创新的数据库技术--DB12C
12c 简单至极的静默方式创建数据库
12c 简单至极的静默方式创建数据库2015-02-09 20:21:25分类：Oracle12c 官方文档上建议创建数据库使用AL32UTF8字符集，并给出了一个静默模式快速安装数据库的一个小例子。
Oracle建议安装数据库时采用AL32UTF8字符集，它对于全世界各种不同语言支持的较好。
改变字符集是一个复杂而繁重的工作，最好不要再修改。
所以建议使用AL32UTF8。
即便是Oracle建议使用该字符集，在DBCA创建数据库的时候默认选项并不是AL32UTF8，而是基于操作系统当前的语言区域选定的，比如WE8MSWIN1252。
Oracle recommends AL32UTF8 as the database character set. AL32UTF8 is Oracle's name for the UTF-8 encoding of the Unicode standard. The Unicode standard is the universal character set that supports most of the currently spoken languages of the world. The use of the Unicode standard is indispensable for any multilingual technology, including database processing.下面来执行一次这个建库语句，感受这简单至极的过程，字符集采用AL32UTF8[oracle@test ~]$ dbca -silent -createDatabase -templateName General_Purpose.dbc -gdbname -sid oradb -responseFile NO_VALUE -characterSetAL32UTF8 -memoryPercentage 30 -emConfiguration LOCALEnter SYS user password:Enter SYSTEM user password:Copying database files1% complete3% complete11% complete18% complete26% complete33% complete37% completeCreating and starting Oracle instance40% complete45% complete50% complete55% complete56% complete60% complete62% completeCompleting Database Creation66% complete70% complete73% complete85% complete96% complete100% completeLook at the log file "/12c/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/oradb/oradb.log" for further details.[oracle@test ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=oradb[oracle@test ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Fri Jan 30 17:02:50 2015Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing optionsSYS@oradb >show parameter nameNAME TYPE VALUE------------------------------------ -----------------------------------------cell_offloadgroup_name stringdb_file_name_convert stringdb_name string oradbdb_unique_name string oradbglobal_names boolean FALSEinstance_name string oradblock_name_space stringlog_file_name_convert stringpdb_file_name_convert stringprocessor_group_name stringservice_names string SYS@oradb >SYS@oradb >select name from v$datafile;NAME--------------------------------------------------------------------------------/12c/app/oracle/oradata/oradb/system01.dbf/12c/app/oracle/oradata/oradb/sysaux01.dbf/12c/app/oracle/oradata/oradb/undotbs01.dbf/12c/app/oracle/oradata/oradb/users01.dbf[oracle@test ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=oradb[oracle@test ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Fri Jan 30 17:02:50 2015Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing optionsSYS@oradb >show parameter nameNAME TYPE VALUE------------------------------------ -----------------------------------------cell_offloadgroup_name stringdb_file_name_convert stringdb_name string oradbdb_unique_name string oradbglobal_names boolean FALSEinstance_name string oradblock_name_space stringlog_file_name_convert stringpdb_file_name_convert stringprocessor_group_name stringservice_names string SYS@oradb >SYS@oradb >select name from v$datafile;NAME--------------------------------------------------------------------------------/12c/app/oracle/oradata/oradb/system01.dbf/12c/app/oracle/oradata/oradb/sysaux01.dbf/12c/app/oracle/oradata/oradb/undotbs01.dbf/12c/app/oracle/oradata/oradb/users01.dbf。
利用OracleDatabase12c实现万无一失的安全性课件
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利用OracleDatabase12c实现万无一失的安全性
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利用OracleDatabase12c实现万无一失的安全性
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Oracle 数据库审有计条件
统一审计
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利用OracleDatabase12c实现万无一失的安全性
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口令校验器、证书签名、 DBMS_CRYPTO 使用 SHA-512
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ORACLE 12c新特性 可插拔
Oracle 12C引入了CDB与PDB的新特性，在ORACLE 12C数据库引入的多租用户环境（Multitenant Environment）中，允许一个数据库容器（CDB）承载多个可插拔数据库（PDB）。
CDB全称为Container Database，中文翻译为数据库容器，PDB全称为Pluggable Database，即可插拔数据库。
在ORACLE 12C之前，实例与数据库是一对一或多对一关系（RAC）：即一个实例只能与一个数据库相关联，数据库可以被多个实例所加载。
