北科考博英语翻译长难句分析
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：52
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Eyespots, the most rudimentary eyes, are found in protozoan flagellates, flatworms, and segmented worms.问题1选项A.principalB.perceptiveC.primitiveD.persistent【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。
rudimentary表示“基本的，退化的，未发展的”；A项principal“主要的，资本的”，B项perceptive“洞察力强的，思维敏捷的”，C项primitive“原始的，远古的”，D项persistent“执着的，坚持不懈的”。
句意：眼斑存在于原生动物鞭毛虫、扁虫和分节虫中，是未发展的眼睛。
根据句意可知，rudimentary在句子中表示“原始的，未进化的”意思，只有C项符合。
故该题选择C项正确。
2.单选题Those students who have made adequate preparations for the test will be better off.问题1选项A.more wealthytB.less successfultC.dismissed earliertD.favorably positioned【答案】D【解析】考查词语辨析。
主语是students （学生），根据句子语境推测better off表示“表现好，排名靠前”；A项wealthy“富有的”，它的比较级形式是wealthier；B项less successful“不太成功”，C项dismissed earlier“更早淘汰”，D项favorably positioned“很好的排名，排名靠前”。
句意：那些为考试做了充分准备的学生排名靠前。
根据句意可知D项正确。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第20期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Diesel engines provide excellent mileage, but they are relatively noisy and their acceleration is sluggish.问题1选项A.unevenB.loudC.slowD.hard【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。
sluggish表示“萧条的，迟钝的”；A项uneven“不均匀的，不平坦的”，B 项loud“大声的，喧闹的”，C项slow“慢的，减速的”，D项hard“努力的，硬的”。
句意：柴油发动机提供优良的里程，但它们相对嘈杂，加速缓慢。
根据句意可知，sluggish在句子中表示“缓慢的”，四个选项中只有slow符合。
故该题选择C项正确。
2.单选题Poverty and inadequate health care take their toll on the quality of a community’s health.问题1选项A.destructionB.contributionC.chargeD.origin【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。
toll表示“代价”；A项destruction“损害，破坏”，B项contribution“贡献”，C项charge“费用”，D项origin“起源，出身”。
句意：贫穷和卫生保健不足损害了社区的健康质量。
根据句意可知A项正确。
3.单选题It was（）that the restaurant discriminated against black customers.问题1选项A.addictedB.allegedC.assaultedD.ascribed【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。
A项addict“使沉迷，使上瘾”，B项allege“宣称，断言”，C项assault“攻击，袭击”，D项ascribe“归因于，归咎于”。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：33
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The visiting professor was so（）in his field that many of our faculty members became nervous in his presence.问题1选项A.imminentB.eminentC.precedentD.prudent【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A项imminent“即将来临的，迫近的”，B项eminent“杰出的，有名的”，C项precedent“在前的，在先的”，D项prudent“谨慎的，精明的”。
根据关键词visiting professor （客座教授）可知，空格部分应该修饰人，A、C选项排除；根据后面的从句many of our faculty members became nervous in his presence（许多教员一见到他就紧张起来）可知，D项不太符合句意，故B项正确。
句意：这位客座教授在他的领域内是如此的杰出，以至于我们的许多教员一见到他就紧张起来。
故该题选择B 项正确。
2.单选题This school promised to make classes smaller and offer more individualized（）.问题1选项A.presentationB.instructionC.convictionD.obligation【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。
A项presentation“展示，描述”，B项instruction“指令，命令，教导”，C项conviction“定罪，确信”，D项obligation“义务，职责”；根据句子语境“这所学校承诺缩小班级规模，提供更个性化的……”可知，只有B项符合。
句意：这所学校承诺要缩小班级规模，提供更加个性化的教学。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第92期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The visitors were impressed by the facilities planned and programmed in terms of their interrelationships.问题1选项A.in units ofB.with reference toC.in aspects ofD.on condition of【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。
Intermsof表示“按照”；A项inunitsof“把……作为单位”，B项withreferenceto“关于，等于”，C项inaspectsof“在……方面”，D项onconditionof“在……条件下”。
句意：参观者们对于根据他们内部关系所设置的周边介绍印象深刻。
根据句意可知B项正确。
