国家统考科目考研英语-716考试卷模拟考试题.docx
研究生英语模拟题(附答案)
研究生英语模拟题(附答案)部门： xxx时间： xxx整理范文，仅供参考，可下载自行编辑Vocabulary( 10 minutes, 10 points>Section A (0. 5 point each>Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet.The draught has caused the depletion of supplies and rising of prices.16 A. storageB. Reference C. exhaustion D. exchange注释: depletion耗尽，用尽；reference提及，涉及；exhaustion 竭尽；storage存储；exchange交换。
Social interaction lectures for the purpose of accomplishing some aim and is always directed toward specific other people.17 A. interplay B. event C. behavior D. action正确答案：A注释:interaction意为“相互作用”，interplay亦含有此意。
考研英语全国研究生入学考试英语真题模拟及答案
考研英语全国研究生入学考试英语真题及答案考研英语全国研究生入学考试英语真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWERSHEET 1. (10 points)Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWERSHEET 1. (10 points)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. The court cannot _1_its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that _3_ the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial.Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be _4_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _5_by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself _6_to the code of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciary.This and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a _9_between the court and politics.The framers of the Constitution envisioned law _10_having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions _11_they would be free to _12_ those in power and have no need to _13_ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _14_.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _15_ like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it _16_ is inescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _17_ as unjust.The justices must _18_ doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves _19_ to the code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, _20_, convincing as law.1. [A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify [D] recognize2. [A]when [B]lest [C]before [D] unless3. [A]restored [B]weakened [C]established [D] eliminated4. [A]challenged [B]compromised [C]suspected [D] accepted5. [A]advanced [B]caught [C]bound [D]founded6. [A]resistant [B]subject [C]immune [D]prone7. [A]resorts [B]sticks [C]loads [D]applies8. [A]evade [B]raise [C]deny [D]settle9. [A]line [B]barrier [C]similarity [D]conflict10. [A]by [B]as [C]though [D]towards11. [A]so [B]since [C]provided [D]though12. [A]serve [B]satisfy [C]upset [D]replace13. [A]confirm [B]express [C]cultivate [D]offer14. [A]guarded [B]followed C]studied [D]tied15. [A]concepts [B]theories [C]divisions [D]conceptions16. [A]excludes [B]questions [C]shapes [D]controls17. [A]dismissed [B]released [C]ranked [D]distorted18. [A]suppress [B]exploit [C]address [D]ignore19. [A]accessible [B]amiable [C]agreeable [D]accountable20. [A]by all mesns [B]atall costs [C]in a word [D]as a result Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answerson ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Come on –Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her newbook Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improvetheir lives and possibly the word.Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of manypubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.”Dare to bedifferent, please don’t smoke!”pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenbergargues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful.The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via socialcommunication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: weunconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It’s like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as[A] a supplement to the social cure[B] a stimulus to group dynamics[C] an obstacle to school progress[D] a cause of undesirable behaviors22. Rosenberg holds that public advocates should[A] recruit professional advertisers[B] learn from advertisers’experience[C] stay away from commercial advertisers[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements23. In the author’s view, Rosenberg’s book fails to[A] adequately probe social and biological factors[B] effectively evade the flaws of the social cure[C] illustrate the functions of state funding[D]produce a long-lasting social effect24. Paragraph 5shows that our imitation of behaviors[A] is harmful to our networks of friends[B] will mislead behavioral studies[C] occurs without our realizing it[D] can produce negative health habits25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is[A] harmful[B] desirable[C] profound[D] questionableText 2A deal is a deal-except, apparently ,when Entergy is involved. The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not challenge the constitutionality ofVermont’s rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear power plantrunning. It’s a stunning move.The conflict has been surfacing since , when the corporation bought Vermont’s only nuclear power plant, an aging reactor in Vernon. As a condition of receiving state approval for the sale, the company agreed to seek permission from state regulators to operate past . In , the state went a step further, requiring that anyextension of the plant’s license be subject to Vermont legislature’s approval. Then, too, the company went along. Either Entergy never really intended to live by those commitments, or it simply didn’t foresee what would happennext. A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 207 and the discovery of anunderground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankee’s safety and Entergy’s management–especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe. Enraged by Entergy’s behavior, the Vermont Senate voted 26 to 4 last year againstallowing an extension.Now the company is suddenly claiming that the agreement is invalid because of the legislation, and that only the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues. The legal issues in the case are obscure: whereas the Supreme Court has ruled that states do have some regulatory authority over nuclear power, legal scholars say that Vermont case will offer a precedent-setting test of how far those powers extend. Certainly, there are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules. But had Entergy kept its word, that debate would be beside the point.The company seems to have concluded that its reputation in Vermont is already so damaged that it has noting left tolose by going to war with the state. But there should be consequences. Permission to run a nuclear plant is a poblic trust. Entergy runs 11 other reactors in the United States, including Pilgrim Nuclear station in Plymouth. Pledging to run Pilgrim safely, the company has applied for federal permission to keep it open for another 20 years. But as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) reviews the company’s application, it should keep it mind what promisesfrom Entergy are worth.26. The phrase “reneging on”(Line 3.para.1) is closest in meaning to[A] condemning.[B] reaffirming.[C] dishonoring.[D] securing.27. By entering into the agreement, Entergy intended to[A] obtain protection from Vermont regulators.[B] seek favor from the federal legislature.[C] acquire an extension of its business license .[D] get permission to purchase a power plant.28. According to Paragraph 4, Entergy seems to have problems with its[A] managerial practices.[B] technical innovativeness.[C] financial goals.[D] business vision29. In the author’s view, the Vermont case will test[A] Entergy’s capacity to fulfill all its promises.[B] the mature of states’patchwork regulations.[C] the federal authority over nuclear issues .[D] the limits of states’power over nuclear issues.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A] Entergy’s business elsewhere might be affected.[B] the authority of the NRC will be defied.[C] Entergy will withdraw its Plymouth application.