而实例与数据库不可能是一对多的关系。
当进入ORACLE 12C后，实例与数据库可以是一对多的关系。
下面是官方文档关于CDB与PDB的关系图。
其实大家如果对SQL SERVER比较熟悉的话，这种CDB与PDB是不是感觉和SQL SERVER的单实例多数据库架构是一回事呢。
像PDB$SEED可以看成是master、msdb等系统数据库，PDBS可以看成用户创建的数据库。
而可插拔的概念与SQL SERVER中的用户数据库的分离、附加其实就是那么一回事。
看来ORACLE也“抄袭”了一把SQL SERVER 的概念，只是改头换面的包装了一番。
CDB组件（Components of a CDB）一个CDB数据库容器包含了下面一些组件：ROOT组件ROOT又叫CDB$ROOT, 存储着ORACLE提供的元数据和Common User,元数据的一个例子是ORACLE提供的PL/SQL包的源代码，Common User 是指在每个容器中都存在的用户。
SEED组件Seed又叫PDB$SEED,这个是你创建PDBS数据库的模板，你不能在Seed中添加或修改一个对象。
一个CDB中有且只能有一个Seed. 这个感念，个人感觉非常类似SQL SERVER中的model数据库。
PDBSCDB中可以有一个或多个PDBS，PDBS向后兼容，可以像以前在数据库中那样操作PDBS，这里指大多数常规操作。
甲骨文数据库12c综述
超过 500 个新功能
Consolidation Replay (Part of RAT), Database As A Service (Part of Cloud Management), real time ADDM (Part of Diagnostics), Oracle Advanced Analytics (new DB Option replaces Data Mining), InDatabase MapReduce / Pattern Matching, 1/3 rack Big Data Appliance Heat Map, Automatic Data Optimization (Part of Advanced Compression) Far Sync and Global Data Services (Part of Active Data Guard), Application Continuity (Part of Active Data Guard and Real Application Cluster) Data Redaction, Privilege Analysis, Data Masking at source, Sensitive Data Discovery (Part of Advanced Security and Data Masking) In-Memory Option
Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
数据压缩
减少存储消耗，提高读性能
热数据 11101010101010100 10101010111010100110101110 11010101010110100 00010100010110111010101001 01011011000110100 01001001000010001010101101 10100000100111000 00101101001110000101001001 10101011010010110 01000010010000100010101011 10010110001010010 10011010 01111100100100001 0001010101101000 温数据 10101010111010100 11010111000010100 01011011101010100 10100100100001000 10101011010010110 10011100001010010 01010000100100001 0001010101101001
主1-5-风云再起-Oracle Database 12c新特性和最佳实践-盖国强
Oracle 2015: All About Cloud
Integrated
Easy Migra/on
Security
Oracle 2014: All About Cloud
Oracle 12c Designed for the Cloud
By : Andrew Mendelsohn
企业数据架构的痛点-合久必分 分久必合
企业的经历：
• • • • • • • • • • 数据累积 性能衰减 拆分数据表 分割数据库 分布式数据库 异构与迁移 业务驱动的数据库分拆 提升性能 提高稳定性 保障数据安全 降低TCO
企业的目标：
Security
Applica/on Data Integrity
• 类似如下查询可以完全执行 in silicon
SQL:
SELECT count(*) Sojware in Silicon
…WHERE lo_orderdate = d_datekey …AND lo_partkey = 1059538 AND d_year_monthnum BETWEEN 201311 AND 201312;
数据整合与集中从村落走向集约化管理gloeaplegend整合前整合后gloeap12c多租户快速的数据库分分合合gloeapgl2gl1ap1ap2po1popdbs可以从远程cdbs进行克隆通过snapshot进行秒级快速克隆pdbs可以从noncdbs进行克隆12c多租户快速的数据库分分合合createpluggabledatabasenewpdbfromsalespdb云规模操作cloudscaleoperaons敏捷agilitysaassowareasaservice??252pdbspercdb??cpuandiomanagement快速开通和克隆provisioningandcloning插拔数据库unplugplugdatabases??即时saas架构instantsaasarchitecture??无需应用变更noappchangesrequiredrelease121??4096pdbspercdb??内存管理memorymanagement??热克隆和刷新hotcloningandrefresh??在线租户迁移onlinetenantrelocaon??共享应用对象sharedapplicaonobjects??在线租户迁移onlinetenantrelocaonrelease1212c多租户快速的数据库分分合合12c多租户简洁快速的在线切换12c多租户简洁快速的在线切换hotclonelocalundoredoapplyincrementalredoapplicationquiescesourcepdbdrainkilllistenerconnectionforwardingextensionofscantechnology12c多租户简洁快速的在线切换315fasterbackupswith33mesdatagrowth17applicaonsconsolidatedonasinglecontainerdatabase9migratedand8newapplicaons50lessdownmeduringpatchingunplannedoutagessinceproducondbateamdelighted
oracle12c的CDB与PDB
oracle12c的CDB与PDBoracle12c的CDB与PDBoracle12c的新特性Oracle 12C引⼊了CDB与PDB的新特性，在ORACLE 12C数据库引⼊的多租⽤户环境（Multitenant Environment）中，允许⼀个数据库容器（CDB）承载多个可插拔数据库（PDB）。
CDB全称为Container Database，中⽂翻译为数据库容器，PDB全称为Pluggable Database，即可插拔数据库。
在ORACLE 12C之前，实例与数据库是⼀对⼀或多对⼀关系（RAC）：即⼀个实例只能与⼀个数据库相关联，数据库可以被多个实例所加载。
⽽实例与数据库不可能是⼀对多的关系。
当进⼊ORACLE 12C后，实例与数据库可以是⼀对多的关系。
下⾯是官⽅⽂档关于CDB与PDB的关系图。
cdb相当于操作系统，调⽤并管理各个pdb。
pdb相当于真正提供业务需求的数据库实例。
oracle 12c安装后只创建了cdb，需要⾃⼰⽣成相应的pdb。