2.单选题The Chinese government continues to uphold the principle of peaceful co-existence.问题1选项A.supportB.restrictC.raiseD.modify【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。
uphold表示“支撑，支持，鼓励”；A项support“支持”，B项restrict“限制”，C项raise“提高”，D项modify“修改”。
句意：中国政府继续坚持和平共处的原则。
根据句意可知A项正确。
3.单选题The importance of protecting rainforests from human invasion is increasingly realized by developing and developed countries（）.问题1选项A.bothB.eitherC.alikeD.apart【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第82期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The importance of protecting rainforests from human invasion is increasingly realized by developing and developed countries（）.问题1选项A.bothB.eitherC.alikeD.apart【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。
A项both“两者都”，B项either“也，而且，两者之中的一个”；C项alike“相似地，同样地”，D项apart“相距，分离者”。
空格前面是由and连接的两个并列成分，那么空格处需要填入一个副词与之呼应；A项用于both…and…（两个都），所以排除；B项用于两者中的其中一个，B 项排除；句意：保护热带雨林的重要性日益为发展中国家和发达国家所重视。
根据句意可知D项不符句意，因此C项正确。
2.单选题This old man had trouble expressing the attachment he felt when arriving at his native town. 问题1选项A.hospitalityB.affectionC.appealD.frustration【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。
attachment表示“附件，依恋”；A项hospitality“好客，殷勤”，B项affection“喜爱，感情”，C项appeal“呼吁，恳求”，D项frustration“挫折”。
句意：这位老人难以表达他到达家乡时的依恋之情。
根据句意可知B项正确。
3.单选题In those days, executive expected to spend most of their lives in the same firm and, unless they were dismissed for（）to retire at the age of 65.问题1选项A.integrityB.denialC.incompetenceD.deduction【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：13
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Global warming poses a threat to the earth, but humans can probably ease the climate threats brought on by rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, global climate specialist Richard Alley told an audience at the University of Vermont, Alley said his research in Greenland suggested that subtle changes in atmospheric patterns leave parts of the globe susceptible to abrupt and dramatic climate shifts that can last decades or centuries. Almost all scientists agree that increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere created as humans burn fossil fuel is warming the planet. How to respond to the warming is a matter of intense political, scientific and economic debate worldwide.Alley said he was upbeat about global warming because enough clever people existed in the world to find other reliable energy sources besides fossil fuels. He said people can get rich finding marketable alternatives to fossil fuel. “Wouldn’t it be useful if the United States were to have a piece of the action. Wouldn’t it be useful if some bright students from University of Vermont were to have a piece of the action,” Alley said.Alley said that Europe and parts of eastern North America could in a matter of a few years revert to a cold, windy region, like the weather in Siberia. Such shifts have occurred frequently over the millennia, Alley’s research shows. A gradual change in atmospheric temperature, such as global warming, could push the climate to a threshold where such a shift suddenly occurs, he said.Alley told his audience of about 200 people in a University of Vermont lecture hall Wednesday evening that he couldn’t predict if, when or where sudden shifts toward cold, heat, drought or water could occur under global warming, but it is something everyone should consider. “This is not