[D] Vermont’s reputation might be damaged.Text 3In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work. But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route. We aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience. Prior knowledge and interest influence what we experience, what we think our experiences mean, and the subsequent actions we take. Opportunities for misinterpretation, error, and self-deception abound.Consequently, discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience. Similar to newly staked mining claims, they are full of potential. But it takes collective scrutiny andacceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery. This is the credibility process, through which the individual researcher’s me, here, now becomes the community’s anyone, anywhere, anytime. Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point.Once a discovery claim becomes public, the discoverer receives intellectual credit. But, unlike with mining claims,the community takes control of what happens next. Within the complex social structure of the scientific community,researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology. As a discovery claim works it through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery.Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process. First, scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of prevailing Knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect. Littlereward accompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and believed. The goal is new-search, not re-search. Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers. Second, novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief. Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert Azent-Gyorgyi once described discovery as “seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.”But thinking what nobody else has thought and telling others what they have missed may not change their views. Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.In the end, credibility “happens”to a discovery claim –a process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind. “We reason together, challenge, revise, and complete each other’s reasoning and each other’s conceptions of reason.”31. According to the first paragraph, the process of discovery is characterized by its[A] uncertainty and complexity.[B] misconception and deceptiveness.[C] logicality and objectivity.[D] systematicness and regularity.32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that credibility process requires[A] strict inspection.[B]shared efforts.[C] individual wisdom.[D]persistent innovation.33.Paragraph 3 shows that a discovery claim becomes credible after it[A] has attracted the attention of the general public.[B]has been examined by the scientific community.[C] has received recognition from editors and reviewers.[D]has been frequently quoted by peer scientists.34. Albert Szent-Gy.rgyi would most likely agree that[A] scientific claims will survive challenges.[B]discoveries today inspire future research.[C] efforts to make discoveries are justified.[D]scientific work calls for a critical mind.35.Which of the following would be the best title of the test?[A] Novelty as an Engine of Scientific Development.[B]Collective Scrutiny in Scientific Discovery.[C] Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science.[D]Challenge to Credibility at the Gate to Science.Text 4If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant. When Hoffa’s Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. In the number of unionists in America’s public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized. There are three reasons for the public-sector unions’thriving. First, they can shut things down without sufferingmuch in the way of consequences. Second, they are mostly bright and well-educated. A quarter of America’spublic-sector workers have a university degree. Third, they now dominate left-of-centre politics. Some of their ties go back a long way. Britain’s Labor Party, as its name implies, has long been associated with trade unionism. Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes frompublic-sector unions.At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome. Mark Baldassare of the Public Policy Institute ofCalifornia points out that much of the state’s budget is patrolled by unions. The teachers’unions keep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care.In many rich countries average wages in the state sector are higher than in the private one. But the real gains come in benefits and work practices. Politicians have repeatedly “backloaded”public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous.Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously in education, where charter schools, academies andmerit pay all faced drawn-out battles. Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers’unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.As the cost to everyone else has become clearer, politicians have begun to clamp down. In Wisconsin the unions haverallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor. But many within the public sector suffer under the current system, too.John Donahue at Harvard’s Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services suit thosewho want to stay put but is bad for high achievers. The only American public-sector workers who earn well above $250,000 a year are university sports coaches and the president of the United States. Bankers’fat pay packets haveattracted much criticism, but a public-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much biggerproblem for America.36. It can be learned from the first paragraph that[A] Teamsters still have a large body of members.[B] Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servant.[C] unions have enlarged their public-sector membership.[D]the government has improved its relationship with unionists.37. Which of the following is true of Paragraph 2?[A] Public-sector unions are prudent in taking actions.[B] Education is required for public-sector unionmembership.[C] Labor Party has long been fighting against public-sector unions.[D]Public-sector unions seldom get in trouble for their actions.38. It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that the income in the state sector is[A] illegally secured.[B] indirectly augmented.[C] excessively increased.[D]fairly adjusted.39. The example of the unions in Wisconsin shows that unions[A]often run against the current political system.[B]can change people’s political attitudes.[C]may be a barrier to public-sector reforms.[D]are dominant in the government.40. John Donahue’s attitude towards the public-sector system is one of[A]disapproval.[B]appreciation.[C]tolerance.[D]indifference.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one fromthe list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.（10 points）Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an aeroplane window and realise that you are flying, higher than a bird. Now think of your laptop, thinner than a brown-paper envelope, or your cellphone in the palm of your hand. Take a moment or two to wonder at those marvels. You are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true.The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier.(41)The networked computer is an amazing device, the firstmedia machine that serves as the mode of production, meansof distribution, site of reception, and place of praise and critique. The computer is the 21st century's culture machine. But for all the reasons there are to celebrate the computer, we must also tread with caution. (42)I call it a secret warfor two reasons. First, most people do not realise that there are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode. Second, the majority of people who use networked computers to upload are not even aware of the significance of what they are doing.All animals download, but only a few upload. Beavers build dams and birds make nests. Yet for the most part, the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading. Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods - paintings, sculpture and architecture - and superfluous experiences - music, literature, religion and philosophy. (43)For all the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still stuck in download mode. Even after the advent of widespread social media, a pyramid of productionremains, with a small number of people uploadingmaterial, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining contentto just consume. (44)Television is a one-way tap flowing into our homes. The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on.