oracle 12c使⽤了CDB-PDB架构，类似于docker，在container-db内可以加载多个pluggable-db.安装成功后修改tnsnames.ora我的在D:\app\oracle\product\12.1.0\dbhome_1\NETWORK\ADMIN⽂件夹下############################tnsnames.ora#######################cdborcl =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS_LIST =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521)) )(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVICE_NAME = orcl) #cdb的db_name))#pdbpdborcl =(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS_LIST =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521)))(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVICE_NAME = pdborcl) #pdb的db_name))##########################tnsnames.ora######################数据库下拉框会出现pdborcl选项遇到的坑使⽤system登录,PLSQL Developer选择ORCL,执⾏select name,open_mode from v$pdbs; ⽤来查看当前CDB容器中包含的PDB容器pdborcl的open_mide的状态是READ WRITE,使⽤pdborcl也能登录,但是你重启服务器这个状态会变为这时候PLSQL Developer选择pdborcl就不能登录了,出现错误因为服务器重启时，pdb默认不启动PLSQL Developer选择ORCL. system登录(或使⽤sqlplus)执⾏alter pluggable database PDBORCL open; 启动pdb创建⽤户创建新⽤户，注意CDB容器中创建⼀个通⽤⽤户，⽤户名必须以C##或者c##开头，因为CDB中默认创建的是common user如果想要创建本地⽤户，则要在PDB容器中创建，下⾯会说如何切换到PDB容器create user C##test identified by 123456; //其中C##test为⽤户名，123456为密码给新⽤户授权grant create session to C##test;grant create table to C##test;grant create tablespace to C##test;grant create view to C##test;切换⾄查到的某个PDB容器(上⾯查到的是PDBORCL)注意使⽤这个命令需要的sysdba级别的权限，否则⽆法执⾏,切换后才可使⽤当前pdb的私有⽤户进⾏操作,12c数据库创建完成后，默认情况下使⽤sqlplus / as sysdba 登录连接的是CDB。
Oracle云服务器及 DB12C新特性介绍
– 导致人工、硬件和软件的成本不断增长 High costs for labor,
hardware, and software
– 上百套服务器、数据库和操作系统，需要进行维护、 备份、补丁、升级、监控和优化 Hundreds of servers, databases,
Oracle云服务器以及DB12C新特性
李勇 资深技术顾问 甲骨文(中国)软件系统有限公司 April 21, 2016
Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
传统的数据库服务部署模式 (Traditional DB Service Model)
云平台,云数据库,云管理 Cloud Platform, Cloud Database, Cloud Management
自服务私有数据库云 Self-Service Private DB Cloud
制造
工程
市场 人力资源
IT/运营
企业级数 据库云
销售 搭建在一个云平台体系架构上 On a Cloud-
新的途径：企业级数据库服务云
Enterprise Database-as-a-Service
• 整合并虚拟化硬件和软件, 能够最大限度降 低管理的复杂度和成本 Consolidates and virtualizes
hardware & software to dramatically reduce mgmt and costs
and OS’s to maintain, …backup, patch, upgrade, monitor, optimize
Oracle WebLogic Suite 12c 简介
Oracle白皮书2013 年 7 月Oracle WebLogic Server 12c 简介第 12.1.2 版跨传统环境与云环境的头号应用服务器执行概要 (4)云部署的灵活性 (6)为下一代应用程序提供任务关键的云平台 (7)使用优化的 Oracle WebLogic Server 和 Oracle 数据库集成实现高 RASP、多租户 .. 8使用动态集群实现云的灵活性 (12)使用 Oracle Exalogic 中间件云服务器优化实现高达 3 倍的性能提升 (13)使用自有云管理简化运营 (14)使用统一安装和修补框架提高效率 (14)一致的 Oracle Coherence 管理 (14)Java 消息服务 (JMS) 的灵活伸缩 (15)Oracle Enterprise Manager 12c 提供的额外的云管理功能 (16)使用现代开发平台缩短上市时间 (18)使用简化的 Maven 集成实现快速开发 (18)使用移动开发框架支持智能电话和平板电脑 (19)使用 WebSocket 和 Toplink 数据服务开发创新型移动应用程序 (19)使用适用于 HTML5 的 JSON-REST 服务释放数据 (20)Oracle WebLogic Server：市场领先的应用服务器 (21)结论 (23)免责声明以下内容旨在概述产品的总体发展方向。
该内容仅供参考，不可纳入任何合同。
其内容不构成提供任何材料、代码或功能的承诺，并且不应该作为制定购买决策的依据。
所描述的有关 Oracle 产品的任何特性或功能的开发、发布和时间安排均由 Oracle 自行决定。
执行概要如今的企业领导对IT 提出了挑战性的需求。
根据最近的一项IDC 调查，CIO 们将降低成本、快速推出新的和改进的产品以及提高生产效率列为首要任务。
1 许多组织都在努力满足这些迫切需要。
原因何在？竞争激烈的市场、业务模式、消费者喜好都在快速变化，要跟上变化的步伐，必须更改现有软件或编写全新的应用程序。
Oracle Database 12c高可用性创新技术详解说明书
Top Oracle Database 12cHigh Availability Innovations A Technical DrilldownWei Hu, Vice President of Development, High Availability Technologies, OracleBest Innovations Make Things Easy▪Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic - Arthur C. Clarke▪Any technology that is distinguishable from magic is not sufficiently advanced - Gregory Benford▪This talk will give an overview of the new high availability features introduced in Oracle Database 12c▪Then describes some of the internal innovations that make these features powerful and easy to useOracle Database 12c▪Oracle Database 12c introduces significant new HA capabilities that–Drastically cut down planned and unplanned downtime –Eliminate compromises between HA and Performance –Tremendously boost operational productivity▪These take Availability to unprecedented new levels–Next-generation Maximum Availability Architecture (MAA) –Optimized for OracleExtreme AvailabilityOracle Maximum Availability ArchitectureActive Data Guard–Data Protection, DR–Query OffloadGoldenGate–Active-active –HeterogeneousRMAN, Oracle Secure Backup–Backup to tape / cloudActive ReplicaEdition-based Redefinition,Online Redefinition, Data Guard, GoldenGate– Minimal downtime