the biggest problem in the world. The biggest problem in the world is getting along with each other. But it’s part of that because we’re not going to get along with each other if we’re not getting along with the planet,” Alley said.1. According to Alley the climate threats to the earth brought by global warming（）.2. Alley’s research shows that dramatic climate changes may be caused by（）.3. The word “upbeat” (in Paragraph 3) probably means（）.4. What does Alley suggest people do in order to reduce global warming?5. Alley predicts that global warming could turn Europe and parts of eastern North America into（）.问题1选项A.can be easedtB.can be endedtC.will become worsetD.will last for decadest问题2选项A.abrupt changes in atmospheric patternstB.subtle changes in atmospheric patternstC.humans’ burning of fossil fueltD.increasing levels of carbon dioxidet问题3选项A.pessimistictB.optimistictC.worriedtD.insensiblet问题4选项A.To find other energy sources besides fossil fuels.tB.To start a political, scientific and economic debate.tC.To take action to burn no fossil fuels.tD.To call on people worldwide to protect our earth.t问题5选项A.a region like SiberiatB.a warmer and warmer placetC.a tropical regiontD.a place like North Pole【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：37
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The detective and his assistant have begun to（）the mysterious murder.问题1选项e throughB.look intoC.make overD.see to【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。
A项come through“经历，安然度过”，B项look into“调查，观察”，C项make over“转让，移交”，D项see to“注意，负责”。
根据前面的关键词detective and his assistant （侦探和他的助手），可猜测空格部分应该表示“调查”。
句意：侦探和他的助手已经开始调查那宗神秘的谋杀案。
故该题选择B项正确。
2.单选题There have been some speculations at times as to who will take over the company.问题1选项A.on occasionB.at presentC.by nowD.for sure【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。
at times表示“有时，偶尔”；A项on occasion“有时，偶尔”，B项at present“目前，现在”，C项by now“到目前为止”，D项for sure“确实，毫无疑问”。
句意：关于谁将接管公司，不时有一些猜测。
根据句意可知，选择A项正确。
3.单选题Poverty and i nadequate health care take their toll on the quality of a community’s health.问题1选项A.destructionB.contributionC.chargeD.origin【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。
toll表示“代价”；A项destruction“损害，破坏”，B项contribution“贡献”，C项charge“费用”，D项origin“起源，出身”。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第63期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Scientists maintain that feathers initially developed from insect scales.问题1选项A.surprisinglyB.originallyC.self-evidentlyD.mostly【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。
initially表示“最初地”；A项surprisingly“惊人地，出人意料地”，B项originally“最初”，C项self-evidently“不言而喻地”，D项mostly“主要地，多半地”。
句意：科学家们认为，羽毛最初是由昆虫的鳞片进化而来的。
根据句意可知，该题选择B项正确。
2.单选题Ships passing on the high seas exchanged salutes by lowering and raising their flags once. 问题1选项rmation tB.ceremonies tC.greetings tD.privileges 【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。
salute表示“敬礼，致敬”；A项information“信息”，B项ceremony“仪式，典礼”，C项greeting“招呼，问候”，D项privilege“特权”。
句意：在公海上经过的船只通过降旗和升旗互致敬礼。
根据句意可知，该题选择C项正确。
3.单选题I will tell Tom he is an adopted child, but I will do it in due course.问题1选项A.at proper timeB.of courseC.in my own wayD.sooner or later【答案】A【解析】考查词义辨析。
in due course表示“在适当的时候，及时”；A项at proper time“在适当的时候”，B项of course“当然”，C项in my own way“以我自己的方式”，D项sooner or later“迟早，早晚”。
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北科考博英语翻译长难句分析
一、 问 ：老师，请帮我评一下这篇翻译！谢谢！