(45)What counts as meaningful uploading? My definition revolves around the concept of "stickiness" - creations and experiences to which others adhere.[A] Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneselfof a defining constituent of humanity.[B] Applications like , which allow users to combine pictures, words and other media in creative ways and then share them, have the potential to add stickiness by amusing, entertaining and enlightening others.[C] Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn ofthe millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day.[D] This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading - between passive consumption and active creation - whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only beginto imagine.[E] The challenge the computer mounts to television thus bears little similarity to one format being replaced by another in the manner of record players being replaced by CD players.[F] One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the world'smedia culture has been defined by a single medium - television - and television is defined by downloading.[G]The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Yourtranslation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise.In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science. Newton’s laws of motion and Darwinianevolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work.(46)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see.It is becoming less clear, however, that such atheory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless,unification of sorts remains a major goal.This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too. (47)Here,Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable tosuppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. Just as the bewilderingvariety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world’s languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features.(48)To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex culturalbehavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies areality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution ofgrammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans areborn with an innate language—acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A few generativerules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children canlearn it so quickly.(49)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifyingtraits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases thatresult from cognitive constraintsGray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between themrepresent more than 2,000 languages.(50)Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language changethat are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it. Whereas Greenbergianuniversality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. Neither ofthese patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lireage-specific and not governed by universalsSection III WritingPart A51. Directions:Some internationals students are coming to your university.Write them an email in the name of the Students’Unionto1)extend your welcome and provide some suggestions for their campus life here.2)You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use “LiMing”instead.Do not write the address(10 points)Part B52. Directions: write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.（20 points）全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题答案详解Section I Use of English1．【答案】B【解析】从空后信息能够看出，这句表示的是“_ _法官表现得像政治家”的情况下，法庭就不能保持其作为法律法规的合法卫士的形象，因此应该选C, maintain“维持，保持”，其它显然语义不通。
考研英语模拟试题及答案
考研英语模拟试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分，每题4分）1. 根据文章内容，以下哪项是作者的主要观点？A. 教育是个人成长的关键。
B. 技术发展对教育的影响是负面的。
C. 教育应该注重培养学生的创新能力。
D. 教育应该与社会需求相匹配。
答案：C2. 文章中提到的“知识爆炸”指的是什么？A. 知识更新的速度非常快。
B. 人们获取知识的途径增多。
C. 知识在社会中的地位越来越重要。
D. 知识的数量在不断增加。
答案：A3. 作者认为解决教育问题的关键是什么？A. 增加教育投入。
B. 改革教育体制。
C. 加强师资队伍建设。
D. 培养学生的自主学习能力。
答案：B4. 文章最后一段提到了哪些教育改革的措施？A. 引入新技术。
B. 更新课程内容。
C. 增加实践环节。
D. 以上都是。
答案：D5. 根据文章内容，以下哪项不是作者提到的教育问题？A. 教育资源分配不均。
B. 教育内容与社会需求脱节。
C. 缺乏创新教育。
D. 教师待遇过低。
答案：D二、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The world is full of wonders, but sometimes the most amazing things are the ones we don't even notice. Take the human brain, for instance. It's a complex organ that controls our thoughts, emotions, and actions. It's also the part of our body that allows us to learn, grow, and adapt to our surroundings.6. The author starts the passage by ________.A. asking a questionB. giving an exampleC. making a comparisonD. stating a fact答案：D7. The human brain is described as ________.A. a simple organB. a mysterious organC. a complex organD. an essential organ答案：C8. The brain allows us to ________.A. sleep and eatB. think and feelC. breathe and moveD. all of the above答案：B9. The purpose of the passage is to ________.A. describe the brain's structureB. explain the brain's functionsC. discuss the brain's importanceD. argue for brain research答案：B10. According to the passage, the brain is essential for ________.A. survivalB. communicationC. learningD. all of the above答案：D三、翻译（共30分，英译汉15分，汉译英15分）英译汉：11. The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes in our daily lives.答案：技术的快速发展已经给我们的日常生活带来了显著的变化。
研究生英语模拟题(附答案) (2)
Vocabulary( 10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0. 5 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet.If you know in advance that the examination is going to be easy, you have no incentive to study very much.16A. interestB. motiveC. incidenceD. time正确答案：B注释:incentive与motive都含有“动力”的意思。
incidence影响，发生；time时间；interest兴趣。
The mother soothed the disappointed child and then promised to take him on a picnic as soon as it stopped raining.17A. huggedB. whippedC. praisedD. comforted正确答案：D注释:soothe与comfort意思接近，同为“使平静，使镇静”。
考研英语真题模拟
考研英语真题模拟一、阅读理解部分1. Passage OneThe United States was the world's largest producer of goods by 1913. The US manufacturing output(产量) represented XX% of its GDP(国内生产总值), compared to only XX% for the UK. This situation hardly changed during the rest of the XXth century. In 1955, US manufacturing made up XX% of its GDP, while the UK's manufacturing sector only accounted for XX%.During the 1960s and 1970s, the US manufacturing output dropped, as did its share in GDP. By 1975, the manufacturing sector contributed only XX% to the US economy, while it constituted XX% of the UK's economy. This marked the first and only time when the percentage of manufacturing in the US economy was lower than that in the UK.Since 1980, China has become the world's largest producer of manufactured goods, surpassing the United States. By 2013, China's manufacturing output accounted for XX% of its GDP, while the US manufacturing sector constituted only XX% of its economy. This marked a significant shift in global manufacturing leadership.In recent years, the US manufacturing sector has experienced a revival due to technological advancements and increased investment. As of 2020, manufacturing output in the US stands at XX% of its GDP. However, China remains the largest producer of goods globally, with its manufacturing sector accounting for XX% of its GDP.In conclusion, the United States was once the largest producer of goods, but China has since taken over that position. Nevertheless, the US manufacturing sector has shown signs of recovery in recent years.2. Passage TwoThe process of globalization has had a significant impact on labor markets worldwide. With the rise of low-wage countries such as China and India, many manufacturing jobs have been offshored to these regions, resulting in job losses in developed countries like the United States.The US manufacturing sector has been particularly affected by globalization. In the past few decades, many American companies have relocated their production facilities to countries with lower labor costs, leading to a decline in manufacturing employment in the US. This trend has been exacerbated by technological advancements, which have allowed for more automated production processes that require fewer workers.As a result, many US manufacturing workers have faced unemployment or had to settle for lower-paying jobs in other sectors. This has led to a decline in wages and job security for the American middle class, contributing to rising income inequality in the country.However, globalization has also brought benefits to the US economy. The offshoring of manufacturing jobs has allowed American consumers to enjoy lower-priced goods, as production costs have been reduced. Additionally, the US has shifted towards a more service-based economy, with sectors such as finance, technology, and healthcare experiencing growth and creating new job opportunities.In conclusion, globalization has had a mixed impact on the US manufacturing sector. While it has resulted in job losses and wage stagnation for many workers, it has also contributed to lower consumer prices and the growth of other sectors in the economy.