maintenance, upgrades, migrationsRAC–Scalability –Server HAFlashback–Human error correctionProduction SiteApplication Continuity–Application HAGlobal Data Services–Service Failover / Load BalancingOracle Database 12cHigh Availability Key* New Features ▪Application Continuity▪Global Data Services▪Data Guard Enhancements▪RMAN Enhancements▪Flex ASM▪Other HA Enhancements▪GoldenGate Update▪MAA at PayPal▪ *Nearly a hundred new HA features in 12cDatabase outages can cause in-flightwork to be lost, leaving users and applications in-doubt -–User frustration –Cancelled work –Duplicate submissions –Rebooting mid-tiers –Developer painsPre-12c SituationIn-Flight Work: Dealing with OutagesApplication ServersDatabase ServersEnd User▪Replays in-flight work on recoverable errors▪Masks many hardware, software, network, storage errors and outages ▪Supports JDBC-Thin, Universal Connection Pool (UCP), WebLogic Server, 3rd Party Java apps/mid-tiers ▪RAC, RAC One, & Active Data Guard ▪Better end user experienceApplication ContinuityMasks unplanned/planned outages when successfulApplication ServersDatabase ServersEnd UserDatabase RequestReplayedApplication Continuity SubtletiesThe hardest part of replay is deciding when NOT to replay▪Application Continuity minimizes divergence by re-executing SQL at original SCN (when possible) and rebuilding original environment–Stops replay (and returns error) if replayed request returns different result than original (e.g., two users concurrently updating same row)▪Application Continuity does not attempt replay (and returns error) if –Error is not recoverable – e.g., constraint violation–DDLs such as SHUTDOWN ABORT, DROP TABLESPACE are executed–Request has been explicitly disabled for replay – e.g., disbursing money–Failure occurred too long ago – don’t automatically replay a request from yesterday ▪Application Continuity is safe; only replays incomplete requests – Will not pay for the same item twiceafter outagesTransaction GuardPreserve & Retrieve COMMIT Outcome▪Tracks outcome of the last transaction ▪Without Transaction Guard, retry can cause logical corruption▪Transaction Guard allows applications to deal correctly with failures▪Application Continuity uses Transaction Guard▪Transaction Guard also available for applications that do not use Application ContinuityApplication Continuity I nternalsOracle Database 12cHigh Availability Key New Features▪Application Continuity▪Global Data Services▪Data Guard Enhancements▪RMAN Enhancements▪Flex ASM▪Other HA Enhancements▪GoldenGate UpdateDatabases in Replicated EnvironmentsChallenges▪Maximum Availability ArchitectureActive Data Guard and GoldenGate with RAC▪Want to optimize utilization ofActive Data Guard and GoldenGate databases–Efficiently use all availabledatabases–Automated load balancing and faulttolerancePrimary Active Standby Active StandbyGlobal Data Services•Extends RAC-style service failover, loadbalancing (within and across datacenters), and management capabilities to a set of replicated databases•Takes into account network latency,replication lag, and service placement policies•Achieve higher availability, improvedmanageability and maximize performanceLoad Balancing and Service Failover for Replicated Databases▪Reporting client routed to ‘best’ database–Based on location, response time, data, acceptabledata lag–Reports will automatically run on least loaded server▪Reporting client failover–If preferred database not available, will route toanother database in same region or a remote database▪Global service migration–Automatically migrates services based onfailover/switchover - if primary database is down, start Call Center service on the new primaryActive Data Guard ExampleActive Data GuardReporting ServiceCall Center Service▪Call Center Client connections andrequests transparently routed to the closest / best database–Runtime load balancing metrics give client real-timeinformation on which database to issue next request▪If a database fails, its global