The field of torts embraces a group of civil wrongs ,other than breach of contact , that interfere with person ,property ,reputation ,or commercial or social advantage . 侵权行为指的是侵害人身、财产、名誉、商业或社会利益等领域权利的一系列民事侵权行为，它并不是合同法的一个分枝。
While such an act ,such as an assult ,may sometimes be both a crime punishable by the state in a criminal prosecution and also a tort actionable by the victim in a suit for damages ,the criminal prosecution and the damage action are quite separate and unrelated proceedings . 但像突袭这样的行为就有可能既涉及到刑事惩罚，又涉及侵权诉讼，前者主要是由国家通过刑事诉讼来完诚，后者主要是由受害人通过损害赔偿诉讼来完成，这是两 个完全分开且相互之间没有关联的诉讼过程。
The essential purpose of the law of torts is compensatory and ,though punitive damages may occasionally be awarded , its function is distinct from that of criminal law.and injured party is not awarded compensation in the criminal proceeding .侵权法的功能和刑法的功能是不相同，侵权法的主要目是补偿，偶尔也支持罚金，而刑法的主要目的是惩罚，受害方是不能通过刑事诉讼得到赔偿的。
答：同学你好，翻译的三个标准是：信达雅。
所谓的信使忠实于原文，而所谓的忠实于原文说白了就是能不增减就不增减，能不动语序就不动语序，。
你给的这 个文章整体而言翻译的还可以，但是你的翻译偶尔会触动：信字。
尤其是在语序方面。
我们看一下你翻译的最后一部分：The essential purpose of the law of torts is compensatory and ,though punitive damages may occasionally be awarded , its function is distinct from that of criminal law.and injured party is not awarded compensation in the criminal proceeding .侵权法的功能和刑法的功能是不相同，侵权法的主要目是补偿，偶尔也支持罚金，而刑法的主要目的是惩罚，受害方是不能通过刑事诉讼得到赔偿的。
你的这句话 的翻译问题最明显。
你按照我前面说的要求在这个问题的基础上再翻译一遍，我再看看
二、 问：老师，帮我点评一下法律英语翻译
答：There is a bewildering variety of legal systems in the world . 世界上有各种各样的让人困惑的法律体系。
Every country has its own . 每个国家都有自己的法律体系。
But law is strictly defined by nationality : it stops at the border .Outside its home base ,it has no validity at all . 但是法律完全是由国家自主制定的，在国家边界之内它发挥作用，在边界之外它则一点效力都没有。
Now two legal systems are exactly alike . Each is specific to its country or its jurisdiction . 现在有两个法律体系极度的相似，他们各自运用于各自的国度或司法部门。
This does not mean that every legal system is entirely different from every other legal system . 这并不是说每一个法律体系都完全不同于其他的法律体系。
When two countries are similar in culture ang tration , their legal systems are likely to be similar as well .当两个国家在文化和传统方面非常相似，他们的法律体系也就会非常相似。
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三、问：请翻译老师点评法律英语翻译（三）
Langdell held that law consists of certain principles or doctines and that those scientific principles are contained in printed books . 兰德尔认为法律中包含着一定的原理或者原则，并且他认为那些科学的原理已包含在出版的书本中了。
Langdell believed that legal education should occur in the classroom not in the law office. 兰德尔坚持法律教育应当在课堂上进行而不是在办公室进行。
In Langdell’s view , by studying the cases on a subject , the student would learn the legal doctrines which they embody . 通过研究这个课题的相关案例，我们发现兰德尔主张学生应该学习一些具体化的法律原则。
Since , in this view ,law was a science to be studied by scholars , law teachers did not need any practical experience in the profession .Rather ,they required only academic training . 因此按兰德尔的这个观点，法律应是一门由学者研究的科学，法律教师并不需要具有任何与专业相关有实践应验，他们的仅仅需要学科培训就可以了。
What qualifies a person ,therefore , to teach law is not experience in
dealing with men , not experience in the trial or argument of causes , not experience ,in short ,in using law ,but experience in learning law . 因此，判定一个人是否具备教授法律的资格，不是看他是否在律师事务所工作过，不是看他是否接待过当事人，不是看他是否参加过审判或者参与过案由辩论，总之，不是看他是否运用过法律，而是看他是否学过法律。
答：同学你好，这个的翻译比你的第一篇好，原因很简单，你基本遵循了“信”。
但是在这段的最后一句话你有出现了大量的“增译”。
因此，判定一个人是否具备教授法律的资格，不是看他是否在律师事务所工作过，不是看他是否接待过当事人，不是看他是否参加过审判或者参与过案由辩论，总之，不是看他是否运用过法律，而是看他是否学过法律。
黑体部分，问题最明显
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