二、写作部分In recent years, there has been a growing trend of students opting to pursue postgraduate studies abroad, particularly in English-speaking countries. This can be attributed to several factors, including the desire for better educational opportunities and career prospects. In this essay, we will explore the reasons behind this trend and discuss its implications.Firstly, studying abroad offers access to a wider range of educational resources and expertise. English-speaking countries, such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia, are renowned for their world-class universities and research institutions. By studying in these countries, students can benefit from exposure to cutting-edge research, advanced facilities, and highly qualified professors. This can greatly enhance their learning experience and provide them with a competitive edge in the job market.Secondly, studying abroad allows students to improve their English language skills. English is widely regarded as the global language of business, science, and academia. By immersing themselves in an English-speaking environment, students can develop fluency and proficiency in the language, which can open up a multitude of opportunities in terms of international career prospects. Additionally, being able to communicateeffectively in English is highly valued by employers worldwide, as it demonstrates adaptability and cross-cultural communication skills.Thirdly, studying abroad provides students with the opportunity to gain a broader perspective and cross-cultural understanding. Interacting with students from different nationalities and cultural backgrounds fosters tolerance, empathy, and global awareness. This not only enriches their personal development but also equips them with the skills necessary to thrive in an increasingly interconnected and diverse world.However, there are also challenges associated with studying abroad. The cost of tuition fees and living expenses can be prohibitively high, placing a financial burden on students and their families. Additionally, adapting to a new education system and cultural environment can be daunting and require a period of adjustment. Nonetheless, the benefits often outweigh the challenges, as studying abroad offers unique opportunities for personal and professional growth.In conclusion, the increasing number of students pursuing postgraduate studies abroad reflects the desire for better educational and career prospects. It provides access to world-class universities, improves English language skills, and promotes cross-cultural understanding. Despite the challenges, studying abroad can be a transformative experience that prepares students for success in an increasingly globalized world.。
英语考研模考试题及答案
英语考研模考试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分，每题2分）1. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of environmental protection.B) The impact of technology on the environment.C) The benefits of sustainable development.D) The challenges of urbanization.答案：B2. According to the author, which of the following is the most effective way to reduce pollution?A) Recycling.B) Using public transportation.C) Planting more trees.D) Developing renewable energy.答案：D3. What does the author suggest about the future of cities?A) They will become more crowded.B) They will rely more on technology.C) They will be more sustainable.D) They will have fewer natural resources.答案：C4. What is the author's opinion on the role of individuals in environmental protection?A) It is not significant.B) It is crucial.C) It is limited.D) It is optional.答案：B5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage asa solution to environmental problems?A) Reducing waste.B) Encouraging carpooling.C) Implementing stricter regulations.D) Banning the use of plastics.答案：D二、完形填空（共20分，每题1分）In recent years, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of environmental protection. Many people are now taking action to reduce their carbon footprint and live more sustainable lifestyles. However, it is not just individuals who can make a difference; businesses and governments also have a role to play.6. ______, the environment is a global issue that affects everyone.A) ThereforeB) ConsequentlyC) MoreoverD) Otherwise答案：A7. ______, many companies have started to implement eco-friendly practices.A) As a resultB) In additionC) On the other handD) For instance答案：A8. ______, governments have introduced new laws to regulate pollution.A) SimilarlyB) LikewiseC) ConverselyD) Nevertheless答案：B9. ______, it is important to remember that change starts at home.A) FurthermoreB) AdditionallyC) HoweverD) Therefore答案：C10. ______, individuals can make a significant impact by adopting green habits.A) In conclusionB) In summaryC) UltimatelyD) Finally答案：C三、翻译（共20分，每题5分）11. 随着科技的发展，人们越来越依赖于互联网。
考研英语(一)模拟试卷71(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语（一）模拟试卷71(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Use of English 2. Reading Comprehension 3. WritingSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)Where culture is concerned, in Madrid variety reigns. With modern art centers【B1】______from discarded factories and traditional Spanish musical theater 【B2】______modern themes, there are seemingly endless ways to dive into the arts in Madrid. One of those old industrial spaces is Matadero Madrid, 【B3】______a vast slaughterhouse and now a livery multidisciplinary arts【B4】______with design, technology and art exhibitions, as well as experimental theater. Then there’s the Filmoteca Espanola in the Cines Dore, in an easy-to-miss【B5】______next to a fish market. With about 10【B6】______film series each month—retrospectives of beloved directors, a series of documentaries about gypsies—【B7】______a bookstore and restaurant, all【B8】______in a gorgeous Art Deco theater, it’s a great【B9】______for a rainy autumn afternoon. One flight above that same fish market, the Mercado Anton Martin, you’ll【B10】______feet stomping in the hallowed halls of Amor de Dios, the famed flamenco school【B11】______which legends like Antonio Gades, Sara Baras and Joaquin Cortes have passed as either students or teachers. Whether you’re thinking of【B12】______or just sneaking up to【B13】______on a class in action, it’s the city’s most【B14】______scene for flamenco. 【B15】______the cutting-edge crowd out the classics, there are always operettas to be heard at the historic Teatro de la Zarzuela, named for a Spanish genre that【B16】______means huge productions with lavish【B17】______and sets, exaggerated comic gestures and 【B18】______happy endings. The new【B19】______begins Oct. 17 with the classic “ Soto del Parral” ,【B20】______pokes fun at provincial ways, and will close in June with the world premiere of “ YoDali”, a contemporary opera about the life of Salvador Dali.1．【B1】A．derivingB．inheritingC．emergingD．accepting正确答案：C解析：动词辨析题。
考研英语冲刺模拟试题
考研英语冲刺模拟试题2022年考研英语即将到来，为帮助考生更好地备战考试，以下为一组冲刺模拟试题，供考生练习。