services arerestarted on another replicaGoldenGate ExampleGoldenGateCall Center ServiceLoad Balancing is Very ComplicatedGlobal Data Service (GDS) Load Balancing▪Supports connect-time and run-time (per-request) load balancing▪Load balancing is easy if all your machines and workload are uniform–GDS supports heterogeneous environment – RAC + non-RAC, powerful and less powerful machines (important since some customers have less powerful machines for DR)▪Load balancing is NOT equal load on all machines–Instead, GDS minimizes average response time across all requests–If database 1 much faster than database 2, then 100% of requests might go to machine database 1–Sometimes, request to lightly-loaded database in remote region might complete faster than request to heavily loaded database in local region–Equalization of average response time done for all clients in each region (remote requests expected to be longer) ▪Load balancing must balance responding rapidly to changing workloads and avoiding oscillations▪Uses internal database metrics, does not blindly rely on external metrics–More accurate (factors out network variability), handles workload generated external to global services, & handles planned shutdown caseGlobal Data Services: SummaryGlobally Replicated, High Availability Architecture••• GSM - Global Service ManagerLocal StandbyLocal StandbyData Center #2 EMEAAPACGuardData GuardPrimaryLocal StandbyActiveData GuardGDSCTLGDS Catalog PrimaryGDS Catalog StandbyMasterOracleGoldenGate Active GuardSALES POOL (sales_reporting_srvc, sales_entry_srvc)HR POOL(hr_apac_srvc, hr_emea_srvc)All GDS client databases connected to all GSMsMasterRemote StandbyReader FarmActive Data GuardGlobal Service ManagersGlobal Service ManagersOracle Database 12cHigh Availability Key New Features▪Application Continuity▪Global Data Services▪Data Guard Enhancements▪RMAN Enhancements▪Flex ASM▪Other HA Enhancements▪GoldenGate UpdateZero Data Loss ChallengeThe longer the distance, the larger the performance impactSynchronous Communication Leads To Performance Trade-OffsPrimaryStandbyCommitCommit AckNetwork SendNetwork AckStandbyData Guard Async – TodaySome Data Loss Exposure Upon DisasterZero Data Loss For Async Deployments▪Far Sync: light-weight Oracle instance: standby control file, standby redo logs, archived redo logs, no data files▪Receives redo synchronously from primary, forwards redo asynchronously in real-time to standby▪Upon Failover: Async standby transparently obtains last committed redo from Far Sync and applies: zero data loss failover▪Second Far Sync Instance can be pre-configured to transmit in reverse direction after failover/switchover▪Terminal standbys required to be Active Data Guard StandbysPrimaryStandbyFar SyncInstanceStandbyFar SyncInstanceActive Data Guard Far SyncMuch work done to make things work ‘like magic’▪Looks just like SYNC. So Fast Start Failover (FSFO) works – automatic, zero data loss failover to far destination▪If Far Sync instance fails, can failover to another Far Sync (recommended), or go into async mode directly to standby (using remote alternate log_archive_dest_x)▪Sophisticated logic to make failovers seamless–When primary dies, Far Sync keeps track of state of async connections to terminal standby to ship the exact redo needed for zero data loss–Works with RAC (multiple threads of redo)▪Smart gap resolution – if the primary is missing redo, it can fetch from Far Sync instance. Far Sync instance will transparently fetch from primary & forward to standbyActive Data Guard Far SyncSummary of Benefits▪Best data protection, least performance impact▪Low cost and complexity▪Best way to implement a near DR + Far DR model▪Relevant to existing Data Guard ASYNC configurations▪Data Guard Failover? No Problem! Just do it – No Data Loss!Active Data Guard Real-Time CascadingEliminates Propagation DelayPrimary▪In 12.1, Standby 1 forwards redo to Standby 2 in real-time, as it isreceived: no propagation delay for a log switch▪Standby 2 (Active