英语一》翻译真题及答案(跨考版)
Part C Translation
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the
underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be
written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
46) By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the
passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms
under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy.
【解析】本句主干为Europe was witnessing the passing and
the creation。句首by the date of his birth，考查代词指代，回上文可知为：莎士比亚。under the incentive of classical
tragedy and comedy为定语，修饰the creation。
【参考译文】莎士比亚出生之时，宗教戏剧在欧洲正逐渐消亡，而在经典悲剧和戏剧的激发下，这里正在形成各种新的戏剧形式。
47) no boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant
that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to
Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.
2021年考研英语一-解析
1题号：1.【答案】B。解析：浏览各项，迅速定位出关键线索点。根据已知G段落最后一句
提到Histhreebiggestpredictionsforthefuturehaveanepoch-makinginfluence.他对未来的三
大预言具有划时代的影响。紧接着B段Let’sstartwiththebigone,doomsday.首先是“末日”
这个宏大的话题。
题号：2.【答案】D。解析：浏览各项，迅速定位出关键线索点。thosemonths,运用代词指
代关系定位法，浏览各个段落会发现只有B段落出现month这个关键词，并且D项中的关
键词change,对应B项中的climatechange。浏览E项，迅速定位出关键线索点Besidesthe
doomsdaytheory。Besides是表达“递进逻辑关系”的标志词，也就是说，出现在项E之前
的段落必须与之形成递进逻辑关系。本段中除doomsday是之前段落中提到的霍金的一大预
言之外，又提到了AI，可知本段又开始介绍他的另一大预言。
题号：3.【答案】A。解析：浏览各项，迅速定位出关键线索点。E段落提到AI,gloomy，浏
览几个段落发现A段落出现这两个关键词，并且However，放在段首表示强转折。E段末句
也和A段首句语义相反。
题号：4.【答案】C。解析：浏览各项，迅速定位出关键线索点。A段末句提到whatwouldwe
do?，我们在几个段落中排查，发现C段落开头是提出做法的，并且C段落句首这句话中的
rain,robot在A段末句都有出现。
题号：5.【答案】F。解析：浏览各项，迅速定位出关键线索点。C段末句是由两个并列的
why引导的宾语从句。接下来的段落应该是回答why提出的问题，F段首foronesimple
reason，与C段落构成逻辑上的起承转合。并且F段首句中的AlphaCentauri在C段第一次
出现。
题号：6.【答案】B。解析：浏览各项，迅速定位出关键线索点。G段末句Marxhaspassedaway,
2021年考研英语一完形填空真题解析(启航)
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2021年考研英语一完形填空真题解析(启航)
1.选[A] 主谓搭配+词义搭配
解析：文章首句提出：In 1924 America's National Research
Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial
experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the
Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. 第二句是要说明这个实验的目的。[A]项 affect 意思是“影响，感动”; [B] achieve意思是“达成，完成”; [C]extract意思是“提取，榨出”;[D]restore是“恢复，重建”. 该句的意思是：他们想通过实验探究车间照明是如何影响工人的生产率的，所以答案是[A] 从后面关于工厂女工的描述来看也应该选affect.
2. 选[B] 动词短语固定搭配
解析：本题考查了固定短语end up 的用法，end up 意思是“最终成为……”，end 和其它三个介词的搭配都无此意，故选[B]
3. 选[C]
解析：本句的大意为：研究最终总结为一个极具影响力的概念—“霍桑效应”，也正是这一实验研究的行为改变了工人们的行为表现。所以这里应选择[C]
4. 选[B]
解析：本句后面的一句：当照明灯变亮或变暗时，工人的时产量
第 2 页 共 4 页 就会提高。作者这里表达的意思是这个问题之所以引起大家的注意是因为工厂女工的行为令人费解。四个选项中perplexing意为“令人费解的、迷惑的”，所以正确答案为[B]
5. 选[C]
解析：本句的含义是：根据研究描述，当照明灯变亮或变暗时，工人的时产量就会提高。四个选项中有描述含义的是[C] accounts。B项的意思是：解释、说明，在这里是要反映实验的状况，而不是解释实验，所以排除。[A]和[D] 项可以直接排除。
2021年考研英语一真题及参考答案
及参考答案
Section ⅠUse of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered
blank and mark A, B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Fluid intelligence is the type of intelligence that has to do with short-term
memory and the ability to think quickly, logically, and abstractly in order to solve
new problems. It 1 in young adulthood, levels out for a period of time, and then
2 starts to slowly decline as we age. But 3 aging is inevitable, scientists
are finding out that certain changes in brain function may not be.
One study found that muscle 1oss and the 4 of body fat around the abdomen
are associated with a decline in fluid intelligence. This suggests the 5 that
lifestyle factors might help prevent or 6 this type of decline.
The researchers looked at data that 7 measurements of lean muscle and