听力部分：Part ADirections: In this part of the test, you will hear short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.例题：You will hear:Man: I'm going to the library, do you want to come along?Woman: I'd like to, but I have a meeting at 2 o'clock.Question: What will the woman do?A. Go to the library with the man.B. Have a meeting with the man.C. Have a meeting at 2 o'clock.D. Go to the library later.Part BDirections: In this part, you will hear longer conversations. After each conversation, you will hear several questions. Remember, you are not allowed to take notes.例题：You will hear:Man: Good morning. This is the sales department speaking.Woman: Good morning. This is Mrs. Garcia speaking. I'm interested in your new products.Question: What does the woman want to know?Part CDirections: In this part, you will hear several passages. After each passage, you will hear some questions. Remember, you are not allowed to take notes.例题：You will hear:Passage 1Speaker: Good morning everyone. At this lecture, I will be discussing the importance of time management in our daily lives.Question 1: What will the speaker talk about in the lecture?Question 2: Why is time management important?...口语部分：Task 1: 自我介绍Please introduce yourself in English within 2 minutes. You may include your name, hometown, hobbies, and reasons for taking the postgraduate entrance exam.Task 2: 图片作文Please describe the picture within 2 minutes. You may mention the setting, the activities of the people, and any other details you find interesting....阅读部分：Passage 1Chinese Tea CultureChinese tea culture refers to the methods of preparation of tea, the equipment used to make tea and the occasions in which tea is consumed in China. The practice of drinking tea has a long history in China.Question 1: What does Chinese tea culture refer to?Question 2: How does the passage describe the history of drinking tea in China?...写作部分：Task 1: 作文Please write an essay of at least 300 words on the topic "The Impact of Online Learning". In your essay, you may discuss the advantages and disadvantages of online learning, as well as your personal opinions on the subject....以上为考研英语冲刺模拟试题内容。
考研英语考试模拟试题
考研英语考试模拟试题一、阅读理解Passage 1The economic downturn in the Western world has cast a shadow over developing nations, whose economic health is closely tied to that of the rich countries. A sharp decline in Western demand for goods and services has had already caused a significant drop in export earnings for developing nations. Despite this, many such countries are better prepared to face such a crisis than they would have been a few years ago.One reason why many developing nations are in a better position today is that they have taken advantage of the past few years of relatively strong economic growth to build up substantial financial reserves. As a result, they can now cushion the impact of falling export revenues on government spending programs.Moreover, developing nations have benefited from the drop in global oil prices in the past few months. The sharp decline in oil prices has brought welcome relief to countries that must import crude oil and gas, thus helping to stabilize their finances.Overall, while developing nations are not immune from global economic turmoil, many have made strides in recent years that have enhanced their ability to weather a crisis.1. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The causes of the economic downturn in the Western world.B. The impact of the economic downturn on developing nations.C. The reasons why developing nations are in a better position to face the crisis.D. The role of financial reserves in stabilizing the economies of developing nations.2. According to the passage, which of the following has contributed to the ability of developing nations to face the economic downturn?A. A sharp increase in Western demand for goods and services.B. Substantial financial reserves built up during years of strong economic growth.C. A rise in global oil prices in the past few months.D. A decline in government spending programs.3. The word "cushion" in the passage is closest in meaning to:A. softenB. worsenC. changeD. ignorePassage 2The rise of social media has transformed the way people communicate with each other, with profound implications for society. One aspect of this transformation is the rapid dissemination of information and ideas acrosslarge numbers of people in a matter of minutes, if not seconds. This has created new opportunities for individuals and groups to connect and share their thoughts on a global scale.At the same time, the spread of misinformation and fake news on social media platforms has raised concerns about the trustworthiness of the information that people consume. The ability of false information to go viral and influence public opinion has led to calls for greater regulation of social media companies.Additionally, the use of social media has changed the nature of public discourse, with debates and conversations often becoming more polarized and intense. The anonymity and distance provided by online platforms can lead to higher levels of aggression and hostility among users.Despite these challenges, social media remains a powerful tool for activism and social change. Movements like #BlackLivesMatter have gained momentum and support through social media campaigns, highlighting the potential for positive impact on society.4. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The benefits of social media for communication and activism.B. The challenges of misinformation and polarization on social media.C. The rise of social media as a global platform for sharing information.D. The transformation of public discourse through the use of social media.5. According to the passage, what has raised concerns about the trustworthiness of information on social media?A. The rapid dissemination of information.B. The polarized nature of public discourse.C. The spread of misinformation and fake news.D. The anonymity and distance of online platforms.6. The word "dissemination" in the passage is closest in meaning to:A. suppressionB. spreadingC. collectingD. hiding二、翻译与写作Translate the following sentences into English:1. 我们必须认识到环境问题的紧迫性，并采取行动来保护我们的地球。
英语专业考研考前基础英语水平模考测试卷(附答案)汇编
英语专业考研考前基础英语水平模考测试卷（附答案）Part I Vocabulary and Grammar (40 points)Directions: The following 40 short statements are provided each with four items. You are to choose for each the best word or phrase in place of the underlined or missing part. Please writeyour answer on the answer sheet by marking the corresponding letter in each case.1. The police the witness about the accident.A. questionB. askC. interrogateD. inquire2. The salesman his product when challenged.A. soldB. spoke of C stood up for D. stood for3. She makes a rather living as a novelist.A. precariousB. precautionaryC. cautiousD. precocious4. She the chance to spend a whole day with her father. . * 'A. jumped onB. jumped atC. jumped withD. jumped up3. The car to avoid hitting the old man.A. swervedB. rambledC. scurriedD. curtailed6. Anyone who has a sore throat should from alcohol.A. abstainB. retainC. detainD. pertainand his life is 8. Despite a whole night's emergency treatment, the boy’s condition is still critical now hanging by aA. threadB. cordC. stringD. rope9. The film was banned officially- because of the language and scenes it contained.A. decentB. optimalC. obsceneD. vicious10. China will continue to to control population growth and improve the living standard of Chinese people.A. strideB. contriveC. striveD. stripe11. He avowed his commitment to those ideals.A. acknowledgedB. convertedC. conformedD. renounced12. The political dissident was accused of instigating a plot to overthrow the government.A. devisingB. supportingC. fundingD. provoking13 I wish you two would stop bickering.A. complaining B quarreling C. bargaining D murmuring14. The defendant is facing severe verdict despite the appeal for clemency by his lawyer.A. forgivingB. releaseC. leniencyD. impartiality15. The little boy listened, enthralled by the Captain’s story.A. fascinatedB. swindledC. shockedD. bored16. I was impressed by his expertise on landing craft.A. encouragementB. special skillC. shrewdnessD. eloquence17. Your action is a breach of our university regulations.A. observationB. violationC. creationD. attack18. Subsequent events vindicated his policy.A. predicateB. swingC. dilateD. verify19. Drug smuggling carries a mandatory death penalty in most countries in the