Data Guard Standby) is up-to-date for offloadingread-only queries and reports▪In 11.2, Standby 1 waits till log switch before forwarding redo fromarchived logs to Standby 2Data Guard Fast SyncReduced Primary Database Impact for Maximum AvailabilityLogsStandbyRedoLogsCommitCommitAcknowledge▪For SYNC transport: remote siteacknowledges received redo beforewriting it to standby redo logs▪Reduces latency of commit on primary▪Better DR – increased SYNC distance▪If network round-trip latency less thantime for local online redo log write,synchronous transport will not impactprimary database performance▪Can use Fast Sync from Primary to FarSync , and Fast Sync works with FSFO CommitCommitAcknowledgeAcknowledgereturned on receiptLogsStandbyRedoLogsData GuardOther New Features in Oracle Database 12cOracle Database 12cHigh Availability Key New Features▪Application Continuity▪Global Data Services▪Data Guard Enhancements▪RMAN Enhancements▪Flex ASM▪Other HA Enhancements▪GoldenGate UpdateFine-grained Table Recovery From Backup▪Simple RECOVER TABLE command torecover one or more tables (mostrecent or older version) from an RMANbackup▪Eliminates time and complexityassociated with manual restore, recover& export–Enables fine-grained point-in-timerecovery of individual tables instead ofthe contents of the entire tablespaceRMANBackupsCross-Platform Backup & Restore▪Simplifies procedure for platform migration▪Minimize read-only impact with multiple incremental backupsSimplified Platform MigrationSource Database (AIX)Backup to Disk/Tape (data files, optional endian conversion,metadata export)Restore Backup (optional endian conversion, metadata import)Destination Database (Solaris)▪Backup and recover specific pluggable databases with new PLUGGABLE DATABASE keywords:RMAN> BACKUP PLUGGABLE DATABASE <PDB1>, <PDB2>;▪Familiar BACKUP DATABASE command backs up CDB, including all PDBs ▪PDB Complete Recovery–RESTORE PLUGGABLE DATABASE <PDB>; –RECOVER PLUGGABLE DATABASE <PDB>;▪PDB Point-in-Time Recovery–RMAN> RUN {–SET UNTIL TIME 'SYSDATE-3'; –RESTORE PLUGGABLE DATABASE <PDB>; –RECOVER PLUGGABLE DATABASE <PDB>;–ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE <PDB> OPEN RESETLOGS; }▪Familiar RECOVER DATABASE command recovers CDB, including all PDBsPluggable Database Backup & RestoreFine-Grained Backup & Recovery to Support ConsolidationOracle Database 12cHigh Availability Key New Features▪Application Continuity▪Global Data Services▪Data Guard Enhancements▪RMAN Enhancements▪Flex ASM▪Other HA Enhancements▪GoldenGate UpdateAutomatic Storage Management (ASM) OverviewASM Cluster Pool of StorageDisk Group BDisk Group A Shared Disk GroupsWide File StripingOne to OneMapping of ASM Instances to ServersASM InstanceASM DiskRAC ClusterNode4Node3Node2Node1Node5ASMASM ASM ASMASMASM InstanceDatabase InstanceDB ADB A DB BDB BDB CDB BCurrent StateFlex ASM: Eliminate 1:1 Server MappingNew: ASM Storage Consolidation in Oracle Database 12cASM Cluster Pool of StorageDisk Group BDisk Group A Shared Disk GroupsWide File StripingDatabases share ASM instancesASM InstanceDatabase InstanceASM DiskRAC ClusterNode5Node4Node3Node2Node1Node5 runs as ASM Client to Node4Node1Node2 Node4Node2 runs as ASM Client to Node3 ASM ASM ASMASM InstanceDB ADB A DB BDB BDB CDB BFlex ASM: Supporting Oracle Database 11gPrevious Database Versions Will Host Local ASM InstanceASM Cluster Pool of StorageDisk Group BDisk Group A Shared Disk GroupsWide File StripingDatabases share ASM instancesASM InstanceDatabase InstanceASM DiskRAC ClusterNode5Node4Node3Node2Node1ASM ASM ASMDB ADB A DB BDB BDB C DB BASMASM11.2DB11.2DBOracle Database 12cHigh Availability Key New Features▪Application Continuity▪Global Data Services▪Data Guard Enhancements▪RMAN Enhancements▪Flex ASM▪Other HA Enhancements▪GoldenGate UpdateOther HA EnhancementsOracle Database 12cHigh Availability Key New Features▪Application Continuity▪Global Data Services▪Data Guard Enhancements▪RMAN Enhancements▪Flex ASM▪Other HA Enhancements▪GoldenGate