world.A. impulsiveB. multicoloredC. obligatory'D. laughable20. Morality, for him, was doing what is expedient.A. undesirableB. unavailable C advantageous D. inappropriate21 You'd like this one, ?A. don't youB. didn't youC. hadn't youD. wouldn’t you22. Do you happen to know the name of this ?A. beautiful, little, red, butterfly-like insectB. little, beautiful, red, butterfly-like insectC. red, little, beautiful, butterfly-like insectD. red, butterfly-like, beautiful, little insect23. My son walked ten miles today. We never guessed that he could walk far.A. /B. suchC. thatD. as24. If talks for the new trade agreements take , food industries in both countries will be seriously affected.A. much too longB. too much longerC. too much longD. much long25. Jim expected nobody in the room.A. there beingB. there beenC. there to beD. there be26. Frankly, I'd rather you anything about it for the time being.A. doB. didn't doC. don’t doD. didn't27. This is a nation which easily to changes.A. adaptsB. is adaptedC. is adaptableD. is adapting28. The young man proved his parents’ expectation.A. worthB. worthyC. worth ofD. worthy of29. After a whole day of hard work, all was a nice meal and a good restA. what he wantedB. which he wantedC. the thing he wantedD. that he wanted30. A modem city has sprung up in was a wasteland ten years agoA. whichB. whatC. thatD. whererequired to attend 31. The new litera ture course differs from the old course the students aren’tlecture.A. in whichB. whichC. in thatD. whereas32. I wonder whether he knows to write a book.A. how great pains it will costB. what great pains will it takeC. what great pains it will cost D what great pains it will take33. college students should learn more about Chinese history.A. 1 consider important thatB. I consider it importantC. I consider what is importantD. I consider it important that34. To a highly imaginative writer, is a pad of paper and a pen.A. all are requiredB. all required isC. all is requiredD. all that is required35. was of no much help to him at that time.A. Little could I doB. What could I do littleC. The little of which 1 could doD. The little that I could do36. Scientists have reached the conclusion the temperature on the earth is getting higher and higher.A. whenB. butC. thatD. for that37. The teacher said, "It's time you your oral presentatio n.” A. beganB. should beginC. beginD. are beginning38. You and I could hardly understand each other, ?A. could IB. couldn't youC. could weD. couldn't we39. A clue Americans may have been more honest in the past lies in the Abe Lincoln story.A. as for whyB. as to whatC. as to which D as to why40. Petroleum is to industry blood is to man.A. thatB. as ifC. whatD. whichPart II Cloze Test (20 points) "Directions: Read the passage below carefully and choose the best answer from those given. Write your choice on the answer sheet by marking the corresponding letter in each case.The tuberculosis situation in China is worsening again. It cannot be 1 unless the current situation which China has Four Highs and One Low is changed. The Four Highs and the One Low means a high infection rate, a high drug 2 rate, a high death rate, a high__3 of infection, and a low rate of decline changes.Experts say that China is one of the twenty-two countries in the world with the highest tuberculosis 4 China ranks second in the world in the 5 number of the people who have TB. Over 500 million Chinese have been 6 to the TB bacillus, six million have active TB and two millionare 7 carriers of the disease. Over two hundred and fifty thousand Chinese die each year from TB. This is twice as many as those who die 8 all of China' s other contagious diseases 9 The rate of TB in the Chinese countryside is 2.4 times 10 in the city. In China, as in other countries, at lease half of the 11 active TB cases, and deaths are in women.Children are the most 12 to infection of all. 13 statistics, the TB death rate among childrenaged 0-4 are 0.8 per 100,000 and 0.5 per 100,000. A 14 found that about half of the TB 15 people have not been found and registered. For 16 reasons, about 65.9 per cent of the people with TB symptoms are not 17 having TB. Experts warn that no disease compares with TB in the damage it-five percent of the 18 on families and the harm it does to China’s economic development. Seventy people with active TB cases 19 in the 15-34 age group, the most 20 age group. This means that China loses 360 million working days each year to TB.1. A. beaten B. conquered C. overcome D. defeated2. A. resistance B. injection C. inferior D. resistable3. A. incidence B. incident C. accident D. accidence4. A. burden B. load C. cargo D. freight5. A. whole B. large C. imaginary D. total6. A. revealed B. revealing C. exposed D. exposing7. A. contagious B. conscientious C. continuous D. consecutive8. A. away B. down C. off D. from9. A. joined B. added C. united D. combined10. A. that B. than C as D. less11. A. infections B. infectious C. affection D. infectants12. A. fragile B. vulnerable C. feeble D. crisp13. A. On the contrary B. According to C. With respect to D. In addition to14. A. research B. inspect C. survey D. study15. A. opposite B. negative C. opponent D. positive16. A. disparate B. desperate C. various D. distinct17. A. diagnosed as B. diagnosed to C. diagnosed about D. diagnosed with18. A. inflicts B. affiliates C. afflicts D. conflicts19. A. is B. are C. have D. has20. A. prospective B. productive C. predictable D. prudentPart III Reading Comprehension (40 points)Section A (30 points)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are some choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer SheetQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.The decline of traditional religion in the West has not removed the need for men and women to find a deeper meaning behind existence. Why is the world the way it is and how do we, as conscious individuals, fit into the great scheme?There is a growing feeling that science, especially what is known as the new physics, can provide answers where religion remains vague and faltering. Many people in search of a meaningto their lives are finding enlightenment in the revolutionary developments at the frontiers of science. Much to the bewilderment of professional scientists, quasi-religious cults are being formed around such unlikely topics as quantum physics, space-time relativity, black holes and the big bang.How can physics, with its reputation for cold precision and objective materialism, provide such fertile soil for the mystical? The truth is that the spirit of scientific inquiry has undergone a remarkable transformation over the past 50 years. The twin revolutions of the theory of relativity, with its space-warps and time-warps, and the quantum theory, which reveals the shadowy and unsubstantial nature of atoms, have demolished the classical image of a clockwork universe slavishly unfolding along a predetermined pathway. Replacing this sterile mechanism is a worldfull of shifting indeterminism and subtle interactions that have no counterpart in daily experience, To study the new physics is to embark on a journey of wonderment and paradox, to glimpsethe universe in a novel perspective, in which subject and object, mind and matter, force and field, become intertwined. Even the creation of the universe itself has fallen within the province of scientific inquiry.The new cosmology provides, for the first time, a consistent picture of how all physical structures, including space and time, came to exist out of nothing. We are moving towards an understanding in which matter, force, order and creation are unified into a single descriptive theme.Many of us who work in fundamental physics are deeply impressed by the harmony and orderwhich pervades the physical world. To me laws of the universe, from quarks to quasars, dovetailtogether so felicitously that the impression there is something behind it all seems overwhelming.The laws of physics are so remarkably clever they can surely only be a manifestation of genius.l. The author says people nowadays find that traditional religion isA. a form of reassuranceB. inadequate to their needsC. responding to scientific progressD. developing in strange ways2. Scientists find the new cults bewildering because they areA. too reactionaryB. based on false evidenceC. derived from inappropriate sourcesD. too subjective3. Which phrase in paragraph 3 suggests that the universe is like a machine?A. Cold precision and objective materialism.B. The shadowy and unsubstantial nature of atoms.C. Slavishly unfolding along a predetermined pathway.D. Shifting Indeterminism and subtle interactions.4. The new physics is exciting because itA. offers a comprehensive explanation of the universeB. proves the existence of a ruling intelligenceC. incorporates the work of men of geniusD. makes scientific theories easier to understand5. The author of this passage isA. a minister of religionB. a research scientistC. science fiction writerD. a journalistQuestions 6 to 16 are based on the following passage.Suddenly Lady Windermere looked eagerly round the room, and said, in her clear contraltovoice, "where is my chiromantist?""Your what, Gladys?" exclaimed the Duchess, trying to remember what a chiromantist reallywas, and hoping it was not the same as a chiropodist."my chiromantist, Duchess; I can't live without him at present. I must certainly introduce himto you.” "Introduce him!" cried the Duchess. “You don't mean to say he is here?" She began looking about for a small tortoiseshell fan and a very tattered lace shawl so as to be ready to go at a moment's notice."Of course he is here; 1 would not dream of giving a party without him. He tells me I have apure psychic hand.""Oh, 1 see!" said the Duchess, feeling very much relieved. "He tells fortunes, I suppose?""And misfortunes, too" answered Lady Windermere. "Any amount of them. Next year, for instance, I am in great danger, both by land and sea, so J am going to live in a balloon, and drawup my dinner in a basket every evening. It is all written down on my little finger, or on the palm ofmy hand. I forgot which." "But surely that is tempting Providence, Gladys." "My dear Duchess,surely Providence can resist temptation by this time. Everyone should have their hands told once amonth, so as to know what not to do. Of course, one does it all the same, but it is so pleasant to bewarned. Ah, here is Mr. Podgers! Now, Mr. Podgers, I want you to tell the Duchess of Paisley'shand.""Dear Gladys, I really don't think it is quite right," said the Duchess, feebly unbuttoning a rather soiled kid glove."Nothing interesting ever is," said Lady Windmere. "But 1 must introduce you. Duchess, thisis Mr. Podgers, my pet chiromantist. Mr. Podgers, this is the Duchess of Paisley, and if you saythat she has a larger mountain of the moon than I have, I will never believe you again.""1 am sure, Gladys, there is nothing of the kind in my hand," said the Duchess gravely."Your grace is quite right," said Mr. Podgers, glancing at the little fat hand."The mountain of the moon is not developed. The line of life, however, is excellent You willlive to a great age, Duchess, and be extremely happy. Ambition—very moderate, line of intellect not exaggerated, line of heart——”"Now. do be indiscreet, Mr. Podgers," cried Lady Windermere."Nothing would give me greater pleasure," said Mr. Podgers, bowing, "if the Duchess ever had been, but I am sorry to say that I see great permanence of affection, combined with a strong sense of duty.""Pray go on, Mr. Podgers," said the Duchess, looking quite pleased."Economy is not the least of your Grace's virtues," continued Mr. Podgers, and lady Windermere went off into fits of laughter.“Economy is a very good thing, remarked the Duchess complacently. When I married Paisley he had eleven castles, and not a single house fit to live in.""And now he has twelve houses, and not a single castle," criedLady Windmere." "you have told the Duchess's character admirably, Mr. Podgers, and now you must tell Lady Flora's." In answer to a nod, a tall girl stepped awkwardly from behind the sofa and held out a long, bony hand."Ah, a pianist!" said Mr. Podgers. “Very reserved, very honest, and with a great love of animals.” "Quite true!" exclaimed the Duchess, turning to Lady Windermere. "Flora keeps two dozen collie dogs at Macloskie, and would turn our town house into a menagerie if her father would let her.""Well, that is just what I do with my house every Thursday evening," cried Lady Windermere, laughing. "Only I like lions better than collie dogs, But Mr. Podgers must read some more handsfor us. Come, Lady Marvel, show him yours."But Lady Marvel entirely declined to have her past or her future exposed. In fact, many people seemed afraid to face the odd little man with his stereotyped smile and his bright, beady eyes; and when he told poor Lady Fermor right out before everyone that she did not care a bit for music, but was extremely fond of musicians, it was generally felt that chiromancy was a most dangerous science, and one that ought not to be encouraged, except in private.Lord Arthur Savile, however, who did not know anything about Lady Fermor's unfortunate story, was filled with curiosity to have his own hand read, and feeling somewhat shy about putting himself forward, crossed to where Lady Windermere was sitting and asked her if she thought Mr. Podgers would mind."Of course he won't mind," said Lady Windermere. "That is what he is here for. All my lions,Lord Arthur, are performing lions, and jump through hoops whenever I ask them."6. Lady Windermere's statement that she "can't live without" (line 5) her chiromantist is an example of .A. witB. satireC. exaggerationD. generalization7 The Duchess wants to "be ready to go at a moment's notice" (line 7) because sheA. is afraid of chiropodistsB. is tired of Lady WindermereC. thinks having her fortune told would be tempting ProvidenceD. does not want to meet Mr. Podgers8. The passage suggests that the Duchess wears a tattered shawl and soiled gloves because sheA. likes to save moneyB. cannot afford to buy nicer onesC. cares little about appearanceD. prefer to buy nice things for her home9. Lady Windermere's plan to live in a balloon and draw up her dinner in a basket indicates herA .desire to impress the DuchessB. inability to separate reality from fantasyC. whimsical attitude toward fortune-tellingD. respect for the accuracy of Mr. Podger's fortunes10. Lady Windermere's speech in lines21-24 shows that she _______A. likes to give advice to othersB. dislike knowing what is going to happen to herC. believes that Mr. Podgers has amazing and uncanny powersD. does not take either Providence or chiromancy very seriously.11. The Duchess says, "I really don't think it is quite right" in line 26 because sheA. has philosophical and moral objections to fortune-tellingB. thinks that trying to discern the future could be dangerousC. does not like to do what Lady Windermere tells her to doD. believes that Mr. Podgers is likely to predict bad events in her futuresuggests that Lady12. Lady Windermere's use of the phrase “my pet chiromantist” WindermereA. provide for Mr. Podgers's needB. perceives Mr. Podgers's devotion to herC. feels possessive toward Mr PodgersD. likes to belittle Mr. Podgers in front of her friends13. By characterizing the Duchess's line of intellect as "not exaggerated", Mr. Podgers shows himself to beA. tactfulB. disdainfulC. imaginativeD. suspicious14. The Duchess looks "quite pleased" because .A. her future is brighter than is Lady windermere'sB. her fear about tempting Providence have been allayedC. Mr. Podgers has not suggested any danger in her immediate futureD. Mr. Podgers has described her characteristics positively15. In addition to telling people's fortunes, Mr. Podgers .A. describes their characteristicsB. describes their past endeavorsC. describes their present occupationD. encourages their unspoken plansQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.Extraordinary creative activity has been characterized as revolutionary, flying in the face of what is established and producing not what is acceptable but what will become accepted. According to this formulation, highly creative activity transcends the limits of an existing form and establishes a new principle of organization. However, the idea that extraordinary creativity transcends established limits is misleading when it is applied to the arts, even though it may bevalid for the