UpdateNote: A single DR copy may be multi-purposed for any combination of the use cases describedData Guard Redo TransportSYNC or ASYNCOracle DatabaseOracle Active Data GuardReal-Time Data Protection and AvailabilityStandby First Patching, Exact copy of primary Query & Report OffloadOpen Read-Only Snapshot StandbyConvert to Test Database(open read-write)Single Command Refresh of primary Offload RMAN Backups of primary Far Sync, Database Backup Appliance, GoldenGateExact copy of primarySource for thin snaps/clones Exact copy of primary Extract offload, source for GoldenGate ALO modeOracle & Non-OracleMessage BusOracle Database12c *Oracle GoldenGate 12c*Low-Impact, Real-Time Data Integration & Transactional ReplicationData IntegratorNew DB/ HW/OS/APP Fully Active Distributed DBReporting Database DataWarehouse ODSZero Downtime Upgrade& Migration Query & Report Offloading Data Synchronization within theEnterprise Real-time BI, OperationalReporting, MDMEvent Driven Architecture, SOAActive-Active High AvailabilityMessage BusGlobal Data Centers Logical Copy of Primary Disaster Recovery for Non-Oracle Databases *: GoldenGate 12c for Oracle Database 12c will be available in CY2013GoldenGate Zero Downtime Migration/Upgrade Seamless Migration and Upgrades to Oracle Database 12c* •Consolidate/migrate/maintain systems withoutdowntime•Minimize risk withfailback option•Validate data beforeswitchover•Use Active-Active replication for phased user migrationERP Oracle ERP*: GoldenGate 12c for Oracle Database 12c will be available in CY2013 Oracle10.2CRM11.2DWOracle GoldenGate for Active-Active DatabasesIncrease ROI on Existing Servers & Synchronize Data•Utilize secondarysystems for transactions •Enable continuousavailability during unplanned & planned outages•Synchronize data acrossglobal data centers •Use intelligent conflictdetection & resolution*: GoldenGate 12c for Oracle Database 12c will be available in CY2013Oracle 10.2 App2Oracle 11.2 App3Non-Oracle AppHeterogeneous Bi-DirectionalOracle Database 12c▪Oracle Database 12c offers a tremendously sophisticatedset of high availability (HA) capabilities▪These capabilities–Further reduce downtime–Significantly improve productivity–Eliminate traditional compromisesExtreme Availability: SummaryResources▪OTN HA Portal:/goto/availability▪Maximum Availability Architecture (MAA):/goto/maa▪MAA Blogs:/maa▪Exadata on OTN:/technetwork/database/exadata/index.html▪Oracle HA Customer Success Stories on OTN:/technetwork/database/features/ha-casestudies-098033.htmlKey HA Sessions and Demos by Oracle DevelopmentMonday, 23 September Moscone South10:45a Oracle DB 12c—Eng’d for Clouds and Big Data, North D1:45p Oracle Exadata—What’s New and What’s Coming, 1033:15p Top Oracle DB 12c HA Innovations - A Technical Drill-down, 103 4:45p RMAN in Oracle DB 12c: New Features and Best Practices, 102 4:45p Compression and Performance in Oracle Database 12c, 104Tuesday, 24 September Moscone South10:30a Always Available: Oracle Exadata and Oracle MAA, 10210:30a Oracle RAC 12c Best Practices, 10412:00p A Revolutionary New Way to Do DB Backup and Recovery, 102 12:00p Oracle Flex Cluster: Optimized Resource Mgmt. for Cloud, 104 12:00p Storage Optimization with Oracle Database 12c, 3013:45p Oracle DB 12c Best Practices for Data Availability andDisaster Protection, 1025:15p Optimize Oracle Active Data Guard and Oracle GoldenGate:Wednesday, 25 September Moscone South10:15a Best Practices for Integrating GoldenGate w/ Act. Data Guard, 104 11:45a The Next Big Thing!, 10311:45a Best Practices for Oracle Exadata Backup and Recovery, 20011:45a Cloning and Snapshots with Oracle Database 12c, 1021:15p Redefining Backup and Recovery with Oracle Eng’d Systems, 200 3:30p Oracle Active Data Guard: Next-Generation Data Protection, 103 5:00p Oracle Exadata Storage Availability Best Practices, 2005:00p Integrated Apply: Scalable Replication with GoldenGate, North 131 5:00p Exadata Planned Maintenance for Zero Downtime, Westin Metro. IThursday, 26 September Moscone South11:00a Oracle Database-Aware Flash: Maximizing Performance andAvailability for Your Database, 2362:00p Oracle MAA Best Practices for the Oracle Multitenant Option, 102 2:00p Maximize Availability by Using DB Services with Oracle RAC, 103。