sciences. Differences between highly creative art and highly creative science arise in part from differences in their goals. For the sciences, a new theory is the goal and end result of the creative act. Innovative science produces new propositions in terms of which diverse phenomena can be related to one another in more coherent ways. Such phenomena as a brilliant diamond or a nesting bird are relegated to the role of data, serving as the means for formulating or testing a new theory. The goal of highly creative art is very different: the phenomenon itself becomes the direct product of the creative act. Shakespeare's Hamlet is not a tract about the behavior of indecisive princes or the uses of political power, nor is Picasso's painting Guernica primarily a prepositional statement about the Spanish Civil War or the evils of fascism. What highly creative artistic activity produces is not a new generalization that transcends established limits, but rather an aesthetic particular. Aesthetic particulars produced by the highly creative artist extend or exploit, in an innovative way, the limits of an existing form, rather than transcend that form.This is not to deny that a highly creative artist sometimes establishes a new principle of organization in the history of an artistic field: the composer Monteverdi, who created music of the highest aesthetic value, comes to mind. More generally, however, whether or not a composition establishes a new principle in the history of music has little bearing on its aesthetic worth. Because they embody a new principle of organization, some musical works, such as the operas of the Florentine Camerata, are of signal historical importance, but few listeners or musicologists would include these among the great works of music. On the other hand, Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro is surely among the masterpieces of music even though its modest innovations are confined to extending existing means. It has been said of Beethoven that he toppled the rules and freed music from the stifling confines of convention. But a close study of his compositions reveals that Beethoven overturned no fundamental rules. Rather, he was an incomparable strategist who exploited limits the rules, forms, and conventions that he inherited from predecessors such as Haydn and Mozart, Handel and Bach in strikingly original ways.16. The author considers a new theory that coherently relates diverse phenomena to one another to be the .A. basis for reaffirming a well-established scientific formulationB. byproduct of an aesthetic experienceC. tool used by a scientist to discover a new particularD. result of highly creative scientific activity17. The passage supplies information for answering all of the following questions EXCEPT:A. Has unusual creative activity been characterized as revolutionary?B. Did Beethoven work within a musical tradition that also Included Handel and Bach?C. Is Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro an example of a creative work that transcended limits?D. Who besides Monteverdi wrote music that the author would consider to embody new principlesof organization and to be of high aesthetic value?18. The author regards the idea that all highly creative artistic activity transcends limits with .A. deep skepticismB. strong indignationC. marked indifferenceD. moderate amusement19. The author implies that an innovative scientific contribution is one thatA. is cited with high frequency in the publications of other scientistsB. is accepted immediately by the scientific communityC does not relegate particulars to the role of dataD introduces a new valid generalization20. Which of the following statements would most logically conclude the last paragraph of the passage?A. Unlike Beethoven, however, even the greatest of modern composers, such as Stravinsky, didnot transcend existing musical forms.B. In a similar fashion, existing musical forms were even further exploited by the next generationof great European composers.C. Thus, many of the great composers displayed the same combination of talents exhibited by Monteverdi.D. By contrast, the view that creativity in the arts exploits but does not transcend limits is supported in the field of literature.Section B (10 points)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and give answers to the five questions. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.By the mid century there emerged a trend in writing that favored a new approach to constructingthe novel that abandoned many of the time-honored traditions of form. In deed, there has been debate about whether many of the works of the times should rightly be considered novels at all. Although not all writers of the period pursued experimental methods, two of them, William Burroughs and Henry Miller, served as exemplary figures.William Burroughs published journals depicting his travels through South America and North Africa. He was heavily influenced by his encounter with foreign languages and associations with strange customs. The impact of his experiences on his writing led to a uniquely detached style. Often it is difficult to determine who is telling the stories, or where the characters have come from.In his most celebrated work Naked Lunch, Burroughs is said to have physically cut up the manuscript and pasted it back together, to further disturb the conventional notion of narration. Although these writing techniques did not boost initial sales of his works, American academia accepts him as an important practitioner of literary theory.Henry Miller wrote about his personal life in a depth that previous authors had avoided. In order to better expose compulsive desires, he used very graphic language to describe the details of his intimate relationships. His books Tropic of Capricorn and Tropic of Cancer were banned in some states when they were first published. Although there are disagreements about Miller's moral positions, he is acknowledged as an important contributor to mid-twentieth century American fiction.21. What is the main topic of this passage?22. What did the passage preceding this one probably discuss?23. What can we assume about Burroughs' earlier works?24. What is the most difficult aspect of reading the book Naked Lunch?25. What can we infer about the works of the two men?Part IV Translation (30 points)Section A E-C translation (15 points)Directions; Read the following passage carefully aid translate it into good Chinese. Write your translation on the answer sheet.Translating versus interpretingSome problems arise because people think of translating and interpreting as being two entirely different kinds of operations, one written and the other spoken. But both are part of the same act of producing in a receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source text, whether spokenor written. The significant differences are the speed with which an interpreter must make decisions, the enormous tension to keep up with the rapid flow of spoken language, the background knowledge necessary for instant recall, and the willingness to produce something that may not be "perfect." In fact, no interpretation is ever perfect.Interpreting can, however, be an important plus for a translator, because it immediately forces himor her to be up to date with respect to rapid developments within any discipline, and it highlightsthe fact that listening to one language and speaking in another is a largely automatic process, something that some translators have faired to recognize.At the former Maurice Thorez Institute of foreign languages in Moscow, persons who had already demonstrated exceptional ability as translators could also be tested for their possible ability to actas professional interpreters. The test consisted of an assigned topic, one minute to prepare, and one minute to speak. The reason for this type of testing was the conviction that interpreting, whether consecutive or simultaneous, depended more on an ability to organize information than on determining meaning.Section B C-E Translation (15 points)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and translate it into good English. Write your translation on the answer sheet.由小学到中学，所修习的无非是一些普通的基本知识。