Oracle 数据库12c新特性总结
Oracle 数据库12c新特性总结导读：本系列文章是Oracle ACE总监Syed Jaffer Hussain对Oracle数据库12c的一些新特性总结，包括数据库管理、RMAN、高可用性以及性能调优等内容。
关键词：Oracle数据库12c RMAN PGA限制不可见字段【TechTarget中国原创】编者按：甲骨文公司近日正式发布了新版旗舰级数据库Oracle Database 12c，在TechTarget数据库网站之前的一些报道中，我们曾对12c的一些新特性进行了介绍（参考：尝鲜Oracle Database 12c的十二大新特性）而随着产品正式GA，相关技术文档也披露了更多关于12c数据库的细节。
本系列文章是Oracle ACE总监Syed Jaffer Hussain对Oracle 数据库12c的一些新特性总结，包括数据库管理、RMAN、高可用性以及性能调优等内容。
Oracle 数据库12c新特性总结（一）在第一部分中，我们将介绍：1. 在线迁移活跃的数据文件2. 表分区或子分区的在线迁移3. 不可见字段4. 相同字段上的多重索引5. DDL日志6. 临时undo7. 新的备份用户特权8. 如何在RMAN中执行SQL语句9. RMAN中的表级别恢复10. PGA的大小限制问题1. 在线重命名和重新定位活跃数据文件不同于以往的版本，在Oracle数据库12c R1版本中对数据文件的迁移或重命名不再需要太多繁琐的步骤，即把表空间置为只读模式，接下来是对数据文件进行离线操作。
在12c R1中，可以使用ALTER DATABASE MOVE DATAFILE这样的SQL语句对数据文件进行在线重命名和移动。
而当此数据文件正在传输时，终端用户可以执行查询，DML以及DDL方面的任务。
另外，数据文件可以在存储设备间迁移，如从非ASM迁移至ASM，反之亦然。
重命名数据文件：SQL> ALTER DATABASE MOVE DATAFILE '/u00/data/users01.dbf' TO '/u00/data/u sers_01.dbf';从非ASM迁移数据文件至ASM：SQL> ALTER DATABASE MOVE DATAFILE '/u00/data/users_01.dbf' TO '+DG_DATA ';将数据文件从一个ASM磁盘群组迁移至另一个ASM磁盘群组：SQL> ALTER DATABASE MOVE DATAFILE '+DG_DATA/DBNAME/DATAFILE/users_0 1.dbf ' TO '+DG_DATA_02';在数据文件已存在于新路径的情况下，以相同的命名将其覆盖：SQL> ALTER DATABASE MOVE DATAFILE '/u00/data/users_01.dbf' TO '/u00/data_ new/users_01.dbf' REUSE;复制文件到一个新路径，同时在原路径下保留其拷贝：SQL> ALTER DATABASE MOVE DATAFILE '/u00/data/users_01.dbf' TO '/u00/data_ new/users_01.dbf' KEEP;当通过查询v$session_longops动态视图来移动文件时，你可以监控这一过程。
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多租户架构-应用开发商的完美方案
打包应用和初始数据更加简易, 方便分发落地和上线
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管理数据库服务级别层
随着数据库的关键性提高而变更其所处的层次
黄金级
RAC、Data Guard、每天执行增量备份
(GA: Jan 2004)
Oracle 10.2
(GA: Jul 2005)
Oracle 11.1
(GA: Aug 2007)
Oracle 11.2
(GA: Sep 2009)
Oracle 12.1
(GA: Jun 2013)
Oracle 12.2
(GA: xxx 2016)
Jan 2009
Jan 2012
江西高速 广西高速 云南高速 黑龙江高速 内蒙路政 东方航空
国家广电总局
东风汽车 深圳超算
东风汽车 深圳超算
湖北省卫计委 四川省卫生厅 武汉协和医院 山东肿瘤医院
统一企业 渤海物流 新希望六合 武钢集团 碧桂园
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多租户架构-简化了数据库升级
对数据库打补丁和升级时可灵活选择
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多租户架构-简化了备份
像管理一个数据库一样，管理多个数据库
一个备产 品正式发布
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截止到今天客户做了什么
中国电信总部 吉林移动 浙江移动 江苏移动
东莞电子政务 上海自贸区 深圳海关 国家测绘局 国家统计局 湖南测绘院 湖南国土资源厅
4
传统Oracle数据库架构
实例需要占用内存，处理器，数据文件存储
System Resources
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新的多租户数据库架构 – Multitenant
只在容器数据库层面(Container)需要占用内存和处理器
同济大学
长江证券 大连商品交易所
兰州银行 宁夏黄河农村银行 国开行 人民银行
华为集团
版本支持周期
today
2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007
Oracle 10.1
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可插拔数据库与独立数据库
高效率：硬件资源降低到 1/6，可伸缩性提高 5 倍
OLTP 基准比较 仅 3 GB 内存对比 20 GB 内存 （用于 50 个数据库） 可插拔数据库扩展至 250 个以上， 同时独立数据库实例最多为 50 个
白银级
Data Guard、每天执行增量备份
青铜级
每周执行完整备份
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创新的数据库技术--DB12C
程铭洋 高级技术顾问 甲骨文河北分公司
April 14, 2016
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Oracle在12c发布这一天之前做了什么
开发测试上的投入
• 超过 5 年开发时间 • 超过 500 个新特性 • 超过 2,500 人/年的开发时间 • 超过 3,000 个测试系统 • 超过 100万次的特性测试 • 超过 120万小时的压力测试
System Resources
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新的多租户数据库架构 – Multitenant
只在容器数据库层面需要占用内存和处理器
System Resources
Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
多租户架构-简化了打补丁
更改只需应用一次，所有可插拔数据库均会更新
就地 升级
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Jul 2010
Jul 2013
Aug 2012
Aug 2015
Jan 2015
Jan 2018
Jun 2018
最高优先级支持
扩展支持
Jun 2021 持续支持
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多租户的可伸缩性
GB GB GB
内内存内存存
33
3
2.52.5 2.5
22
2
1.51.5 1.5
11
1
0.50.5 0.5
00
0
CRCMRM CHRHCMCMM ERHPCEMRP BI ERBPDIW
可可插可插拔插拔数拔数据数据库据库(P库(DPB(DP)BD)B)
添加其他 PDB 时，只需增加少量内存
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多租户架构-提高创建测试开发环境的速度
快速灵活拷贝或创建PDB快照
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